CN103141287A - Method for domesticating and culturing rubus peltatus - Google Patents
Method for domesticating and culturing rubus peltatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103141287A CN103141287A CN2013101033563A CN201310103356A CN103141287A CN 103141287 A CN103141287 A CN 103141287A CN 2013101033563 A CN2013101033563 A CN 2013101033563A CN 201310103356 A CN201310103356 A CN 201310103356A CN 103141287 A CN103141287 A CN 103141287A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for domesticating and culturing rubus peltatus. The method comprises the following steps of (1) introduction: in mid-to-late February to early-to-mid March, digging a biennial rubus peltatus plant in the field, and transplanting to a sandy loam; (2) seedling cultivating, transplanting and planting: carrying out plant-division transplanting and cutting in mid May to mid June in the next year after introduction, and after leaves of aerial stems of the cutting plant fall in winter, transplanting the cutting plant to the sandy loam; (3) field management: after the plant buds in spring, trimming the excessive root shoot seedlings and basal seedlings in mid-to-late April to early May, pruning after leaves fall in late November to early December, and building a shading shed in the period of the budding of overwinter buds to the harvesting of fruits, wherein the shading degree of the shed is 40% to 60% of the shading degree of a shading net; and (4) harvesting: harvesting in late June to early July at each year from the next year of planting. The method for domesticating and culturing the rubus peltatus has the advantages that the transplanting survival rate is high, and the fruit yield is higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the agricultural planting technique field, be specifically related to a kind of peltateleaf raspberry fruit domesticating cultivation method.
Background technology
Peltateleaf raspberry fruit (Rubus peltatus Maxim.) belongs to the biennial plant of the rose family (Rosaceae) Arbutus (Rubus L.).The natural propagation of peltateleaf raspberry fruit is to nourish and generate as main, be that root evil seedling (deriving from the root-like stock of biennial plant) and base are given birth to seedling (derive from biennial basal part of stem and be embedded in part in soil), the growth of breaking ground of seedling late April, do not yield positive results then, mid-July survive the winter branch withered after at the beginning of 9 months by the end of August during, the innovation growth is the most vigorous, at the beginning of 9 months by the end of August, newborn Miao Jiben stops growing, and plant height reaches 1.0～2.5m.Late November, its blade began to come off, and advanced people's leaf fall period, advanced people's winter dormancy phase December, became the branch (being biennial branch) of surviving the winter of next year.This stage peltateleaf raspberry fruit mainly carries out plant vegetative growth (being vegetative growth phase).Survive the winter branch in next year mid or late March rudiment, and mid or late April blooms and bears fruit, and fruit early and middle ten days in late June to July is ripe.The branch of surviving the winter after fruit maturation fails rapidly, begins naturally withered downwards from the top fruit ear.This, peltateleaf raspberry fruit plant mainly carried out sexual reproduction (being generative growth phase) in stage.
The fruit of peltateleaf raspberry fruit is maximum in the rubus wild species, and thick flavor.The bright basic total reducing sugar of fruit, total acid content and weigh fruit nutrition to be worth the SOD content of one of mark of height higher than the species that most of rubus has developed, VB1, VB2, Vc content belong to medium, but it is very high to have the VE content of anti-aging effects.
The tender fruit of peltateleaf raspberry fruit is used as medicine, " Tian Mu Shan Mountain medicinal plant will " record: warm in nature, and the energy strengthening waist and kidney, wind-expelling pain-stopping cures mainly extremities joint pain, and ache of the spinal column has medicinal efficacy preferably.
Peltateleaf raspberry fruit is at Zhejiang main product Southwest Mountainous Areas: Anji, Linan, Chunan, border on the sea, there is distribution Suichang, Songyang, dragon's fountain, Qingyuan, Taishun etc.Be born in hillside, the foot of the hill, gully sylvan life or the border of height above sea level 700～1350m.
Peltateleaf raspberry fruit is a kind of wild fruit resource that is worth than great development that has.Along with the progressively raising of China's people's living standard, people more require the fruit variation, and along with the increase of the demands such as juice and jam, the peltateleaf raspberry fruit with good characteristic will have good development prospect in China simultaneously.But present domestic report and the patent documentation that there is not yet relevant peltateleaf raspberry fruit exploitation and culture technique aspect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the peltateleaf raspberry fruit that a kind of transplanting survival rate is high, fruit yield is higher domesticating cultivation method is provided.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of peltateleaf raspberry fruit domesticating cultivation method is characterized in that: comprise the steps,
(1) introduce a fine variety
Mid or late Febuary, biennial peltateleaf raspberry fruit plant was dug in the field, is transplanted to sand loam to early or mid March, and the pH value of sand loam topsoil is 4.0～6.0;
(2) seedling culture and transplant planting
Carry out plant division transplanting and cuttage mid-May to the mid-June of introducing a fine variety Second Year, wash filling matrix with 0.1～0.3% carbendazim before cuttage, the current-year branch of clip semi-lignified is plugged ear, plugged ear is inserted rapidly in matrix after dipping the mixed solution of root-inducing powder and boric acid, the plant of cuttage in the winter time, transplant to sand loam after terrestrial stem fallen leaves, the pH value of sand loam topsoil is 4.0～6.0;
(3) field management
Plant cuts off unnecessary root turion seedling and Ji Sheng seedling the first tenday period of a month in mid or late April to May after sprouting spring, prune after late November to early December fallen leaves, and 3～4 strain robust growth, the full branch of mixed bud stay in the stem of plant more than liftoff 30～40cm; Annual early March and mid or late July respectively apply fertilizer 1 time, water after fertilising; The bud of surviving the winter begins to sprout and build shading shed during fruit harvesting is completed, and bedding degree of shading is 40～60% sunshade net;
(4) gather
The field planting Second Year plays every year and gathers at the beginning of by the end of June by 7 months.
With this method domesticating and cultivating peltateleaf raspberry fruit, transplanting survival rate reaches more than 90%, and the fruit per mu yield reaches the 500kg left and right.It is worth mentioning that: because of the error of testing crew, a milpa, after fruit harvesting, not timely covered with sunshade net, the bud front just covered with sunshade net again that begins to sprout until survive the winter March next year, unexpected only the discovery in generative growth phase (bud of namely surviving the winter begin to sprout complete to fruit harvesting during) sunshade, the output of fruit is apparently higher than in equal sunshade of all stage.Though peltateleaf raspberry fruit is shade plant, not sunshade of vegetative growth phase only in the generative growth phase sunshade, is played and is promoted to nourish and grow, and does not affect and yield positive results, can significantly improve fruit yield.
As improvement, in the mixed solution of root-inducing powder and boric acid, the concentration of root-inducing powder is 1000mg/L, and the concentration of boric acid is 100mg/L.
As further improvement, in a row plant by furrow during the plantlet of transplant of cuttage, spacing in the rows 0.9～1.2m covers mutually without branch between plant.
As further improving, the fertilizer that annual early March applies is superphosphate 9～11kg/ mu and potassium sulphate 5～7kg/ mu, and the fertilizer that mid or late July applies is urea 4～6kg/ mu.
As further improvement, the rear biennial plant that in time cuts off of gathering, illumination and nutrition to be conducive to seedling promote it to nourish and grow.
Beneficial effect of the present invention has: by the time of introducing a fine variety and the selection of introducing a fine variety plant, adopt the method for plant division, cuttage, reproductive survival rate reaches more than 90%; Take fertilizer as main, different vegetative stages coordinate different composite fertilizer and various trace element fertilizer, can well promote to nourish and grow and breed growth; Adopt in good time seedling and the pruning technique of going, employing is sprouted before fruit harvesting complete culture techniques of cover such as method with the sunshade net sunshade from the bud of surviving the winter, with a kind of fully wild fruit domesticating and cultivating success, and facility of the present invention is simple, easy to implement the method, cost is low, has application prospect preferably.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, test is carried out at Mountainous Region height above sea level 800～820m place, Zhejiang, has selected 5 soil conditions, the environment that the liquid manure situation is similar, carry out simultaneously experiment in cultivation, mainly investigated Shading time and degree of shading to the impact of fruit yield.
Embodiment 1:
(1) introduce a fine variety
Healthy and strong biennial plantlet of transplant is dug in mid or late Febuary to early or mid March field, selects loose fertile, draining good, the content of organic matter is higher, physical features is smooth sand loam plantation, and the pH value of topsoil (0～20cm is dark) is 4.0～6.0.Execute the farmyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed before whole ground, plough deeply 30cm.Do furrow by wide 1.0m, high 25cm, furrow ditch and enclose furrow width 30cm.At furrow face lengthwise gulley, ditch depth 4～6cm allows root straight as far as possible during plantation.Irrigate normal root water after cultivation 1 time, water according to the rainwater situation later in good time, keep ground moistening.
(2) seedling culture and transplant planting
Begin at the Second Year of introducing a fine variety, biennial plant can produce a large amount of root evil seedlings.,, carry out plant division and transplant when root evil height of seedling reaches 20cm when above to mid-June in mid-May, survival rate reaches 95%.
Cuttage adopts the living seedling of base to carry out green wood cutting, and it is the production seedling of next year that every plant keeps the living seedling of 1 strain base, and its complementary basis is given birth to seedling as transplanting a cutting use.3d washes filling matrix (clean river sand) with 0.1～0.3% carbendazim before cuttage, and the current-year branch of clip semi-lignified is plugged ear, 2 of plugged ear tools bud position, remove terminal bud, every strain plugged ear only keeps 1/2 of 1 blade in top, and the lower end next-door neighbour that transplants a cutting saves the below straight snips, transplants a cutting the upper end apart from joint 1cm.Then plugged ear is inserted in matrix rapidly after dipping the mixed solution 10s of 1000mg/L root-inducing powder and 100mg/L boric acid, sooner or later waters each every day once, sprays weekly 0.1% carbendazim once.After slotting, 50～60d plugged ear begins to take root, and 70d is taken root, and number is obvious to be increased, and the cutting number of taking root reaches 90%, the long 2～5cm of root.The 90d survival rate reaches 93%, newly sprouts to grow to 20cm.
The plant of cuttage in the winter time, transplant to sand loam after terrestrial stem fallen leaves, the pH value of sand loam topsoil (0～20cm is dark) is 4.0～6.0.Execute the farmyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed before whole ground, plough deeply 30cm.Do furrow by wide 1.0m, high 25cm, furrow ditch and enclose furrow width 30cm.In a row plant by furrow during the plantlet of transplant of cuttage, spacing in the rows 0.9～1.2m covers mutually without branch between plant.At furrow face lengthwise gulley, ditch depth 4～6cm allows root straight as far as possible during plantation.Irrigate normal root water after cultivation 1 time, water according to the rainwater situation later in good time, keep ground moistening.
(3) field management
Biennial plant is after sprouting spring, produce a large amount of root turion seedlings and Ji Sheng seedling the first tenday period of a month in mid or late April to May, every living seedling of base that plant keeps a strain stalwartness, or the root turion seedling that closes on is as the production seedling of next year, cut off unnecessary seedling in good time, or enlarge next year production area as plant division, cuttage.Mid-September, seedling grew up to, plant height 1.5～2.0m.Prune after late November to early December fallen leaves, 3～4 strain robust growth, the full branch of mixed bud stay in the stem of plant more than liftoff 30～40cm, cut off unnecessary branch.
Early March and mid or late July respectively impose 1 time.Fertilising is aided with composite fertilizer and various trace element fertilizer take fertilizer as main.Fertilizer can reach fully become thoroughly decomposed animal waste, farmyard manure etc. with crops straw, ash.The fertilizer that early March applies is superphosphate 9～11kg/ mu and potassium sulphate 5～7kg/ mu, and the Accelerate bloom result should be watered water 1 time after fertilising.The fertilizer that mid or late July applies is urea 4～6kg/ mu, promotes nourishing and growing of newborn seedling, should water water after fertilising 1 time.
The bud of surviving the winter begins to sprout and completes to fruit harvesting, builds shading shed, and bedding degree of shading is 45% sunshade net.
(4) gather
The field planting Second Year rises annual at the beginning of by the end of June by 7 months, and fruit gradually becomes orange colour, and ripe, plucks gently along the carpopodium end.The rear biennial plant (namely then fruit bearing shoot) that in time cuts off of gathering, every stays a seedling and topdresses, and removing sunshade net.
The peltateleaf raspberry fruit of gathering between 2007～2012, fruit amount to into that yield per unit area is respectively 180,320,307,482,540,502kg/ mu, and the first three years output is lower, and rear three annual productions improve and tend towards stability.
The disposable plantation of peltateleaf raspberry fruit, income for many years, results capable of circulation.From between 2007 to 2012 6 years, obvious damage by disease and insect does not occur.
Embodiment 2:
The operating procedure of the present embodiment and parameter are with reference to embodiment 1, and different is: the bud of surviving the winter of peltateleaf raspberry fruit begin to sprout complete to fruit harvesting during, build shading shed, bedding degree of shading is 60% sunshade net.After transplanting, plant vegetative growth is good, and seedling grows up to mid-September, plant height 1.0～1.5m.Bloom at the beginning of 5 months next years, result, early or mid July fruit maturation.The quantity of flower and the quantity of young fruit slightly reduce than embodiment 1, and single fruit weight slightly descends than embodiment 1.2010～2012 years, fruit amounted to into that yield per unit area is respectively 423,490,445kg/ mu.
Embodiment 3:
The operating procedure of the present embodiment and parameter are with reference to embodiment 1, and different is: begin to sprout at the bud of surviving the winter of peltateleaf raspberry fruit and complete the stage to fruit harvesting, build shading shed, bedding degree of shading is 40% sunshade net.After transplanting, plant vegetative growth is good, and seedling grows up to mid-September, plant height 1.5～2.2m.Next year blooms by the end of April, result, fruit maturation by the end of June.The phenomenon of a small amount of young fruit dehiscent fruit appearred after early June.2010～2012 years, fruit amounted to into that yield per unit area is respectively 440,498,460kg/ mu.
Embodiment 4:
The operating procedure of the present embodiment and parameter are with reference to embodiment 1, and different is: in the whole growth cycle of peltateleaf raspberry fruit, shading shed is arranged always, bedding degree of shading is 45% sunshade net.After transplanting, plant vegetative growth is good, and seedling grows up to mid-September, plant height 1.2～1.8m.Next year blooms at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April, result, early or mid July fruit maturation.The quantity of flower and the quantity of young fruit reduce than embodiment 1, and the peltateleaf raspberry fruit of gathering between 2007～2012, fruit amount to into that yield per unit area is respectively 140,260,257,396,420,401kg/ mu.
Embodiment 5:
The operating procedure of the present embodiment and parameter are with reference to embodiment 1, and different is: 2007 and 2008, do not build the shading shed sunshade in the whole growth cycle of peltateleaf raspberry fruit.After transplanting, plant vegetative growth is good, blooms at the beginning of mid-April to 5 month, result, and the quantity of flower and the quantity of young fruit are consistent with embodiment 1, but after growth of young to 5～10d, the beginning dehiscent fruit until come off fully, does not have mellow fruit, namely has no harvest.
Claims (5)
1. peltateleaf raspberry fruit domesticating cultivation method is characterized in that: comprises the steps,
(1) introduce a fine variety
Mid or late Febuary, biennial peltateleaf raspberry fruit plant was dug in the field, is transplanted to sand loam to early or mid March, and the pH value of sand loam topsoil is 4.0～6.0;
(2) seedling culture and transplant planting
Carry out plant division transplanting and cuttage mid-May to the mid-June of introducing a fine variety Second Year, wash filling matrix with 0.1～0.3% carbendazim before cuttage, the current-year branch of clip semi-lignified is plugged ear, plugged ear is inserted rapidly in matrix after dipping the mixed solution of root-inducing powder and boric acid, the plant of cuttage in the winter time, transplant to sand loam after terrestrial stem fallen leaves, the pH value of sand loam topsoil is 4.0～6.0;
(3) field management
Plant cuts off unnecessary root turion seedling and Ji Sheng seedling the first tenday period of a month in mid or late April to May after sprouting spring, prune after late November to early December fallen leaves, and 3～4 strain robust growth, the full branch of mixed bud stay in the stem of plant more than liftoff 30～40cm; Annual early March and mid or late July respectively apply fertilizer 1 time, water after fertilising; The bud of surviving the winter begins to sprout and build shading shed during fruit harvesting is completed, and bedding degree of shading is 40～60% sunshade net;
(4) gather
The field planting Second Year plays every year and gathers at the beginning of by the end of June by 7 months.
2. a kind of peltateleaf raspberry fruit domesticating cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the mixed solution of root-inducing powder and boric acid, the concentration of root-inducing powder is 1000mg/L, the concentration of boric acid is 100mg/L.
3. a kind of peltateleaf raspberry fruit domesticating cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in a row plant during the plantlet of transplant of cuttage, spacing in the rows 0.9～1.2m covers mutually without branch between plant.
4. a kind of peltateleaf raspberry fruit domesticating cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fertilizer that annual early March applies is superphosphate 9～11kg/ mu and potassium sulphate 5～7kg/ mu, and the fertilizer that mid or late July applies is urea 4～6kg/ mu.
5. a kind of peltateleaf raspberry fruit domesticating cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the rear biennial plant that in time cuts off of gathering.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN104429517A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-25 | 刘雄 | Rosa laevigata growing method |
| CN105284315A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2016-02-03 | 新疆康美瑞农业发展有限公司 | Easy overwintering method for northern raspberries |
| CN107409929A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2017-12-01 | 贵州省岑巩县运江农林发展科技有限公司 | A kind of yellow peach Gen Tiller seedling growing nursery and culture methods |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105284315A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2016-02-03 | 新疆康美瑞农业发展有限公司 | Easy overwintering method for northern raspberries |
| CN104429517A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-25 | 刘雄 | Rosa laevigata growing method |
| CN107409929A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2017-12-01 | 贵州省岑巩县运江农林发展科技有限公司 | A kind of yellow peach Gen Tiller seedling growing nursery and culture methods |
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