CN115843603B - Novel summer branch pulling method for trellis pear tree - Google Patents
Novel summer branch pulling method for trellis pear tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a novel summer branch pulling method for a trellis pear tree. Selecting branches with green brown color, diameter of 0.8-1.0cm and length of 80-120cm from the 'double arm forward' trellis pear tree, and selecting branches with main branch length of less than half and fruiting branch group of less than 30cm for batch branch pulling. The branch pulling method adopts a high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method, one hand grips the base part of a branch, the other hand uses four fingers to press the middle and lower parts of the branch, the branches shake up and down slightly in the forward direction by a small amplitude at a high frequency until the branches are approximately horizontal, and then the branches shake horizontally to a required direction by a small amplitude at a high frequency. The branch pulling method replaces twisting with shaking and pressing without scratching, the whole branch pulling process shakes branches with high frequency and small amplitude, the range of folds at the bending position of the branches is wider, and the branches are rarely broken; the bending part of the branch is close to the base part, the opening angle is good, and the front end is upturned; the operator is not required to have palm force, the whole branch pulling process is finished easily, the working strength is obviously reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the fields of fruit tree cultivation and fruit tree ecology, and relates to a novel pear tree trellis pruning method.
Background
The pear trellis cultivation not only has the advantage of wind resistance, but also has the incomparable advantage of the conventional frameless cultivation tree form in the aspect of improving the fruit quality, especially the fruit uniformity, is an important mode of high-quality, standardized and mechanical cultivation, and becomes a necessary choice for high-quality pear cultivation along with the improvement of the consumption level of people. The aging problem of the agricultural population in China is increasingly prominent, the cost of agricultural labor is increasing year by year, the pear industry has higher requirements on the light-simplified and labor-saving technology, and the development of pear tree forms is a necessary trend from the frameless cultivation direction to the frame cultivation direction. In recent decades, with the support of the national pear industry technology system and the Hubei province agricultural science and technology innovation center, the development and demonstration of a novel canopy frame pruning technology for promoting pear tree' double arm antegrade (hang) has achieved remarkable results. The technology has the advantages of simple management, simple and convenient operation, labor saving, light labor, convenient mechanical operation, high yield and excellent quality, and obtains the novel canopy-frame pear tree series national patent, namely 6 patent utility models and 1 patent utility models, comprising: (1) A novel trellis pear tree form and a shaping method thereof, which are disclosed in patent number ZL201310004696.0; (2) A rapid shelving method for main branches of a trellis pear tree, which is invented with patent number ZL201310004697.5; (3) A novel shed pear tree fruiting branch group and a cultivation method thereof are disclosed in patent number ZL201310010694.2; (4) ZL201310742493.1; (5) A cultivation method of auxiliary branches of a trunk of a trellis pear tree comprises the steps of ZL201711016159.2; (6) A pruning method for enhancing growth vigor of the front end of a main branch of a trellis pear tree, ZL201711023044.6; (7) The novel improved pear tree flat shed frame type ZL 201320006399.5) has been demonstrated and popularized in 20 urban provinces nationally, has obvious advantages in high quality, light simplification, labor saving, standardization and mechanization, and is suitable for industrial development and sightseeing picking.
The novel double-arm forward-moving type trellis cultivation of pear trees is a frame-mounted fruiting technology cultivation mode, namely, all pear trees are on the frame surface, is different from a trellis cultivation technology for taking the lower fruiting of the pear trees of the trellis of China and separating the tree frames, has the advantages of less rope consumption, consistent tree shape shaping, high standardization degree, simple and easy shaping and trimming technology, and is popular with pear enterprises, cooperation companies and fruit growers.
After the main branches of the trellis pear trees are put on the shelf, the upright branches are pulled to put on the shelf, and the fruiting branches are cultivated and updated, which is the main task of pear pruning. In the popularization and practice of the novel double-arm forward-moving type canopy frame pear tree pruning technology in the recent 10 years, the branch pulling technology is deeply recognized as the most core technology of the novel double-arm forward-moving type canopy frame cultivation, and the canopy expansion and the yield improvement of the canopy frame pear tree are directly related.
The pear tree branch pulling includes winter branch pulling and summer branch pulling. Because the pear branches have higher hardness, the time base angle is not easy to open when the branches are pulled in winter, and the pear branches are easy to split. Before the pear tree branches are semi-lignified in summer, the branches are soft, but at the moment, the branches are in a vigorous growth period, the branches are thin and short, the branch pulling is unfavorable for expanding crowns, the axillary flower buds are also unfavorable for growing in the current year, the long fruit branches are also unfavorable for culturing, and the branches are generally not pulled before the semi-lignification of the branches in production. Along with the growth of the branches, the branches start to be semi-lignified, and the branches reach a certain length, but the branches are extremely easy to break and cannot be pulled in the period; then, along with the growth of pear branches, the base parts of the pear branches are gradually lignified, but the branch pulling is more difficult, the branches are difficult to bend at the position below 20cm of the base part when the branches are pulled, and the bending parts of the branches are higher. In the period, the branches of the pear tree are pulled down, the general branches are bent at the soft part of the middle part, and the branches are in an arch shape; after the branches are in an arch shape, the basal parts are easy to draw, carry and put branches, the front ends of the branches grow slowly, and the extension of the resulting branches on the flat trellis surface is difficult, so that the yield of the trellis pear trees is directly affected. If the branches are forced to be leveled, the base parts of the branches are easy to break, and the crown expansion and the yield improvement of the pear trees are also affected.
The double-arm forward-running type trellis pear tree is obviously different from the trellis pear tree with early stage under-frame fruiting in China and the conventional frameless cultivation pear tree in the aspect of shaping and trimming. The whole tree branches of the double-arm forward-running shed frame pear tree are put on the frame, the branches are required to be put on the frame from an upright state and then are in a state of 0-30 degrees with a horizontal line, namely in a horizontal or near-horizontal state, the branch pulling amplitude is large, the branch breaking possibility is large, and the requirements on the branch pulling in summer are high.
In the summer branch pulling process of the covered pear tree, an operator is not dared to pull branches due to worry about branch breakage, the branch bending part is higher when the branches are pulled, the problem of bow-shaped branches is caused, and the cultivation of the fruiting branch group is not facilitated. In the past, the method of taking the branches is only suitable for the situation that the length of the branches is short and the branches are soft, and when the branches reach the length and the thickness (semi-lignification) required by the branch pulling, the branches are easy to break in the process of taking the branches.
The inventors have created a "scratch-and-twist" branch pulling method for trellis pear trees in summer [ Wu Tao, qin Zhongqi, tu Junfan, yang Fuchen, li Xianming, zhu Gongyan, liu Zheng, zhang Long ] a "scratch-and-twist" branch pulling technique for trellis pear trees in winter [ J ]. South China fruit trees, 2017, 46 (06): 161+164 ], successfully solves the problem of "bowing" of the drawn branches. However, in recent years, the technology has some defects, mainly including: (1) The scratching process has certain requirements on the experience of operators, and operators with insufficient experience easily scratch the cortex of the branches to cause breakage in the pulling process; (2) The process of scratching consumes labor, is labor-and time-consuming, and has low branch pulling efficiency; (3) The twisting-pressing process is similar to the process of taking the branches, the branches are easy to break in the twisting process due to poor force grasping, and the branches are easy to break in the later period after the branches are pulled and fixed. Therefore, the summer branch pulling of the trellis pear tree is a technical difficulty of trellis cultivation.
The inventors have created a "scratch-press-to-turn" branch pulling technique for trellis pear trees in winter in 2017 [ Wu Tao, qin Zhongqi, tu Junfan, yang Fuchen, li Xianming, zhu Gongyan, tian Zhongmao ], application of the "scratch-press-to-turn" branch pulling method in pear tree summer shears [ J ]. Southern china fruit trees, 2015, 44 (06): 150-151, the technique is carried out on the basis of scratching the base part of the branch in summer, so that the branching angle of the base part of the branch can be improved, and the branch is not easy to be in an arch shape. The pear tree is characterized in that the 'scratching press-rotating' branch pulling process rotates branches on the basis of scratching on the basis of pressing and softening the branches, the application effect is good in winter when the branches are fully lignified, and the branches are extremely easy to break when the branches are scratched after the branches are scratched under the condition that the lignification degree of the branches is not high in summer. However, if the branches are not pulled in summer, long fruit branches cannot be cultivated, which results in late fruiting period, and the difference of the forward and backward growth potential of the branches on the main branches is large, so that the difficulty of pulling the branches in winter is also large.
The applicant has been engaged in the simplified pruning technology research of the trellis pear tree for many years, and has developed a high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method in recent years on the basis of a scratching torsion branch pulling method in summer and a scratching compression conversion branch pulling technology in winter of the trellis pear tree, so that the problem that the front two needs to be scratched is solved, the scratching is not needed, the technology is simpler and more convenient, the labor cost is saved, and the branches are not easy to break. Compared with the traditional general branch pulling technology, the problem that the branch is easy to break is solved, and the bow-shaped branch is obviously reduced. The high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method successfully solves the problem of summer branch pulling of the double-arm forward-running trellis pear tree.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method for a trellis pear tree in summer, and the matched branch pulling time, branch pulling object selection, branch pulling angle control, branch binding fixation and other technologies, so as to form a novel summer branch pulling technology system for the trellis pear tree.
The utility model aims at realizing the following technical scheme: the novel summer branch pulling method for the trellis pear tree comprises a high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method, a branch pulling range, a branch pulling object, a branch pulling time, a branch pulling angle and a branch binding fixation:
the high-frequency small-amplitude dithering branch pulling method is as follows: one hand tightly holds the base of the branch, the other hand presses the middle and lower parts of the branch by four fingers (the higher the lignification degree of the branch is, the more the acting point part of the pressed branch moves upwards), the branches shake up and down slightly in the forward direction (the south or north direction of the pear tree planted in the north-south direction) in a high-frequency manner until the branches are close to the horizontal state, and then shake the branches horizontally in the high-frequency manner to the required direction in a small-amplitude manner. In the whole branch pulling process, the hands are matched, the hands holding the base parts of the branches are not loosened, the softening process of the branches is felt, and when the branches have fracture signs, the other hand lightens the force and the shaking amplitude, and the fracture is prevented.
The high-frequency small-amplitude jitter refers to: a jitter frequency of 180-200 times per minute, more than 3 times per second. When shaking, 2 seconds (about 6 times) are taken as a group of shaking, and the general branches shake up and down for 3-4 groups and 3-4 seconds; the level is 2-3 groups, the completion is 2-3 seconds, and the total branch pulling is 5-7 seconds.
The left hand and right hand are described for the purpose of illustration only, and the left hand and right hand can be interchanged during production without affecting the application of the patent.
The high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method has the advantages that the branch pulling range is selected to be within half of the length of the main branch of the pear tree with the double-arm forward-moving shed frame, branches within 30cm of a fruiting branch group are pulled, and other branches are not pulled, so that labor is saved, and the growth of branches at the front end of the main branch is facilitated. For example, in a double-arm forward-running trellis pear tree with a main branch length of 2m, which is planted in the north-south direction, the branch pulling range is mainly in a funnel-shaped area, the branch point of the main branch is taken as the center, branches outside the range are in the north-south direction of 2m and the east-west direction of 0.6m, and branches outside the range are not pulled except branches which grow particularly vigorously.
The high-frequency small-amplitude dithering is used for drawing the branch object by the branch drawing method: and selecting bearing branches needing to be put on the shelf, and carrying out vigorous branch, updating branch and gap filling branch pulling on the main branch and the bearing branch group. The diameter of the branches is generally 0.8-1.0cm, and the length is 80-120cm. The vigorous branch refers to the upright branch with concentrated nutrition on the back, cut or side of the base of the main branch or fruiting branch group, the height of the upright branch is obviously higher than that of other branches, and the front end of the branch protrudes out of the abrupt branch of the canopy of tree crown leaves.
The high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method has the advantages that the branch pulling time is before and after the new shoots stop growing, the branches are pulled by taking the thickness and the length of the branches and the color of the base parts of the branches as indexes, the diameter of the main branches or the base parts of the result branch groups is 0.8-1.0cm, and the length of the main branches or the result branch groups is 80-120cm, whether the branches stop growing or not can be pulled, the branches can be pulled when the standard is met, green is early, and brown or dark brown is late. The branch pulling adopts a batch branch pulling mode, the 'abrupt branch' at the base part is pulled early, the branch at the front end is pulled late or not, the 'abrupt branch' which is relatively vigorous is pulled each time, and the branch pulling is completed by going around for 2-3 times.
The high-frequency small-amplitude dithering branch drawing method comprises the steps of: the base angle is relatively flat, the middle part is inclined, and the front end is slightly upright. The general basal branches are 15 degrees with the shelf surface of the shed frame, the middle branches are 30 degrees with the shelf surface, and the front branches are not pulled in summer and are in an upright shape.
The high-frequency small-amplitude dithering branch pulling method is used for binding and fixing branches: after the branches are pulled in place, one end of the rope is tied on the acting point of the pulled branches, generally at the middle lower part of the branches, the binding position is as close as possible to the base, namely, the rope is fixed at the middle part or the front end of the branches, the branches are easy to bow to cause the front end to droop, the position which is 30cm away from the base of the branches is fixed on the steel wire of the shed frame, and the other end of the rope is fixed on the steel wire line of the shed frame.
The trunk of the double-arm forward-moving type trellis pear tree is 1.2-1.3 m higher, has no central trunk, and has 2 main branches extending forward and leftward and rightward, so the double-arm forward-moving type trellis tree shape is called. Two main branches extend to the frame surface at an angle of 45 degrees after branching from the main branches, and the vertical distance between the branching points and the flat shed is 50cm. The main branches are directly and uniformly planted with single-shaft bearing branch groups after being put on the frame, and vertically extend to the space between rows to fill the frame surface space. Each main branch is coincided with 9-10 single-shaft bearing branch groups, and the spacing of one side is about 40 cm. The double-arm forward-running type shed frame pear tree is carried out on a flat net frame with the height of 1.8m and 50cm of steel wire lines.
Advantageous effects
The high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience and high efficiency, solves the problem that the former two need to be scratched, has simpler technology and is not easy to break branches. Compared with the traditional branch pulling technology, the branches are not easy to break and are not easy to be pulled into an arch shape, and the problem of the two-arm forward-running type pear tree branch pulling in summer is successfully solved. 2021-2022 experiments were carried out in the places such as double-arm forward pear garden (Hu Chang Zhentan lake village in Xiantao city), double-red pear cooperation in Zhenjiang city in Hubei province (Bai Lizhou Zhenjun Zhengzhou village), hubei Hechong ecological agriculture technology limited company (Hong Chongcun in Qingquan county), jin Meifang family farm (Jin Meifang family village in Jiangnan county in Makou county in Hubei province, and the like, and the practice proves that remarkable effects are obtained. The application and popularization of the technology are significant for enriching the series of patent achievements of shaping and pruning of the novel double-arm forward-moving type trellis pear tree and accelerating the application and popularization of the technology.
The method of high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling replaces twisting with shaking and pressing, branches are slightly shaken in the whole process of branch pulling, the range of folds at the bending position of the branches is wider, and breakage is rarely generated; the bending part of the branch is close to the base part, the opening angle is good, and the front end is upturned; because the base of the branch is held by one hand, even if the fracture condition happens occasionally, the fracture degree is in a controllable range, and the branch cannot be completely broken. The method does not need to scratch and twist branches, has no requirement on palm force for operators, is suitable for female workers to operate, and reduces the working strength in the whole process. The branch pulling method does not need to be scratched, and the working efficiency is obviously improved.
Compared with the technique of scratching, twisting and pulling branches, the bending point of the branches is reduced by 7.5cm from the branching point, the proportion of the branches in the shape of an arch is reduced to 0 (the higher the bending point is, the more easily the branches are pulled to be in the shape of an arch), the range of wrinkles is increased by 5cm, the number of wrinkles is increased by 4 (the wider the range of wrinkles is, the more the number of wrinkles is, and the more difficult the branches are broken); under the same number of pulled branches in summer, the labor cost is reduced by 64.3%, the broken branch rate of pulled branches is reduced by 95.7%, the number of branches on the backs of the branches of the new branches in the second year after the branches are pulled is reduced by 26.7%, the average length of the front end branches of the fruiting branches is increased by 29.6%, the crown expansion is rapid, the flowering rate of the branches is improved by 44.7%, and the single-branch fruit yield is increased by 60%.
Compared with the common branch pulling technology, the bending point is reduced by 12.5cm, the proportion of the bow-shaped branches is reduced to 0, the range of the wrinkles is increased by 7.5cm, and the number of the wrinkles is increased by 5; the labor cost is reduced by 40%, the branch pulling and breaking rate is reduced by 97.5%, the number of branches on the backs of the branches is reduced by 67.6%, the average length of the front end branches of the fruiting branches is increased by 210.2%, the crown expansion is rapid, the flowering rate of the branches is increased by 218.9%, and the yield of single-branch fruits is increased by 113.3%.
The high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling time is early, the thickness of the branches reaches 8cm, the length reaches 80cm, the branches can be pulled in batches when the color of the branches is greenish brown, and the front and back growth potential balance of the branches on the main branches is effectively promoted (figure 5).
The utility model is not only suitable for the novel double-arm forward-moving type pear tree branch pulling in summer, but also can provide beneficial reference for other types of pear tree branch pulling.
Drawings
FIG. 1, a "high frequency small amplitude dithering" twitching method step (I);
FIG. 2, a "high frequency small amplitude dithering" twitching method step (II);
FIG. 3, step (III) of the "high frequency small amplitude dithering" twitching method;
FIG. 4 is a front-to-back comparison of a "high frequency small jitter" rambling tree;
fig. 5 "high frequency small jitter" comparison before and after the twitching (before twitching);
fig. 6 "high frequency small jitter" comparison before and after the twitching of the faraday branch (before the twitching);
1, a main branch; 2. a new tip; 3, flattening the steel wire of the shed frame; 4, left hand; 5, right hand; 6. right-hand high-frequency small-amplitude left-right shaking;
7. left hand holding fold condition.
Detailed Description
The implementation varieties are as follows: green crown
Implementation site: pear garden of Hubei Aldi organic development limited company (peaches Hu Chang Zhentan lake village)
1) And (3) branch pulling range: the branches are pulled within half of the length of a main branch and within 30cm of a fruiting branch group of a double-arm forward-running type shed frame pear tree, the branches pulling range of the double-arm forward-running type shed frame pear tree with the length of the main branch being 2m is mainly in a funnel-shaped area, the branch points of the main branch are taken as the center, the branches outside the range are not pulled except branches which grow particularly vigorously and are properly pulled in the northwest direction and the northeast direction within the range of 0.6 m.
2) Branch pulling time: the branches are pulled before and after the growth of the new shoots is stopped, the thickness and the length of the branches and the color of the base parts of the branches are used as indexes, the diameter of the main branches or the base parts of the fruiting branch groups is 0.8-1.0cm, and the branches can be pulled no matter whether the branches stop to be long or not when the lengths are 80-120cm, the branches are green brown, early, brown or dark brown, late. The branch pulling adopts a batch branch pulling mode, the 'abrupt branch' at the base part is pulled early, the branch at the front end is pulled late or not, the 'abrupt branch' which is relatively vigorous is pulled each time, and the branch pulling is completed by going around for 2-3 times.
3) The branch pulling method comprises the following steps: the branch base is tightly held by one hand and the middle and lower parts of the branches are pressed by the other hand by four fingers (figure 1), the higher the lignification degree of the branches is, the more the acting point part of the pressed branches moves upwards, the branches shake up and down in a forward direction (the south-north direction field planted pear tree is in the south or the north direction) in a high-frequency small amplitude manner (figure 2) until the branches are approximately horizontal, and then the branches shake up and down in a small amplitude manner in the horizontal direction to the required direction (figure 3). In the whole branch pulling process, the hands are matched, the hands holding the base parts of the branches are not loosened, the softening process of the branches is felt, and when the branches have fracture signs, the other hand lightens the force and the shaking amplitude, and the fracture is prevented. The high frequency small jitter is 180-200 times per minute, and the jitter frequency is more than 3 times per second. When shaking, 2 seconds (about 6 times) are taken as a group of shaking, and the general branches shake up and down for 3-4 groups and about 3-4 seconds; the level is 2-3 groups, the completion is about 2-3 seconds, and the total of the branch pulling is 5-7 seconds.
4) Angle of branch pulling: the base angle is relatively flat, the middle part is inclined, and the front end is slightly upright. The general basal branches and the shed frame are about 15 degrees, the middle branches and the shed frame are about 30 degrees, and the front branches are not pulled in summer and are vertical.
5) Binding and fixing: after the branches are pulled in place, one end of the rope is tied on the acting point of the pulled branches, generally at the middle lower part of the branches, the binding position of the branches is as close to the base as possible (the rope is fixed at the middle part or the front end of the branches, the branches are also easy to bow to cause the front end to droop), the position which is about 30cm away from the base of the branches is about, and the other end of the rope is fixed on a shed frame steel wire line.
Test results show that compared with the branch pulling technology of scratching torsion pressure, the bending point of a branch from a branch point is reduced by 7.5cm, the proportion of an arch branch is reduced to 0 (the higher the bending point is, the more easily the branch is pulled to be in an arch shape), the range of wrinkles is increased by 5cm, the number of wrinkles is increased by 4 (the wider the range of wrinkles is, the more the number of wrinkles is, the less easily broken); under the same number of pulled branches in summer, the labor cost is reduced by 64.3%, the broken branch rate of pulled branches is reduced by 95.7%, the number of branches on the backs of the branches of the new branches in the second year after the branches are pulled is reduced by 26.7%, the average length of the front end branches of the fruiting branches is increased by 29.6%, the crown expansion is rapid, the flowering rate of the branches is improved by 44.7%, and the single-branch fruit yield is increased by 60%.
Compared with the common branch pulling technology, the bending point is reduced by 12.5cm, the proportion of the bow-shaped branches is reduced to 0, the range of the wrinkles is increased by 7.5cm, and the number of the wrinkles is increased by 5; the labor cost is reduced by 40%, the branch pulling and breaking rate is reduced by 97.5%, the number of branches on the backs of the branches is reduced by 67.6%, the average length of the front end branches of the fruiting branches is increased by 210.2%, the crown expansion is rapid, the flowering rate of the branches is increased by 218.9%, and the yield of single-branch fruits is increased by 113.3%.
The comparison of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method and the scratch torsion pressing branch pulling technical characteristics of the trellis pear tree is shown in tables 1 and 2.
The high-frequency small-amplitude dithering branch pulling method is as follows: one hand tightly holds the base of the branch, the other hand presses the middle and lower parts of the branch by four fingers (the higher the lignification degree of the branch is, the more the acting point part of the pressed branch moves upwards), the branches shake up and down slightly in the forward direction (the south or north direction of the pear tree planted in the north-south direction) in a high-frequency manner until the branches are close to the horizontal state, and then shake the branches horizontally in the high-frequency manner to the required direction in a small-amplitude manner. In the whole branch pulling process, the hands are matched, the hands holding the base parts of the branches are not loosened, the softening process of the branches is felt, and when the branches have fracture signs, the other hand lightens the force and the shaking amplitude, and the fracture is prevented.
The high-frequency small-amplitude jitter refers to: a jitter frequency of 180-200 times per minute, more than 3 times per second. When shaking, 2 seconds (about 6 times) are taken as a group of shaking, and the general branches shake up and down for 3-4 groups and about 3-4 seconds; the level is 2-3 groups, the completion is about 2-3 seconds, and the total of the branch pulling is 5-7 seconds.
The left hand and right hand are described for the purpose of illustration only, and the left hand and right hand can be interchanged during production without affecting the application of the patent.
The high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method has the advantages that the branch pulling range is selected to be within half of the length of the main branch of the pear tree with the double-arm forward-moving shed frame, branches within 30cm of a fruiting branch group are pulled, and other branches are not pulled, so that labor is saved, and the growth of branches at the front end of the main branch is facilitated. For example, in a double-arm forward-running trellis pear tree with a main branch length of 2m, which is planted in the north-south direction, the branch pulling range is mainly in a funnel-shaped area, the branch point of the main branch is taken as the center, branches outside the range are in the north-south direction of 2m and the east-west direction of 0.6m, and branches outside the range are not pulled except branches which grow particularly vigorously.
The high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method is characterized in that a branch pulling object of a branch pulling method is selected, and a branch requiring to be put on a shelf, and a vigorous branch, an updated branch and a gap filling branch on a main branch and a branch group are selected. The diameter of the branches is generally 0.8-1.0cm, and the length is 80-120cm. The vigorous branch refers to the upright branch with concentrated nutrition on the back, cut or side of the base of the main branch or fruiting branch group, the height of the upright branch is obviously higher than that of other branches, and the front end of the branch protrudes out of the abrupt branch of the canopy of tree crown leaves.
The high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method has the advantages that the branch pulling time is before and after the new shoots stop growing, the branches are pulled by taking the thickness and the length of the branches and the color of the base parts of the branches as indexes, the diameter of the main branches or the base parts of the result branch groups is 0.8-1.0cm, and the length of the main branches or the result branch groups is 80-120cm, whether the branches stop growing or not can be pulled, the branches can be pulled when the standard is met, green is early, and brown or dark brown is late. The branch pulling adopts a batch branch pulling mode, the 'abrupt branch' at the base part is pulled early, the branch at the front end is pulled late or not, the 'abrupt branch' which is relatively vigorous is pulled each time, and the branch pulling is completed by going around for 2-3 times.
The high-frequency small-amplitude dithering branch drawing method comprises the steps of: the base angle is relatively flat, the middle part is inclined, and the front end is slightly upright. The general basal branches and the shed frame are about 15 degrees, the middle branches and the shed frame are about 30 degrees, and the front branches are not pulled in summer and are vertical.
The high-frequency small-amplitude dithering branch pulling method is used for binding and fixing branches: after the branches are pulled in place, one end of the rope is tied on the acting point of the pulled branches, generally at the middle lower part of the branches, the binding position of the branches is as close to the base as possible (the rope is fixed at the middle part or the front end of the branches, the front end of the branches easily sags due to bow-shaped shape), the position about 30cm away from the base of the branches is located, and the other end of the rope is fixed on a shed frame steel wire.
The trunk of the double-arm forward-moving type trellis pear tree is 1.2-1.3 m higher, has no central trunk, and has 2 main branches extending forward and leftward and rightward, so the double-arm forward-moving type trellis tree shape is called. Two main branches extend to the frame surface at an angle of 45 degrees after branching from the main branches, and the vertical distance between the branching points and the flat shed is about 50cm. The main branches are directly and uniformly planted with single-shaft bearing branch groups after being put on the frame, and vertically extend to the space between rows to fill the frame surface space. Each main branch is coincided with 9-10 single-shaft bearing branch groups, and the spacing of one side is about 40 cm. The double-arm forward-running type shed frame pear tree is carried out on a flat net frame with the height of 1.8m and 50cm of steel wire lines.
Claims (3)
1. The novel summer branch pulling method for the trellis pear tree is characterized by comprising a high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method, a branch pulling range, a branch pulling object, branch pulling time, a branch pulling angle and branch binding fixation;
the method for drawing the branches of the high-frequency small-amplitude jitter comprises the following steps: the base of the branch is tightly held by one hand, the lower part of the branch, namely the higher the lignification degree of the branch is, the more the acting point part of the pressed branch moves upwards, the pear tree planted in the forward direction, namely the north-south direction, shakes up and down slightly at high frequency until the branch is approximately horizontal, and then shakes horizontally to the required direction at high frequency;
in the whole branch pulling process, the hands are matched, the hands holding the base parts of the branches are not loosened, the softening process of the branches is felt, when the branches have fracture signs, the other hand lightens the force and the shaking amplitude, and the fracture is prevented;
the high-frequency small-amplitude jitter refers to: a jitter frequency of 180-200 times per minute, more than 3 times per second;
when shaking, 2 seconds is taken as a group of shaking, and the general branches shake up and down for 3-4 groups and 3-4 seconds; 2-3 groups of the branches are completed in 2-3 seconds, and the total branch pulling is completed in 5-7 seconds;
the branch pulling range of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method is selected to be within half of the length of the main branch of the pear tree with the double-arm forward type shed frame, branches within 30cm of a fruiting branch group are pulled, and other branches are not pulled;
the high-frequency small-amplitude dithering is used for drawing the branch object by the branch drawing method: selecting bearing branches needing to be put on a shelf, and carrying out vigorous branch, updating branch and gap filling branch pulling on a main branch and a bearing branch group;
the general diameter of the branches is 0.8-1.0cm, and the length is 80-120cm;
the vigorous branches generally refer to upright branches which are concentrated in nutrition and grow vigorously on the backs, the cuts or the side positions of the bases of main branches or fruiting branch groups, the height of the branches is obviously higher than that of other branches, and the front ends of the branches protrude out of the abrupt branches of the crown leaf curtain layer;
the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method has the advantages that the branch pulling time is before and after the new shoots stop growing, the branches are pulled by taking the thickness and the length of the branches and the color of the base parts of the branches as indexes, the diameter of the main branches or the base parts of the result branch groups is 0.8-1.0cm, and the length of the branches is 80-120cm, whether the branches stop growing or not can be achieved, the branches can be pulled when the standard is met, green is early, and brown or dark brown is late;
the branch pulling adopts a batch branch pulling mode, the 'abrupt branch' at the base part is pulled early, the branch at the front end is pulled late or not, the 'abrupt branch' which is relatively vigorous is pulled each time, and the branch pulling is completed by going around for 2-3 times;
the high-frequency small-amplitude dithering branch drawing method comprises the steps of: the base angle is relatively flat, the middle part is inclined, and the front end is slightly upright;
the general basal branches and the shed frame are 15 degrees, the middle branches and the shed frame are 30 degrees, and the front branches are not pulled in summer and are vertical;
the high-frequency small-amplitude dithering branch pulling method is used for binding and fixing branches: after the branches are pulled in place, one end of the rope is tied on the acting point of the pulled branches, generally at the middle lower part of the branches, the binding position is as close as possible to the base, namely, the rope is fixed at the middle part or the front end of the branches, the branches are easy to bow to cause the front end to droop, the position which is 30cm away from the base of the branches is fixed on the steel wire of the shed frame, and the other end of the rope is fixed on the steel wire line of the shed frame.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein,
the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method comprises the following steps of: one hand tightly holds the base part of the branch, the other hand presses the middle and lower parts of the branch by four fingers, if the degree of lignification of the branch is higher, the acting point part of the pressed branch moves upwards, the pear tree planted in the forward direction, namely in the north-south direction, shakes up and down rapidly until the branch is approximately horizontal, and then rotates and shakes horizontally to the required direction; in the whole branch pulling process, the hands are matched, the hands holding the base parts of the branches are not loosened, the softening process of the branches is felt, when the branches have fracture signs, the other hand lightens the force and the spring amplitude, and the fracture is prevented;
the branch pulling range of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method is selected to be within half of the length of the main branch of the trellis pear tree, and the branches within 30cm of the fruiting branch group are pulled, and the rest branches can not be pulled, so that the labor is saved, and the growth of the branches at the front end of the main branch is facilitated; the pear tree with double arms forward-going type canopy frame is planted in the north-south direction, the length of the main branch is 2m, the branch pulling range is mainly in a funnel-shaped area, the branch point of the main branch is taken as the center, the branches outside the range are in the north-south direction of 2m and the east-west direction of 0.6m, and the branches are not pulled except the branches which grow particularly vigorously are properly pulled;
selecting bearing branches needing to be put on a frame, and vigorous branches, updated branches and gap-filling branches on a main branch and bearing branch group by a branch pulling object of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method; the general diameter of the branches is 0.8-1.5cm, and the length is more than 80-160 cm; the vigorous branches generally refer to upright branches which are concentrated in nutrition and grow vigorously on the backs, the cuts or the side positions of the bases of main branches or fruiting branch groups, the height of the branches is obviously higher than that of other branches, and the front ends of the branches protrude out of the abrupt branches of the crown leaf curtain layer;
the branch pulling time of the high-frequency small-amplitude shaking branch pulling method is suitable before and after the new tip stops growing in principle; the branch pulling should be in the form of batch branch pulling, the 'abrupt branch' at the base should be pulled early, and the branch at the front end is pulled late or not; each time the emphasis pulls a relatively vigorous "abrupt branch"; the branches at the base of the main branch or the fruiting branch group can be pulled no matter whether the branches stop to be long or not when the diameter of the branches at the base of the main branch or the fruiting branch group is more than 8mm and the length of the branches is more than 80cm, and the branches can be pulled up to the standard;
the trunk height of the 'double-arm forward-moving' trellis pear tree is 1.2-1.3 m, the pear tree has no central trunk, and 2 main branches extend forward and leftward and rightward, so the pear tree is called a 'double-arm forward-moving' trellis tree shape; two main branches extend to the frame surface at an angle of 45 degrees after branching from the main branches, and the vertical distance between a branching point and the flat shed is 50cm; the main branches are directly and uniformly planted with single-shaft bearing branch groups after being put on the frame, and vertically extend to the space between rows to fill the frame surface space; 9-10 single-shaft bearing branch groups are coincided with each main branch, and the spacing of one side is 40cm; the double-arm forward-running type shed frame pear tree is carried out on a flat net frame with the height of 1.8m and 50cm of steel wire lines.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the branches of the double-arm forward-moving trellis pear tree with the length of the main branches of 2m are planted in the north-south direction, the branch pulling range is mainly in a funnel-shaped area, the branch points of the main branches are taken as the center, the branches outside the range are in the range of 2m in the north-south direction and 0.6m in the east-west direction, and the branches outside the range are not pulled generally except for the branches which grow particularly vigorously.
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