CN109496745B - Overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam - Google Patents
Overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam Download PDFInfo
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- CN109496745B CN109496745B CN201811502346.6A CN201811502346A CN109496745B CN 109496745 B CN109496745 B CN 109496745B CN 201811502346 A CN201811502346 A CN 201811502346A CN 109496745 B CN109496745 B CN 109496745B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting and finishing land; manufacturing a column frame; thirdly, a vertical column frame is arranged; fourthly, a box body is arranged; fifthly, sowing and fertilizing; sixthly, field management; harvesting; and recovering the partitioned templates, wherein the whole process from planting to maturing of the Chinese yam is carried out in a vertical box body, and all problems in the conventional Chinese yam cultivation technology are solved. When the Chinese yam is planted, the requirements on land and field are low, the yield is high, the commodity is good, the harvesting is convenient and easy to popularize, and the social benefit and the economic benefit are high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to an overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam.
Background
The Chinese yam is also called Chinese yam, Huai yam, potato, etc., is a perennial herb, stem and vine are always purple, cylindrical with root tuber, leaves are opposite, oval or elliptical, flowers are milk white, and plants are different in sex and stamina. The Chinese yam tuber contains starch, protein and other components, has the effects of nourishing cells, strengthening internal secretion, tonifying and strengthening, enhancing the hematopoietic function of the organism and the like, can induce interferon, improve the immune function of the organism, improve the disease resistance and the like, has important effect on delaying the aging process, is a medical and edible health-care vegetable, and has good market behavior, high planting efficiency and great market demand.
At present, the traditional cultivation method is still mainly adopted for planting the Chinese yam, as the Chinese yam tuberous roots have the characteristic of downward growth, the requirements on soil layer depth are high when the Chinese yam is cultivated by the traditional method, the problems of difficulty in land selection, difficulty in harvesting and easiness in damage exist, particularly, the requirements on Chinese yam cultivation cannot be met in some areas with shallow soil layers, and secondly, after the Chinese yam is harvested, the potatoes with foot plates, the potatoes with branches, the potatoes with pimples and damaged potatoes are more, the commodity and the economical efficiency of the Chinese yam are greatly reduced, in addition, the time and labor consumption of links such as sowing, management and harvesting in the planting process of the Chinese yam are more, the labor cost is high, the yield and the quality of the Chinese yam are not good, and the development of the Chinese yam planting industry is influenced. With the development of yam planting, a plurality of machines or methods for yam planting are invented, such as a yam ditching harvester, a yam planting puncher, a yam planting pipeline, a sleeve or a half sleeve, a yam planting guide groove, a yam planting water-retention root-control bag and the like. Therefore, the development of the overground vertical box type cultivation method for the Chinese yam, which has the advantages of low requirements on land and field, high yield, good commodity, convenient harvesting and easy popularization, is objectively needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide the overground vertical box type cultivation method for the Chinese yam, which has the advantages of low requirements on land and site, high yield, good commodity, convenience in harvesting and easiness in popularization.
An overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
selecting and tidying land: selecting sandy or red loam and soil without fine foreign stones, and ploughing the soil twice to ensure that the upturned soil is fully and finely crushed, and spreading pesticides and fertilizers before ploughing;
manufacturing a column frame: the upright post frame comprises a first upright post, a second upright post and a cross pull rod, the first upright post and the second upright post are vertically arranged in parallel at intervals, and the cross pull rod is arranged between the first upright post and the second upright post;
thirdly, a vertical column frame is arranged: drawing parallel lines according to the terrain of a land block, wherein the line spacing is sequentially increased and decreased when the parallel lines are drawn, the large line spacing is 115-135 cm, the small line spacing is 20-30 cm, a first upright post and a second upright post of one upright post frame are respectively placed on two lines forming a small line, the upright post frames are driven into the soil after being placed, so that the upright post frames are firmly fixed, then other upright post frames are sequentially fixed in the small line according to the same method, and the distance between two adjacent upright post frames along the length direction of the small line is 80-100 cm;
fourthly, a box body is supported: the space between the adjacent coexistence post frame on the length direction along the little line is a box space, uses a whole board template, a piecemeal template and two plank seals respectively around the box space, and concrete connection mode is: the method comprises the following steps that two adjacent first stand columns are connected through a whole plate template, two adjacent second stand columns are connected through a blocking template, the blocking template comprises an upper template layer, a middle template layer and a lower template layer, two ends of each of the upper template layer, the middle template layer and the lower template layer are respectively connected with the second stand columns in a vertically sliding mode, the first stand columns and the second stand columns of the same stand column frame are connected through wood plates, after the box body is supported, soil ploughed in the step I is backfilled into the box body, and the backfilled soil can be obtained when the surface of the backfilled soil is 5-10 cm away from the upper end of the box body;
sowing and fertilizing: disinfecting seeds before sowing, soaking the seeds for 5-6 hours by using 600-800 times of liquid carbendazim, sowing two rows in each box body along the length direction of the box body during sowing, wherein the row spacing is 8-12 cm, the plant spacing is 8-12 cm, applying organic fertilizer according to the amount of 2000-3000 kg/mu after sowing for covering seeds, then applying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer according to the amount of 20-40 kg/mu, and finally covering soil, wherein the thickness of the soil is 5-10 cm;
sixthly, field management: building frames and leading tendrils after the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, managing water and fertilizer, and preventing and controlling diseases and pests according to a conventional cultivation method of the Chinese yam;
and (c) harvesting: after the Chinese yam is ripe, firstly removing branches and tendrils of the Chinese yam and a tendrils support of the Chinese yam, sequentially drawing out the partitioning templates of the box body from top to bottom, removing soil in the box body to extract the Chinese yam, and paying attention to not damage the Chinese yam when removing the soil;
recovering the block template: the extracted block template is recovered, and the Chinese yam can be inserted back into the box body for reuse when being planted next time.
Further, in step (r), the stand is angle steel or steel pipe, and the channel-section steel of No. two stands for having the double faced groove, and the orientation in two grooves of channel-section steel is perpendicular with the drag link, and the drag link is the round steel, and the quantity of drag link is two, and a top of connecting between two stands, the lower part of connecting between two stands, and from the bottom 25cm of stand, the height of a stand and No. two stands is 115 ~ 135cm, and the length of drag link is 20 ~ 30 cm.
Furthermore, the specification of the angle steel is 3cm multiplied by 3cm, the outer diameter of the steel pipe is 2cm, and the diameter of the transverse pull rod is 6 mm.
Further, in the step I, the pesticide is anli-deinsectization or chlorpyrifos, the pesticide is broadcast according to the amount of 2-3 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and the pesticide is broadcast according to the amount of 45-55 kg/mu.
Further, in the third step, if the terrain of the land is flat, the line is drawn in the longitudinal direction of the land, and if the land is a sloping land, the line is drawn in the sloping direction of the sloping land.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, before backfilling soil, mulching films are paved on the inner sides of the whole template and the block templates.
Furthermore, in the fourth step, when the soil filling amount in the box body reaches 2/3 of the total soil filling amount, watering is carried out once, so that the soil is filled and then is continuously backfilled.
Furthermore, in the step (iv), the blocking templates of each box body face to the same direction.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the continuous vertical box body is arranged to plant the Chinese yam, the Chinese yam is placed at the upper end in the vertical box body by utilizing the characteristic that the Chinese yam tubers grow downwards, the thickness of a soil layer in the box body reaches more than 100 centimeters, the soil layer thickness required by the longitudinal downward growth of the Chinese yam can be met, and the soil in the box body is backfilled soil, so that the Chinese yam tuber has loose texture, small growth resistance of the tubers, and smooth and straight tubers, and is beneficial to the growth of the Chinese yam tubers; secondly, by utilizing the tolerance negative of the Chinese yam, a plurality of Chinese yams are planted in each box body, and the wide-row and narrow-row cultivation technology is matched, so that the planting density of the Chinese yam is increased, the illumination required by the growth of the Chinese yam can be met, the photosynthesis of the Chinese yam is improved, and the yield of the Chinese yam is further improved; in addition, the whole box body of the vertical box body is positioned on the ground, so that the heat absorption in the daytime and the heat dissipation at night of the Chinese yam are facilitated, a larger day-night temperature difference can be formed, the day-night temperature difference is greatly favorable for the accumulation of nutrient substances of the Chinese yam, the expansion of tubers of the Chinese yam can be promoted, and the purpose of increasing the yield is achieved; finally, the invention has low requirement on the planting land of the Chinese yam, the Chinese yam can be pulled out only by drawing out the partitioning template and removing the soil in the box body when in harvesting, the integrity and the commodity of the Chinese yam are ensured to the maximum extent, the economy of the Chinese yam is improved, and the box body can be repeatedly used, thereby being beneficial to the long-term use and the cost saving when the Chinese yam is planted. When the Chinese yam is planted, the requirements on land and field are low, the yield is high, the commodity is good, the harvesting is convenient and easy to popularize, and the social benefit and the economic benefit are high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a column frame and a box body of the invention.
In the figure: 1-column I, 2-column II, 3-tie rod, 4-whole plate template, 5-upper template, 6-middle template, 7-lower template and 8-wood plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the overground vertical box type cultivation method for the Chinese yam in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
selecting and tidying land: selecting sandy loam or red loam and soil without fine foreign stones, ploughing the soil twice to fully crush the soil, spreading insecticide and fertilizer before ploughing to control underground insects such as grubs, and when in actual planting, the first upright post 1 is an angle steel or a steel pipe, the second upright post 2 is a channel steel with double-sided grooves, the two grooves of the channel steel face to be vertical to a transverse pull rod, the transverse pull rod 3 is a round steel, the number of the transverse pull rod 3 is two, one transverse pull rod is connected with the top between the two upright posts, the other transverse pull rod is connected with the lower part between the two upright posts and is 25cm away from the bottom end of the upright post, the height of the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 2 is 115cm, the length of the transverse pull rod 3 is 20cm, the specification of the angle steel is 3cm multiplied by 3cm, the outer diameter of the steel pipe is 2cm, the diameter of the round steel is 6mm, the insecticide is Anli-killing tick or chlorpyrifos, spreading potassium sulfate according to the amount of 2 kg/mu, and the, is applied according to the amount of 45 kg/mu.
Manufacturing a column frame: the stand frame includes stand 1, No. two stands 2 and drag link 3, and the vertical parallel arrangement in stand 1 and No. two 2 intervals of stand, drag link 3 set up between stand 1 and No. two stands 2, in order to save the cost, prepares old template and old plank as the material of preparation box, transports the stand frame of making and the box material of preparing to the chinese yam department of planting.
Thirdly, a vertical column frame is arranged: the method comprises the steps of drawing parallel lines according to the terrain of a land block, drawing the lines in the length direction of the land block if the terrain of the land block is flat, drawing the lines along the slope direction of the slope land if the land block is a slope land, wherein the line spacing is sequentially increased and decreased when the parallel lines are drawn, the large line spacing is 115cm, the small line spacing is 20cm, a first upright post 1 and a second upright post 2 of one upright post frame are respectively placed on two lines forming a small line, the upright post frames are driven into soil after being placed, the driving depth into the soil can be determined according to the actual soil quality condition, the fixing is firm, then other upright post frames are sequentially fixed in the small line according to the same method, and the distance between every two adjacent upright post frames in the length direction of the small line is 80-100 cm.
Fourthly, a box body is supported: the space between the adjacent coexistence post frame on the length direction along the little line is a box space, and the box space uses whole board template 4, a piecemeal template and two blocks of plank 8 sealed respectively all around, and concrete connection mode is: two adjacent first upright posts 1 are connected by using a whole plate template 4, two adjacent second upright posts are connected by using a blocking template, the blocking template comprises three layers of an upper template 5, a middle template 6 and a lower template 7, two ends of each of the upper template 5, the middle template 6 and the lower template 7 are respectively connected with the second upright post 2 in a vertical sliding manner, the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 2 of the same upright post frame are connected by using wood plates, a groove matched with the blocking template is vertically arranged on the second upright post 2, two ends of the blocking template are respectively inserted into the grooves of the two adjacent second upright posts 2, the blocking template of each box body faces to the same direction, soil ploughed in the step I is backfilled into the box body after the box body is supported, stones such as sundries in the soil are picked up when the soil is backfilled, and the soil backfilling amount in the box body reaches 2/3 of the total soil backfilling amount, and watering for one time to ensure that the soil is filled, then continuously backfilling the soil, and before backfilling the soil, paving a mulching film on the inner sides of the whole template 4 and the partitioned templates before backfilling the soil, so as to prevent the soil from contacting the templates, prevent the templates from rotting, prolong the service life of the templates and reduce the production cost.
Sowing and fertilizing: the method comprises the steps of disinfecting seeds before sowing, soaking the seeds for 5 hours by using 600-time liquid carbendazim, sowing two lines in each box body along the length direction of the box body during sowing, wherein the row spacing is 8cm, the plant spacing is 8cm, applying organic fertilizer according to the amount of 2000 kg/mu after sowing to cover the seeds, then applying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer according to the amount of 20 kg/mu, and finally covering soil, wherein the thickness of the soil is 5 cm.
Sixthly, field management: building frames and leading tendrils after the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, managing water and fertilizer, and preventing and controlling diseases and pests according to a conventional cultivation method of the Chinese yam.
When erecting and leading vines, erecting and pulling iron wires at two ends of a box body, stringing a vine net with the height of 2.5m on the iron wires, arranging herringbone erecting frames at intervals of 3m, wherein the erecting frames can be made of bamboo and wood materials and are required to be firm and firm so as to prevent branches and vines from being excessively pressed down or broken, lodging is caused to influence ventilation and light transmission, diseases are increased to cause yield reduction, the branches and vines are timely led to the erecting frames after the net frames are erected, side vines below 30cm are removed, and excessive branches and vines are prevented from influencing ventilation and light transmission.
In the water and fertilizer management, sufficient water supply is required in the whole growth period, a drip irrigation mode can be used, the soil is kept moist in the tuber expansion period, after the Chinese yam leaves are spread, the fertilizer is applied every 20 days for 3 times, 15 kg of water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied every mu every time, disease prevention is combined in the middle and later periods, and leaf fertilizers are sprayed for 2 times to prevent premature senility of the plants.
During pest control, Chinese yam pests mainly comprise root-knot nematodes and ascending Scarabaeiform, the Chinese yam pests can be controlled by filling 1000-time liquid of the light purple cyanea, the diseases mainly comprise anthracnose and phytophthora, and the Chinese yam pests can be sprayed by alternating 600-time liquid of 20% Antaizoon wettable powder, 1500-time liquid of 10% Shih highly wettable powder or 2000-time liquid of 25% Shibake missible oil.
And (c) harvesting: after the Chinese yam is ripe, firstly removing branches and tendrils of the Chinese yam and a vine support of the Chinese yam, sequentially drawing out the partitioning templates of the box body from top to bottom, removing soil in the box body to extract the Chinese yam, taking out the soil without damaging the Chinese yam, scattering an insecticide and waste materials on the soil removed from the box body before next planting, uniformly mixing the insecticide and the waste materials with the soil, and backfilling the soil in the box body to plant the Chinese yam again.
Recovering the block template: the extracted block template is recovered, and the Chinese yam can be inserted back into the box body for reuse when being planted next time.
Through years of experiments, the method is easier to harvest the Chinese yam, saves time and labor, has less soil volume to be fished out compared with the traditional planting method, is more convenient and labor-saving because the soil in the box body is just fished out when the soil is fished out, and has 6-8 persons/mu of labor, which is 1/4 of the traditional planting method; the Chinese yam cultivation method has the advantages that the Chinese yam cultivation density is high, about 8500 plants are sown in each mu, the yield is high, and the yield can reach 4.2 times of that of a shallow groove cultivation technology; the requirement on the land is not high, and a soil layer suitable for yam production is artificially created by adopting a mode of supporting boxes on the ground and filling soil in the boxes. In conclusion, the overground vertical box type cultivation technology for the Chinese yam is a simple and easily-popularized high-efficiency cultivation mode, can effectively solve the problems of strict land selection, deep soil layer requirement, difficult harvesting, more labor consumption and easy damage in Chinese yam cultivation, and is worthy of popularization and application.
Example 2:
the overground vertical box type cultivation method for the Chinese yam in the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
selecting and tidying land: selecting sandy loam or red loam and soil without fine foreign stones, ploughing the soil twice to ensure that the soil is fully crushed, spreading insecticide and fertilizer before ploughing to control underground insects such as grubs, and the like, wherein when in actual planting, the first upright post 1 is an angle steel or a steel pipe, the second upright post 2 is a channel steel with double-sided grooves, the two grooves of the channel steel face to be vertical to a transverse pull rod, the transverse pull rod 3 is a round steel, the number of the transverse pull rod 3 is two, one transverse pull rod is connected with the top between the two upright posts, the other transverse pull rod is connected with the lower part between the two upright posts and is 25cm away from the bottom end of the upright post, the heights of the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 2 are 125cm, the length of the transverse pull rod 3 is 20cm, the specification of the angle steel is 3cm multiplied by 3cm, the outer diameter of the steel pipe is 2cm, the diameter of the round steel is 6mm, the insecticide is Anli-killing or chlorpyrifos, the fertilizer is spread according to the amount of 2., spreading at a rate of 50 kg/mu.
Manufacturing a column frame: the stand frame includes stand 1, No. two stands 2 and drag link 3, and the vertical parallel arrangement in stand 1 and No. two 2 intervals of stand, drag link 3 set up between stand 1 and No. two stands 2, in order to save the cost, prepares old template and old plank as the material of preparation box, transports the stand frame of making and the box material of preparing to the chinese yam department of planting.
Thirdly, a vertical column frame is arranged: the method comprises the steps of drawing parallel lines according to the terrain of a land block, drawing the lines in the length direction of the land block if the terrain of the land block is flat, drawing the lines along the slope direction of the slope land if the land block is a slope land, wherein the line spacing is sequentially increased and decreased when the parallel lines are drawn, the large line spacing is 125cm, the small line spacing is 25cm, a first upright post 1 and a second upright post 2 of one upright post frame are respectively placed on two lines forming a small line, the upright post frames are driven into soil after being placed, the driving depth into the soil can be determined according to the actual soil quality condition, the fixing is firm, then other upright post frames are sequentially fixed in the small line according to the same method, and the distance between every two adjacent upright post frames in the length direction of the small line is 90 cm.
Fourthly, a box body is supported: the space between the adjacent coexistence post frame on the length direction along the little line is a box space, and the box space uses whole board template 4, a piecemeal template and two blocks of plank 8 sealed respectively all around, and concrete connection mode is: two adjacent first upright posts 1 are connected by using a whole plate template 4, two adjacent second upright posts are connected by using a block template, the block template comprises three layers of an upper template 5, a middle template 6 and a lower template 7, two ends of each of the upper template 5, the middle template 6 and the lower template 7 are respectively connected with the second upright post 2 in a vertical sliding manner, the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 2 of the same upright post frame are connected by using wood plates, a groove matched with the block template is vertically arranged on the second upright post 2, two ends of the block template are respectively inserted into the grooves of the two adjacent second upright posts 2, two ends of the block template are respectively inserted into the grooves of the two upright posts, the block template of each box body faces to the same direction, soil ploughed in the step I is backfilled into the box body after the box body is supported, and sundries such as stones mixed in the soil are picked up when the soil is filled, and when the soil filling amount in the box body reaches 2/3 of the total soil filling amount, watering once to ensure that the soil is filled, continuously backfilling the soil, and paving a mulching film on the inner sides of the whole template 4 and the block templates before backfilling the soil to prevent the soil from contacting the templates, prevent the templates from rotting, prolong the service life of the templates and reduce the production cost.
Sowing and fertilizing: the method comprises the steps of disinfecting seeds before sowing, soaking the seeds for 5.5 hours by using 700-time liquid carbendazim, sowing two rows in each box body along the length direction of the box body during sowing, wherein the row spacing is 10cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, applying organic fertilizer according to the amount of 2500 kg/mu after sowing to cover the seeds, then applying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer according to the amount of 30 kg/mu, and finally covering soil, wherein the soil thickness is 8 cm.
Sixthly, field management: building frames and leading tendrils after the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, managing water and fertilizer, and preventing and controlling diseases and pests according to a conventional cultivation method of the Chinese yam.
When erecting and leading vines, erecting frames at two ends of a box body and pulling iron wires, stringing a vine net with the height of 2.8m on the iron wires, erecting frames in a shape like a Chinese character 'ren' every 3.5m, wherein the erecting frames can be made of bamboo and wood materials and are required to be firm and firm so as to prevent branches and vines from being excessively pressed down or broken, so that lodging is caused to affect ventilation and light transmission, diseases are increased to cause yield reduction, the branches and vines are timely led to the upper frame after the net frame is erected, and side vines below 30cm of main vines are removed, so that excessive branches and light transmission are prevented from being affected.
In the water and fertilizer management, sufficient water supply is required in the whole growth period, a drip irrigation mode can be used, the soil is kept moist in the tuber expansion period, after the Chinese yam leaves are spread, the fertilizer is applied every 25 days for 4 times, 18 kg of water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied every mu every time, disease prevention is combined in the middle and later periods, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 3 times to prevent premature senility of the plants.
During pest control, Chinese yam pests mainly comprise root-knot nematodes and ascending Scarabaeiform, the Chinese yam pests can be controlled by filling 1000-time liquid of the light purple cyanea, the diseases mainly comprise anthracnose and phytophthora, and the Chinese yam pests can be sprayed by alternating 600-time liquid of 20% Antaizoon wettable powder, 1500-time liquid of 10% Shih highly wettable powder or 2000-time liquid of 25% Shibake missible oil.
And (c) harvesting: after the Chinese yam is ripe, firstly removing branches and tendrils of the Chinese yam and a vine support of the Chinese yam, sequentially drawing out the partitioning templates of the box body from top to bottom, removing soil in the box body to extract the Chinese yam, taking out the soil without damaging the Chinese yam, scattering an insecticide and waste materials on the soil removed from the box body before next planting, uniformly mixing the insecticide and the waste materials with the soil, and backfilling the soil in the box body to plant the Chinese yam again.
Recovering the block template: the extracted block template is recovered, and the Chinese yam can be inserted back into the box body for reuse when being planted next time.
Through years of experiments, the method is easier to harvest the Chinese yam, saves time and labor, has less soil volume to be fished out compared with the traditional planting method, is more convenient and labor-saving because the soil in the box body is just fished out when the soil is fished out, and has 6-8 persons/mu of labor, which is 1/4 of the traditional planting method; the Chinese yam cultivation method has the advantages that the Chinese yam cultivation density is high, about 8800 plants are sowed per mu, the yield is high, and the yield can reach 4.5 times of that of a shallow groove cultivation technology; the requirement on the land is not high, and a soil layer suitable for yam production is artificially created by adopting a mode of supporting boxes on the ground and filling soil in the boxes. In conclusion, the overground vertical box type cultivation technology for the Chinese yam is a simple and easily-popularized high-efficiency cultivation mode, can effectively solve the problems of strict land selection, deep soil layer requirement, difficult harvesting, more labor consumption and easy damage in Chinese yam cultivation, and is worthy of popularization and application.
Example 3:
the overground vertical box type cultivation method for the Chinese yam in the embodiment 3 comprises the following steps:
selecting and tidying land: selecting sandy loam or red loam and soil without fine foreign stones, ploughing the soil twice to fully crush the soil, spreading insecticide and fertilizer before ploughing to control underground insects such as grubs, when in actual planting, the first upright post 1 is an angle steel or a steel pipe, the second upright post 2 is a channel steel with double-sided grooves, the two grooves of the channel steel face to be vertical to a transverse pull rod, the transverse pull rod 3 is a round steel, the number of the transverse pull rod 3 is two, one transverse pull rod is connected with the top between the two upright posts, the other transverse pull rod is connected with the lower part between the two upright posts and is 25cm away from the bottom end of the upright post, the heights of the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 2 are 135cm, the length of the transverse pull rod 3 is 20cm, the specification of the angle steel is 3cm multiplied by 3cm, the outer diameter of the steel pipe is 2cm, the diameter of the round steel is 6mm, the insecticide is Anli-killing or chlorpyrifos, spreading potassium sulfate according to the amount of 3 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is, spreading the fertilizer according to the amount of 55 kg/mu.
Manufacturing a column frame: the stand frame includes stand 1, No. two stands 2 and drag link 3, and the vertical parallel arrangement in stand 1 and No. two 2 intervals of stand, drag link 3 set up between stand 1 and No. two stands 2, in order to save the cost, prepares old template and old plank as the material of preparation box, transports the stand frame of making and the box material of preparing to the chinese yam department of planting.
Thirdly, a vertical column frame is arranged: the method comprises the steps of drawing parallel lines according to the terrain of a land block, drawing the lines in the length direction of the land block if the terrain of the land block is flat, drawing the lines along the slope direction of the slope land if the land block is a slope land, wherein the line spacing is sequentially increased and decreased when the parallel lines are drawn, the large line spacing is 135cm, the small line spacing is 30cm, a first upright post 1 and a second upright post 2 of an upright post frame are respectively placed on two lines forming a small line, the upright post frames are driven into soil after being placed, the driving depth into the soil can be determined according to the actual soil quality condition, the fixing is firm, then other upright post frames are sequentially fixed in the small line according to the same method, and the distance between every two adjacent upright post frames in the length direction of the small line is 100 cm.
Fourthly, a box body is supported: the space between the adjacent coexistence post frame on the length direction along the little line is a box space, and the box space uses whole board template 4, a piecemeal template and two blocks of plank 8 sealed respectively all around, and concrete connection mode is: two adjacent first upright posts 1 are connected by using a whole plate template 4, two adjacent second upright posts are connected by using a blocking template, the blocking template comprises three layers of an upper template 5, a middle template 6 and a lower template 7, two ends of each of the upper template 5, the middle template 6 and the lower template 7 are respectively connected with the second upright post 2 in a vertical sliding manner, the first upright post 1 and the second upright post 2 of the same upright post frame are connected by using wood plates, a groove matched with the blocking template is vertically arranged on the second upright post 2, two ends of the blocking template are respectively inserted into the grooves of the two adjacent second upright posts 2, the blocking template of each box body faces to the same direction, soil ploughed in the step I is backfilled into the box body after the box body is supported, stones such as sundries in the soil are picked up when the soil is backfilled, and the soil backfilling amount in the box body reaches 2/3 of the total soil backfilling amount, and watering for one time to ensure that the soil is filled, then continuously backfilling the soil, and before backfilling the soil, paving a mulching film on the inner sides of the whole template 4 and the partitioned templates before backfilling the soil, so as to prevent the soil from contacting the templates, prevent the templates from rotting, prolong the service life of the templates and reduce the production cost.
Sowing and fertilizing: the method comprises the steps of disinfecting seeds before sowing, soaking the seeds for 6 hours by using 800-time liquid carbendazim, sowing two lines in each box body along the length direction of the box body during sowing, wherein the row spacing is 12cm, the plant spacing is 12cm, applying organic fertilizer according to the amount of 3000 kg/mu after sowing to cover the seeds, then applying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer according to the amount of 40 kg/mu, and covering soil at last, wherein the thickness of the soil is 10 cm.
Sixthly, field management: building frames and leading tendrils after the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, managing water and fertilizer, and preventing and controlling diseases and pests according to a conventional cultivation method of the Chinese yam.
When erecting and leading vines, erecting frames are planted at two ends of a box body and iron wires are pulled, a vine net with the height of 3m is strung on the iron wires, herringbone erecting frames are arranged at intervals of 4m, the erecting frames can be made of bamboo and wood materials, firmness is required, lodging is avoided, ventilation and light transmission are affected, yield is reduced, the vines are led to the shelves in time after the net racks are erected, side vines below 30cm of main vines are removed, and ventilation and light transmission are prevented from being affected due to excessive vines.
In the water and fertilizer management, sufficient water supply is required in the whole growth period, a drip irrigation mode can be used, the soil is kept moist in the tuber expansion period, the water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied every 30 days after the Chinese yam leaves are spread, the water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied for 3 times, 20kg of water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied every mu every time, and the water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied for 3 times in combination with disease prevention in the middle and later periods and is sprayed with foliar fertilizer to prevent premature senility.
During pest control, Chinese yam pests mainly comprise root-knot nematodes and ascending Scarabaeiform, the Chinese yam pests can be controlled by filling 1000-time liquid of the light purple cyanea, the diseases mainly comprise anthracnose and phytophthora, and the Chinese yam pests can be sprayed by alternating 600-time liquid of 20% Antaizoon wettable powder, 1500-time liquid of 10% Shih highly wettable powder or 2000-time liquid of 25% Shibake missible oil.
And (c) harvesting: after the Chinese yam is ripe, firstly removing branches and tendrils of the Chinese yam and a vine support of the Chinese yam, sequentially drawing out the partitioning templates of the box body from top to bottom, removing soil in the box body to extract the Chinese yam, taking out the soil without damaging the Chinese yam, scattering an insecticide and waste materials on the soil removed from the box body before next planting, uniformly mixing the insecticide and the waste materials with the soil, and backfilling the soil in the box body to plant the Chinese yam again.
Recovering the block template: the extracted block template is recovered, and the Chinese yam can be inserted back into the box body for reuse when being planted next time.
Through years of experiments, the method is easier to harvest the Chinese yam, saves time and labor, has less soil volume to be fished out compared with the traditional planting method, is more convenient and labor-saving because the soil in the box body is just fished out when the soil is fished out, and has 6-8 persons/mu of labor, which is 1/4 of the traditional planting method; the Chinese yam cultivation method has the advantages that the Chinese yam cultivation density is high, about 9000 Chinese yam seedlings are sowed per mu, the yield is high, and the yield can reach 4.8 times of that of a shallow groove cultivation technology; the requirement on the land is not high, and a soil layer suitable for yam production is artificially created by adopting a mode of supporting boxes on the ground and filling soil in the boxes. In conclusion, the overground vertical box type cultivation technology for the Chinese yam is a simple and easily-popularized high-efficiency cultivation mode, can effectively solve the problems of strict land selection, deep soil layer requirement, difficult harvesting, more labor consumption and easy damage in Chinese yam cultivation, and is worthy of popularization and application.
When the method of the embodiments 1-3 is adopted to plant the Chinese yam, the overground vertical box body is used, the whole process from planting to maturing of the Chinese yam is carried out in the vertical box body, the planting adaptability of the Chinese yam is improved, the Chinese yam grows downwards in loose soil in the box body, tubers are straight, the surface is smooth, the distortion rate is low, the appearance of the Chinese yam is good, when the Chinese yam is harvested, the partitioned template is only needed to be drawn out, then the soil in the box body is drawn out, the Chinese yam can be harvested conveniently, the digging work of the Chinese yam and the probability of damage and breakage of the Chinese yam in the digging process are greatly reduced, the integrity of the Chinese yam is ensured, and the quality of the Chinese yam is improved.
Claims (8)
1. A overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
selecting and tidying land: selecting sandy or red loam and soil without fine foreign stones, and ploughing the soil twice to ensure that the upturned soil is fully and finely crushed, and spreading pesticides and fertilizers before ploughing;
manufacturing a column frame: the upright post frame comprises a first upright post (1), a second upright post (2) and a cross-pull rod (3), the first upright post (1) and the second upright post (2) are vertically arranged in parallel at intervals, and the cross-pull rod (3) is arranged between the first upright post (1) and the second upright post (2);
thirdly, a vertical column frame is arranged: drawing parallel lines according to the terrain of a plot, wherein the line spacing is sequentially carried out according to the line spacing of one row, the line spacing of the large row is 115-135 cm, the line spacing of the small row is 20-30 cm, a first upright column (1) and a second upright column (2) of one upright column frame are respectively placed on two lines forming the small row, the upright column frames are driven into the soil after being placed, so that the upright column frames are firmly fixed, then other upright column frames are sequentially fixed in the small row according to the same method, and the distance between two adjacent upright column frames in the length direction of the small row is 80-100 cm;
fourthly, a box body is supported: the space between the adjacent coexistence post frames along little row length direction is a box space, it is sealed that a whole board template (4), a piecemeal template and two plank (8) are used respectively all around to the box space, and concrete connection mode does: two adjacent first columns (1) are connected through a whole plate template (4), two adjacent second columns are connected through a blocking template, the blocking template comprises an upper template (5), a middle template (6) and a lower template (7), two ends of each of the upper template (5), the middle template (6) and the lower template (7) are respectively connected with the second columns (2) in a vertical sliding mode, the first columns (1) and the second columns (2) of the same column frame are connected through wood plates, soil plowed in the first step is backfilled into the box body after the box body is supported, and the distance between the surface of the backfilled soil and the upper end of the box body is 5-10 cm;
sowing and fertilizing: disinfecting seeds before sowing, soaking the seeds for 5-6 hours by using 600-800 times of liquid carbendazim, sowing two rows in each box body along the length direction of the box body during sowing, wherein the row spacing is 8-12 cm, the plant spacing is 8-12 cm, applying organic fertilizer according to the amount of 2000-3000 kg/mu after sowing for covering seeds, then applying potassium sulfate compound fertilizer according to the amount of 20-40 kg/mu, and finally covering soil, wherein the thickness of the soil is 5-10 cm;
sixthly, field management: building frames and leading tendrils after the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, managing water and fertilizer, and preventing and controlling diseases and pests according to a conventional cultivation method of the Chinese yam;
and (c) harvesting: after the Chinese yam is ripe, firstly removing branches and tendrils of the Chinese yam and a tendrils support of the Chinese yam, sequentially drawing out the partitioning templates of the box body from top to bottom, removing soil in the box body to extract the Chinese yam, and paying attention to not damage the Chinese yam when removing the soil;
recovering the block template: the piecemeal template of will taking out is retrieved, can use again with its sliding connection on the box when carrying out the chinese yam next time and planting.
2. The overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step I, the first stand column (1) is an angle steel or a steel pipe, the second stand column (2) is a channel steel with double-sided grooves, the direction of two grooves of the channel steel is perpendicular to the cross-pull rod (3), the cross-pull rod (3) is a round steel, the number of the cross-pull rods (3) is two, one cross-pull rod is connected to the top between the two stand columns, the other cross-pull rod is connected to the lower portion between the two stand columns and is 25cm away from the bottom ends of the stand columns, the height of the first stand column (1) and the height of the second stand column (2) are 115-135 cm, and the length of the cross-pull rod (3) is 20-30.
3. The overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the specification of the angle steel is 3cm multiplied by 3cm, the outer diameter of the steel pipe is 2cm, and the diameter of the transverse pull rod is 6 mm.
4. The overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step I, the pesticide is anli-deinsectization or chlorpyrifos, the pesticide is applied in a broadcast mode according to the amount of 2-3 kg/mu, and the fertilizer is a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer applied in a broadcast mode according to the amount of 45-55 kg/mu.
5. The overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the third step, if the plot is flat, the line is drawn in the length direction of the plot, and if the plot is a sloping field, the line is drawn along the sloping direction of the sloping field.
6. The overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the fourth step, before backfilling the soil, paving a mulching film on the inner sides of the whole template (4) and the block templates.
7. The overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and fourthly, when the soil filling amount in the box body reaches 2/3 of the total soil filling amount, watering once to enable the soil to be filled, and then continuously backfilling the soil.
8. The overground vertical box type cultivation method for Chinese yam according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, the blocking templates of each box body face to the same direction.
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