CN113142001A - Method for rapid boll formation by cotton generation-adding breeding - Google Patents
Method for rapid boll formation by cotton generation-adding breeding Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for rapid boll formation by cotton generation-adding breeding, and relates to the technical field of cotton breeding and cultivation. The breeding method comprises the following steps: after germination, cotton seeds are sowed in a matrix, and management in a seedling stage, a bud stage and a boll stage is respectively carried out, and Hoagland nutrient solution is supplemented until the seeds are harvested. The breeding method can be used for cultivating strong cotton plants indoors to produce cotton bolls with the boll weight of more than 4g, breeding can be carried out for 3-4 times in one year, the method can be applied to cotton generation-adding breeding, the cotton growth period can be effectively shortened, the breeding process is accelerated, the fatigue of cotton breeding in different places is avoided, and time, labor and material resources are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding and cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for rapid boll formation by cotton generation-added breeding.
Background
Cotton is the main raw material of the textile industry and is the most important commercial crop worldwide. The variety improvement is one of the important factors for improving the yield per unit of cotton. In the cotton breeding work, the creation and screening of new materials need backcross, selfing, hybridization and other links, and the selfing of 5-6 generations can obtain relatively homozygous breeding materials. The cotton has long growth period, and breeding workers generally carry out field generation addition once in summer and carry out allopatric generation addition once before Hainan in winter so as to realize twice generation addition in one year. The generation adding method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the generation is added at most twice in one year, so that the cotton breeding process is severely restricted. Therefore, a method which can save time and labor, can rapidly breed and has more generation times is urgently needed to accelerate the breeding speed of cotton varieties.
The artificial climate chamber is not influenced by external environmental conditions, can meet the environmental conditions required by the cotton growth to the maximum extent, realizes the annual growth in the cotton chamber, and accelerates the progress of breeding work to the maximum extent.
Therefore, the method for indoor cultivation of cotton in the artificial climate chamber is explored, the cotton growth process is accelerated under the condition that cotton boll formation is not influenced, indoor annual propagation of cotton is realized, and the method has important significance for shortening the breeding period and saving the breeding cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for breeding cotton in additional generations to quickly form bolls, which shortens the breeding period, can perform the additional generations 3-4 times in 1 year, does not affect the boll formation of the cotton, and can produce seed cotton with more than 4g of single bolls.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for cotton generation-adding breeding and rapid boll-forming comprises the following steps: after germinating, cotton seeds are sown in a matrix, and management of a seedling stage, a bud stage and a boll stage is respectively carried out, and Hoagland nutrient solution is supplemented until the seeds are harvested;
the seeding substrate is formed by mixing medium loam, vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio of 1:0.8-1.2: 0.8-1;
the seedling stage management comprises day and night temperatures of 24-28 ℃ and 20-24 ℃, relative water content of the substrate of 50-60%, and light quantum flux density of 400--2·s-1；
The bud period management comprises day and night temperatures of 28-32 deg.C and 22-26 deg.C, relative water content of matrix of 70-80%, and light quantum flux density of 950--2·s-1；
The bell period management comprises gradually reducing the relative water content of the substrate after flowering and stopping water supply after 30-35 days.
Preferably, the cotton seeds are germinated by a pretreatment comprising: by means of H2O2Soaking cotton seeds in the solution for 15-20min, cleaning, and placing in a wet germination tray at 24-28 deg.C and 20-24 deg.C for germination.
Preferably, the sowing includes: and sowing when the embryonic roots of the seeds grow to 1-1.5cm, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5-2 cm.
Preferably, the relative moisture content of the substrate at the time of sowing is 75-85%.
Preferably, in the seeding matrix: the particle size of the medium loam is 1.5-2.5mm, the particle size of the vermiculite is 1-3mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 3-6 mm.
Preferably, topping is carried out during the bud period, 2-3 fruit branches are reserved for each cotton plant, and the second fruit section and the subsequent buds are pruned from each fruit branch.
Preferably, the bell-term management progressively reduces the relative moisture content of the substrate to: keeping the relative water content of the matrix at 70-80% after flowering, reducing the relative water content of the matrix at 50-60% after 23-25 days, stopping water supply after 30-35 days, and harvesting the seeds.
Preferably, the Hoagland nutrient solution is 0.5-0.8M, and the application mode is as follows: the application amount is based on the relative water content of the substrate reaching 75-85% during sowing; applying 200-250 ml/plant every 3-4 days in the seedling stage; the dosage is 80-100 ml/plant every day from bud period to bell period.
Preferably, the illumination period from the seedling stage to the harvest of the cotton is 11-12L: 13-12D.
Preferably, the relative humidity of air from the seedling stage to harvest of the cotton is 50-60%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for rapid boll formation by cotton generation-added breeding, which can fully meet the photosynthesis of cotton leaves by providing higher light intensity indoors, and meet the requirement on moisture by accurately controlling the water content of soil in a flowerpot. The cotton plant obtained by the method of the invention grows strongly and can produce seed cotton with more than 4g of single cotton boll.
The cotton breeding method provided by the invention shortens the simultaneous growth period of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cotton by timely topping the cotton in the bud period, greatly shortens the growth period of cotton by effectively controlling the soil water content of the cotton in each growth period and utilizing the drought stress in the late growth period, can effectively accelerate the breeding generation in a limited growth season, accelerates the breeding process and shortens the breeding period.
The cotton breeding method provided by the invention is not influenced by natural environment, annual generation-adding breeding can be realized, and 3-4 times of generation addition can be performed in one year, so that the time is saved, and the running fatigue of remote generation addition is avoided.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for cotton generation-adding breeding and rapid boll-building, which comprises the following steps: after germination, cotton seeds are sowed in a matrix, and management in a seedling stage, a bud stage and a boll stage is respectively carried out, and Hoagland nutrient solution is supplemented until the seeds are harvested.
Preparing a planting substrate:
the matrix is an important factor influencing the germination and growth of cotton seeds. The cotton seeding matrix is prepared by mixing medium loam, vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio of 1:0.8-1.2: 0.8-1; it is further preferred that the medium loam, vermiculite and perlite are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1: 1. Preferably, the particle size of the medium loam is 1.5-2.5mm, the particle size of the vermiculite is 1-3mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 3-6 mm; it is further preferred that the particle size of the medium loam is 2mm, the particle size of the vermiculite is 2mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 4.5 mm. In the medium, the medium loam has better performances of ventilation, water permeability, water retention and heat preservation, and is ideal agricultural soil; vermiculite and perlite are mixed in the soil, and the vermiculite can store water and preserve soil moisture, improve the air permeability and the water content of the soil and facilitate the water control management in the boll-bell period; the perlite can prevent soil hardening and improve soil permeability. After the three matrixes are mixed, the comprehensive properties of the three matrixes are beneficial to the germination and growth of cotton seeds, the regulation and control of the whole growth period are facilitated, and the growth period of cotton is shortened.
As an implementation mode, after the medium loam is collected, the medium loam is sieved by a sieve with the diameter of 1.5-2.5mm and is dried in an oven, so that weed seeds and various pathogens are killed. As an implementation mode, the drying temperature is 130-170 ℃, and the drying time is 18-30 h; further optional is oven drying at 150 deg.C for 24 hours.
As an implementation mode, the three substrates are mixed according to a proportion and then are filled in a flowerpot, and the flowerpot is placed on a tray. The bottom of the flowerpot is provided with 2-3 pores.
Pretreatment of seeds:
the invention preferably pre-treats the seeds before sowing to promote germination of the seeds. The pretreatment comprises the following steps: by means of H2O2Soaking cotton seeds in the solution for 15-20min, cleaning, and placing in a wet germination tray at 24-28 deg.C and 20-24 deg.C for germination. It is further preferred that H2O2The solution mass concentration is 20%, and the soaking time is 20 min. It is still further preferred that the germination day-night temperature is 26 ℃ and 22 ℃. As an implementable method, the present invention utilizes 20% H2O2Soaking cotton seeds in the solution for 20min, then passing through distilled water for three times, placing the cotton seeds in a germination tray paved with three layers of wet gauze, covering the germination tray with two layers of wet gauze, and placing the germination tray in a constant-temperature incubator at the temperature of 26 ℃ and 22 ℃ day and night for germination acceleration.
Sowing:
the invention preferentially seeds when the embryonic roots of the seeds grow to 1-1.5cm, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5-2 cm; further preferably, when the embryonic root of the seed grows to 1.2-1.5cm, the seed is sown, the sowing depth is 1.7-2cm, and the embryonic root faces downwards. Preferably, the relative water content of the substrate is 75-85% during sowing; it is further preferred that the relative moisture content of the substrate at the time of sowing is 75%. As an embodiment, the present invention seeds cotton seeds in a substrate pot, and 5-8 cotton seeds are sown in each pot.
Seedling stage management:
after the seeds are sowed, performing seedling management, wherein day and night temperatures are respectively set to be 24-28 ℃ and 20-24 ℃, and further preferably to be 26 ℃ and 22 ℃; the relative water content of the matrix is 50-60%, and is more preferably 55%; the light quantum flux density is 400--2·s-1More preferably 450. mu. mol. m-2·s-1。
In one embodiment, the present invention is to place the flowerpot in a climatic chamber for seedling management after the seeds are sown in the flowerpot. The light source can be selected as an LED lamp, the proportion of the light quantum of the red light (600-700nm) wave band in the LED lamp panel accounts for more than 1/2 of the proportion of the light quantum of the total wave band, and the LED lamp panel is adjusted up and down to ensure that the light radiation intensity of the cotton growing point is kept at 400-500 mu mol.m-2·s-1In the meantime.
As an implementation mode, after cotton seeds emerge, three uniform seedlings are left in each flowerpot, the seedlings are thinned for the first time when two main leaves are planted, two strong seedlings are left, and the seedlings are thinned for the second time when four main leaves are planted, so that one strong seedling is left.
Bud period management:
when the cotton enters the bud period or the five-leaf period, performing bud period management, wherein the day and night temperatures are respectively 28-32 ℃ and 22-26 ℃, and the preferred temperatures are 30 ℃ and 24 ℃; the relative water content of the matrix is 70-80%, and more preferably 75%; the light quantum flux density is 950--2·s-1More preferably 1000. mu. mol. m-2·s-1. More preferably, the topping is carried out during the growing period, each cotton plant keeps 2-3 fruit branches, each fruit branch is pruned to remove the second fruit section and the bud thereafter,so as to keep the cotton bolls with higher boll forming rate at the first fruit section. The cotton is capped to shorten the time of combining vegetative growth and reproductive growth of cotton, so that the cotton is timely changed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and the photosynthetic products in the leaves are promoted to be timely transported into cotton bolls, thereby shortening the boll-forming time.
As an alternative, the squares were covered with a kraft paper bag one day before flowering to prevent stringing.
And (3) bell period management:
after flowering, the cotton enters the boll stage, and management of the boll stage is carried out, including gradually reducing the relative moisture content of the substrate, and stopping water supply after 30-35 days. The method can promote the development of cotton bolls, shorten the boll opening time and shorten the growth period by applying drought stress to the cotton in the boll period. Preferably, the relative water content of the substrate is kept at 70-80% after flowering, the relative water content of the substrate is reduced at 50-60% after 23-25 days, and the water supply is stopped after 30-35 days until the seeds are harvested. It is further preferred that the relative moisture content of the base is maintained at 70-80% for 25 days after flowering, and at 50-60% for 26-32 days, and water supply is stopped after 32 days. More preferably, the relative moisture content of the substrate is maintained at 75% for 25 days after flowering, and at 55% for 26-32 days, and the water supply is stopped after 32 days.
According to the invention, when water supply is stopped in management from cotton sowing to boll stage, Hoagland nutrient solution is provided to supplement nutrition for cotton so as to promote germination and growth. Preferably, the Hoagland nutrient solution is 0.5-0.8M, and more preferably, the Hoagland nutrient solution is 0.5M. Preferably, the Hoagland nutrient solution is administered by: the application amount is based on the relative water content of the substrate reaching 75-85% during sowing; applying 200-250 ml/plant every 3-4 days in the seedling stage; applying 80-100ml per plant every day from bud period to bell period; further preferably, the amount applied at the time of sowing is such that the relative moisture content of the substrate is 75%; 200 ml/plant is applied every 4 days in the seedling stage; 100 ml/plant is applied every day from bud period to bell period.
The Hoagland nutrient solution and the control of the relative water content of the cotton substrate are simultaneously implemented, namely, the Hoagland nutrient solution is supplemented according to the specified application amount of the nutrient solution, and then watering is carried out according to the specified relative water content of the substrate.
As an implementation mode, after the substrate is placed in the flowerpot and placed on the tray, the Hoagland nutrient solution is poured into the tray, so that the substrate absorbs the nutrient solution through the pores at the bottom of the flowerpot, and the relative water content of the substrate reaches 75-85%; during seedling management, nutrient solution is supplied through the tray, 250ml of 200-4 days is applied every other day, the relative water content is calculated by weighing every other 2 days at the evening, and watering is carried out from the bottom of the tray to maintain the relative water content of the matrix between 50 and 60 percent; from the bud period to the bell period, the nutrient solution is provided and the watering mode is changed into the mode of uniformly watering from the surface of the substrate, 80-100ml of Hoagland nutrient solution is watered every evening, then the relative water content is weighed and calculated, watering is carried out, and the relative water content is supplemented to be between 70-80%; watering 80-100ml Hoagland nutrient solution in the evening every day 23-25 days after the flowers bloom, weighing to calculate the relative water content, watering, and supplementing the relative water content to 50-60%; and stopping supplying nutrient solution and watering 30-35 days after flowering.
And (5) harvesting the seeds.
As an implementation mode, the cotton boll harvester can harvest seed cotton 2 days after the cotton bolls crack, air-dry and roll the cotton, and store the cotton for later use.
Preferably, the illumination period from the seedling stage to the harvest of the cotton is 11-12L:13-12D, and further preferably 12L: 12D; the relative humidity of the air is 50 to 60%, and more preferably 55%.
The relative water content calculation formula of the invention is as follows:
wherein RWC represents the relative water content; GA represents the actual weight of substrate and water when weighed; GS represents the weight of dry substrate; GW represents the total weight of matrix and water when the dry matrix is saturated with water.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for cotton generation-adding breeding and rapid boll-forming comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a planting substrate:
taking medium loam, sieving with a 2mm sieve, and drying in an oven at 150 ℃ for 24 hours to kill weed seeds and various pathogens; fully mixing the plant substrate with vermiculite (with the grain diameter of 2mm) and perlite (with the grain diameter of 4.5mm) according to the equal volume ratio to form the planting substrate. 2.2kg of the substrate is put in a flowerpot with the bottom diameter of 20cm, the upper diameter of 23cm and the height of 20cm, a tray with the diameter of 25cm and the height of 2cm is placed at the bottom of the flowerpot, 0.5M Hoagland nutrient solution is poured at the bottom of the tray, so that the substrate absorbs water from bottom to top until the relative water content of the substrate reaches 75 percent.
(2) Seed pretreatment:
soaking plump and full cotton seeds in 20% H2O2Soaking in the solution for 20min, washing with distilled water for three times, placing cotton seeds in a germination tray with three layers of wet gauze, covering with two layers of wet gauze, and placing in a constant temperature incubator with day and night temperature of 26 deg.C and 22 deg.C respectively for germination.
(3) Sowing:
when the embryonic roots of the seeds grow to 1.2cm, the seeds are sown in the matrix of the flowerpot with the embryonic roots facing downwards and the sowing depth of 1.7cm, and 6 seeds are sown in each pot.
(4) Seedling stage management:
placing the flowerpot in a climatic chamber, setting the illumination period at 12L:12D, the day and night temperatures at 26 ℃ and 22 ℃ respectively, the relative air humidity at 55%, the proportion of red light (600-700nm) waveband light quanta in the used LED lamp panel accounts for more than 1/2 of the proportion of total waveband light quanta, and moving the LED lamp panel up and down to keep the light quantum flux density of the cotton growing point at 450 mu mol.m-2·s-1. And (3) after seedling emergence, reserving three uniform seedlings in each pot, thinning the seedlings for the first time when two true leaves exist, reserving two strong seedlings, thinning the seedlings for the second time when four true leaves exist, and reserving one strong seedling. And (3) watering 200ml of Hoagland nutrient solution to the bottom of the tray every 4 days in the seedling stage, calculating the relative water content by weighing every 2 days in the evening, and watering from the bottom of the tray to maintain the relative water content of the matrix at 55%.
(5) Bud period management:
setting day and night temperatures of artificial climate chamber at 30 deg.C and 24 deg.C, and regulating lamp plate to maintain light quantum flux density of cotton growing point at 1000 μmol.m-2·s-1. And (3) watering 100ml of Hoagland nutrient solution every evening, weighing, calculating the relative water content, watering, and supplementing the relative water content to 75%. The watering mode is changed into uniform watering from the surface of the matrix. Three fruit branches are reserved for each cotton plant, and buds behind the second fruit section are cut off from each fruit branch so as to reserve cotton bolls with higher boll forming rate at the first fruit section. The cotton buds were covered with kraft paper bags one day before blooming to prevent stringing.
(6) And (3) bell period management:
and (3) watering 100ml of Hoagland nutrient solution 0-25 days after the flowers bloom in the evening every day, weighing to calculate the relative water content, and watering to supplement the relative water content to 75%. And (3) maintaining the relative moisture content of the substrate at 55% for 26-32 days, and stopping water supply after 32 days to promote the cottonseed ripening.
(7) Harvesting seeds:
and when the cotton bolls crack, harvesting the first generation seed cotton 2 days, airing and ginning, and storing for later use.
Example 2
A method for cotton generation-adding breeding and rapid boll-forming comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a planting substrate:
sieving the medium loam with a 1.5mm sieve, and drying in an oven at 150 deg.C for 24 hr to kill weed seeds and various pathogens; fully mixing the raw materials with vermiculite (grain diameter is 1mm) and perlite (grain diameter is 3mm) according to the volume ratio of 1:0.8:0.8 to form the planting substrate. 2.2kg of the substrate is put in a flowerpot with the bottom diameter of 20cm, the upper diameter of 23cm and the height of 20cm, a tray with the diameter of 25cm and the height of 2cm is placed at the bottom of the flowerpot, 0.8M Hoagland nutrient solution is poured at the bottom of the tray, so that the substrate absorbs water from bottom to top until the relative water content of the substrate reaches 80 percent.
(2) Seed pretreatment:
soaking plump and full cotton seeds in 20% H2O2Soaking in the solution for 17 min, repeatedly washing with distilled water for three times, and placing cotton seed on the cotton seed matCovering two layers of moist gauze in a germination disk with three layers of moist gauze, and placing in a constant temperature incubator with day and night temperature of 28 ℃ and 24 ℃ respectively for germination acceleration culture.
(3) Sowing:
when the embryonic roots of the seeds grow to 1.5cm, the seeds are sown in the matrix of the flowerpot with the embryonic roots facing downwards and the sowing depth of 2cm, and 8 seeds are sown in each pot.
(4) Seedling stage management:
placing the flowerpot in a climatic chamber, setting the illumination period at 12L:12D, the day and night temperatures at 28 ℃ and 24 ℃ respectively, the relative air humidity at 60%, the proportion of red light (600-700nm) waveband light quanta in the used LED lamp panel accounts for more than 1/2 of the proportion of total waveband light quanta, and moving the LED lamp panel up and down to keep the light quantum flux density of the cotton growing point at 500 mu mol.m-2·s-1. And (3) after seedling emergence, reserving three uniform seedlings in each pot, thinning the seedlings for the first time when two true leaves exist, reserving two strong seedlings, thinning the seedlings for the second time when four true leaves exist, and reserving one strong seedling. 250ml of Hoagland nutrient solution is poured to the bottom of the tray every 3 days in the seedling stage, the relative water content is calculated by weighing every 2 days in the evening, and the water is poured from the bottom of the tray to maintain the relative water content of the matrix at 60 percent.
(5) Bud period management:
setting day and night temperatures of artificial climate chamber at 32 deg.C and 26 deg.C, and regulating lamp plate to maintain light quantum flux density of cotton growing point at 1050 μmol/m-2·s-1. And (3) watering 90ml of Hoagland nutrient solution every evening, weighing, calculating the relative water content, watering, and supplementing the relative water content to 80%. The watering mode is changed into uniform watering from the surface of the matrix. Two fruit branches are reserved for each cotton plant, and buds behind the second fruit section are cut off from each fruit branch so as to reserve cotton bolls with higher boll forming rate at the first fruit section. The cotton buds were covered with kraft paper bags one day before blooming to prevent stringing.
(6) And (3) bell period management:
and (3) watering 90ml of Hoagland nutrient solution 0-23 days after the flowers bloom in the evening every day, weighing to calculate the relative water content, and watering to supplement the relative water content to 80%. And (3) maintaining the relative water content of the substrate at 60% for 24-30 days, and stopping water supply after 30 days to promote the cottonseed ripening.
(7) Harvesting seeds:
and when the cotton bolls crack, harvesting the first generation seed cotton 2 days, airing and ginning, and storing for later use.
Example 3
A method for cotton generation-adding breeding and rapid boll-forming comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a planting substrate:
sieving the medium loam with a 2.5mm sieve, and drying in an oven at 150 deg.C for 24 hr to kill weed seeds and various pathogens; fully mixing the raw materials with vermiculite (grain diameter is 3mm) and perlite (grain diameter is 6mm) according to the volume ratio of 1:1.2:1 to form the planting substrate. 2.2kg of the substrate is put in a flowerpot with the bottom diameter of 20cm, the upper diameter of 23cm and the height of 20cm, a tray with the diameter of 25cm and the height of 2cm is placed at the bottom of the flowerpot, 0.6M Hoagland nutrient solution is poured at the bottom of the tray, so that the substrate absorbs water from bottom to top until the relative water content of the substrate reaches 85 percent.
(2) Seed pretreatment:
soaking plump and full cotton seeds in 20% H2O2Soaking in the solution for 15 min, washing with distilled water for three times, placing cotton seeds in a germination tray with three layers of wet gauze, covering with two layers of wet gauze, and placing in a constant temperature incubator with day and night temperature of 24 deg.C and 20 deg.C respectively for germination.
(3) Sowing:
when the embryonic roots of the seeds grow to 1cm, the seeds are sown in the matrix of the flowerpot with the embryonic roots facing downwards and the sowing depth of 1.5cm, and 5 seeds are sown in each pot.
(4) Seedling stage management:
placing the flowerpot in a climatic chamber, setting the illumination period at 11L:13D, the day and night temperatures at 24 ℃ and 20 ℃ respectively, the relative humidity of air at 50%, the proportion of red light (600-700nm) waveband light quanta in the used LED lamp panel accounts for more than 1/2 of the proportion of total waveband light quanta, and moving the LED lamp panel up and down to keep the light quantum flux density of the cotton growing point at 400 mu mol.m-2·s-1. Three uniform seedlings are left in each pot after seedling emergenceThe seedlings of (1) are thinned for the first time when two true leaves are used, two strong seedlings are left, and thinned for the second time when four true leaves are used, one strong seedling is left. And (3) pouring 225ml of Hoagland nutrient solution to the bottom of the tray every 4 days in the seedling stage, calculating the relative water content by weighing every 2 days in the evening, and pouring water from the bottom of the tray to maintain the relative water content of the matrix at 50%.
(5) Bud period management:
setting day and night temperatures of artificial climate chamber at 28 deg.C and 22 deg.C, and regulating lamp plate to maintain light quantum flux density of cotton growing point at 950 μmol/m-2·s-1. And (3) watering 80ml of Hoagland nutrient solution every evening, weighing, calculating the relative water content, watering, and supplementing the relative water content to 70%. The watering mode is changed into uniform watering from the surface of the matrix. Three fruit branches are reserved for each cotton plant, and buds behind the second fruit section are cut off from each fruit branch so as to reserve cotton bolls with higher boll forming rate at the first fruit section. The cotton buds were covered with kraft paper bags one day before blooming to prevent stringing.
(6) And (3) bell period management:
and (3) watering 80ml of Hoagland nutrient solution 0-24 days after the flowering, weighing, calculating the relative water content, and watering to supplement the relative water content to 70%. And (3) maintaining the relative water content of the substrate at 50% after 25-35 days, and stopping water supply after 35 days to promote the cottonseed ripening.
(7) Harvesting seeds:
and when the cotton bolls crack, harvesting the first generation seed cotton 2 days, airing and ginning, and storing for later use.
Example 4
Influence of different breeding methods on cotton generation-added breeding
1. Test materials
The cotton varieties Xinluzao No. 33 and Xinluzao No. 45 are used as test materials, and indoor breeding is carried out in artificial climate rooms of key laboratories of ecological agriculture of the military continents produced and constructed in Xinjiang; meanwhile, a field test is set up in Wulan Wusu town of Uygur autonomous area Tacheng of Xinjiang for comparative analysis.
Test groups: the breeding was carried out as in example 1. The test was a one-factor fully randomized test with 8 replicates per variety.
Control group: the stubble at the test field is cotton, 156kg of urea and 225kg of three-material phosphorus fertilizer are applied to soil in soil mass and each hectare before sowing as base fertilizers. Firstly spreading the film and then dibbling, 1 film 6 rows, the row spacing is (66+10) cm wide and narrow rows, dibbling manually on the film, and retaining 1.8X 10 seedlings per hectare5The nitrogen is applied to the plants along with water drops in the whole growth period of 45 kg.hm-2. Topping about 7 months and 4-8 days, chemically regulating and controlling for 7 times, wherein the consumption of mepiquat chloride is 300 g.hm-2. The relative water content of the soil is kept between 70 and 80 percent in the whole growth period, and the drip irrigation is stopped at the bottom of 8 months. The production management of other fields is the same as that of local high-yield fields. The field test is a single-factor random block test with a cell area (2.28 multiplied by 6.7) m2Repeat 3 times.
2. Test results and analysis
(1) Influence of different breeding conditions on cotton growth state
The leaf area, the SPAD of the leaves and the photosynthetic rate of the leaves are important indexes for reflecting the growth state of cotton plants. As can be seen from Table 1, under indoor cultivation conditions, the leaf area and leaf SPAD values of the two varieties of cotton are significantly higher than those of field cultivation conditions, the leaf area is respectively higher by 24.0% and 71.6%, and the leaf SPAD value is respectively higher by 17.4% and 17.2%. There was no significant difference between indoor and field cultivation in terms of leaf photosynthetic rate. The data show that the growth state of the two varieties of cotton plants is superior to the field cultivation condition under the indoor cultivation condition.
TABLE 1 comparison of basic Cotton growth indexes under different Breeding conditions
(2) Influence of different breeding conditions on single-boll weight and growth period of cotton
The single boll weight is an important index of cotton yield, full seeds can be harvested for generation-added breeding only by ensuring certain boll weight, and the growth period is an important index for evaluating the speed of the generation-added breeding process. Table 2 shows that under indoor cultivation conditions, the single bell weights of the two varieties have no significant difference with those under field cultivation conditions, but the growth period is significantly shortened, and the growth periods of the new Luzao No. 33 and the new Luzao No. 45 are shortened by 29.4 days and 30.7 days compared with those under field cultivation conditions, and the cultivation time is relatively shortened by 23.6% and 24.2%. The data show that the indoor cultivation can effectively shorten the growth period of cotton on the basis of ensuring a certain boll weight.
TABLE 2 comparison of Cotton boll weights and growth periods under different breeding conditions
(3) Influence of different breeding conditions on germination of first generation seeds of cotton
After harvesting the first generation of cotton seeds, 50 cotton seeds with consistent size and maturity were selected for each treatment, and germination was accelerated by the method of example 1, and the procedure was repeated 3 times. During the seed germination test, counting the germination number of the cotton seeds every 7 days continuously, and calculating the germination vigor, the germination rate and the germination index of the seeds, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
the germination potential is 3d of the number of the germinated seeds/the number of the tested seeds multiplied by 100 percent;
the germination rate is equal to the number of the germinated seeds/the number of the tested seeds multiplied by 100 percent within 7 d;
the germination index ∑ (Gt/Dt), where Dt is the germination time and Gt is the number of seeds germinated per day corresponding to Dt.
After the cotton seeds are harvested, the smooth cultivation of the next generation can be guaranteed only by ensuring a certain germination rate. Table 3 shows that the germination vigor, the germination rate and the germination index of the first generation seeds of Xinluzao No. 33 and Xinluzao No. 45 have no significant difference from those of the seeds cultured in the field under the indoor culture condition. The data indicate that indoor cultivation can produce cotton seeds with higher germination rate, and the germination rate is kept at a higher level, so that next generation of additional breeding is not influenced.
TABLE 3 comparison of germination conditions of first-generation seeds of cotton under different breeding conditions
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapid boll formation by cotton generation-adding breeding is characterized in that cotton seeds are sowed in a matrix after germination, management of seedling stage, bud stage and boll stage is respectively carried out, and Hoagland nutrient solution is supplemented until the seeds are harvested;
the seeding substrate is formed by mixing medium loam, vermiculite and perlite according to the volume ratio of 1:0.8-1.2: 0.8-1;
the seedling stage management comprises day and night temperatures of 24-28 ℃ and 20-24 ℃, relative water content of the substrate of 50-60%, and light quantum flux density of 400--2·s-1；
The bud period management comprises day and night temperatures of 28-32 deg.C and 22-26 deg.C, relative water content of matrix of 70-80%, and light quantum flux density of 950--2·s-1；
The bell period management comprises gradually reducing the relative water content of the substrate after flowering and stopping water supply after 30-35 days.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cotton seed is germinated by a pretreatment comprising: by means of H2O2Soaking cotton seeds in the solution for 15-20min, cleaning, and placing in a wet germination tray at 24-28 deg.C and 20-24 deg.C for germination.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said seeding comprises: and sowing when the embryonic roots of the seeds grow to 1-1.5cm, wherein the sowing depth is 1.5-2 cm.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relative moisture content of the substrate at the time of sowing is 75-85%.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the seeding matrix: the particle size of the medium loam is 1.5-2.5mm, the particle size of the vermiculite is 1-3mm, and the particle size of the perlite is 3-6 mm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein topping is performed during the bud stage, 2-3 fruit branches are retained per cotton plant, and the second fruit node and subsequent buds are pruned from each fruit branch.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the bell-term management progressively reduces the relative moisture content of the substrate to: keeping the relative water content of the matrix at 70-80% after flowering, reducing the relative water content of the matrix at 50-60% after 23-25 days, stopping water supply after 30-35 days, and harvesting the seeds.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Hoagland nutrient solution is 0.5-0.8M and is administered by: the application amount is based on the relative water content of the substrate reaching 75-85% during sowing; applying 200-250 ml/plant every 3-4 days in the seedling stage; the dosage is 80-100 ml/plant every day from bud period to bell period.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the illumination period from seedling stage to harvest of cotton is 11-12L: 13-12D.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relative humidity of air from seedling stage to harvest of cotton is 50-60%.
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