CN116195461A - Commercial cultivation method for acer camphora germplasm container seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The camphor She Qi container seedling technology belongs to the field of artificial plant propagation technology. In particular to a camphor She Qi container cultivation and extraction method. The seedling raising process has strict requirements on management technical links such as seed harvesting, storage, matrix disinfection, seedling transplanting and the like, proper matrix formula is selected, uniform sowing technical requirements and reasonable seedling transplanting management scheme are adopted, the seed emergence rate is improved, the seedling raising survival rate and the growth rate of the camphor She Qi container are greatly improved, and a material foundation is provided for popularization and application of the camphor She Qi.

Description

Commercial cultivation method for acer camphora germplasm container seedlings

Technical Field

The invention designs a container seedling raising method, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of acer palmatum germplasm container seedlings.

Background

The camphor She Qi (Acer cinnamomifolium Hayata) is a species of maple (Aceraceae) genus (Acer l.) and is a species of evergreen tree, dense in leaves and dense in shade, and is an excellent species of garden and street tree. The camphor She Qi is resistant to half shadow, warmth and moist climate, has no freeze injury at-9 ℃, and is slightly cold-resistant. Mainly distributed in the south of Yangtze river, the camphor She Qi is mainly bred by seeds or cutting, but has lower yield and poor quality, directly influences the landscape effect and ecological benefit, and is difficult to meet the requirements of directional, high-quality and standardized breeding, and container breeding plays an extremely important role in improving the survival rate of camphor She Qi and standardized breeding. In the south of China, strong light in summer is a key factor influencing the growth and development of container seedlings, and the strong light can have profound effects on the growth, light and action, transpiration, respiration, material transportation, synthesis and the like of the seedlings, and proper shading is beneficial to the growth and development of the seedlings. At present, few reports about the container seedlings of camphor She Qi are about, and particularly, the adaptability of the container seedlings of camphor She Qi and the like is lack of systematic research.

The container seedling raising is an advanced form of current garden plant seedling raising, and the container seedling raising can save seeds, save seedling raising cost, improve the survival rate of seedling raising and transplanting, and the seedlings cultivated by the container have the advantages of fast growth, good quality, strong stalks and developed root systems. Regarding container seedling raising of camphor She Qi, some scholars have conducted related researches in the past, such as Qian Pingxian (influence of shading on growth and physiological characteristics of container seedling of camphor She Qi, and agricultural journal of Jiangsu province, 2015, 31 (3), 667-672), when researching the breeding technology of camphor She Qi, container seedling raising is adopted, seeding and raising seedlings are carried out in a nutrition pot in a multi-span greenhouse, and seeds are covered by coke ash.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for cultivating camphor She Qi seed in a container, which not only carries out comprehensive research on the whole set of method for cultivating the camphor She Qi seed in the container, but also correspondingly adjusts the fine parts of culture medium, cultivation management measures and the like, and the test result is obviously superior to the scheme in the prior art.

The invention relates to a cultivation technology of a germplasm container seedling of Acer palmatum, which comprises the following steps:

step 1: seed harvesting and storage

And selecting an excellent single plant with strong growth vigor, correct tree shape, no diseases and insects and more than 20 years old as a seed collection parent tree. Fruits are harvested at the end of 10 months to mid-11 months when the butterfly seeds turn grey, yellow or pale yellow. After the fruits are picked, the fruits are placed in a shade place for about 1 week, after branch impurities are removed, sand is stored, potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 1% is adopted to disinfect and sterilize river sand before sand storage, and the humidity of the sand is controlled to be 20% -30%.

Step 2: sowing in sunlight greenhouse in the last 3 months of the next year. The seed matrix is prepared in a greenhouse 10 days in advance, the matrix is prepared by adopting the volume ratio of peat to lake mud to sawdust=3:3:4, and a proper amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is added for uniform stirring; uniformly mixing 1% potassium permanganate solution or 10g/m3 into the matrix, and sterilizing the matrix by stacking.

1-2 seeds are sown in a container pot with the thickness of each container pot being 2 times that of the seeds, namely 0.5-1cm, and the substrate is compacted when being covered, so that the seeds and the substrate are tightly stuck, watering is carried out in a micro-spraying mode in time within 6 hours after sowing, the loss of water loss of the buds is prevented, and the nutrition pot is covered by non-woven fabrics after full water spraying. After that, the water is sprayed once a week, the seeds of the camphor She Qi seedlings start to come out of the soil after 3 weeks, and the non-woven fabric is removed in time. And (3) the seed sprouting in the late 4 months is basically completed, and seedling transplantation and seedling withering are carried out according to the sprouting condition of the nutrition pot, so that 1 seedling is planted in each nutrition pot. Spraying is carried out for a short time every day in the afternoon, so that the humidity in the greenhouse is ensured. And when the air temperature is gradually increased for 5 months, ventilation in the white greenhouse is maintained. When the 6-month camphor She Qi seedling is basically 2 complete leaves long, a sunshade net with 75% of light transmittance is selected to carry out necessary shading, the greenhouse keeps a good ventilation state, and the number of spraying times is increased by 1-2 in strong illumination weather. 2 additional fertilizers are respectively carried out at the bottom of 6 months and in the last ten days of 8 months, and 0.3% concentration urea solution foliar fertilizer is applied. 4-5 young leaves are basically grown in 8 months of seedlings. The leaf surface spraying irrigation mode is changed into 1-2 times per week in the late 9 th month, and meanwhile, the sunshade net is taken away to receive full-illumination seedling hardening.

After the temperature of the winter entering is reduced, a small arch shed is built in the sunlight plastic greenhouse so as to ensure that seedlings of the nutrition pot safely pass through winter, and simultaneously, the control of the matrix temperature in the nutrition pot is enhanced.

Step 3: cultivation of container seedlings

Step 3.1: and (5) tending period in the seedling greenhouse. The investment of the organic fertilizer is properly increased, and a small amount of compound fertilizer is mixed and applied. After entering summer, the greenhouse is maintained to be well ventilated in a high-temperature period by adopting a full-illumination spray cultivation mode, and is sprayed for 3-4 times per day for 3-5 minutes each time. And (3) carrying out foliar topdressing on the urea solution with the concentration of 0.3% once a month in the period of 6-8 months. The water supply was reduced after 9 months, and the high growth was controlled. After winter, the container seedlings can safely overwintere in a natural illumination greenhouse, the seedlings grow for two years in the greenhouse by 25-35cm, and the leaves are 12-16.

Step 3.2: large-sized seedlings are cultivated in open field. The 3-year-old Cinnamomum camphora She Qi seedlings enter into the fast-growing period. Transplanting 2-year container seedlings subjected to seedling tending cultivation in the last 3 months into a root control container with the specification of 25cm-45cm for open field cultivation, mixing and preparing a cultivation matrix by adopting peat soil, garden soil, sawdust=3:4:3 in volume ratio, increasing the use amount of decomposed organic fertilizer in a proper amount, and applying 1% of ternary element fertilizer during transplanting. 4-5 months of leaf buds germinate, and timely erasing lateral buds germinated at the base part. And (3) during 5-6 months, foliar top dressing of 0.3% concentration urea solution is carried out 1 time every 20 days, and watering adopts a drip irrigation mode. Foliar application was reduced to once every 30 days for 7-8 months. Stopping foliar top dressing in the late 8 th month, rotating the container seedling by 180 degrees, and enabling the back and yin surfaces to receive more sunlight irradiation. After 4-5 years of cultivation, the average diameter of the seedling stem of the camphor She Qi container is more than 3 cm. Reaching the specifications of forestation and greening application.

Step 4: quality grading of commodity container seedlings

The main reference index factors for quality classification of the camphor She Qi commodity container seedlings are as follows: seedling height, stem diameter, under-branch height, trunk shape, crown roundness and root system development status, and the scores are as follows according to the index: afforestation I, II grade seedlings and road city greening I, II grade seedlings.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the seedling raising process has strict requirements on technical links such as seed harvesting, storage, matrix disinfection and the like, achieves the production quarantine requirements of commercial seedlings, adopts reasonable base fertilizer, leaf surface effect, water supply, pruning and other technical schemes aiming at the characteristics of different stages of container seedling cultivation, improves the commodity rate of high-quality container seedlings, and achieves the purposes of high efficiency and saving. Such as: before sowing, adopting sand storage mode, the thousand grain weight of the camphor She Qi seeds with full seeds is about 176g, and the germination rate of the well developed camphor She Qi seeds is above 92% after natural normal temperature sand storage treatment.

2. The matrix configuration materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, the growth adaptability of the seedlings is good, and the growth is fast. By exploring the seeding matrix and the cultivation matrix, on the basis of the prior art, the common components such as vermiculite, perlite and the like in the matrix are replaced by lake mud, and the lake mud belongs to a key utilization material in the current ecological restoration of water systems and lakes, is not suitable for planting vegetables and grains, but can produce excellent growth promoting effect on camphor She Qi after being matched with saw dust and peat.

3. Aiming at the growth characteristics of camphor She Qi, the cultivation of camphor She Qi container seedlings is divided into 2 stages, namely a seedling tending period and a large-scale seedling open field cultivation period in a greenhouse, so that the damage to the seedlings caused by low temperature in winter is effectively avoided, the growth speed of seedlings is improved, and the cultivation period of engineering seedlings is shortened: the 1 st stage adopts the mode of facility cultivation, has prolonged the nursery stock growth period, avoids water under the open field cultivation condition, temperature uneven to the adverse effect of seedling growth, prevents the winter low temperature cold injury of seedling. At the 2 nd stage, the camphor She Qi seedlings enter the fast growing period, and the cold resistance of the seedlings is obviously improved along with the growth of the seedling, and the open field root control container cultivation mode is carried out at the stage. And culturing the commodity container seedlings with high quality grades.

Detailed Description

Examples

1. Mother plant selection and fruit harvesting

The fruiting rate of the camphor tree She Qi planted in the Nanjing area has the phenomenon of dividing the size into years, so that the camphor tree is selected to grow well, the tree shape is correct, diseases and insect pests are avoided, and an excellent single plant with the tree age of more than 20 years is used as a seed picking parent tree. The fruits of camphor She Qi with the flowering period of 5 months to 6 months and 10 months are mature successively. The best period for harvesting the camphor She Qi seeds is from the bottom of 10 months to the middle of 11 months, and the camphor She Qi fruits are easy to fall off or be damaged by birds after being ripe, so that the butterfly fruits should be harvested in time when the color of the butterfly fruits turns light yellow. The fruits are collected and placed in a shade place for 1-2 weeks, so that the nutrient transformation in the pulp and the seed after-ripening are facilitated. Removing branches and leaves of the placed fruits, sieving to remove impurities, storing the fruits in sand, sterilizing river sand or river sand by adopting a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 1% before storing the fruits, and controlling the humidity of the sand to be 20% -30%. The thousand-grain weight of the full camphor She Qi seeds is about 176g, and the germination rate of the well developed camphor She Qi seeds is above 92% after natural normal-temperature sand storage treatment.

2. Seeding and seedling raising

At the bottom of 2 months in the next year, seeds passing through the sand reservoir start to be slightly exposed to white along with the rise of the air temperature, and the camphor She Qi can be sown in the sunlight greenhouse in the last 3 months. The seeding matrix is prepared in the greenhouse 10 days in advance, the matrix is prepared by adopting the volume ratio of peat to lake mud to sawdust=3:3:4, and a proper amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is added and stirred uniformly. Uniformly mixing 1% potassium permanganate solution or 10g/m3 of zineb medicament into the matrix, and stacking and sterilizing the matrix.

1-2 seeds are sown in a 13cm multiplied by 16cm nutrition pot, the thickness of the substrate coverage is 0.5-1cm, necessary compacting is carried out when the substrate is covered, so that the seeds and the substrate are tightly stuck, watering is carried out in a micro-spraying mode within 6 hours after sowing, the loss of water loss of the buds is prevented, and the nutrition pot is covered by non-woven fabrics for sowing after full water spraying. The non-woven fabrics are permeable, have good air permeability and are favorable for stabilizing the humidity and the temperature in the nutrition pot. According to the climate conditions, spraying water once a week, starting the emergence of the cotyledons of the camphor She Qi seedlings after 2-3 weeks, and timely removing the non-woven fabrics.

The germination of seeds in the late 4 months is basically completed, and the necessary seedling transplantation and seedling withering are carried out according to the germination condition of the nutrition pot so as to ensure 1 seedling per pot. Spraying is carried out in a short time in the morning and afternoon each day, so that the humidity in the greenhouse is ensured. The temperature starts to rise gradually for 5 months, and the ventilation in the white greenhouse should be kept. The 6 month camphor She Qi seedlings basically grow 2 complete leaves, at the moment, the temperature is high, the illumination is strong, a sunshade net with 75% of light transmittance is selected for necessary shading, the greenhouse is required to keep a good ventilation state, and the spraying times are increased by 1-2 times in the morning and afternoon in the weather with strong illumination, so that the purposes of cooling and improving the air humidity are achieved. Foliar fertilization was performed 2 times with 0.3% strength urea solution in the last 7 months and in the middle 8 months, respectively. 4-5 young leaves are basically grown in the late 8 months of seedlings.

The leaf surface spraying irrigation mode is changed from 9 months to 1-2 times per week, and the sunshade net is taken away and the hardening seedlings under full illumination are received at the same time, so that the height growth of the seedlings is controlled, and the lignification degree of the stems of the seedlings is improved.

After winter, the temperature is reduced, the growth of the camphor She Qi seedlings is basically stopped, and the seedlings are damaged due to the fact that the quantity of the matrix in the nutrition pot is small and the matrix is easily frozen in winter extreme low-temperature weather. A small arch shed is built in the sunlight greenhouse to ensure that seedlings in the pot safely live through winter, and meanwhile, the control of matrix temperature in the pot is enhanced, so that drought damage of the seedlings due to negligence in water management caused by low water demand of the seedlings in winter is avoided.

3. Seeding and seedling raising

1. Tending period in seedling greenhouse

After spring, 2 complete leaves are grown in advance of 1 month or so in general compared with the seedlings cultivated in open field due to higher humidity and temperature in the greenhouse. Although the nutrition pot is not replaced, the input of the organic fertilizer is properly increased, a small amount of compound fertilizer is mixed and applied, after the organic fertilizer enters summer, the organic fertilizer is sprayed for 3 to 4 times per day for 3 to 5 minutes by adopting a full-illumination and spray cultivation mode, and good ventilation in the greenhouse is kept in a high-temperature period. And (3) carrying out 0.3% urea foliar top dressing once a month in 6-8 months. 9 months to also reduce the supply of moisture, control high growth. After winter, the container seedlings with the specification can safely overwinter in a natural illumination greenhouse without other protective measures. After 2 years of growth in the greenhouse, the seedlings grow consistently and have the height of about 30-40cm, and the leaves are 14-18 pieces per month.

2. Large-sized seedling open-field cultivation period

The seedling has 2 growth peaks of 5-6 months and 9-10 months in 1 year, and the annual average growth rate is 45-75cm. Along with the growth of seedling age, the low-temperature resistance of the camphor She Qi seedlings to winter is obviously enhanced, and the cold-resistant germplasm 3-5 year seedlings basically have no frost damage in open field winter in Nanjing areas. Transplanting 2-year container seedlings cultivated in the tending period of the seedling greenhouse in the last 3 months into a root control container with the specification of 30cm multiplied by 50cm, and carrying out open field cultivation. The culture medium is prepared by mixing peat soil, garden soil and sawdust=3:4:3 in volume ratio, the use amount of decomposed organic fertilizer is increased appropriately, and 1% of ternary element fertilizer is applied during transplanting. And 4-5 months of leaf buds germinate, side buds germinated on the base are erased in time, and side branches competing for trunk growth are pruned or retracted in time. The growth stage of the camphor She Qi seedling branches is strong in germination force, the growth quantity of the lateral branches is large, if the bud picking and the lateral branch removal are not timely, a plurality of competing branches with balanced growth vigor can appear frequently, so that the growth of a trunk is influenced, and the quality grade of commodity container seedlings is reduced. The seedlings grow rapidly in 5-6 months, and have high growth capacity of approximately 20-30cm, foliar dressing of 0.3% concentration urea solution is carried out 1 time every 20 days, and watering adopts a drip irrigation mode so as to save labor and ensure uniform and sufficient water supply. The air temperature is higher in 7-8 months, and the foliar fertilization is reduced to be once every 30 days, so that the page burn is avoided, and the lignification of the new paper strip is also facilitated. Stopping foliar topdressing in late 8 months, turning the container seedling 180 degrees under the conditional condition, enabling the dorsal-negative surface to receive more sunlight irradiation, promoting the branches to be fully lignified before creeping, and simultaneously avoiding the deflection of tree crowns.

Claims (4)

1. A container seedling raising technology of camphor She Qi is characterized in that the germination rate is improved and excellent growth promoting effect can be produced on camphor She Qi by seed harvesting, storing, sowing and transplanting methods.

2. The method for raising seedlings of camphor She Qi containers according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method for harvesting and storing seeds is as follows: and selecting an excellent single plant with strong growth vigor, correct tree shape, no diseases and insects and more than 20 years old as a seed collection parent tree. Fruits are harvested at the end of 10 months to mid-11 months when the butterfly seeds turn grey, yellow or pale yellow. After the fruits are picked, the fruits are placed in a shade place for about 1 week, after branch impurities are removed, sand is stored, potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 1% is adopted to disinfect and sterilize river sand before sand storage, and the humidity of the sand is controlled to be 20% -30%.

3. The method for cultivating the camphor She Qi container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the volume ratio of the sowing matrix formula is peat soil, lake mud and sawdust=3:3:4, and then a proper amount of thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer is added for uniform stirring. Uniformly mixing the zineb medicament in the matrix according to the proportion of 1% potassium permanganate solution or 10g/m < 3 >, and stacking and sterilizing the matrix.

4. The method for cultivating the camphor She Qi container seedlings according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the 3-year-old camphor She Qi seedlings enter a fast-growing period, 2-year container seedlings which are nursed by a seedling greenhouse in the last 3 months are transplanted into a root control container with the specification of 25cm multiplied by 45cm for open field cultivation, the transplanting matrix formula is prepared by mixing peat soil, garden soil, sawdust=3:4:3 in volume ratio, and 1% of three-element fertilizer is applied. 4-5 months of leaf buds germinate, and side buds germinated on the base are removed in time. 5-6 months, applying 0.2% urea solution 1 time per half month of leaf surface, and watering by drip irrigation. Leaf dressing was reduced to one dressing every 30 days for 7-8 months. Stopping foliar top dressing in the last 9 th month, rotating the container by 180 degrees, and allowing the back surface to receive more sunlight.