CN110199721B - Light-matrix deep-planting seedling cultivation method - Google Patents
Light-matrix deep-planting seedling cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110199721B CN110199721B CN201910625873.4A CN201910625873A CN110199721B CN 110199721 B CN110199721 B CN 110199721B CN 201910625873 A CN201910625873 A CN 201910625873A CN 110199721 B CN110199721 B CN 110199721B
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006238 degradable plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 9
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 3
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018650 Pinus massoniana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008582 Pinus sylvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218626 Pinus sylvestris Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
- A01G27/04—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots using wicks or the like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a light matrix deep planting seedling cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: s1: preparing an elongated seedling raising barrel with an aspect ratio of 5-10; s2, after dipping the water guide sliver into the water retention agent, pressing one end of the water guide sliver by using a supporting rod and standing in a seedling barrel; s3: filling the light base material into the seedling raising barrel until the light base material is compacted at a height of 3-5 cm away from the upper end of the seedling raising barrel; s4: after the wood seeds are put in the place close to the water guide cotton sliver, the light base materials are continuously filled; s5: the supporting rod is drawn out to keep the water guide cotton sliver in the light base material, and then the water at the bottom of the seedling raising barrel is soaked in water to absorb enough water, and the seedling raising barrel is uniformly placed in a proper environment for cultivation; s6: the tree seeds bud for 30 to 45 days, and the water is mixed with compound fertilizer to supplement nutrition required by the growth of the seedlings; when water is supplemented, water is transported from bottom to top by adopting water spraying at the upper part and water immersing at the lower part as a water management measure, and the growth and growth of root systems are promoted by utilizing the characteristic that the root systems of the seedlings grow towards water. The invention is used for cultivating deep-planted seedlings for dry land forestation, and improves the survival rate and drought resistance of the seedlings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method of seedlings, in particular to a cultivation method of light-matrix deep-cultivated seedlings.
Background
Forestry forestation projects such as mountain forestation, sand prevention, sand control, returning and cultivation in Tai mountain areas in Hebei province are mainly carried out in arid areas. In the prior container seedling production, a method for filling nutrition cups by utilizing surface soil such as forest surface soil, sandy soil, black calcium soil and the like is commonly adopted, for example, a matrix formula of larch comprises 80% of forest surface soil (black brown forest soil) and 20% of sheep manure; 50% of turfy soil, 30% of vermiculite and 20% of perlite; 90% of black calcium soil, 10% of sheep manure and a small amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. The matrix formula of the pinus sylvestris comprises 65% of sandy soil and 35% of decomposed horse and sheep manure; 60% of yellow core soil, 30% of humus soil and 10% of sand, 1 kg of calcium superphosphate is added to each 50 kg of soil (3% of ferrous sulfate for disinfection, 15 kg of liquid medicine is sprayed to each cubic soil), and the like.
The disadvantage of these approaches is that the use of surface soil can cause artificial damage to the local natural environment; and the filling soil in the seedling raising container is heavier, which is not beneficial to the loading, unloading and transportation of the seedlings (the seedlings are crushed or root systems are damaged in the transportation), and the labor cost is higher. The common container seedlings have limited length of the nutrition cup, do not have artificial induction of root system downward growth, have limited length of the root system, are easy to generate nest root phenomenon, can not utilize deep soil moisture after afforestation in arid areas, and often have the phenomena of low afforestation survival rate, poor growth condition and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a light-matrix deep-planting seedling cultivation method, which is characterized in that by designing a proper seedling cultivation container and combining a proper seedling cultivation method, damage to mountain forest surface soil and vegetation is reduced, seedling transportation is facilitated, seedling root system downward growth is promoted, long-root seedlings suitable for deep planting are cultivated, deep soil water can be fully utilized after afforestation, and drought resistance and afforestation survival rate of the afforestation seedlings in arid areas are improved.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the main technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
a light-matrix deep-planting seedling cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
S1: preparing an elongated seedling raising barrel, wherein the ratio of the height to the diameter of the seedling raising barrel is 5-10, ventilation holes are formed in the side wall of the seedling raising barrel at intervals, and water permeable holes are formed in the bottom of the seedling raising barrel;
S2, after the water guide sliver is impregnated with the water retention agent, pressing one end of the water guide sliver by using a supporting rod and standing in the seedling raising barrel;
s3: filling a light base material into the seedling raising barrel, so that the light base material is positioned between the water guide sliver and the inner side wall of the seedling raising barrel and is filled to a height of 3-5 cm away from the upper end of the seedling raising barrel for compaction;
the light base material is light culture soil obtained by composting and decomposing biomass-containing waste;
S4: placing pretreated forest seeds close to the water guide cotton sliver, and continuously filling light base materials to the position close to the upper end of the seedling raising barrel for compaction;
S5: the supporting rod is pulled out, the water guide cotton sliver is reserved in the light base material of the seedling raising barrel, the bottom of the seedling raising barrel is placed in water with the water depth of 1/3-1/2 of the height of the seedling raising barrel for soaking, water is fully absorbed, and then the seedling raising barrel is placed in a proper environment for seedling raising;
S6: the tree seeds bud for 30 to 45 days, and the water is mixed with compound fertilizer to supplement nutrition required by the growth of the seedlings; when water is supplemented, water is transported from bottom to top by adopting water spraying at the upper part and water immersing at the lower part as a water management measure, and the growth and growth of root systems are promoted by utilizing the characteristic that the root systems of the seedlings grow towards water.
In step S1, the height of the seedling raising barrel is 40-50 cm, and the average diameter is 5-8 cm; the seedling raising barrel is a straight pipe type or truncated cone type barrel body; the average diameter is 1/2 of the sum of the upper end diameter and the lower end diameter.
The seedling raising barrel with the height of 40-50cm and the diameter of 5-8cm can meet the culture requirement of deep-planted seedlings for forestation in arid areas, and the smaller and shorter seedling raising container is not beneficial to the culture of deep-planted seedlings for forestation and the formation of long root systems. The survival of the nursery stock refers to that the planted nursery stock can absorb and utilize the soil nutrition and moisture in the planting area and start to grow normally.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the wall thickness of the seedling raising barrel is 0.3-0.5 mm, the diameter of the ventilation hole is 0.2-0.4 cm, and the diameter of the water permeable hole is 0.4-0.6 cm. Preferably, the air holes are arranged at the position 10cm away from the upper end of the seedling raising barrel on the outer wall of the seedling raising barrel, and one air hole is arranged every 5-10 cm. The purpose that the bleeder vent set up is that the seedling bucket is because of the higher problem that influences the normal breathing of seedling root system of height is prevented.
In step S1, the seedling raising barrel is made of degradable plastic.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the water retaining agent for impregnating the water-retaining sliver specifically includes: adding water into a starch-based water-retaining agent to prepare a thin paste, and fully soaking a water-guiding cotton sliver made of water-absorbing cotton into the thin paste and taking out; the length of the water guide sliver is more than or equal to the depth of the seedling raising barrel, and the diameter or the width of the water guide sliver is 1/5 of the diameter of the seedling raising barrel.
Preferably, the width or diameter of the water guiding sliver is 1-1.5 cm. The water guide sliver has the function of promoting the conduction and transportation of the water in the light base material and overcoming the defect that the light base material is unfavorable for the rapid conduction of the water. The water-retaining agent can improve the water retention property and water delivery property of the water-guiding sliver.
In step S2, the support rod is an elongated wooden stick or wire.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the bulk density of the light base material is about 200-600 kg/m 3. The light base material can reduce the transportation cost of the seedlings to the forestation land, avoid the seedlings from being crushed in the transportation process, reduce the damage rate of the seedlings, reduce the bearing capacity of the seedling raising barrel and reduce the requirement on the strength of the seedling raising barrel, and enable the seedling raising barrel to be made of thinner and more easily degradable materials.
In step S3, the light base material is crushed to obtain a grain size less than or equal to 2cm in length and less than or equal to 2mm in thickness from agricultural straw, tree branches and leaves or mushroom residues, and then is subjected to composting and decomposing treatment, and after decomposing, the light base material is uniformly mixed with decomposed cow dung according to a ratio of 3:1, and the water content of 50-60% is kept for standby. The agricultural straw, tree branches and leaves or mushroom residues and other wastes are rich in sources and are themselves wastes, so that the problem that surface vegetation is artificially damaged due to soil taking from the surface of mountain forests, fields and the like is avoided.
Preferably, the agricultural straw, tree branches and leaves or mushroom residues are crushed into particles with the length not more than 2cm and the thickness not more than 2mm, and then are subjected to stack retting and decomposition treatment.
Preferably, the microbial inoculum for composting and decomposing is selected from one or more of beneficial straw starter, king straw starter and EM straw starter, and the composting and decomposing process comprises the following steps: crushing biomass-containing waste (agricultural straw, tree branches and leaves or mushroom residues and the like), adding water, uniformly mixing, keeping the water content at 60% -70%, adding the microbial agent, fully and uniformly mixing, stacking, compacting, removing redundant air, and covering plastic cloth on the surface for sealing and decomposing. When the temperature reaches above 15 ℃, the decomposing can be completed within about 30 days, and the product can be used after no odor.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the pretreated wood seeds are coated or germinated seeds. Wherein the light base material is filled to be compacted near the upper end of the seedling raising barrel, and the distance between the light base material and the upper end of the seedling raising barrel is about 0.5-2 cm.
In step S5, the suitable environment is preferably an environment that is protected from sunlight and has a humidity of 20 to 70% and a temperature of 25 to 35 ℃.
In step S6, the compound fertilizer is a commonly used agricultural fertilizer. For example, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer for farmers to plant vegetables, melons and fruits, and the like.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further includes a step S7: planting the seedlings: when the seedlings meet the forestation requirement and need to be planted, the bottom of the seedling raising barrel is cut off and then is integrally placed in a seedling pit of a forestation site together with the seedling raising barrel, a light base material and the seedlings, a hook-shaped knife is inserted into a gap between the outer wall of the seedling raising barrel and the inner wall of the seedling pit, the side wall of the seedling raising barrel is penetrated up and down and is scratched, and 2-4 equal parts of the outer peripheral wall of the seedling raising barrel are scratched to help the root system of the seedlings to be successfully rooted in deep soil of the forestation site.
(III) beneficial effects
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The invention reduces damage to the surface soil and vegetation of mountain forest by designing a proper seedling raising container and combining a proper seedling raising method, is beneficial to seedling transportation, promotes the downward growth of seedling root systems, and improves drought resistance and survival rate of forestation seedlings in arid areas.
According to the invention, the light base material is used for replacing mountain forest or field surface layer soil sampling, so that damage to surface layer soil and vegetation is reduced, and the whole quality of the seedling raising barrel is light, thereby reducing the carrying labor amount and the carrying pressure and reducing the seedling damage problem caused by carrying; the invention utilizes the water guide cotton sliver to convey water, overcomes the defect that the light base material is unfavorable for the rapid water transmission, and the water retention agent immersed by the water guide cotton sliver can improve the water retention rate and is beneficial to improving the survival rate of seedling cultivation and the survival rate of the initial stage of planting. The slender seedling raising barrel and proper water management measures are utilized to cultivate seedlings with long root systems, which is beneficial to deep planting of the seedlings, and the deep soil can be utilized in advance for water growth in arid areas, so that the survival rate is improved; the method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, easy grasp and convenient popularization, and has good use prospect. The slender seedling raising barrel occupies a small area, and is very convenient for mass transportation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a seedling raising barrel structure of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic operation diagram of the light-matrix deep-planting seedling cultivation method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better explained by the following detailed description of the embodiments with reference to the drawings.
Referring to FIG. 1, a seedling raising barrel 10 used in the light-matrix deep-planting seedling raising method of the invention is made of degradable plastic. The ratio of the height to the diameter of the seedling raising barrel 10 is 5-10, the side wall of the seedling raising barrel 10 is provided with ventilation holes 101 at intervals, and the bottom is provided with water permeable holes 102. The center of the seedling raising barrel 10 supports the water guide sliver 30 through a fine wood stick or fine iron wire 20, and the light base material 40 is filled around the water guide sliver 30. Preferably, the height of the seedling raising barrel 10 is 40-50cm, the diameter is 5-8cm, and the wall thickness is 0.3-0.5 mm. The ventilation holes 101 on the seedling raising barrel 10 are arranged at intervals of 10cm from the position 10cm away from the upper end of the seedling raising barrel 10, and the diameter of the ventilation holes 101 is 0.2-0.4 cm. As shown in fig. 1, 8 ventilation holes 101 are provided. The water permeable hole 102 is arranged at the bottom of the seedling raising barrel 10, and the diameter is 0.4-0.6 cm. The water guide sliver 30 is made of pure cotton material, and has a width or diameter of 1 cm-1.5 cm.
Among them, the water-guiding sliver 30 is a water-guiding sliver impregnated with a water-retaining agent. The water-retaining agent is preferably a water-retaining agent that is biodegradable in soil, such as a starch-based water-retaining agent. Adding water into starch-based water-retaining agent to prepare thin paste, and then fully soaking the thin paste into the water-guiding cotton sliver made of water-absorbing cotton, and taking out. The length of the water guide sliver 30 is greater than or equal to the depth of the seedling raising barrel 10, so that the upper end of the water guide sliver 30 can reach the top of the seedling raising barrel 10 and the lower end can reach the bottom of the seedling raising barrel 10.
The light weight base material 40 is light weight culture soil obtained by composting and decomposing biomass-containing waste. Specifically, the biomass waste such as agricultural straw, tree branches and leaves or mushroom residues is crushed into granularity with the length not more than 2cm and the coarseness not more than 2mm, then is subjected to stack retting and decomposition treatment, and is uniformly mixed with decomposed cow dung according to the ratio of 3:1 after decomposition, and the water content of 50-60% is kept for standby. Preferably, the microbial inoculum for composting and decomposing is one or a mixture of more than one selected from beneficial straw starter, king straw starter and EM straw starter, and the composting and decomposing process is as follows: adding water into the biomass-containing waste (after the agricultural straw, the tree branches and leaves or the mushroom residues are crushed) and uniformly mixing, keeping the water content at 60% -70%, then adding the microbial agent, fully and uniformly mixing, stacking and compacting to remove redundant air, and covering plastic cloth on the waste for sealing and decomposing. When the temperature reaches above 15 ℃, the decomposing can be completed within about 30 days, and the product can be used after no odor. Preferably, the final light base 40 has a bulk density of about 200 to 600kg/m 3.
In this embodiment, the seedling raising barrel 10 is a straight tubular barrel body, and may be also a truncated cone-shaped barrel body; the average diameter is 1/2 of the sum of the upper end diameter and the lower end diameter.
The light matrix deep-planting seedling cultivation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the seedling raising barrel 10;
s2, after the water guide sliver 30 is soaked in the water retention agent, pressing the lower end of the water guide sliver 30 by using a fine wood rod or iron wire 20, and supporting the upper end of the water guide sliver 30 and the fine wood rod or iron wire 20 to enable the water guide sliver 30 to be erected in the seedling raising barrel 10;
S3: filling the light base material 40 into the seedling raising barrel 10 around the water guide cotton sliver 30, and compacting the light base material 40 to a position which is about 3-5cm away from the upper end of the seedling raising barrel 10;
S4: after placing the treated (coated or germinated) tree seeds adjacent to the water-guiding cotton sliver 30, continuing to fill the light base material 40 to a position about 1cm from the upper end of the seedling raising barrel 10 for compaction;
S5: the fine wood rod or wire 20 is withdrawn, leaving the tampon 30 in the lightweight matrix 40. Then the bottom of the seedling raising barrel 10 is placed in water with the depth of 20-25 cm for soaking, enough water is absorbed, and then the seedling raising barrel is placed in a dark environment with the humidity of 20-70% and the temperature of 25-35 ℃ for seedling raising;
S6: the tree seeds bud for 30 to 45 days, and the water is mixed with compound fertilizer to supplement nutrition required by the growth of the seedlings; the compound fertilizer is a common agricultural fertilizer. For example, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for farmers to plant vegetables and fruits is prepared into dilute solution with the concentration of 0.5-1% for supplying.
When water is supplemented, the upper atomization spraying water is adopted, and the lower soaking water is combined with the water management measure to transport the water from bottom to top, so that the root system downward growth and growth are promoted by utilizing the characteristic that the root system of the seedling grows towards the water. And (3) supplementing water approximately every 3-8 days according to the characteristics and specific conditions of the forest tree.
S7: when the seedlings meet the forestation requirement and need to be planted, the bottom of the seedling raising barrel 10 is cut off, the seedling raising barrel 10, the light base material 40 and the seedlings are integrally placed in a pre-punched seedling pit in a forestation site, a hook-shaped knife is inserted into a gap between the outer wall of the seedling raising barrel 10 and the inner wall of the seedling pit, the side wall of the seedling raising barrel is penetrated up and down, and the 2-4 equal parts of the outer peripheral wall of the seedling raising barrel are scratched to help the root system of the seedlings to be successfully rooted in deep soil in the forestation site.
Application example
By using the method, a seedling raising barrel with the diameter of 8cm and the height of 50cm is prepared. The diameter of the ventilation holes on the side wall of the seedling raising barrel is 0.2cm, one ventilation hole is arranged every 10cm in the height direction, and 2 symmetrical ventilation holes are arranged on each horizontal height, namely 8 ventilation holes. The number of the permeable holes is 6, and the diameter is 0.5cm. The wall thickness of the seedling raising barrel made of degradable plastic is 0.4mm. The water-guiding sliver is cylindrical with the diameter of 1.5cm, and the water-retaining agent is starch-based water-retaining agent. The light base material is prepared by crushing corn straw, and adding a king straw starter and an EM straw starter according to the mass of 1:1, mixing the microbial inoculum, and fermenting for 30 days to thoroughly decompose. A batch of 5000 seedlings (the seedling variety is Chinese pine) is cultivated in the period of 2016-2018, 4-1/20 days by Hebei province forestry science institute, the cultivation period is 2 years, and the compound fertilizer is an agricultural nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. Culturing the seedlings to a height of 10 cm-20 cm, preparing for planting to a forestation base, transporting to the forestation base of a Zhangjia Xuanjia forestation base, and planting by using a pit-digging machine. After one year of planting, the survival rate of the batch of seedlings is up to more than 95%, and the overall growth condition is good; under the same management measures, the survival rate of the batch of planted seedlings is improved by more than 10 percent compared with the survival rate of the planted seedlings of the common container seedlings and the common bare root seedlings.
Claims (10)
1. The light matrix deep-planting seedling cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1: preparing an elongated seedling raising barrel, wherein the ratio of the height to the diameter of the seedling raising barrel is 5-10, ventilation holes are formed in the side wall of the seedling raising barrel at intervals, and water permeable holes are formed in the bottom of the seedling raising barrel;
S2, after the water guide sliver is impregnated with the water retention agent, pressing one end of the water guide sliver by using a supporting rod and standing in the seedling raising barrel;
s3: filling a light base material into the seedling raising barrel, so that the light base material is positioned between the water guide sliver and the inner side wall of the seedling raising barrel and is filled to a height of 3-5 cm away from the upper end of the seedling raising barrel for compaction;
the light base material is light culture soil obtained by composting and decomposing biomass-containing waste;
S4: placing pretreated forest seeds close to the water guide cotton sliver, and continuously filling light base materials to the position close to the upper end of the seedling raising barrel for compaction;
S5: the supporting rod is pulled out, the water guide cotton sliver is reserved in the light base material of the seedling raising barrel, the bottom of the seedling raising barrel is placed in water with the water depth of 1/3-1/2 of the height of the seedling raising barrel for soaking, water is fully absorbed, and then the seedling raising barrel is placed in a proper environment for seedling raising;
S6: the tree seeds bud for 30 to 45 days, and the water is mixed with compound fertilizer to supplement nutrition required by the growth of the seedlings; when water is supplemented, water is transported from bottom to top by adopting water spraying at the upper part and water immersing at the lower part as a water management measure, and the growth and growth of root systems are promoted by utilizing the characteristic that the root systems of the seedlings grow towards water.
2. The method for cultivating light-matrix deep-cultivated seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the height of the seedling raising barrel is 40-50 cm, and the average diameter is 5-8 cm; the seedling raising barrel is a straight pipe type or truncated cone type barrel body; the average diameter is 1/2 of the sum of the upper end diameter and the lower end diameter.
3. The method for cultivating light-matrix deep-cultivated seedlings according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the wall thickness of the seedling raising barrel is 0.3-0.5 mm, the diameter of the ventilation holes is 0.2-0.4 cm, and the diameter of the water permeable holes is 0.4-0.6 cm.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the seedling raising barrel is made of degradable plastic.
5. The light matrix deep-planting seedling cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the water retaining agent impregnating the water retaining sliver specifically comprises: adding water into a starch-based water-retaining agent to prepare a thin paste, fully dipping a water-guiding cotton sliver made of water-absorbing cotton into the thin paste, and taking out; the length of the water guide sliver is more than or equal to the depth of the seedling raising barrel, and the diameter or the width of the water guide sliver is 1/5 of the diameter of the seedling raising barrel.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S2, the support rod is an elongated wood rod or iron wire.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the bulk density of the light base material is 200-600 kg/m 3.
8. The method for cultivating light-matrix deep-cultivated seedlings according to claim 7, wherein in the step S3, the light-matrix is prepared by crushing agricultural straws, tree branches and leaves or mushroom residues to obtain a particle size less than or equal to 2cm in length and less than or equal to 2mm in thickness, composting and decomposing, uniformly mixing the decomposed materials with decomposed cow dung according to a ratio of 3:1, and keeping the water content of 50-60% for later use.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the pretreated wood seeds are coated or germinated seeds.
10. The light matrix deep-cultivated plant cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-9, further comprising a step S7:
Planting the seedlings: when the seedlings meet the forestation requirement and need to be planted, the bottom of the seedling raising barrel is cut off and then is integrally placed in a seedling pit of a forestation site together with the seedling raising barrel, a light base material and the seedlings, a hook-shaped knife is inserted into a gap between the outer wall of the seedling raising barrel and the inner wall of the seedling pit, the side wall of the seedling raising barrel is penetrated up and down and is scratched, and 2-4 equal parts of the peripheral wall of the seedling raising barrel are scratched to help the root system of the seedlings to be successfully rooted in deep soil of the forestation site.
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