CN109496745A - A kind of vertical box-type culture method in Chinese yam ground - Google Patents
A kind of vertical box-type culture method in Chinese yam ground Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496745A CN109496745A CN201811502346.6A CN201811502346A CN109496745A CN 109496745 A CN109496745 A CN 109496745A CN 201811502346 A CN201811502346 A CN 201811502346A CN 109496745 A CN109496745 A CN 109496745A
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- chinese yam
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- cabinet
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of vertical box-type culture methods in Chinese yam ground, specifically include: the 1. selection and arrangement in soil；2. making column frame；3. playing column frame；4. branch cabinet；5. sowing, fertilising；6. field management；7. harvesting；8. template recycles, Chinese yam carries out in vertical cabinet from plantation to mature whole process, overcomes the problems, such as each in existing yam cultivation technology.The present invention is low to soil and site requirements when planting Chinese yam, and yield is high, and commodity is good, and harvesting is convenient and easily promotes, and has very high Social benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of vertical box-type culture method in Chinese yam ground.
Background technique
Chinese yam is called RHIIZOMA DIOSCOREAE from Henan of China, Chinese yam rhizome, native potato, sweet potato etc., is herbaceos perennial, and vines are raw, often band purple, block
Root is cylindrical, and leaf is to life, elliptical or oval shape, flower milky, dioecism.Chinese yam root tuber is starch-containing and protein etc. at
Point, have the effects that nourishing cell, reinforcing endocrine, help is strong, enhances body hematopoiesis function, while can also induce interference
Element improves body's immunity, improves disease resistance etc., is a kind of dual-purpose of drug and food to anti-aging process important role
Health-care vegetable, market conditions are good, and plantation efficiency is high, and the market demand is very big.
The plantation of Chinese yam at present is still using based on traditional cultivation method, since Chinese yam root tuber has the spy grown downwards
Property, it is high to soil depth requirement when being cultivated using conventional method, there are problems that selection of land is difficult, harvesting is difficult and easy damaged, especially
The area shallower for some soil layers, is even more unable to satisfy the requirement of yam cultivation, secondly, after Chinese yam harvesting, sole potato, bifurcated
Potato, pimple potato and damaged potato are more, the commodity and economy of Chinese yam are greatly reduced, in addition, in the planting process of Chinese yam
The links such as sowing, management and harvesting take time and effort, and recruitment is more, high labor cost, and the yield and quality of Chinese yam is bad, influences mountain
The development of medicine plant industry.As Chinese yam plants the development of industry, many machinery or method for being directed to yam cultivation are invented, as Chinese yam opens
Ditch cropper, Chinese yam plant punch, and Chinese yam plants pipeline, casing or half-covering tube, and Chinese yam plants guiding groove, and Chinese yam plants water-retention root-control bag
A degree of facilitation is played to the raising of yam cultivation technology Deng, these research achievements, but in the production of Chinese yam reality
It tramples middle application and still has various restrictive conditions.Therefore, it develops a kind of pair of soil and site requirements is low, yield
Height, commodity is good, and harvesting Chinese yam that is convenient and easily promoting, vertical box-type culture method is desirability on the ground.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of pair of soil and site requirements
Low, yield is high, and commodity is good, harvests Chinese yam that is convenient and easily promoting vertical box-type culture method on the ground.
A kind of vertical box-type culture method in Chinese yam ground, comprising the following steps:
1. the selection and arrangement in soil: selection sandy loam or red soil, the soil without thin miscellaneous stone, and twice are carried out to soil and are turned over
It ploughs, keeps upturned soil sufficiently fine crushing, spread fertilizer over the fields insecticide and fertilizer before turning over；
2. production column frame: column frame includes No.1 column, No. two columns and drag link, and No.1 column and No. two column intervals are perpendicular
Straight parallel arrangement, drag link are arranged between No.1 column and No. two columns；
3. playing column frame: drawing parallel lines according to plot topography, line-spacing is successively carried out according to small one and large one when drawing parallel lines, wide row space
For 115~135cm, small line-spacing is 20~30cm, and the No.1 column of column frame and No. two columns are individually positioned in composition
In the two lines of small row, column frame is squeezed into soil after placing, and is made its fixation, is then successively existed in the same way
Other column frames are fixed in small row, are 80~100cm along the distance between the two adjacent upright frame on the length direction of small row；
4. branch cabinet: being a cabinet space, cabinet along the space between the two adjacent upright frame on the length direction of small row
The surrounding in space uses one piece of whole plate template, one piece of piecemeal template and two pieces of plank sealings, specific connection type are as follows: adjacent respectively
It is connected between two No.1 columns using one piece of whole plate template, is connected between adjacent two No. two columns using one piece of piecemeal template, point
Block template includes cope plate, middle template and three layers of lower template, and cope plate, middle template and the respective both ends of lower template are respectively with two
Number column slides up and down connection, is connected between the No.1 column of same column frame and No. two columns using plank, cabinet Zhi Haohou,
By step 1. in the soil turned over be backfilling into cabinet, when the soil surface of backfill is away from 5~10cm of cabinet upper end；
5. sowing, fertilising: seeds before seeding carries out disinfection processing, with 600~800 times the seed soaking of liquid carbendazim 5~6 hours, broadcast
When kind, two rows are sowed along the length direction of cabinet in each cabinet, 8~12cm of line-spacing, 8~12cm of spacing in the rows after planting press 2000
~3000kg/ mus of amount organic fertilizer carries out lid kind, then spreads fertilizer over the fields compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, most rear cover by 20~40kg/ mus of amount
Soil, thickness of soil are 5~10cm；
6. field management: Chinese yam emergence after built draws climing, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control by Chinese yam conventional cultivation method into
Row；
7. harvesting: after Chinese yam is mature, first removing Chinese yam branches and tendrils, rattan support, the piecemeal template of cabinet is successively taken out from top to bottom
Out, Chinese yam can be extracted by drawing the intracorporal soil of case, and when soil digging is careful not to hurt Chinese yam；
8. template recycles next time: the piecemeal template of extraction being recycled, carries out that its time being inserted on cabinet when Chinese yam plantation
Can carry out again using.
Further, step 1. in, No.1 column is angle steel or steel pipe, and No. two columns are the channel steel with double groove,
And the direction of two slots of channel steel is vertical with drag link, drag link is round steel, and the quantity of drag link is two, and one is connected to two
Top between column, a lower part being connected between two columns, and the bottom end 25cm from column, No.1 column and No. two are vertical
The height of column is 115~135cm, and the length of drag link is 20~30cm.
Further, the specification of angle steel is 3cm × 3cm, and the outer diameter of steel pipe is 2cm, and the diameter of drag link is 6mm.
Further, step 1. in, insecticide, which is that peace is vertical, to go out or chlopyrifos, spreads fertilizer over the fields by 2~3kg/ mus of amount, fertilizer is
Compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields by 45~55kg/ mus of amount.
Further, step 3. in, if plot topography is flat, by plot length direction cross, if plot be slope
Ground, then the slope aspect along hillside fields is crossed.
Further, step 4. in, backfill soil before, in the inside laying plastic of two pieces of templates.
Further, step 4. in, when the intracorporal amount of banketing of case reaches the 2/3 of the always amount of banketing, once watered, made
Soil is further continued for backfill soil after implementing.
Further, step 4. in, the piecemeal module of each cabinet is towards same orientation.
It is that the present invention generates the utility model has the advantages that being provided with continuous vertical cabinet in the present invention plants Chinese yam, utilize Chinese yam
The characteristic that stem tuber is grown downwards, upper end of the Chinese yam inside vertical cabinet, soil thickness, can be with up to more than 100 centimetres in cabinet
Soil thickness needed for meeting the longitudinal growth downwards of Chinese yam, the intracorporal soil of case is backfill soil in addition, and quality is more loose, block
Stem nematode resistance is small, and stem tuber is easily straight smooth, is conducive to the growth of Chinese yam stem tuber；Secondly, the shade tolerance of Chinese yam is utilized, every
More plants of Chinese yams are planted in a cabinet, are cooperated the cultivation technique of wide-and narrow-row, that is, are increased the planting density of Chinese yam, and can meet Chinese yam
Illumination needed for growth improves the photosynthesis of Chinese yam, and then improves the yield of Chinese yam；In addition, the vertical cabinet in the present invention
Entire cabinet is on ground, is conducive to heat absorption on Chinese yam daytime and is radiated at night, can form biggish day and night temperature, and daytime
The night temperature difference is conducive to greatly the accumulation of nutritive yam substance, can promote Chinese yam stem tuber and expands, achievees the purpose that volume increase；Finally, this hair
It is bright to plant that soil is of less demanding, and when harvesting only extract piecemeal template out, and Chinese yam can be pulled out by drawing the intracorporal soil of case to Chinese yam
Out, the integrality and commodity that ensure that Chinese yam to the full extent, improve the economy of Chinese yam, and cabinet is reusable, have
Long-time service and cost savings when conducive to Chinese yam plantation.The present invention is low to soil and site requirements when planting Chinese yam, yield
Height, commodity is good, and harvesting is convenient and easily promotes, and has very high Social benefit and economic benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of column frame and cabinet of the present invention.
In figure: 1- No.1 column, No. bis- columns of 2-, 3- drag link, 4- whole plate template, 5- cope plate, template in 6-, under 7-
Template, 8- plank.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but the present invention is limited in any way,
Based on present invention teach that it is made it is any transform or replace, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The vertical box-type culture method in the ground of Chinese yam described in the present embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:
1. the selection and arrangement in soil: selection sandy loam or red soil, the soil without thin miscellaneous stone, and twice are carried out to soil and are turned over
It ploughs, keeps upturned soil sufficiently fine crushing, insecticide and fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields before turning over, the subterranean pest-insects such as control of grubs, when reality is planted, No.1 is vertical
Column 1 is angle steel or steel pipe, and No. two columns 2 are the channel steel with double groove, and the direction of two slots of channel steel is vertical with drag link,
Drag link 3 is round steel, and the quantity of drag link 3 is two, and a top being connected between two columns, one is connected to two columns
Between lower part, the height of and the bottom end 25cm from column, No.1 column 1 and No. two columns 2 are 115cm, the length of drag link 3
For 20cm, the specification of angle steel is 3cm × 3cm, and the outer diameter of steel pipe is 2cm, and the diameter of round steel is 6mm, insecticide be peace it is vertical go out or
Chlopyrifos is spread fertilizer over the fields by 2kg/ mus of amount, and fertilizer is compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, is spread fertilizer over the fields by 45kg/ mus of amount.
2. production column frame: column frame includes 1, No. two column 2 of No.1 column and drag link 3, and No.1 column 1 and No. two are stood
Column 2 is spaced vertical parallel arrangement, and drag link 3 is arranged between No.1 column 1 and No. two columns 2, in order to save cost, prepares old
The column frame made and ready tank material are transported to Chinese yam and planted by the material of template and old plank as production cabinet
Place.
3. playing column frame: drawing parallel lines according to plot topography, if plot topography is flat, drawn by the length direction in plot
Line, if plot is hillside fields, the slope aspect along hillside fields is crossed, and line-spacing is successively carried out according to small one and large one when drawing parallel lines, big row
Away from for 115cm, small line-spacing is 20cm, is individually positioned in and constitutes small row the No.1 column 1 of one column frame and No. two columns 2
In two lines, column frame is squeezed into soil after placing, and the depth squeezed into soil can be determined according to practical soil property situation, with solid
It is fixed securely subject to, other column frames are then successively fixed in small row in the same way, on the length direction along small row
The distance between two adjacent upright frame is 80~100cm.
4. branch cabinet: it is a cabinet space along the space between the two adjacent upright frame on the length direction of small row,
The surrounding of cabinet space uses one piece of whole plate template, 4, one pieces of piecemeal templates and two pieces of planks 8 to seal respectively, specific connection type
Are as follows: it is connected between adjacent two No.1s column 1 using one piece of whole plate template 4, one piece of piecemeal mould is used between adjacent two No. two columns
Plate connection, piecemeal template include cope plate 5, middle template 6 and 7 three layers of lower template, and cope plate 5, middle template 6 and lower template 7 are respective
Both ends slide up and down and connect with No. two columns 2 respectively, used between the No.1 column 1 of same column frame and No. two columns 2
Plank connects, and is vertically provided with the groove matched with piecemeal template on No. two columns 2, the both ends of piecemeal template are inserted into respectively
In the groove of adjacent two No. two columns 2, the piecemeal module of each cabinet is towards same orientation, cabinet Zhi Haohou, by step
1. the soil turned in is backfilling into cabinet, when being banketed, is picked and is mingled with the sundries such as stone in the soil, in cabinet
The amount of banketing when reaching the 2/3 of the always amount of banketing, once watered, backfill soil be further continued for after implementing soil, when backfill
Soil surface, in the inside laying plastic of two pieces of templates, prevents soil and template before backfilling soil away from cabinet upper end 5cm
Contact, prevention template are rotted, and are extended template service life, are reduced production cost.
5. sowing, fertilising: seeds before seeding carries out disinfection processing, with 600 times the seed soaking of liquid carbendazim 5 hours, when sowing,
Two rows are sowed along the length direction of cabinet in each cabinet, line-spacing 8cm, spacing in the rows 8cm have after planting been applied by 2000kg/ mus of amount
Machine fertilizer carries out lid kind, then spreads fertilizer over the fields compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, last blinding, thickness of soil 5cm by 20kg/ mus of amount.
6. field management: built draws climing, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control after Chinese yam emergence press the conventional cultivation side of Chinese yam
Method carries out.
In built draws climing, stand and bracing wire are planted in tank ends, the tendril net of string 2.5m high on iron wire, every 3m branch
One herringbone stand, stand can use bamboo and wood materials, it is desirable that and it is solid secured, it overwhelms or breaks in order to avoid branches and tendrils are overweight, cause to lodge
Ventilation and penetrating light is influenced, increases disease and causes the underproduction, the timely draws climing restocking of rack Zhi Haohou, and it is below to extract 30 ㎝ of main stem
Lateral bine prevents branches and tendrils excessive, influences ventilation and penetrating light.
In water and fertilizer management, entire growth period will guarantee sufficient moisture content supply, the mode of trickle irrigation can be used, stem tuber is swollen
The big phase will keep ground moistening, primary every fertilising in 20 days after Chinese yam lamina, apply 3 times altogether, apply 15 ㎏ water solubility sulphur per acre every time
Sour K composite fertilizer, middle and later periods combine diseases prevention, spray 2 foliar fertilizers, prevent plant early ageing.
In the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the insect pest of Chinese yam mainly has root-knot nematode and mounts Scarabaeiform, can be with intending 1000 times of liquid of pale purple green rosy clouds
Pouring root prevention and treatment, disease is mainly anthracnose and phytophthora root rot, can with 20% safe and sound 600 times of liquid of raw wettable powder, 10% generation height can
The 2000 times of liquid rotations of 1500 times of liquid of wet powder or 25% P applied levels missible oil spray.
7. harvesting: after Chinese yam is mature, first remove Chinese yam branches and tendrils, rattan support, the piecemeal template of cabinet from top to bottom according to
Secondary extraction, Chinese yam can be extracted by drawing the intracorporal soil of case, and when soil digging is careful not to hurt Chinese yam, be planted next time
Before, insecticide and waste material are sprinkling upon on the soil dug out out of cabinet, are uniformly mixed it with soil, then is backfilling into cabinet i.e.
It can be planted again.
8. template recycles: the piecemeal template of extraction being recycled, its time is inserted in case when carrying out Chinese yam plantation next time
Can be carried out again on body using.
It is tested for many years, this method is relatively easy to the harvesting of Chinese yam, and it is time saving and energy saving, compared with traditional cultivation method, need
The soil side to be dug out amount is few, and when soil digging earth, only digs out the intracorporal soil of case, is more convenient more labor-saving, and recruitment is 6~8
People/mu is the 1/4 of traditional cultivation method；The plantation density of Chinese yam is big in the present invention, per acre sow 8500 plants or so, yield compared with
Height can reach 4.2 times of shallow raw slot cultivation technique；It is of less demanding to soil, using the mode banketed in ground branch case, case,
Artificial create is suitable for soil layer needed for Chinese yam production.In conclusion the vertical box-type culture technology in Chinese yam ground, is one simple easy
The Efficient Cultivation mode of popularization, can effectively solve Chinese yam plant present in selection of land is tight, deep to soil layer requirement, harvesting is difficult, recruitment is more,
The problem of easy damaged, is worthy to be popularized and uses.
Embodiment 2:
The vertical box-type culture method in the ground of Chinese yam described in the present embodiment 2, comprising the following steps:
1. the selection and arrangement in soil: selection sandy loam or red soil, the soil without thin miscellaneous stone, and twice are carried out to soil and are turned over
It ploughs, keeps upturned soil sufficiently fine crushing, insecticide and fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields before turning over, the subterranean pest-insects such as control of grubs, when reality is planted, No.1 is vertical
Column 1 is angle steel or steel pipe, and No. two columns 2 are the channel steel with double groove, and the direction of two slots of channel steel is vertical with drag link,
Drag link 3 is round steel, and the quantity of drag link 3 is two, and a top being connected between two columns, one is connected to two columns
Between lower part, the height of and the bottom end 25cm from column, No.1 column 1 and No. two columns 2 are 125cm, the length of drag link 3
For 20cm, the specification of angle steel is 3cm × 3cm, and the outer diameter of steel pipe is 2cm, and the diameter of round steel is 6mm, insecticide be peace it is vertical go out or
Chlopyrifos is spread fertilizer over the fields by 2.5kg/ mus of amount, and fertilizer is compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, is spread fertilizer over the fields by 50kg/ mus of amount.
2. production column frame: column frame includes 1, No. two column 2 of No.1 column and drag link 3, and No.1 column 1 and No. two are stood
Column 2 is spaced vertical parallel arrangement, and drag link 3 is arranged between No.1 column 1 and No. two columns 2, in order to save cost, prepares old
The column frame made and ready tank material are transported to Chinese yam and planted by the material of template and old plank as production cabinet
Place.
3. playing column frame: drawing parallel lines according to plot topography, if plot topography is flat, drawn by the length direction in plot
Line, if plot is hillside fields, the slope aspect along hillside fields is crossed, and line-spacing is successively carried out according to small one and large one when drawing parallel lines, big row
Away from for 125cm, small line-spacing is 25cm, is individually positioned in and constitutes small row the No.1 column 1 of one column frame and No. two columns 2
In two lines, column frame is squeezed into soil after placing, and the depth squeezed into soil can be determined according to practical soil property situation, with solid
It is fixed securely subject to, other column frames are then successively fixed in small row in the same way, on the length direction along small row
The distance between two adjacent upright frame is 90cm.
4. branch cabinet: it is a cabinet space along the space between the two adjacent upright frame on the length direction of small row,
The surrounding of cabinet space uses one piece of whole plate template, 4, one pieces of piecemeal templates and two pieces of planks 8 to seal respectively, specific connection type
Are as follows: it is connected between adjacent two No.1s column 1 using one piece of whole plate template 4, one piece of piecemeal mould is used between adjacent two No. two columns
Plate connection, piecemeal template include cope plate 5, middle template 6 and 7 three layers of lower template, and cope plate 5, middle template 6 and lower template 7 are respective
Both ends slide up and down and connect with No. two columns 2 respectively, used between the No.1 column 1 of same column frame and No. two columns 2
Plank connects, and is vertically provided with the groove matched with piecemeal template on No. two columns 2, the both ends of piecemeal template are inserted into respectively
In the groove of adjacent two No. two columns 2, the both ends of piecemeal template are inserted into respectively in the groove of two root posts, each cabinet
Piecemeal module is towards same orientation, cabinet Zhi Haohou, by step 1. in the soil turned over be backfilling into cabinet, filled out
It when native, pick and is mingled with the sundries such as stone in the soil, when the intracorporal amount of banketing of case reaches the 2/3 of the always amount of banketing, carry out primary
Watering is further continued for backfill soil after implementing soil, when the soil surface of backfill is away from cabinet upper end 8cm, before backfilling soil,
In the inside laying plastic of two pieces of templates, soil and template contacts are prevented, prevention template is rotted, and extends template service life, drop
Low production cost.
5. sowing, fertilising: seeds before seeding carries out disinfection processing, is soaked seed 5.5 hours with 700 times of liquid carbendazim, sows
When, the interior length direction along cabinet of each cabinet sows two rows, and line-spacing 10cm, spacing in the rows 10cm after planting press 2500kg/ mus of amount
Organic fertilizer carries out lid kind, then spreads fertilizer over the fields compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, last blinding, thickness of soil 8cm by 30kg/ mus of amount.
6. field management: built draws climing, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control after Chinese yam emergence press the conventional cultivation side of Chinese yam
Method carries out.
In built draws climing, stand and bracing wire are planted in tank ends, the tendril net of string 2.8m high on iron wire, every 3.5m
One herringbone stand of branch, stand can use bamboo and wood materials, it is desirable that and it is solid secured, it overwhelms or breaks in order to avoid branches and tendrils are overweight, cause down
Volt influences ventilation and penetrating light, increases disease and causes the underproduction, the timely draws climing restocking of rack Zhi Haohou, and extracts 30 ㎝ or less of main stem
Lateral bine, prevent complicated and confused excessive, influence ventilation and penetrating light.
In water and fertilizer management, entire growth period will guarantee sufficient moisture content supply, the mode of trickle irrigation can be used, stem tuber is swollen
The big phase will keep ground moistening, primary every fertilising in 25 days after Chinese yam lamina, apply 4 times altogether, apply 18 ㎏ water solubility sulphur per acre every time
Sour K composite fertilizer, middle and later periods combine diseases prevention, spray 3 foliar fertilizers, prevent plant early ageing.
In the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the insect pest of Chinese yam mainly has root-knot nematode and mounts Scarabaeiform, can be with intending 1000 times of liquid of pale purple green rosy clouds
Pouring root prevention and treatment, disease is mainly anthracnose and phytophthora root rot, can with 20% safe and sound 600 times of liquid of raw wettable powder, 10% generation height can
The 2000 times of liquid rotations of 1500 times of liquid of wet powder or 25% P applied levels missible oil spray.
7. harvesting: after Chinese yam is mature, first remove Chinese yam branches and tendrils, rattan support, the piecemeal template of cabinet from top to bottom according to
Secondary extraction, Chinese yam can be extracted by drawing the intracorporal soil of case, and when soil digging is careful not to hurt Chinese yam, be planted next time
Before, insecticide and waste material are sprinkling upon on the soil dug out out of cabinet, are uniformly mixed it with soil, then is backfilling into cabinet i.e.
It can be planted again.
8. template recycles: the piecemeal template of extraction being recycled, its time is inserted in case when carrying out Chinese yam plantation next time
Can be carried out again on body using.
It is tested for many years, this method is relatively easy to the harvesting of Chinese yam, and it is time saving and energy saving, compared with traditional cultivation method, need
The soil side to be dug out amount is few, and when soil digging earth, only digs out the intracorporal soil of case, is more convenient more labor-saving, and recruitment is 6~8
People/mu is the 1/4 of traditional cultivation method；The plantation density of Chinese yam is big in the present invention, per acre sow 8800 plants or so, yield compared with
Height can reach 4.5 times of shallow raw slot cultivation technique；It is of less demanding to soil, using the mode banketed in ground branch case, case,
Artificial create is suitable for soil layer needed for Chinese yam production.In conclusion the vertical box-type culture technology in Chinese yam ground, is one simple easy
The Efficient Cultivation mode of popularization, can effectively solve Chinese yam plant present in selection of land is tight, deep to soil layer requirement, harvesting is difficult, recruitment is more,
The problem of easy damaged, is worthy to be popularized and uses.
Embodiment 3:
The vertical box-type culture method in the ground of Chinese yam described in the present embodiment 3, comprising the following steps:
1. the selection and arrangement in soil: selection sandy loam or red soil, the soil without thin miscellaneous stone, and twice are carried out to soil and are turned over
It ploughs, keeps upturned soil sufficiently fine crushing, insecticide and fertilizer are spread fertilizer over the fields before turning over, the subterranean pest-insects such as control of grubs, when reality is planted, No.1 is vertical
Column 1 is angle steel or steel pipe, and No. two columns 2 are the channel steel with double groove, and the direction of two slots of channel steel is vertical with drag link,
Drag link 3 is round steel, and the quantity of drag link 3 is two, and a top being connected between two columns, one is connected to two columns
Between lower part, the height of and the bottom end 25cm from column, No.1 column 1 and No. two columns 2 are 135cm, the length of drag link 3
For 20cm, the specification of angle steel is 3cm × 3cm, and the outer diameter of steel pipe is 2cm, and the diameter of round steel is 6mm, insecticide be peace it is vertical go out or
Chlopyrifos is spread fertilizer over the fields by 3kg/ mus of amount, and fertilizer is compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, is spread fertilizer over the fields by 55kg/ mus of amount.
2. production column frame: column frame includes 1, No. two column 2 of No.1 column and drag link 3, and No.1 column 1 and No. two are stood
Column 2 is spaced vertical parallel arrangement, and drag link 3 is arranged between No.1 column 1 and No. two columns 2, in order to save cost, prepares old
The column frame made and ready tank material are transported to Chinese yam and planted by the material of template and old plank as production cabinet
Place.
3. playing column frame: drawing parallel lines according to plot topography, if plot topography is flat, drawn by the length direction in plot
Line, if plot is hillside fields, the slope aspect along hillside fields is crossed, and line-spacing is successively carried out according to small one and large one when drawing parallel lines, big row
Away from for 135cm, small line-spacing is 30cm, is individually positioned in and constitutes small row the No.1 column 1 of one column frame and No. two columns 2
In two lines, column frame is squeezed into soil after placing, and the depth squeezed into soil can be determined according to practical soil property situation, with solid
It is fixed securely subject to, other column frames are then successively fixed in small row in the same way, on the length direction along small row
The distance between two adjacent upright frame is 100cm.
4. branch cabinet: it is a cabinet space along the space between the two adjacent upright frame on the length direction of small row,
The surrounding of cabinet space uses one piece of whole plate template, 4, one pieces of piecemeal templates and two pieces of planks 8 to seal respectively, specific connection type
Are as follows: it is connected between adjacent two No.1s column 1 using one piece of whole plate template 4, one piece of piecemeal mould is used between adjacent two No. two columns
Plate connection, piecemeal template include cope plate 5, middle template 6 and 7 three layers of lower template, and cope plate 5, middle template 6 and lower template 7 are respective
Both ends slide up and down and connect with No. two columns 2 respectively, used between the No.1 column 1 of same column frame and No. two columns 2
Plank connects, and is vertically provided with the groove matched with piecemeal template on No. two columns 2, the both ends of piecemeal template are inserted into respectively
In the groove of adjacent two No. two columns 2, the piecemeal module of each cabinet is towards same orientation, cabinet Zhi Haohou, by step
1. the soil turned in is backfilling into cabinet, when being banketed, is picked and is mingled with the sundries such as stone in the soil, in cabinet
The amount of banketing when reaching the 2/3 of the always amount of banketing, once watered, backfill soil be further continued for after implementing soil, when backfill
Soil surface, in the inside laying plastic of two pieces of templates, prevents soil and template before backfilling soil away from cabinet upper end 10cm
Contact, prevention template are rotted, and are extended template service life, are reduced production cost.
5. sowing, fertilising: seeds before seeding carries out disinfection processing, with 800 times the seed soaking of liquid carbendazim 6 hours, when sowing,
Two rows are sowed along the length direction of cabinet in each cabinet, line-spacing 12cm, spacing in the rows 12cm are after planting applied by 3000kg/ mus of amount
Organic fertilizer carries out lid kind, then spreads fertilizer over the fields compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, last blinding, thickness of soil 10cm by 40kg/ mus of amount.
6. field management: built draws climing, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control after Chinese yam emergence press the conventional cultivation side of Chinese yam
Method carries out.
In built draws climing, stand and bracing wire are planted in tank ends, the tendril net of string 3m high on iron wire props up one every 4m
A herringbone stand, stand can use bamboo and wood materials, it is desirable that and it is solid securely to overwhelm or break in order to avoid branches and tendrils are overweight, cause lodging shadow
Ventilation and penetrating light is rung, increases disease and causes the underproduction, the timely draws climing restocking of rack Zhi Haohou, and extract the side below 30 ㎝ of main stem
It is climing, it prevents branches and tendrils excessive, influences ventilation and penetrating light.
In water and fertilizer management, entire growth period will guarantee sufficient moisture content supply, the mode of trickle irrigation can be used, stem tuber is swollen
The big phase will keep ground moistening, primary every fertilising in 30 days after Chinese yam lamina, apply 3 times altogether, apply 20 ㎏ water solubility sulphur per acre every time
Sour K composite fertilizer, middle and later periods combine diseases prevention, spray 3 foliar fertilizers, prevent plant early ageing.
In the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the insect pest of Chinese yam mainly has root-knot nematode and mounts Scarabaeiform, can be with intending 1000 times of liquid of pale purple green rosy clouds
Pouring root prevention and treatment, disease is mainly anthracnose and phytophthora root rot, can with 20% safe and sound 600 times of liquid of raw wettable powder, 10% generation height can
The 2000 times of liquid rotations of 1500 times of liquid of wet powder or 25% P applied levels missible oil spray.
7. harvesting: after Chinese yam is mature, first remove Chinese yam branches and tendrils, rattan support, the piecemeal template of cabinet from top to bottom according to
Secondary extraction, Chinese yam can be extracted by drawing the intracorporal soil of case, and when soil digging is careful not to hurt Chinese yam, be planted next time
Before, insecticide and waste material are sprinkling upon on the soil dug out out of cabinet, are uniformly mixed it with soil, then is backfilling into cabinet i.e.
It can be planted again.
8. template recycles: the piecemeal template of extraction being recycled, its time is inserted in case when carrying out Chinese yam plantation next time
Can be carried out again on body using.
It is tested for many years, this method is relatively easy to the harvesting of Chinese yam, and it is time saving and energy saving, compared with traditional cultivation method, need
The soil side to be dug out amount is few, and when soil digging earth, only digs out the intracorporal soil of case, is more convenient more labor-saving, and recruitment is 6~8
People/mu is the 1/4 of traditional cultivation method；The plantation density of Chinese yam is big in the present invention, per acre sow 9000 plants or so, yield compared with
Height can reach 4.8 times of shallow raw slot cultivation technique；It is of less demanding to soil, using the mode banketed in ground branch case, case,
Artificial create is suitable for soil layer needed for Chinese yam production.In conclusion the vertical box-type culture technology in Chinese yam ground, is one simple easy
The Efficient Cultivation mode of popularization, can effectively solve Chinese yam plant present in selection of land is tight, deep to soil layer requirement, harvesting is difficult, recruitment is more,
The problem of easy damaged, is worthy to be popularized and uses.
When planting Chinese yam using the method for above-described embodiment 1~3, used ground vertical cabinet, Chinese yam from plantation at
Ripe whole process carries out in vertical cabinet, increases the adaptability of Chinese yam plant, and the soil that Chinese yam is loose in cabinet
In grow downwards, stem tuber is more straight, and surface is smooth, and abnormal rate is lower, and Chinese yam appearance is preferable, harvest Chinese yam when, only need to be by piecemeal mould
Plate extraction, then the intracorporal soil of case is dug out, so that it may Chinese yam is easily harvested, the excacation of Chinese yam is greatly reduced and is digging
The probability that Chinese yam is damaged and fractureed during pick improves the quality of Chinese yam to guarantee the integrality of Chinese yam, and the present invention is easy
Operation is easily promoted, and is Chinese yam scale compartmentalization, the active path of high-efficiency intensifying plantation.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of vertical box-type culture method in Chinese yam ground, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
1. the selection and arrangement in soil: selection sandy loam or red soil, the soil without thin miscellaneous stone, and twice are carried out to soil and are turned over
It ploughs, keeps upturned soil sufficiently fine crushing, spread fertilizer over the fields insecticide and fertilizer before turning over；
2. making column frame: the column frame includes No.1 column (1), No. two columns (2) and drag link (3), No.1 column (1)
With No. two vertical parallel arrangements in column (2) interval, drag link (3) is arranged between No.1 column (1) and No. two columns (2)；
3. playing column frame: drawing parallel lines according to plot topography, line-spacing is successively carried out according to small one and large one when drawing parallel lines, wide row space
For 115~135cm, small line-spacing is 20~30cm, and the No.1 column (1) of column frame and No. two columns (2) are placed respectively
In the two lines for constituting small row, column frame is squeezed into soil after placing, and makes its fixation, then in the same way
Other column frames are successively fixed in small row, along the distance between two adjacent upright frame on the length direction of small row for 80~
100cm；
4. branch cabinet: being a cabinet space, the case along the space between the two adjacent upright frame on small row length direction
The surrounding in body space uses one piece of whole plate template (4), one piece of piecemeal template and two pieces of plank (8) sealings, specific connection side respectively
Formula are as follows: connected between adjacent two No.1s column (1) using one piece of whole plate template (4), one piece is used between adjacent two No. two columns
The connection of piecemeal template, piecemeal template include cope plate (5), middle template (6) and (7) three layers of lower template, cope plate (5), middle template
(6) it slides up and down and connect with No. two columns (2) respectively with lower template (7) respective both ends, the No.1 column of same column frame
(1) connected between No. two columns (2) using plank, cabinet Zhi Haohou, by step 1. in the soil turned over be backfilling into cabinet
It is interior, when the soil surface of backfill is away from 5~10cm of cabinet upper end；
5. sowing, fertilising: seeds before seeding carries out disinfection processing, with 600~800 times the seed soaking of liquid carbendazim 5~6 hours, broadcast
When kind, two rows are sowed along the length direction of cabinet in each cabinet, 8~12cm of line-spacing, 8~12cm of spacing in the rows after planting press 2000
~3000kg/ mus of amount organic fertilizer carries out lid kind, then spreads fertilizer over the fields compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, most rear cover by 20~40kg/ mus of amount
Soil, thickness of soil are 5~10cm；
6. field management: Chinese yam emergence after built draws climing, water and fertilizer management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control by Chinese yam conventional cultivation method into
Row；
7. harvesting: after Chinese yam is mature, first removing Chinese yam branches and tendrils, rattan support, the piecemeal template of cabinet is successively taken out from top to bottom
Out, Chinese yam can be extracted by drawing the intracorporal soil of case, and when soil digging is careful not to hurt Chinese yam；
8. template recycles next time: the piecemeal template of extraction being recycled, carries out being slidably connected at case when Chinese yam plantation
Can be carried out again on body using.
2. a kind of Chinese yam according to claim 1 vertical box-type culture method on the ground, it is characterised in that: step 1. in,
The No.1 column (1) is angle steel or steel pipe, and No. two columns (2) are the channel steel with double groove, and the court of two slots of channel steel
To vertical with drag link (3), the drag link (3) is round steel, and the quantity of drag link (3) is two, and one is connected to two columns
Between top, a lower part being connected between two columns, and the bottom end 25cm from column, No.1 column (1) and No. two it is vertical
The height of column (2) is 115~135cm, and the length of drag link (3) is 20~30cm.
3. a kind of vertical box-type culture method in Chinese yam ground according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the rule of the angle steel
Lattice are 3cm × 3cm, and the outer diameter of steel pipe is 2cm, and the diameter of drag link is 6mm.
4. a kind of Chinese yam according to claim 1 vertical box-type culture method on the ground, it is characterised in that: step 1. in,
The insecticide, which is that peace is vertical, to go out or chlopyrifos, spreads fertilizer over the fields by 2~3kg/ mu of amount, and the fertilizer is compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, by 45~
55kg/ mus of amount is spread fertilizer over the fields.
5. a kind of Chinese yam according to claim 1 vertical box-type culture method on the ground, it is characterised in that: step 3. in,
If plot topography is flat, cross by the length direction in plot, if plot is hillside fields, the slope aspect along hillside fields is crossed.
6. a kind of Chinese yam according to claim 1 vertical box-type culture method on the ground, it is characterised in that: step 4. in,
Before backfilling soil, in the inside laying plastic of two pieces of templates.
7. a kind of Chinese yam according to claim 1 vertical box-type culture method on the ground, it is characterised in that: step 4. in,
It when the intracorporal amount of banketing of case reaches the 2/3 of the always amount of banketing, is once watered, is further continued for backfill after implementing soil
Earth.
8. a kind of Chinese yam according to claim 1 vertical box-type culture method on the ground, it is characterised in that: step 4. in,
The piecemeal module of each cabinet is towards same orientation.
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