CN102047829A - Cultivation technology of poplar trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation technology of poplar trees and belongs to the forestry technology. The technology comprises a series of measures such as seedling cultivation, inserting, forestation, management and the like. The poplar trees planted by using the technology in the invention have the advantages of high yield, high growth speed and good economic benefit.

Description

The planting technology of a kind of willow

Technical field

The present invention relates to forestry technology, specifically is the planting technology of a kind of willow.

Background technology

Willow is extended familys that have more than 100 species, can roughly be divided into white poplar, Chinese white poplar, Cathay poplar, black poplar and diversiform-leaved poplar etc., and its planting range spreads all over the world.With black poplar group is fine tree species.Its adaptability is strong, fast growth, material are good, is the cultivar that numerous self-employed tree cultivators and forest workers like.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides the planting technology of a kind of willow, have output height, fast growth and good in economic efficiency advantage.

Planting technology of the present invention is as follows: the planting technology of a kind of willow, specific as follows: 1, the planting technology of a kind of willow, specific as follows:

(1) grow seedlings: take asexual multiplication seedling, accomplish: use sufficient fertilizer, select breeding for use, suitably rare inserting is diligent in management, controls damage by disease and insect well, strictly goes out the garden by standard;

1. garden ground is prepared: grow seedlings select to have a good transport service, physical features is smooth, near the water source and subterranean water level is lower than 60cm, away from the worm source, the soil is porous, and nursery lot is made in the rich soil, and carries out efficent rotation; After nursery lot is determined, earlier as ploughing deeply winter, deep plough, harrow that thin rake is even after before inserting, using sufficient base manure by the standards of every mu of 150 kilograms of cake fertilizer, 100 load farmyard manures, 50 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, 50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, Ex-all weeds foreign material, leveling, and do bed by the wide railway carriage or compartment of opening, the railway carriage or compartment of 1.8-2.1m.

2. the cuttage of choosing seeds: must be strict during cuttage by every mu of 1900-2700 strain control cutting density; The cuttage seeding row spacing is 40-50 * 60-70cm; Plant bar and should select leading thread 〉=3.5cm for use, the breeding seedling of height of seedling 〉=3.5cm is cut into the long plugged ear of 15-25cm by kind, specification classification storage; Cutting time is fixed according to weather:

3. seedling management: after cuttage is finished, should in time irrigate, arrange stain, weeding, loosen the soil, survive and grow, avoid soil compaction, avoid weeds and Miao Zhengfei to avoid arid and waterlogging stain influences nursery stock; After emerging, final singling in time, whenever select good strains in the field for seed stay a stalwartness and bud position by under bud cultivate; In the season of growth, the axillalry bud of should in good time erasing, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in good time; Use and topdress;

Bud picking, it is more that sprout bar early spring, and the coppice shoot of the stalwartness of should selecting and remain is cultivated, and remaining is all erased;

Lifting adopts the level land to cut the dried seedling of getting, when the intercepting seedling is done saw, cutter can not be crooked, and repaiies side shoot immediately, and neat bundle is put well in the bottom, soaks immediately after transporting to planting site, row is planted again, the nursery stock of cannot not planting intactly need be immersed in the water immediately, till having planted;

(2) truncheon afforestation: keep leading shoot, wipe out side shoot, plant deeply;

1, digs the cave wholely

Requirement cultivates whole ground entirely in autumn and winter season, again by the setting-out of planting density fixed point after, dig the planting pit of the degree of depth 〉=80cm, but must guarantee the degree of depth;

2, the planting season: afforest in autumn, winter, three seasons of spring;

3, select seedling to handle: select height of seedling 〉=4.0m for use, leading thread 〉=4.0cm, cuts off whole side shoots and after the top of not enriching transports to planting site to the truncheon seedling slightly, immediately water immersion 2-5 days is put in the bottom good new lines big strong sprout;

4, plant deeply: make seedling butt portion embedded depth reach 〉=80cm exists side by side and is about to show earthen backfill in the bottom, seedling done with soil combined closely, layering is filled up urgent again;

(3) management

1, ridging is set upright: sapling is planted the back and finds have will in time earthing up of the crack that skews to set upright ramming;

2, weeding is loosened the soil and is promoted the growth of root system development and treelet;

3, the irrigation and drainage irrigation canals and ditches are held in row stain drought resisting successfully, and lowering of watertable when being beneficial to abundance of water is avoided accumulated water behind the rain; Energy diversion irrigation during arid ensures the growth of trees normal growth;

4, the fertilising based on nitrogen fertilizer application, suitably be aided with phosphate fertilizer, the fertilising with point execute, buried, do not hinder root, favourable tree crown expands to principle;

5, forest management,

1. bud picking removes and sprouts: in time erase the rudiment and the spray of trunk bottom between the month at 4-9, in order to avoid grow up to side shoot;

2. stump after-culture: utilize willow to have strong sprout tillers ability characteristic, what cut that acrial part makes that it bears stem a kind ofly fosters measure;

3. the integer of pruning: the needs that grow according to the different tree orders of willow are wiped out unnecessary branch and are kept certain type shape or tree vigo(u)r.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: annual every mu of growth timber 1.5m ³, in addition, but preceding 3 years intercropping crops of afforestation are particularly suitable for afforesting on sandy bare land, beach, rivers continent, level protective embankments to facilitate flood water discharge district and highway, channel, for the peasant creates the wealth.

Embodiment

(1) grow seedlings: take asexual multiplication seedling, accomplish: use sufficient fertilizer, select breeding for use, suitably rare inserting is diligent in management, controls damage by disease and insect well, strictly goes out the garden by standard;

1. garden ground is prepared: grow seedlings select to have a good transport service, physical features is smooth, near the water source and subterranean water level is lower than 60cm, away from the worm source, the soil is porous, and nursery lot is made in the rich soil, and carries out efficent rotation; After nursery lot is determined, earlier as ploughing deeply winter, deep plough, harrow that thin rake is even after before inserting, using sufficient base manure by the standards of every mu of 150 kilograms of cake fertilizer, 100 load farmyard manures, 50 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, 50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, Ex-all weeds foreign material, leveling, and do bed by the wide railway carriage or compartment of opening, the railway carriage or compartment of 1.8-2.1m.

2. the cuttage of choosing seeds: must be strict during cuttage by every mu of 1900-2700 strain control cutting density; The cuttage seeding row spacing is 40-50 * 60-70cm; Plant bar and should select leading thread 〉=3.5cm for use, the breeding seedling of height of seedling 〉=3.5cm is cut into the long plugged ear of 15-25cm by kind, specification classification storage; Cutting time is fixed according to weather:

3. seedling management: after cuttage is finished, should in time irrigate, arrange stain, weeding, loosen the soil, survive and grow, avoid soil compaction, avoid weeds and Miao Zhengfei to avoid arid and waterlogging stain influences nursery stock; After emerging, final singling in time, whenever select good strains in the field for seed stay a stalwartness and bud position by under bud cultivate; In the season of growth, the axillalry bud of should in good time erasing is prevented and kill off cutworm, willow herb is chrysomelid in good time, damage by disease and insect such as poplar caterpillar, Yang Xiaozhou moth, slug moth, mulberry longicorn, canker and anthraenose, and imposed 10 kilograms of urea once in every 20-30 days, end up to early September.

2, stay root to grow seedlings

Staying root to grow seedlings is exactly to utilize willow that the characteristics of adventive root and bud take place easily, Yang Miao is cut to make shoot root sprout new strain after doing in the nursery, cultivates into the seedlings new method in strong sprout again.This method can the saving of labor, save time, investment-saving, raising earning rate, is a kind of technological innovation of low input high production, can produce do 1 year end of the year, biennial root did in 1 year, so that 1 year dried seedlings strong sprout of root for many years.

Use and topdress, generally pour water in conjunction with drought resisting in early summer, impose enough chemical fertilizer and fertilizer in good time.1 year cuttage perennation cuts and does the back because old root and stem of certain plants root system is flourishing, and seedling growth is vigorous, and the consumption of soil fertility nutriment is big, must use sufficient organic manure.

Bud picking, it is more that sprout bar early spring, and the coppice shoot of the stalwartness of should selecting and remain is cultivated, and remaining is all erased, and deciding strain should not be late excessively, and the side shoot of will in good time erasing, in order to avoid consume nutrition.

Lifting, changing the lifting of uprooting is that the dried seedling of getting is cut on the level land.Because this nursery stock is not with root, seedling is done to intercept in advance and is heeled in, and must adhere to as per advice getting seedling again after planting site is put in order well earlier, and with getting with soaking with planting, in case nursery stock is withered, influence survives.When the intercepting seedling is done saw, cutter can not be crooked, and repaiies side shoot immediately, and neat bundle is put well in the bottom.Soak immediately after transporting to planting site, row is planted again, and the nursery stock of cannot not planting is intactly immersed in the water, till having planted again immediately.

The clear root and stem of certain plants with change the field, with after staying that the root seedling-cultivating method is section dried continuously and getting seedling 3-4, the rudiment power of the seedling root and stem of certain plants, the growing way of nursery stock begins to occur decay.At this moment, should in the winter time old root all be dug out, look the situation of nursery lot or carry out cuttage again or change the seedbed and carry out cottage propagation again.

(2) truncheon afforestation

According to the strong characteristics of willow stem childhood generation adventive root ability, generally take to cut the method for doing afforestation.

1, digs the cave wholely

Requirement cultivates whole ground entirely in autumn and winter season, again by the setting-out of planting density fixed point after, dig the planting pit (also can with the punching of crude steel pricker) of the degree of depth 〉=80cm, but must guarantee the degree of depth.

2, the planting season

Advocate the custom of the traditional winter-spring season afforestation of improvement, for autumn, winter, three seasons of spring afforest.Afforestation is planted in the leaf jaundice deeply when coming off soon in season in late autumn, and its benefit is that the truncheon seedling can utilize temperature and humidity higher in the autumn and winter season soil to take root ahead of time, and germinate when opening leaf early spring, formed a large amount of root systems, and is favourable to guaranteeing to survive the quickening growth.

3, select seedling to handle

Select height of seedling 〉=4.0m for use, leading thread 〉=4.0cm, cuts off whole side shoots and the top of not enriching (cut top have about the above 2cm of sturdy bud bud till) slightly at good new lines big strong sprout.After the truncheon seedling transported to planting site, immediately bottom (about 1.0m) put into water and soaked 2-5 days.This is to guarantee one of key measure that survives.

4, plant deeply

The size and the degree of depth that should check and accept planting hole before planting, undesirable must doing over again can be planted after acceptance(check).When planting must seedling do dark insert the cave at the bottom of, make seedling butt portion embedded depth reach 〉=80cm exists side by side and is about to show earthen backfill in the bottom, seedling done with soil combined closely, layering is filled up urgent again.During antecedent soil moisture, must appropriateness water after planting, survive with the guarantor.Guarantee that the depth of planting 〉=80cm is one of key technology of truncheon afforestation.

(3) management

The timbered soil management is the important component part of forest plantation tending management measure, and its main contents comprise measures such as ridging is set upright, weeding is loosened the soil, a kind crop, drought resisting row stain, fertilising.

1, after ridging is set upright sapling and planted,, or rinses because of the tall and big experience wind of nursery stock rain and to skew, all can influence and take root, survive and grow if the mistake of planting is shallow or at that time without tracking tramping.This just requires the forest ranger all will arrive new planting site later at each wind and rain and checks that finding has will in time earthing up of the crack that skews to set upright ramming.Before and after the Ching Ming Festival, the shallow poplar seedlings of planting is dug the cave again and plant deeply, then can only earth up after late and tightly do and unsuitable replanting than more favourable the surviving of training heap.

2, the weeding young growth area that loosens the soil is weedy, not only strives nutrient, moisture and sunlight with treelet, influences sapling up-growth, and weeds can provide the place for the perching of breeding of germ and insect, and upper soll layer is hardened.The effect that weeding is loosened the soil is exactly to eliminate weeds, and chesson, minimizing surface evaporation keep soil moisture, improve the soil aeration situation, thereby promote the growth of root system development and treelet, play the effect of preventing disease pest control.Make newly that young growth 3 years is annual wants weeding to loosen the soil three times, mode can be different according to the forest land type, but want strict and grasp " remove early, remove little, except " and " middlely seal, on every side loose, loosen the soil and do not hinder root " principle.

3, a kind crop can be planted crops between the forest land before young growth is free growing, to plough for comforting, supporting woods with farming.So both can protect the forest land, suppress the sylvan life weeds propagation and widespread, reduce people and animals' infringement, for sapling up-growth is created good environmental condition; Can improve the soil by intertillage fertilising again, increase soil fertility, help the growth of root system, make treelet can continue vigorous growth crop.The crop of intercropping should not endanger pulse family, the oil crop of sapling up-growth growth and be advisable not fight for light, water, fertilizer with treelet, does not plant high bar and akala crop.Can interplant sesame, rape, peanut, soya bean, broad bean, mung bean etc. before the closing; Can choose seeds after the closing Gynostemma pentaphylla, ginger, mushroom taro, brown paulownia, green manure etc.The distance of crop and tree, should can obtain required illumination with treelet is prerequisite, stops nutrient band in order to growth.

4, the various trees of row stain drought resisting are all the same with crops, and their growth both cannot do without moisture content, also many must not moisture content, in especially large stretch of forest land, the lower place of physical features, should hold the irrigation and drainage irrigation canals and ditches early successfully, lowering of watertable when being beneficial to abundance of water is avoided accumulated water behind the rain; Energy diversion irrigation during arid ensures the growth of trees normal growth.

5, the fertilising of fertilising forest land is to improve the soil fertility situation, improves the increase in standing timber, shortens the effective measure of the time limit of becoming a useful person, and is the important means of fast growing, intensive farming.Poplar forest suitably is aided with phosphate fertilizer based on nitrogen fertilizer application.Fertilising with point execute, buried, do not hinder root, favourable tree crown expands to principle.

6,, forest management

Forest management is by manually forest directly being interfered, improve their growth conditions, fosters measure to ensure high-quality and efficient a kind of of forest fast growing, comprise bud picking remove sprout, links such as pruning integer, stump after-culture, diseases and pests controlling.

1. bud picking removes and to sprout: willow rudiment power is strong, branch is many, the end of spring and the beginning of summer often sends a lot of young shoots or shoot, should in time erase the rudiment and the spray of trunk bottom at 4-9 between the month, in order to avoid grow up to side shoot, this be can save the pruning recruitment, again can reduce nutrient consumption, can also cultivate and not have joint good timber, a kind of good method of increasing economic efficiency.

2. stump after-culture: stump mainly is to utilize willow to have strong sprout tillers ability characteristic, and what cut that acrial part makes that it bears stem a kind ofly fosters measure.The willow that has been hurt can grow the perfectly straight satisfactory nothing joint of trunk good timber by the stump processing, and its growth rate can surpass former seedling growing way sometimes.After-culture is owing to reasons such as seedling quality or natural calamity, afforestation technology error, people and animals' destruction can not guarantee that plant all survives, when influence is grown into forest, the method of selecting for use the breeding that is slightly larger than existing seedling to reseed multiple woods at former planting point strong sprout, the time can be selected in autumn, winter, three seasons of spring.Must not mend the weak seedling of seedling or carry out repeatedly after-culture, otherwise will influence overall productivity because of growth potential being unable to catch up with.

3. the integer of pruning: pruning is exactly that needs according to the different tree orders of willow are grown are wiped out unnecessary branch.Integer is exactly to make trees keep certain type shape or tree vigo(u)r by pruning, thereby reaches the purpose of fast growing high-quality.Willow is pruned and will remove bull and to sprout branch with competition branch, bough and the base portion of leading shoot, trunk contention nutrition, in time wipes out and burns sick branch and base portion is sprouted branch, makes tree crown inner ventilation printing opacity be beneficial to growth.The crown depth that general pruning will keep is 1/2 to 1/3 of the full height of tree.The pruning time with before and after May for suitable.To make every effort to during pruning otch little and level and smooth, be close to trunk, do not stay branch stake, in order to wound healing; Repairing when cutting bough at first should bottom-up cutting (or saw), and then cuts (or saw) from top to bottom, in order to avoid splitting or peel off bark, must guard against and stays stake or dig a hole.

Claims (1)

1. the planting technology of a willow, specific as follows:

(1) grow seedlings: take asexual multiplication seedling, accomplish: use sufficient fertilizer, select breeding for use, suitably rare inserting is diligent in management, controls damage by disease and insect well, strictly goes out the garden by standard;

1. garden ground is prepared: grow seedlings select to have a good transport service, physical features is smooth, near the water source and subterranean water level is lower than 60cm, away from the worm source, the soil is porous, and nursery lot is made in the rich soil, and carries out efficent rotation; After nursery lot is determined, earlier as ploughing deeply winter, deep plough, harrow that thin rake is even after before inserting, using sufficient base manure by the standards of every mu of 150 kilograms of cake fertilizer, 100 load farmyard manures, 50 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, 50 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, Ex-all weeds foreign material, leveling, and do bed by the wide railway carriage or compartment of opening, the railway carriage or compartment of 1.8-2.1m.

2. the cuttage of choosing seeds: must be strict during cuttage by every mu of 1900-2700 strain control cutting density; The cuttage seeding row spacing is 40-50 * 60-70cm; Plant bar and should select leading thread 〉=3.5cm for use, the breeding seedling of height of seedling 〉=3.5cm is cut into the long plugged ear of 15-25cm by kind, specification classification storage; Cutting time is fixed according to weather:

3. seedling management: after cuttage is finished, should in time irrigate, arrange stain, weeding, loosen the soil, survive and grow, avoid soil compaction, avoid weeds and Miao Zhengfei to avoid arid and waterlogging stain influences nursery stock; After emerging, final singling in time, whenever select good strains in the field for seed stay a stalwartness and bud position by under bud cultivate; In the season of growth, the axillalry bud of should in good time erasing, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in good time; Use and topdress;

Bud picking, it is more that sprout bar early spring, and the coppice shoot of the stalwartness of should selecting and remain is cultivated, and remaining is all erased;

Lifting adopts the level land to cut the dried seedling of getting, when the intercepting seedling is done saw, cutter can not be crooked, and repaiies side shoot immediately, and neat bundle is put well in the bottom, soaks immediately after transporting to planting site, row is planted again, the nursery stock of cannot not planting intactly need be immersed in the water immediately, till having planted;

(2) truncheon afforestation: keep leading shoot, wipe out side shoot, plant deeply;

1, digs the cave wholely

Requirement cultivates whole ground entirely in autumn and winter season, again by the setting-out of planting density fixed point after, dig the planting pit of the degree of depth 〉=80cm, but must guarantee the degree of depth;

2, the planting season: afforest in autumn, winter, three seasons of spring;

3, select seedling to handle: select height of seedling 〉=4.0m for use, leading thread 〉=4.0cm, cuts off whole side shoots and after the top of not enriching transports to planting site to the truncheon seedling slightly, immediately water immersion 2-5 days is put in the bottom good new lines big strong sprout;

4, plant deeply: make seedling butt portion embedded depth reach 〉=80cm exists side by side and is about to show earthen backfill in the bottom, seedling done with soil combined closely, layering is filled up urgent again;

(3) management

1, ridging is set upright: sapling is planted the back and finds have will in time earthing up of the crack that skews to set upright ramming;

2, weeding is loosened the soil and is promoted the growth of root system development and treelet;

3, the irrigation and drainage irrigation canals and ditches are held in row stain drought resisting successfully, and lowering of watertable when being beneficial to abundance of water is avoided accumulated water behind the rain; Energy diversion irrigation during arid ensures the growth of trees normal growth;

4, the fertilising based on nitrogen fertilizer application, suitably be aided with phosphate fertilizer, the fertilising with point execute, buried, do not hinder root, favourable tree crown expands to principle;

5, forest management,

1. bud picking removes and sprouts: in time erase the rudiment and the spray of trunk bottom between the month at 4-9, in order to avoid grow up to side shoot;

2. stump after-culture: utilize willow to have strong sprout tillers ability characteristic, what cut that acrial part makes that it bears stem a kind ofly fosters measure;

3. the integer of pruning: the needs that grow according to the different tree orders of willow are wiped out unnecessary branch and are kept certain type shape or tree vigo(u)r.