CN102388738B - Eucalyptus cultivation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation methods and particularly relates to a cultivation method of eucalyptuses eaten by koalas. A eucalyptus variety of which the survival rate reaches 95 percent high and which can provide nutrients needed by the koalas can be cultivated by adopting the eucalyptus cultivation method through steps of eucalyptus variety seed selection, seedling raising, eucalyptus seedling transplant, transplanted seedling management, eucalyptus trunk cutting and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cultivation method field, be specifically related to the breeding method of the edible eucalyptus of a kind of tree bear.
Background technology
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus) has another name called the You Jiali tree, it is the general name of Myrtaceae eucalyptus plant, dicotyledon, Myrtaceae, evergreen high megaphanerophyte, have to short shrub from cloud-kissing megaphanerophyte, about more than 600 plant, leaf and sprig can be extracted aromatic oil or hyoscine, and flower has nectary, is nectariferous plant, it is the most representative seeds in the Australian woody plant, the overwhelming majority is grown in Australian continent, and small part grows in contiguous New Guinea and Indonesia, and the Philippines.Tree bear is the national treasure in Australia, and one of the most lovely animal views and admires high with conservation value in the world.Because the leaf of pressing that the feed of tree bear is only searched for food and planted will be introduced the feed problem that this animal just must solve tree bear; Although eucalyptus has certain distribution on southern area such as the ground such as Fujian, Guangdong of China, be not all to may be used to the food of tree bear by leaf, the edible eucalyptus of tree bear is on the kind and educate certain requirement is all being arranged on the method for planting.In addition, in the breeding method of domestic eucalyptus of adopting, the survival rate of eucalyptus is lower at present.
Summary of the invention
In order to introduce tree bear and to satisfy the food needs of tree bear, the object of the present invention is to provide the breeding method of the edible eucalyptus of a kind of tree bear.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
Eucalyptus educate method for planting, it has comprised following steps:
Seed selection: select to be fit to the eucalypt species of planting site climatic condition according to the nutritional need of tree bear, introduce the seed of selected eucalypt species from Australia;
Grow seedlings: the eucalyptus seed of choosing is carried out the eucalyptus tissue by the eucalyptus medium cultivate under gnotobasis in test tube, the humidity of environment is controlled at more than 85% in the incubation, temperature is controlled at 20~28 ℃, light application time is controlled at 5-8 hour/every day, cultivate 40-50 days to Eucalyptus Seedlings true leaf 2-3 sheet, transplant behind the about 1.5cm of axial root system to the seedbed and cultivated 30-40 days in the nutritious bag;
Transplant by sapling: above-mentioned cultivate grow to plant height 25-35cm by sapling, during true leaf 8-10 sheet, go out the seedbed and transplant to the eucalyptus planting base, plantation standard plant pit 40cm * 40cm, spacing in the rows 2m * 2m adds carbonized rice husks and humic fertilizer, and imposes chemical fertilizer;
The management of transplanted seedling: above-mentioned transplant organize to the eucalyptus of eucalyptus planting base tender, so will guarantee that the surrounding air humidity requirement is more than 85%; And the processing of sheltering from heat or light, moisturizing and the management of sheltering from heat or light be roughly about 10~15d, and 7d is wet down and reduce shading progressively then later on, progressively adapts to extraneous weather to Eucalyptus Seedlings; Regularly weeding in moisturizing and the processing procedure of sheltering from heat or light, cleaning is once washed per month; Topdress simultaneously, topdressed once in per 15 days;
The eucalyptus cutting strunk is processed: after the above-mentioned transplanting grow to trunk diameter 6-8cm by sapling the time, carry out cutting strunk in the position that the liftoff 1.5m of eucalyptus is high, remove the growth apical dominance of eucalyptus, increase branch's output.
In order to introduce tree bear in Guangzhou and to guarantee that tree bear has sufficient food source, above-mentioned seed selection process mainly is to select according to the weather conditions in Guangzhou, and the planting site of eucalyptus is chosen near the HongKong Safari Park, Guangzhou.
Among the present invention, the chemical fertilizer that adopts is the mixing of composite fertilizer or superphosphate and two kinds.
The kind of the eucalypt species described in the present invention comprises one or more in Queensland spire eucalyptus, swamp mahogany, red gum, Dunne eucalyptus, E.Propinqua tree, small cap eucalyptus, spot skin eucalyptus, grain leather eucalyptus, willow eucalyptus, the lemon scented gum.
Medium described in the present invention comprises that the inducing eucalyptus seed directly is divided into the medium that the medium of the root induction callus of the medium of the numerous bud of bud of the medium of callus, eucalyptus seedling, eucalyptus seedling, inducing eucalyptus hypocotyl Bud Differentiation medium and inducing eucalyptus hypocotyl are divided into embryo callus.
Among the present invention, the medium that described inducing eucalyptus seed directly is divided into callus is: MS+KT1.0mg/L+2,4-D2.0mg/L+ cysteine 30mg/L; The medium of the numerous bud of bud of described eucalyptus seedling is MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+IAA0.2mg/L; The medium of the root induction callus of described eucalyptus seedling is MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L; Described inducing eucalyptus hypocotyl Bud Differentiation medium is B5+6-BA2.0mg/L+2,4-D0.2mg/L; The medium that described inducing eucalyptus hypocotyl is divided into embryo callus is B5+Ad2.0mg/L+IAA0.2mg/L.
Wherein, the prescription of MS medium is: 1. macroelement (mg/L): potassium nitrate 1900, ammonium nitrate 1650, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 170, magnesium sulfate 370, calcium chloride 440; 2: trace element (mg/L): potassium iodide 0.83, boric acid 6.2, manganese sulphate 22.3, zinc sulphate 8.6, sodium molybdate 0.25, copper sulphate 0.025, cobalt chloride 0.025, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 37.3; 3. molysite (mg/L): 27.8; 4. organic principle (mg/L): inositol 100, glycine 2, thiamine hydrochloride 0.1, puridoxine hydrochloride 0.5, nicotinic acid 0.5; Sucrose 30g/L; Agar 7 g/L.The prescription of B5 medium is: 1. inorganic matter (mg/L): biphosphate (NaH
2PO
4H
2O) 150, anhydrous calcium chloride 113.24, potassium nitrate 2500, ammonium sulfate 134, anhydrous magnesium sulfate 122.09, disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 37.3, ferrous sulfate (FeSO
47H
2O) 27.8, manganese sulphate (MnSO
42H
2O) 10.0, zinc sulphate (ZnSO
47H
2O) 2.0, boric acid 3.0, sodium molybdate (Na
2MoSO
42H
2O) 0.25, copper sulphate (CuSO
45H
2O) 0.025, cobalt chloride (CoCl
26H
2O) 0.025, potassium iodide 0.75; 2. organic matter (mg/L): vitamin B1 (thiamine hydrochloride) 10.0, vitamin B6 (puridoxine hydrochloride) 1.0, nicotinic acid 1.0, inositol 100.0, sucrose 20000, agar 7000; The pH value of B5 medium is 5.5, and temperature is 25 ℃.Wherein KT is the basic element of cell division, and 2,4-D is 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid, and 6-BA is the 6-benzyl purine, and IAA is heteroauxin, and Ad is adenine.
In the preferred scheme, mass ratio by carbonized rice husks, humic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in the sapling transplanting step of the present invention is 4:4:2, its purpose is to keep loosing soil to breathe freely and is rich in abundant organic matter, make and cultivate the young plant stalwartness that survives, root system is especially flourishing, resistance, survival rate is high.
The method for planting of educating of eucalyptus of the present invention has also comprised the extermination of disease and insect pest, wherein, the extermination of disease and insect pest is applicable to individual the educating in the process of planting after the eucalyptus transplant step, and the described extermination of disease and insect pest has comprised that termite control method, longicorn worm are in the method for preventing and treating of dried larva and the method for preventing and treating of mushroom disease.
In the preferred scheme of the present invention, the method for described termite control comprise with 10% diazinon particle according to the consumption of every mu of 500g or with 5% phoxim according to the consumption of every mu of 1000g mix with chemical fertilizer in, execute 1-2 time per month.
In the preferred scheme of the present invention, the method for preventing and treating that described longicorn worm is stayed dried larva comprises annually whitewashes and manually catches and kills trunk.
In the preferred scheme of the present invention, the method for preventing and treating of described mushroom disease comprises that diseased plant destroys and sterilization processing is carried out in diseased plant plot on every side.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the survival rate of the yate that educates the method for planting plantation of eucalyptus of the present invention reaches more than 85%, the highest survival rate can reach 95%, it has not only satisfied the requirement of the required nutrition of tree bear, owing to feature and the habit of eucalyptus self, it can be used for afforestation simultaneously, and its leaf contains aromatic oil, the sterilization mosquito-repelling function is arranged, can refine sesame oil, contain tannin in its spray and the bark, can refine tannin extract; Bark and timber also can be used to pulping etc.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
.
Embodiment
A kind of eucalyptus educate method for planting, it is characterized in that: it has comprised following steps:
Seed selection: select to be fit to the eucalypt species of planting site climatic condition according to the nutritional need of tree bear, introduce the seed of selected eucalypt species from Australia;
Grow seedlings: the eucalyptus seed of choosing is carried out the eucalyptus tissue by the eucalyptus medium cultivate under gnotobasis in test tube, the humidity of environment is controlled at more than 85% in the incubation, temperature is controlled at 20~28 ℃, light application time is controlled at 5-8 hour/every day, cultivate 40-50 days to Eucalyptus Seedlings true leaf 2-3 sheet, transplant behind the about 1.5cm of axial root system to the seedbed and cultivated 30-40 days in the nutritious bag;
Transplant by sapling: above-mentioned cultivate grow to plant height 25-35cm by sapling, during true leaf 8-10 sheet, go out the seedbed and transplant to the eucalyptus planting base, plantation standard plant pit 40cm * 40cm, spacing in the rows 2m * 2m adds carbonized rice husks and humic fertilizer, and imposes chemical fertilizer;
The management of transplanted seedling: above-mentioned transplanting to the eucalyptus of pinning the planting base is organized tender, so will guarantee that the surrounding air humidity requirement is more than 85%; And the processing of sheltering from heat or light, moisturizing and the management of sheltering from heat or light be roughly about 10~15d, and 7d is wet down and reduce shading progressively then later on, progressively adapts to extraneous weather to Eucalyptus Seedlings; Regularly weeding in moisturizing and the processing procedure of sheltering from heat or light, cleaning is once washed per month; Topdress simultaneously, topdressed once in per 15 days;
The eucalyptus cutting strunk is processed: after the above-mentioned transplanting grow to trunk diameter 6-8cm by sapling the time, carry out cutting strunk in the position that the liftoff 1.5m of eucalyptus is high, remove the growth apical dominance of eucalyptus, increase branch's output.
Embodiment 1
Eucalypt species is the grain leather eucalyptus, grows seedlings according to the method described above, transplants, management and cutting strunk process.In the Eucalyptus Seedlings transplanting process, be that the mass ratio of carbonized rice husks, humic fertilizer and the composite fertilizer of 2.5kg is that 4:4:2 mixes with gross weight, grant in the plant pit; Sneak into the termite 2 times per month of going out in the chemical fertilizer with 10% diazinon particle according to the consumption of every mu of 500g after transplanting by sapling, the survival rate of educating according to the method described above the grain leather eucalyptus of planting reaches more than 85%.After the cutting strunk 4 months, the long branch grain leather eucalyptus that begins to gather to about the 1.5m is pressed leaf, 15 the grain leather eucalyptus leaveses of gathering respectively, and detect the content of each composition in the leaf.
Embodiment 2
Eucalypt species is spot skin eucalyptus, grows seedlings according to the method described above, transplants, management and cutting strunk process.In the Eucalyptus Seedlings transplanting process, be that the mass ratio of carbonized rice husks, humic fertilizer and the composite fertilizer of 2.5kg is that 4:4:2 mixes with gross weight; Sneak into the termite 2 times per month of going out in the chemical fertilizer with 10% diazinon particle according to the consumption of every mu of 500g after transplanting by sapling, the survival rate of educating according to the method described above the grain leather eucalyptus of planting reaches more than 85%.After the cutting strunk 4 months, the long branch spot skin eucalyptus that begins to gather to about the 1.5m is pressed leaf, 15 the spot skin eucalyptus leaveses of gathering respectively, and detect the content of each composition in the leaf.
Embodiment 3
Eucalypt species is gray gum, grows seedlings according to the method described above, transplants, management and cutting strunk process.In the Eucalyptus Seedlings transplanting process, be that the mass ratio of carbonized rice husks, humic fertilizer and the composite fertilizer of 2.5kg is that 4:4:2 mixes with gross weight; Sneak into the termite 2 times per month of going out in the chemical fertilizer with 10% diazinon particle according to the consumption of every mu of 500g after transplanting by sapling, the survival rate of educating according to the method described above the grain leather eucalyptus of planting reaches more than 95%.After the cutting strunk 4 months, the long branch gray gum that begins to gather to about the 1.5m is pressed leaf, 15 the gray gum leaves of gathering respectively, and detect the content of each composition in the leaf.
Embodiment 4
Eucalypt species is tallow wood, grows seedlings according to the method described above, transplants, management and cutting strunk process.In the Eucalyptus Seedlings transplanting process, be that the mass ratio of carbonized rice husks, humic fertilizer and the superphosphate of 2.5kg is that 4:4:2 mixes with gross weight; Sneak into the termite 2 times per month of going out in the chemical fertilizer with 10% diazinon particle according to the consumption of every mu of 500g after transplanting by sapling, the survival rate of educating according to the method described above the grain leather eucalyptus of planting reaches more than 85%.After the cutting strunk 4 months, the long branch tallow wood that begins to gather to about the 1.5m is pressed leaf, 15 the tallow wood leaves of gathering respectively, and detect the content of each composition in the leaf.
Embodiment 5
Eucalypt species is E.Propinqua, grows seedlings according to the method described above, transplants, management and cutting strunk process.In the Eucalyptus Seedlings transplanting process, be that the mass ratio of carbonized rice husks, humic fertilizer and the superphosphate of 2.5kg is that 4:4:2 mixes with gross weight; Sneak into the termite 2 times per month of going out in the chemical fertilizer with 10% diazinon particle according to the consumption of every mu of 500g after transplanting by sapling, the survival rate of educating according to the method described above the grain leather eucalyptus of planting reaches more than 90%.After the cutting strunk 4 months, the long branch E.Propinqua that begins to gather to about the 1.5m is pressed leaf, 15 the E.Propinqua leaves of gathering respectively, and detect the content of each composition in the leaf.
Embodiment 6
Eucalypt species is eucalyptus robusta, grows seedlings according to the method described above, transplants, management and cutting strunk process.In the Eucalyptus Seedlings transplanting process, be that the mass ratio of carbonized rice husks, humic fertilizer and the superphosphate of 2.5kg is that 4:4:2 mixes with gross weight; Sneak into the termite 2 times per month of going out in the chemical fertilizer with 10% diazinon particle according to the consumption of every mu of 500g after transplanting by sapling, the survival rate of educating according to the method described above the grain leather eucalyptus of planting reaches more than 85%.After the cutting strunk 4 months, the long branch eucalyptus robusta that begins to gather to about the 1.5m is pressed leaf, 15 the eucalyptus robusta leaves of gathering respectively, and detect the content of each composition in the leaf.
Embodiment 7
Eucalypt species is Liu An, grows seedlings according to the method described above, transplants, management and cutting strunk process.In the Eucalyptus Seedlings transplanting process, be that the mass ratio of carbonized rice husks, humic fertilizer and the composite fertilizer of 2.5kg is that 4:4:2 mixes with gross weight; Sneak into the termite 2 times per month of going out in the chemical fertilizer with 3% phoxim according to the consumption of every mu of 1000g after transplanting by sapling, the survival rate of educating according to the method described above the grain leather eucalyptus of planting reaches more than 95%.After the cutting strunk 4 months, the long branch Liu An that begins to gather to about the 1.5m presses leaf, 15 the willow eucalyptus leaveses of gathering respectively, and detect the content of each composition in the leaf.
Embodiment 8
Eucalypt species is large eucalyptus, grows seedlings according to the method described above, transplants, management and cutting strunk process.In the Eucalyptus Seedlings transplanting process, be that the mass ratio of carbonized rice husks, humic fertilizer and the composite fertilizer of 2.5kg is that 4:4:2 mixes with gross weight; Sneak into the termite 2 times per month of going out in the chemical fertilizer with 3% phoxim according to the consumption of every mu of 100g after transplanting by sapling, the survival rate of educating according to the method described above the grain leather eucalyptus of planting reaches more than 91%.After the cutting strunk 4 months, the long branch large eucalyptus that begins to gather to about the 1.5m is pressed leaf, 15 the large eucalyptus leaveses of gathering respectively, and detect the content of each composition in the leaf.
Embodiment 9
Eucalypt species is alpine ash, grows seedlings according to the method described above, transplants, management and cutting strunk process.In the Eucalyptus Seedlings transplanting process, be that the mass ratio of carbonized rice husks, humic fertilizer and the composite fertilizer of 2.5kg is that 4:4:2 mixes with gross weight; Sneak into the termite 2 times per month of going out in the chemical fertilizer with 3% phoxim according to the consumption of every mu of 1000g after transplanting by sapling, the survival rate of educating according to the method described above the grain leather eucalyptus of planting reaches more than 89%.After the cutting strunk 4 months, the long branch large eucalyptus that begins to gather to about the 1.5m is pressed leaf, 15 the large eucalyptus leaveses of gathering respectively, and detect the content of each composition in the leaf.
Embodiment 10
Eucalypt species is eucalyptus citriodora, grows seedlings according to the method described above, transplants, management and cutting strunk process.In the Eucalyptus Seedlings transplanting process, be that the mass ratio of carbonized rice husks, humic fertilizer and the composite fertilizer of 2.5kg is that 4:4:2 mixes with gross weight; Sneak into the termite 2 times per month of going out in the chemical fertilizer with 3% phoxim according to the consumption of every mu of 1000g after transplanting by sapling, the survival rate of educating according to the method described above the grain leather eucalyptus of planting reaches more than 92%.After the cutting strunk 4 months, the long branch eucalyptus citriodora that begins to gather to about the 1.5m is pressed leaf, 15 the eucalyptus citriodora leaves of gathering respectively, and detect the content of each composition in the leaf.
Different types of same time period gathers presses leaf, sees Table 1 through the analysis result mean value of same methods analyst nutrient component:
As can be seen from Table 1 wherein protein content higher tallow wood, 17.95% arranged; The grain leather eucalyptus, 17.00%, gray gum, 15.65%.Crude fat content is higher E.Propinqua, 48.5; Tallow wood, 48.0; Gray gum, 41; Alpine ash, 39; The grain leather eucalyptus, 39; Large eucalyptus, 39.Crude fiber content is with tallow wood, and 98; Alpine ash, 92.5; Eucalyptus citriodora, 89.5 is higher.The Analysis on Nutritious Ingredient of Fattening result of these eucalyptus leaveses shows: educate the eucalyptus of planting by method of the present invention and can satisfy the required various nutrition of tree bear feed.
Above-mentioned embodiment only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this, and the variation of any unsubstantiality that those skilled in the art does on basis of the present invention and replacement all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
- An eucalyptus educate method for planting, it is characterized in that: it has comprised following steps:Seed selection: select to be fit to the eucalypt species of planting site climatic condition according to the nutritional need of tree bear, introduce the seed of selected eucalypt species from Australia;Grow seedlings: the eucalyptus seed of choosing is carried out the eucalyptus tissue by the eucalyptus medium cultivate under gnotobasis in test tube, the humidity of environment is controlled at more than 85% in the incubation, temperature is controlled at 20~28 ℃, light application time is controlled at 5-8 hour/every day, cultivate 40-50 days to Eucalyptus Seedlings true leaf 2-3 sheet, transplant behind the about 1.5cm of axial root system to the seedbed and cultivated 30-40 days in the nutritious bag;Eucalyptus Seedlings is transplanted: the above-mentioned Eucalyptus Seedlings of cultivating grows to plant height 25-35cm, and during true leaf 8-10 sheet, go out the seedbed and transplant to the eucalyptus planting base, plantation standard plant pit 40cm * 40cm, spacing in the rows 2m * 2m adds carbonized rice husks and humic fertilizer, and imposes chemical fertilizer;The management of transplanted seedling: the above-mentioned transplanting organized tenderly to the eucalyptus of eucalyptus planting base, surrounding air humidity is controlled at more than 85%; And the processing of sheltering from heat or light, moisturizing and the management 10~15d that shelters from heat or light, 7d be then progressively wet down and minimizing shading later on, progressively adapts to the weather in the external world to Eucalyptus Seedlings; Regularly weeding in moisturizing and the processing procedure of sheltering from heat or light, cleaning is once per month; Topdress simultaneously, topdressed once in per 15 days;The eucalyptus cutting strunk is processed: when the Eucalyptus Seedlings after the above-mentioned transplanting grows to trunk diameter 6-8cm, carry out cutting strunk in the position that the liftoff 1.5m of eucalyptus is high, remove the growth apical dominance of eucalyptus, increase branch's output.
- Eucalyptus according to claim 1 educate method for planting, it is characterized in that: the kind of described eucalypt species comprises one or more in Queensland spire eucalyptus, swamp mahogany, red gum, Dunne eucalyptus, E.Propinqua tree, small cap eucalyptus, spot skin eucalyptus, grain leather eucalyptus, willow eucalyptus, the lemon scented gum.
- Eucalyptus according to claim 1 educate method for planting, it is characterized in that: described medium comprises that the inducing eucalyptus seed directly is divided into the medium that the medium of the root induction callus of the medium of the numerous bud of bud of the medium of callus, eucalyptus seedling, eucalyptus seedling, inducing eucalyptus hypocotyl Bud Differentiation medium and inducing eucalyptus hypocotyl are divided into embryo callus.
- Eucalyptus according to claim 3 educate method for planting, it is characterized in that: described medium comprises that the prescription that the inducing eucalyptus seed directly is divided into the medium of callus is: MS+KT1.0mg/L+2,4-D2.0mg/L+ cysteine 30mg/L; The medium of the numerous bud of bud of described eucalyptus seedling is MS+BA2.0mg/L+IAA0.2mg/L; The medium of the root induction callus of described eucalyptus seedling is MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L; Described inducing eucalyptus hypocotyl Bud Differentiation medium is B5+6-BA2.0mg/L+2,4-D0.2mg/L; The medium that described inducing eucalyptus hypocotyl is divided into embryo callus is B5+Ad2.0mg/L+IAA0.2mg/L.
- Eucalyptus according to claim 1 educate method for planting, it is characterized in that: the mass ratio that described Eucalyptus Seedlings is transplanted carbonized rice husks, humic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in the step is 4:4:2.
- 6. according to claim 1-5 each described eucalyptus educate method for planting, it is characterized in that: it has also comprised the extermination of disease and insect pest, the described extermination of disease and insect pest has comprised that termite control method, longicorn worm stay the method for preventing and treating of dried larva and the method for preventing and treating of mushroom disease.
- 7. eucalyptus according to claim 6 educates method for planting, it is characterized in that: described termite control method comprise with 10% diazinon particle according to the consumption of every mu of 500g or with 5% phoxim according to the consumption of every mu of 1000g mix with chemical fertilizer in, execute 1-2 time per month.
- Eucalyptus according to claim 6 educate method for planting, it is characterized in that: the method for preventing and treating that described longicorn worm is stayed dried larva comprises annually whitewashes and manually catches and kills trunk.
- Eucalyptus according to claim 6 educate method for planting, it is characterized in that: the method for preventing and treating of described mushroom disease comprises that diseased plant destroys and sterilization processing is carried out in the plot around the diseased plant.
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JP4687028B2 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2011-05-25 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Cutting plant seedling production method of Eucalyptus plant |
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