CN104770168A - Method for keeping Chinese yams fresh over winter in field - Google Patents
Method for keeping Chinese yams fresh over winter in field Download PDFInfo
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- CN104770168A CN104770168A CN201510159981.9A CN201510159981A CN104770168A CN 104770168 A CN104770168 A CN 104770168A CN 201510159981 A CN201510159981 A CN 201510159981A CN 104770168 A CN104770168 A CN 104770168A
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- chinese yams
- chinese yam
- winter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for keeping Chinese yams fresh over winter in a field. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting sandy soil and carrying out cultivation; (2) applying a base fertilizer; (3) loosening soil with the loosening depth being 80-120cm; (4) selecting a planting density; (5) selecting a planting method and planting time; (6) laying drip irrigation zones; (7) erecting humping supports; (8) keeping fresh over winter in the field, namely necessarily stopping watering on the last ten-day of September, harvesting the Chinese yams across ridges, and covering soil over 30cm on un-harvested ridges of Chinese yams for a winter protection purpose. The method provided by the invention can be used for well keeping the Chinese yams fresh, preventing the Chinese yams from degrading due to water loss, and simultaneously greatly reducing the storage cost of the Chinese yams. The freezing rate of the Chinese yams is controlled within 5% when the Chinese yams are harvested for sales on March, and the frozen tip parts of the Chinese yams are close to the tip parts without commodity values on the ground.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese yam to survive the winter in field preservation method.
Background technology
Chinese yam is Dioscoreaceae yam, is the ancient crop of dietotherapeutic, the cultivation history of existing 2000.Its stem tuber contains rich in protein, amino acid, vitamin and starch etc.Have invigorating the spleen, controlling nocturnal emission with astringent drugs, the effect of invigorating the lung and the kidney, be a kind of medicinal plant of food medicine dual-purpose of good treatment diabetes, all there is cultivation all parts of the country.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of Chinese yam to survive the winter in field preservation method, effectively can keep the fresh state of product, avoid Chinese yam dehydration and reduce quality.
The invention provides a kind of Chinese yam drip irrigation cultivation method, comprise the following steps:
(1) sandy loam is selected to cultivate;
(2) base manure is applied: every mu applies chicken manure that 3-5 ton becomes thoroughly decomposed and the cake fertilizer that 300-500kg becomes thoroughly decomposed as base manure;
(3) chesson, the loose degree of depth is 80-120cm;
(4) planting density: adopt the mode of wide-and narrow-row to plant, wide row space 120-140cm, little line-spacing 70-80cm, spacing in the rows 20-30cm, plantation ditch depth 10-15cm;
(5) implantation methods and the time: 10-20cm soil temperature can be sowed more than 10 DEG C, the Chinese yam young plant weight cut is greater than 50g, and otch lime carries out disinfection, airing 10-15 days before plantation; Put Chinese yam young plant according to spacing in the rows, bury Tu Chenglong, every ridge 2 row;
(6) irrigate band is laid: on ridge, lay an irrigate band, drip 24 hours, at every turn the every mu of amount of dripping 20-30m at every turn
3, breeding time will according to a small amount of repeatedly, see and dryly see wet principle of pouring water, drip requirement uniformity, not non-irrigated not flooded, and the previous moon of gathering stops watering;
(7) built;
(8) survive the winter in field fresh-keeping: late September must stop watering, and carries out gathering every ridge when Chinese yam is gathered, and more than the 30cm that earths up in the Chinese yam ridge of not gathering is cold-proof.
Preferably, the organic matter containing 75%-85% in cake fertilizer described in step (2), nitrogenous 1.1-6.0%, phosphorus 0.4%-3.0%, potassium 0.9%-2.1%.
Preferably, cake fertilizer described in step (2) is the soybean cake, colza cake or the cottonseed cake that become thoroughly decomposed.
Preferably, chesson described in step (3) carries out loosing soil with the two drill bit trepanning machines revolved apart from being 70cm to yam planting ditch.
Applying method of the present invention can carry out fresh-keeping to Chinese yam well, avoids Chinese yam dehydration and reduces quality, meanwhile, adopts method of the present invention significantly can reduce the storage cost of Chinese yam.Gather March listing time, the rate of enduring cold of Chinese yam within 5%, and endure cold be Chinese yam stem tuber near ground the tip portion without commodity value.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is convenient to understand the present invention better, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is conventional method.
embodiment 1
A kind of Chinese yam of the present invention preservation method step of surviving the winter in field is as follows:
1, selection of land
Sandy loam is selected to cultivate.
2, apply fertilizer
Mu executes cake fertilizer that 5 tons of chicken manures become thoroughly decomposed and 500kg become thoroughly decomposed as base manure.Apply required nutrient when above-mentioned base manure can provide Chinese yam to grow.Organic matter containing 75%-85% in cake fertilizer, nitrogenous 1.1-6.0%, phosphorus 0.4%-3.0%, potassium 0.9%-2.1%, also containing protein and amino acid etc.Nitrogen content in cake fertilizer is more, and majority is crude protein, easily decomposes, and fertilizer efficiency plays faster, can be crop and provides more comprehensive nutrient supply.Cake fertilizer can select soybean cake, colza cake, cottonseed cake etc., uses above-mentioned several cake fertilizer effect of increasing production best.Must become thoroughly decomposed before using, produce high heat after the cake fermentation of not becoming thoroughly decomposed, easily make crop root burn.Cake fertilizer becomes thoroughly decomposed method: about in the ratio poach of 1:1 after being pulverized by cake fertilizer, cover plastic foil and become thoroughly decomposed, within the temperature condition of 30 DEG C 50-60 days, can fully become thoroughly decomposed, period needs repeatedly turning, makes it become thoroughly decomposed evenly.
3, chesson
Carry out loosing soil with the two drill bit trepanning machines revolved apart from 70cm to yam planting ditch, the loose degree of depth is 80-120cm.Carry out loosing soil with two drill bit trepanning machine, can plough deeply soil, Chinese yam stem tuber easily grows downwards, makes Chinese yam product appearance mellow and full straight, and diameter reaches 3 centimetres, length more than 60 centimetres, superior in quality.
4, planting density
Wide-narrow row planting, wide row space 120cm, little line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, plantation ditch depth 10-15cm.Wide-narrow row planting is convenient to field management, and large illumination is in the ranks abundant, can reduce between Chinese yam plant and mutually shade, make blade in uniform light, and light-receiving time extends, and greatly improves photosynthetic availability.Land resources and sunlight-heat reaources can be made full use of, alleviate between crop and win honour for, strive fertile contradiction, soil Zhong Shui, heat, gas, fertile effect can be given full play to, the nutriment of manufacture and the dry matter of accumulation many, be conducive to the increase of output.
5, implantation methods
Late March can be sowed to 10-20cm soil temperature mid-April more than 10 DEG C.The Chinese yam young plant weight cut is greater than 50g, and otch lime carries out disinfection, airing 10-15 days before plantation.Put Chinese yam young plant according to spacing in the rows, bury Tu Chenglong, every ridge 2 row.
6, irrigate band is laid
An irrigate band is laid on ridge, drips 24 hours, at every turn the every mu of amount of dripping 20-30m at every turn
3.Chinese yam is afraid of that flood is not drought-enduring yet, if too drought can have a strong impact on Chinese yam and expands, but then root is easily rotten at tuber expansion period hypervolia, and stem tuber is crisp, easily breaks.Chinese yam drip irrigation is planted, breeding time will according to a small amount of repeatedly, see and dryly see wet principle of pouring water, drip requirement uniformity, not non-irrigated not flooded.Gather and stop by the previous moon watering.
7, built
Use bamboo pole built.Frame height 120-130cm, man-like shelf.
8, survive the winter in field fresh-keeping
Frozen soil layer is within 60cm, and winter, sleet was rare, and dry area can adopt the Chinese yam of the inventive method to plantation to carry out surviving the winter in field fresh-keeping.In addition, late September must stop watering, and makes the soil of yam planting ditch the first half fully dry.Carry out when Chinese yam is gathered gathering every ridge, more than the 30cm that earths up in the Chinese yam ridge of not gathering is cold-proof, and after surviving the winter, the commodity part of Chinese yam can not be endured cold, listing of gathering March.During listing, the rate of enduring cold of Chinese yam within 5%, and endure cold be Chinese yam stem tuber near ground the tip portion without commodity value.
embodiment 2
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is:
In step 2, mu executes cake fertilizer that 3 tons of chicken manures become thoroughly decomposed and 400kg become thoroughly decomposed as base manure.Cake fertilizer is soybean cake fertilizer.
In step 4, planting density is: wide-narrow row planting, wide row space 130cm, little line-spacing 75cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, plantation ditch depth 10-15cm.
Remainder is all identical.
embodiment 3
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is:
In step 2, mu executes cake fertilizer that 4 tons of chicken manures become thoroughly decomposed and 300kg become thoroughly decomposed as base manure.Cake fertilizer is rapeseed cake fertilizer.
In step 4, planting density is: wide-narrow row planting, wide row space 140cm, little line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, plantation ditch depth 10-15cm.
Remainder is all identical.
Adopt method of the present invention, Chinese yam can survive the winter in field and carry out fresh-keeping, and can keep the fresh state of Chinese yam product, the percentage of water loss of Chinese yam, lower than 5%, is avoided Chinese yam dehydration and reduces quality.Meanwhile, the storage cost of Chinese yam is significantly reduced.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. Chinese yam survives the winter in field a preservation method, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) sandy loam is selected to cultivate;
(2) base manure is applied: every mu applies chicken manure that 3-5 ton becomes thoroughly decomposed and the cake fertilizer that 300-500kg becomes thoroughly decomposed as base manure;
(3) chesson, the loose degree of depth is 80-120cm;
(4) planting density: adopt the mode of wide-and narrow-row to plant, wide row space 120-140cm, little line-spacing 70-80cm, spacing in the rows 20-30cm, plantation ditch depth 10-15cm;
(5) implantation methods and the time: 10-20cm soil temperature can be sowed more than 10 DEG C, the Chinese yam young plant weight cut is greater than 50g, and otch lime carries out disinfection, airing 10-15 days before plantation; Put Chinese yam young plant according to spacing in the rows, bury Tu Chenglong, every ridge 2 row;
(6) irrigate band is laid: on ridge, lay an irrigate band, drip 24 hours, at every turn the every mu of amount of dripping 20-30m at every turn
3, breeding time will according to a small amount of repeatedly, see and dryly see wet principle of pouring water, drip requirement uniformity, not non-irrigated not flooded, and the previous moon of gathering stops watering;
(7) built;
(8) survive the winter in field fresh-keeping: late September must stop watering, and carries out gathering every ridge when Chinese yam is gathered, and more than the 30cm that earths up in the Chinese yam ridge of not gathering is cold-proof.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the organic matter containing 75%-85% in cake fertilizer described in step (2), nitrogenous 1.1-6.0%, phosphorus 0.4%-3.0%, potassium 0.9%-2.1%.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: cake fertilizer described in step (2) is the soybean cake, colza cake or the cottonseed cake that become thoroughly decomposed.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: chesson described in step (3) carries out loosing soil with the two drill bit trepanning machines revolved apart from being 70cm to yam planting ditch.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510159981.9A CN104770168A (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | Method for keeping Chinese yams fresh over winter in field |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510159981.9A CN104770168A (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | Method for keeping Chinese yams fresh over winter in field |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104770168A true CN104770168A (en) | 2015-07-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510159981.9A Pending CN104770168A (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | Method for keeping Chinese yams fresh over winter in field |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106613170A (en) * | 2016-11-27 | 2017-05-10 | 刘雄 | Planting method of Chinese yams |
| CN107624320A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-26 | 宁夏佳禾恒农业开发有限公司 | The double ditch dense planting water-fertilizer integral implantation methods of Chinese yam |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103609277A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-03-05 | 洛宁县志博农业新技术推广有限公司 | Dioscorea opposita cultivating method |
| CN103609283A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-05 | 邹建运 | Method for planting yams |
| CN103766107A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-05-07 | 吴燕 | Planting method for Chinese yams |
-
2015
- 2015-04-07 CN CN201510159981.9A patent/CN104770168A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103766107A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-05-07 | 吴燕 | Planting method for Chinese yams |
| CN103609277A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-03-05 | 洛宁县志博农业新技术推广有限公司 | Dioscorea opposita cultivating method |
| CN103609283A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-03-05 | 邹建运 | Method for planting yams |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘金榜: "山药高产栽培技术", 《农民致富之友》 * |
| 吕永亮等: "山药无公害栽培技术", 《吉林蔬菜》 * |
| 曹涤环: "山药的优质高产栽培", 《中国土特产》 * |
| 朱海鹏等: "山药清洁生产高产栽培技术", 《安徽农学通报》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106613170A (en) * | 2016-11-27 | 2017-05-10 | 刘雄 | Planting method of Chinese yams |
| CN107624320A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-26 | 宁夏佳禾恒农业开发有限公司 | The double ditch dense planting water-fertilizer integral implantation methods of Chinese yam |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| EXSB | Decision made by sipo to initiate substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
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Application publication date: 20150715 |