CN103609283B - A kind of implantation methods of Rhizoma Dioscoreae - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of yam planting method, the inventive method includes: seed selection, accelerating germination, wholely, trench digging, shallow raw directional planting, fertilising, water management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the step gathered, present invention employs shallow raw orientation PVC board cultivation technique, can overcome and hinder suitable kind of soil types of Rhizoma Dioscoreae large area development and landform to limit, labor intensity of gathering is big, easily operation potato block, affect the factors such as storage, change the time-consuming of traditional cultivation, take a lot of work and laborious, the production status of low yield poor efficiency, there is suitable kind of ground wide, knot potato is fast, easily results, the feature that yield etc. are of fine quality, high yield can be realized, high-quality, Efficient Cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of a kind of crops, the implantation methods of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, belong to proportion of crop planting technical field.
Background technology
Rhizoma Dioscoreae is the dry rhizome of Dioscoreaceae plant Rhizoma Dioscoreae Dioscorea opposita Thunb., and its sweet in the mouth, property are flat, enter lung, spleen, kidney channel；The driest oiliness；Have strengthening the spleen and tonifying the lung, stomach reinforcing the kidney invigorating, benefit of reinforcing the kidney essence, hearing-improing and eyesight improving, help the five internal organs, bone and muscle strengthening, long will to calm the nerves, effect of life lengthening；Cure mainly that weakness of the spleen and stomach, lassitude, inappetence, chronic diarrhea and dysentery, insufficiency of lung-QI be dry, phlegm dyspnea cough, kidney qi loss, soreness of the waist and knees, lower limb flaccidity is weak, the red disease such as swollen, fat of frequent micturition of quenching one's thirst, seminal emission premature ejaculation, leukorrhagia nebulousurine, skin.Fresh Chinese yam is a kind of conventional food, can be used as vegetable and eats, and dry Rhizomadioscoreae is medicinal in entering.
Report and utilized Rhizomadioscoreae to process various food, as patent ZL200910223230.3 discloses a kind of method for producing common yam rhizome soy sauce, feature is Rhizomadioscoreae is clean, section, mix with Semen sojae atricolor and admix wheat flour after cooking, its proportion material weight ratio is fresh Rhizomadioscoreae: Semen sojae atricolor: wheat flour is 1.5: 1: 0.4, and after fermenting twice, filter carries and forming；Patent ZL200910115801.1 discloses the preparation technology of a kind of yam convenient porridge；Patent ZL201110163696.6 discloses a kind of method that three bent two enzyme cold fermentation methods brewage Rhizomadioscoreae yellow wine, and patent ZL200810049006.2 discloses a kind of iron rod yam dumplings and preparation thereof.
Traditional Rhizomadioscoreae planting technology needs zanjon plantation and deep-cuts and gather, time-consuming, and easily damages tuber.Application the shallow raw groove directional cultivation technology of Rhizomadioscoreae, hole need not be deep-cut during plantation, but Rhizomadioscoreae is planted on the most horizontal shallow raw groove buried, when gathering only need to simple tool or with the hands push aside table soil.
Patent ZL201010148911.0 discloses a kind of yam planting method, the method is by several for seed overlay film nursery in the middle ten days and the last ten days in March, have terminal bud after growing, to can be used as seedling to transplant, after soil thaws, railway carriage or compartment is played after rake soil, ditching in railway carriage or compartment, in ditch, two row's guide pipes are put in association, are placed in guide pipe by seedling root, seedling is made to expose mouth of pipe 3-5cm, with soil, seedling and guide pipe are fixed, carry out conventional field management, the built as height of seedling 10-20cm, climing the withering completely of the aerial stem of plant of Rhizoma Dioscoreae can be gathered in the crops, dig out guide pipe, take out Rhizoma Dioscoreae,.Patent ZL201010103501.4 discloses a kind of yam planting method, and the step of the method is as follows: a. is standby fertile；B. water；C. illumination is sufficient；D. growing and cultivation；E. water；F. apply fertilizer；G. manage；H. receive and dig；I. collect earth in woven bag or gunnysack to reuse.Invention CN 102687633 B discloses a kind of Chinese yam cultivation method and includes walking as follows
Rapid: 1) by after the soil rotary tillage of farming operation layer, dig out the above topsoil of plough sole in yam planting band, and be deposited in the long side outside growth belt；2) on the plough sole exposed, moving towards perpendicular direction excavation by a long side towards the downward-sloping U shape directional planting groove of another long side along with yam planting band, the angle of inclination is 10～20 °；3) on the U-shaped directional planting groove dug, cover 3-10cm to loosen soil layer, then the farming operation layer soil being stacked at growth belt one long side is backfilled in being covered in growth belt on loose soil layer, form back fill course；4) in the loose soil layer of the high order end of plough sole U-shaped directional planting groove, Rhizoma Dioscoreae seed is sowed.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim at providing the implantation methods of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, this implantation methods have employed shallow raw orientation PVC board cultivation technique, can overcome and hinder suitable kind of soil types of Rhizoma Dioscoreae large area development and landform to limit, labor intensity of gathering operation potato block big, easy, affect the factors such as storage, change traditional cultivation time-consuming, take a lot of work and laborious, the production status of low yield poor efficiency, there is suitable kind ground be wide, knot potato is fast, the easy feature of fine quality such as results, yield, high yield, high-quality, Efficient Cultivation can be realized.
For solving the problems referred to above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the implantation methods of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae, comprises the steps:
(1) seed selection, accelerating germination: select healthy potato kind, the stripping and slicing newly gathered, every piece of potato block weight 80-100g, potato block otch dips in Calx or plant ash, head, in, tail and big fraction stack respectively；Accelerating germination before plantation, by 800 times of immersion kinds 10-15 minute of 25% meter of amide after rinsing with clear water, taking-up is dried, indoor potato block is paved on 15cm thickness bonnet wet Caulis et Folium Oryzae or on smooth furrow face by potato kind paving 10cm after cover fine earth 5-10cm and cover wet Caulis et Folium Oryzae again, can transplant when growing eye, only staying a healthy and strong bud during plantation, remaining is erased；
(2) wholely, trench digging: using single file plantation, every furrow bag furrow width 1.3-1.7m, ditch depth 15-30cm, at the parallel valley of the whole good wide 7-10cm of furrow face excavation, tamp at the bottom of valley after trench digging, mu plants 1400-1600 strain；
(3) shallow raw directional planting: putting into shallow raw orientation PVC board along valley, fill up inserts in valley gutter, valley limit is enriched with earth, labelling is stayed in valley upper end, mark as location target of sowing at the 3-4cm of valley upper end, and place potato kind in mark flat PVC board face, and apply fertilizer, after fertilising, returning earth mulch and live potato kind, smooth furrow face, with lower end, black film mulching furrow face wide for 1cm, 25-30cm open country is stayed in potato Seedling portion, furrow upper end, mulch film mud gland；
(4) topdress: often within 15-25 days, topdress once after neat Seedling, even execute 3-4 time, each every mu of sealing fertilizer 30-50kg, after fertilising, answer earthing；Apply fertilizer after rain or after pouring water, just can apply fertilizer after furrow ditch level；
(5) water management: use conventional water management method, drouth is poured water, the timely draining of two seasons, the quick expanding stage of potato block of JIUYUE to November, keeps ground moistening；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: every mu mixes with water 50-80kg with the red 230-270g of metrifonate 480-520g or match, spray face, Rhizomadioscoreae field control of grubs；Spraying after every mu of use gram demodicid mite gram 180-220g, sulfur colloidal suspending agent 230-270g, carbendazim or thiophanate 90-120g, water 40-60kg mixing, preventing and treating red spider, leaf spot and charcoal are sick；
(7) gathering: when gathering, light blading opens soil layer, is taken out by whole piece potato, retains shallow raw orientation PVC board, under make and in PVC board valley, refill inserts again, return the whole good furrow of soil, plant when favorable season.
Described shallow raw orientation PVC board is different according to Rhizomadioscoreae kind, PVC board is cut into different size, to adapt to Rhizomadioscoreae growth；Described Rhizomadioscoreae kind be spire deep time, shallow raw orientation PVC board specification is long 110-130cm, the plate of wide 5-8cm, Rhizomadioscoreae kind be great Ye deep time, shallow raw orientation PVC board specification is long 110-130cm, the plate of wide 7-10cm.
Described valley is preferably gradient 13-17 °, the U-shaped valley of upper and lower side discrepancy in elevation 25-30cm.
Described inserts is preferably fresh red saprolite or the fresh yellow saprolite that 4-8 mesh sieve is sieved through.
During described shallow raw directional planting, potato kind is placed and fertilizing method is: when placing potato kind, kind of a bud eye is made to be positioned at PVC board centre and upwards be erased by unnecessary eye, every strain sealing fertilizer 18-22g or execute plant ash 180-220kg, decomposed manure 900-1200kg between two valley heads between two valley heads.
During described shallow raw directional planting, Rhizomadioscoreae melanoderma place was had to plant once, after filling up PVC board valley gutter, then at the upper strata lid last layer thin sand containing 45-60% pulverized limestone so that it is separate with mold.
The implantation methods of the present invention, suitable implantation time is with the plantation of " Slight Heat " to " Great Heat " period conveniently, can avoid that typhoon is multiple, high temperature and humidity and disease pest multiple season, effectively reduces times for spraying, prevents rattan leaf excessive growth, beneficially potato block and improve yield；Plant at this implantation time, after preferably collecting time is the New Year's Day of plantation next year, gather May always., planting at this implantation time, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is advisable by the end of September meanwhile.
The implantation methods of the present invention, gets final product built after sowing, and as tradition plantation built, notes can not being inserted on pvc plate valley when slotting hedge bamboo, and a Seedling is only stayed in every strain, and remaining grows i.e. extracts.
The present invention provides the benefit that relative to prior art:
(1) have employed shallow raw orientation PVC board planting technology, near earth's surface constant slope oriented growth knot potato, can overcome and hinder suitable kind of soil types of Rhizoma Dioscoreae large area development and landform to limit, labor intensity of gathering operation potato block big, easy, affect the factors such as storage, change traditional cultivation time-consuming, take a lot of work and laborious, the production status of low yield poor efficiency, there is suitable kind ground be wide, knot potato is fast, the easy feature of fine quality such as results, yield, high yield, high-quality, Efficient Cultivation can be realized；
(2) in the present invention, placement gradient (with the horizontal sextant angle) Degree of Accord Relation the most difficult with plantation and results of shallow raw orientation PVC board is close, gradient is the biggest, the amount of labour used is the most, when gradient is less, the amount of labour used is few and more to play shallow raw day and night temperature big, the advantage that long potato is fast, but gradient the least potato block easily encircles curved, can obtain optimal cultivation effect through the final placement gradient of the present invention obtained of test is repeated several times；
(3) inserts selected shows faintly acid, has the advantages that do not carry disease germs, do not harden, and the technology in conjunction with the present invention can make planting process be prone to carry out, it is thus achieved that the Rhizomadioscoreae product of high-quality；
(4) using implantation methods of the present invention compared with traditional method, per mu yield increases 370-550 kilogram, and produced Rhizoma Dioscoreae French fries neat and consistent is the fullest, smooth, color of the leather is beautiful, and potato block mechanical injury is few, commodity rate height, commodity value height.
Detailed description of the invention
Being described in further details the present invention below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used for the present invention is described, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1 uses following steps to realize implantation methods of the present invention:
(1) seed selection, accelerating germination: select healthy spire remote mountains Mexician scammony kind, the stripping and slicing newly gathered, every piece of potato block weight 100g, potato block otch dips in Calx, head, in, tail and big fraction stack respectively；Accelerating germination before plantation, by 800 times of immersion kinds of 25% meter of amide 10 minutes after rinsing with clear water, taking-up is dried, indoor potato block is paved on 15cm thickness bonnet wet Caulis et Folium Oryzae or on smooth furrow face by potato kind paving 10cm after cover fine earth 5-8cm and cover wet Caulis et Folium Oryzae again, can transplant when growing eye, only staying a healthy and strong bud during plantation, remaining is erased；
(2) wholely, trench digging: using single file plantation, every furrow bag furrow width 1.5m, ditch depth 25cm, at the parallel valley of the whole good wide 8cm of furrow face excavation, tamp at the bottom of valley after trench digging, mu plants 1500 strains；Excavated valley is gradient 15 °, the U-shaped valley of upper and lower side discrepancy in elevation 28cm；
null(3) shallow raw directional planting: plant " Slight Heat " latter 5 days，Prepare long 120cm in advance，The shallow raw orientation PVC board plate of wide 6cm，Shallow raw orientation PVC board is put into along valley，The fresh red saprolite inserts that 6 mesh sieves are sieved through is filled up in valley gutter，Valley limit is enriched with earth，Labelling is stayed in valley upper end，Mark as location target of sowing at the 3cm of valley upper end，And potato kind is placed in mark flat PVC board face，When placing potato kind，Kind of a bud eye is made to be positioned at PVC board centre and upwards be erased by unnecessary eye，Every strain sealing fertilizer 20g or execute plant ash 200kg between two valley heads between two valley heads，Decomposed manure 1000kg，After fertilising，Return earth mulch and live potato kind，Smooth furrow face，With lower end, black film mulching furrow face wide for 1cm，30cm open country is stayed in potato Seedling portion, furrow upper end，Mulch film mud gland；
(4) topdress: within every 20 days, topdress once after neat Seedling, even execute 34 times, each every mu of sealing fertilizer 40kg, after fertilising, answer earthing；Apply fertilizer after rain or after pouring water, just can apply fertilizer after furrow ditch level；
(5) water management: use conventional water management method, drouth is poured water, the timely draining of two seasons, the quick expanding stage of potato block of JIUYUE to November, keeps ground moistening；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: every mu mixes with water 60kg with the red 250g of metrifonate 500g or match by the end of September, spray face, Rhizoma Dioscoreae field control of grubs；Spraying after every mu of use gram demodicid mite gram 200g, sulfur colloidal suspending agent 250g, carbendazim or thiophanate 100g, water 50kg mixing, preventing and treating red spider, leaf spot and charcoal are sick；
(7) gather: open after the New Year's Day of plantation next year and make harvesting, gather May, when gathering always, light blading opens soil layer, is taken out by whole piece potato, retains shallow raw orientation PVC board, under make and in PVC board valley, refill inserts again, return the whole good furrow of soil, plant when favorable season.
Embodiment 2 uses following steps to realize implantation methods of the present invention:
(1) seed selection, accelerating germination: select healthy great Ye remote mountains Mexician scammony kind, the stripping and slicing newly gathered, every piece of potato block weight 80g, potato block otch dips in plant ash, head, in, tail and big fraction stack respectively；Accelerating germination before plantation, by 800 times of immersion kinds of 25% meter of amide 12 minutes after rinsing with clear water, taking-up is dried, indoor potato block is paved on 15cm thickness bonnet wet Caulis et Folium Oryzae or on smooth furrow face by potato kind paving 10cm after cover fine earth 8cm and cover wet Caulis et Folium Oryzae again, can transplant when growing eye, only staying a healthy and strong bud during plantation, remaining is erased；
(2) wholely, trench digging: using single file plantation, every furrow bag furrow width 1.3m, ditch depth 15cm, at the parallel valley of the whole good wide 7cm of furrow face excavation, tamp at the bottom of valley after trench digging, mu plants 1600 strains；Excavated valley is gradient 13 °, the U-shaped valley of upper and lower side discrepancy in elevation 25cm；
null(3) shallow raw directional planting: plant " Slight Heat " latter 8 days，Prepare long 120cm in advance，The shallow raw orientation PVC board plate of wide 8cm，Shallow raw orientation PVC board is put into along valley，The fresh yellow saprolite inserts that 8 mesh sieves are sieved through is filled up in valley gutter，Valley limit is enriched with earth，Labelling is stayed in valley upper end，Mark as location target of sowing at the 4cm of valley upper end，And potato kind is placed in mark flat PVC board face，When placing potato kind，Kind of a bud eye is made to be positioned at PVC board centre and upwards be erased by unnecessary eye，Between two valley heads, every strain is executed compound 22g or executes plant ash 220kg between two valley heads，Decomposed manure 1200kg，After fertilising，Return earth mulch and live potato kind，Smooth furrow face，With lower end, black film mulching furrow face wide for 1cm，25cm open country is stayed in potato Seedling portion, furrow upper end，Mulch film mud gland；
(4) topdress: within every 25 days, topdress once after neat Seedling, even execute 4 times, each every mu of sealing fertilizer 30kg, after fertilising, answer earthing；Apply fertilizer after rain or after pouring water, just can apply fertilizer after furrow ditch level；
(5) water management: use conventional water management method, drouth is poured water, the timely draining of two seasons, the quick expanding stage of potato block of JIUYUE to November, keeps ground moistening；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: every mu mixes with water 50kg with the red 270g of metrifonate 480g or match by the end of September, spray face, Rhizoma Dioscoreae field control of grubs；Spraying after every mu of use gram demodicid mite gram 180g, sulfur colloidal suspending agent 230g, carbendazim or thiophanate 90g, water 40kg mixing, preventing and treating red spider, leaf spot and charcoal are sick；
(7) gather: open after the New Year's Day of plantation next year and make harvesting, gather May, when gathering always, light blading opens soil layer, is taken out by whole piece potato, retains shallow raw orientation PVC board, under make and in PVC board valley, refill inserts again, return the whole good furrow of soil, plant when favorable season.
Embodiment 3 uses following steps to realize implantation methods of the present invention:
(1) seed selection, accelerating germination: select healthy potato kind, the stripping and slicing newly gathered, every piece of potato block weight 100g, potato block otch dips in Calx, head, in, tail and big fraction stack respectively；Accelerating germination before plantation, by 800 times of immersion kinds of 25% meter of amide 15 minutes after rinsing with clear water, taking-up is dried, indoor potato block is paved on 15cm thickness bonnet wet Caulis et Folium Oryzae or on smooth furrow face by potato kind paving 10cm after cover fine earth 10cm and cover wet Caulis et Folium Oryzae again, can transplant when growing eye, only staying a healthy and strong bud during plantation, remaining is erased；
(2) wholely, trench digging: using single file plantation, every furrow bag furrow width 1.7m, ditch depth 30cm, at the parallel valley of the whole good wide 10cm of furrow face excavation, tamp at the bottom of valley after trench digging, mu plants 1400 strains；Excavated valley is gradient 17 °, the U-shaped valley of upper and lower side discrepancy in elevation 30cm；
null(3) shallow raw directional planting: plant " Slight Heat " latter 8 days，Prepare long 120cm in advance，The shallow raw orientation PVC board plate of wide 8cm，Shallow raw orientation PVC board is put into along valley，Fresh red saprolite or fresh yellow saprolite inserts that 4 mesh sieves are sieved through is filled up in valley gutter，Valley limit is enriched with earth，Labelling is stayed in valley upper end，Mark as location target of sowing at the 3cm of valley upper end，And potato kind is placed in mark flat PVC board face，When placing potato kind，Kind of a bud eye is made to be positioned at PVC board centre and upwards be erased by unnecessary eye，Every strain sealing fertilizer 18g or execute plant ash 180kg between two valley heads between two valley heads，Decomposed manure 900kg，After fertilising，Return earth mulch and live potato kind，Smooth furrow face，With lower end, black film mulching furrow face wide for 1cm，25cm open country is stayed in potato Seedling portion, furrow upper end，Mulch film mud gland；
(4) topdress: within every 15 days, topdress once after neat Seedling, even execute 3 times, each every mu of sealing fertilizer 50kg, after fertilising, answer earthing；Apply fertilizer after rain or after pouring water, just can apply fertilizer after furrow ditch level；
(5) water management: use conventional water management method, drouth is poured water, the timely draining of two seasons, the quick expanding stage of potato block of JIUYUE to November, keeps ground moistening；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: every mu mixes with water 80kg with the red 230g of metrifonate 520g or match by the end of September, spray face, Rhizoma Dioscoreae field control of grubs；Spraying after every mu of use gram demodicid mite gram 220g, sulfur colloidal suspending agent 270g, carbendazim or thiophanate 120g, water 60kg mixing, preventing and treating red spider, leaf spot and charcoal are sick；
(7) gather: open after the New Year's Day of plantation next year and make harvesting, gather May, when gathering always, light blading opens soil layer, is taken out by whole piece potato, retains shallow raw orientation PVC board, under make and in PVC board valley, refill inserts again, return the whole good furrow of soil, plant when favorable season.
Claims (1)
1. a yam planting method, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
(1) seed selection, accelerating germination: select healthy potato kind, the stripping and slicing newly gathered, every piece of potato block weight 80g, potato block otch dips in Calx or plant ash, head, in, tail and big fraction stack respectively；Accelerating germination before plantation, by 800 times of immersion kinds of 25% meter of amide 12 minutes after rinsing with clear water, taking-up is dried, indoor potato block is paved on 15cm thickness bonnet wet Caulis et Folium Oryzae or on smooth furrow face by potato kind paving 10cm after cover fine earth 8cm and cover wet Caulis et Folium Oryzae again, can transplant when growing eye, only staying a healthy and strong bud during plantation, remaining is erased；
(2) wholely, trench digging: using single file plantation, every furrow bag furrow width 1.3m, ditch depth 15cm, at the parallel valley of the whole good wide 10cm of furrow face excavation, tamp at the bottom of valley after trench digging, mu plants 1600 strains；
(3) shallow raw directional planting: putting into shallow raw orientation PVC board along valley, fill up the fresh yellow saprolite inserts that 8 mesh sieves are sieved through in valley gutter, valley limit is enriched with earth, labelling is stayed in valley upper end, mark as location target of sowing at the 4cm of valley upper end, and place potato kind in mark flat PVC board face, and apply fertilizer, after fertilising, returning earth mulch and live potato kind, smooth furrow face, with lower end, black film mulching furrow face wide for 1cm, 25cm open country is stayed in potato Seedling portion, furrow upper end, mulch film mud gland；
(4) topdress: within every 25 days, topdress once after neat Seedling, even execute 4 times, each every mu of sealing fertilizer 30kg, after fertilising, answer earthing；Apply fertilizer after rain or after pouring water, just can apply fertilizer after furrow ditch level；
(5) water management: use conventional water management method, drouth is poured water, the timely draining of two seasons, the quick expanding stage of potato block of JIUYUE to November, keeps ground moistening；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: every mu mixes with water 50kg with the red 270g of metrifonate 480g or match, spray face, Rhizoma Dioscoreae field control of grubs；Every mu of use gram demodicid mite gram 180g and sulfur colloidal suspending agent 230g and carbendazim or thiophanate 90g and water 40kg spray after mixing, and preventing and treating red spider, leaf spot and charcoal are sick；
(7) gathering: when gathering, light blading opens soil layer, is taken out by whole piece potato, retains shallow raw orientation PVC board, under make and in PVC board valley, refill inserts again, return the whole good furrow of soil, plant when favorable season；
Described shallow raw orientation PVC board is different according to yam variety, PVC board is cut into different size, to adapt to Rhizoma Dioscoreae growth；Described yam variety be spire deep time, shallow raw orientation PVC board specification is long 110-130cm, the plate of wide 5-8cm, yam variety be great Ye deep time, shallow raw orientation PVC board specification is long 110-130cm, the plate of wide 7-10cm；
Described valley is gradient 13-17 °, the U-shaped valley of upper and lower side discrepancy in elevation 25-30cm；
Described inserts be 8 mesh sieves be sieved through fresh red saprolite or fresh yellow saprolite；
During described shallow raw directional planting, potato kind is placed and fertilizing method is: when placing potato kind, kind of a bud eye is made to be positioned at PVC board centre and upwards be erased by unnecessary eye, every strain sealing fertilizer 18-22g or execute plant ash 180-220kg, decomposed manure 900-1200kg between two valley heads between two valley heads；
During described shallow raw directional planting, Rhizoma Dioscoreae melanoderma place was had to plant once, after filling up PVC board valley gutter, then at the upper strata lid last layer thin sand containing 45-60% pulverized limestone so that it is separate with mold.
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