CN114342760A - A method of hybrid seed production of autumn potato in central and southern Hebei - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing potato hybrid seeds in autumn in central and southern Hebei. On July 15-20, small potato pieces are used to promote large germination, and whole potatoes are sown, so as to achieve rapid emergence after sowing, and the seedlings are uniform and strong. The higher temperature conditions in August are suitable for the growth of potato stems and leaves. In September and October, when the temperature decreases, the potato enters the flowering period, and hybrid seed production is carried out. Combined with the specific management measures such as water, temperature, fertilizer, and plant protection in the potato growth period and the specific pollination methods in the flowering period, The problem of low hybrid seed and seed setting rate in potato hybrid seed production in the central and southern regions of Hebei has been solved, and the bottleneck problem of potato hybrid breeding in the central and southern regions of Hebei has been solved.

Description

A method of hybrid seed production of autumn potato in central and southern Hebei

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for producing potato hybrid seeds in autumn in central and southern Hebei.

Background technique

Potato is the fourth largest food crop in the world, and my country is the largest potato producer and consumer in the world. Potatoes planted in the central and southern regions of Hebei are mainly used for fresh vegetables. Compared with other vegetables, the operation is simple, the efficiency is higher, and it is suitable for mechanized cultivation. Therefore, the planting area has expanded year by year in recent years. Breed new early-maturing and disease-resistant potato varieties suitable for the local area.

96.6% of the potato varieties bred today are bred through hybridization, and hybrid breeding technology is the most important way to cultivate new potato varieties. At present, potato breeding in central and southern Hebei is mainly carried out in spring. Planting in spring is generally the flowering period in mid-to-late May; in early June, it enters the fruit-bearing period, which is a period of high temperature; In the past five years, the average maximum temperature in June was 31.8°C. The high temperature made the fruit setting rate extremely low. Even fruit setting was often caused by high temperature, and the pollination seed setting rate was extremely low, generally less than 10%. As a result, hybrid seed production is very low in yield and seed production, which seriously restricts the process of local potato hybrid breeding and becomes the main factor restricting the selection and breeding of excellent new varieties in this region.

Therefore, the development of a hybrid seed production technology for autumn potato in central and southern Hebei is a breakthrough in solving the bottleneck problem of potato breeding in central and southern Hebei.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention provides a method for hybrid potato seed production in autumn in central and southern Hebei, which solves the problems of strong and low seed production in hybrid potato production in central and southern Hebei, and provides a seed production technology for hybrid potato breeding in central and southern Hebei.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for producing potato hybrid seeds in autumn in central and southern Hebei, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Preparation before sowing

(1.1) Germination: germination in a dark room at room temperature of 20-25°C, when the buds are 2-3cm long, use LED lights with a light intensity of 1500-2000LX to perform light treatment to germinate large and strong buds;

(1.2) Preparation of substrate: take garden soil and vermiculite and mix them evenly, mix in decomposed organic fertilizer, ternary compound fertilizer and urea and mix them evenly for use;

(1.3) Planting environment preparation: place planting substrate in a ventilated greenhouse with shade net and humidifier;

Step 2: Sowing the seeds

From July 15th to 20th, the seed potatoes that have been sprouted in step 1 are watered after sowing, and the sowing spacing is 100cm in large row spacing, 52cm in small row spacing, and 52cm in plant spacing;

Step 3: Growth period management

(3.1) Water management: from sowing to 10 days before fruit harvest, water once every 3-5 days, keep the maximum water holding capacity of the soil 60-70% before the seedlings, and 70-80% of the maximum water holding after the seedlings. Stop watering 10 days before fruit harvest;

(3.2) Temperature management: keep the temperature in the shed at 10℃-29℃;

(3.3) Fertilization measures: add ammonium sulfate with water after the seedlings are sprouted, and spray calcium, magnesium, boron, and zinc foliar fertilizers on the leaves once each at the seedling stage and the budding stage;

(3.4) Plant protection measures: conventional medicines for pest control;

Step 4: Pollination

(4.1) Take powder: from September 1st to October 1st, during the flowering period from 8:00 to 10:00 in the morning, take out the unopened buds, take out the pollen and store it under the condition of 4°C;

(4.2) Preparation before pollination: One day before pollination, select robust inflorescences, remove the open flowers in the inflorescence and all the stamens in the buds, put on a net bag after completion to prevent cross-pollination, and open a greenhouse humidifier to adjust the relative humidity to 80% before pollination;

(4.3) Pollination: 6:00-9:00 am and 4:00-6:00 pm, evenly spread the pollen on the stigma, apply twice to each stigma, once in the morning and once in the afternoon, and put a mesh bag after pollination , hang a sign to record the hybrid combination;

Step 5: Fruit Set and Harvest

After 40 days of pollination, the seeds were harvested, and the seeds were harvested after ripening and softened. The seeds were fully dried and then bagged. The hybrid combination, the number of seeds, and the time were marked and recorded, and stored at -20°C for future use.

Preferably, in step 1, the seed potatoes are selected from potato pieces that are more than 3 months after harvest and weigh less than 100 g.

Preferably, in step (1.2), the volume ratio of pastoral soil and vermiculite is 4:1, and 10kg/m3 of decomposed organic fertilizer, 600g/m3 of ternary compound fertilizer, and 200g/m3 of urea are mixed.

Preferably, the total nutrient content of the ternary compound fertilizer in step (1.2) is 47%.

Preferably, the thickness of the substrate after sowing in step 2 is 7 cm.

Preferably, the application amount of ammonium sulfate described in step (3.3) is 3.6g/plant, and the nutrient indexes of the trace element foliar fertilizer in the calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc: CaO≥15%, MgO≥6%, NO ₃ - N ≥ 13%, Zn ≥ 0.05%, B ≥ 0.05%, without Cl and S, the dosage is 1.5g/100 plants, diluted 1000 times and sprayed evenly on the leaves.

Preferably, in step (3.4), 32.5% difenoconazole·azoxystrobin suspension agent 1mL/100 strains and 80% mancozeb 1.2g/100 strains are used alternately for 10-day spraying to prevent early blight and Anthrax; use 58% nail cream·manganese zinc 1.4g/100 strains and 72% frost urea·manganese zinc 1.2g/100 strains to spray once every 10 days to control late blight; use 25% imidacloprid 0.7g/100 strains Foliar spraying and hanging yellow board in the shed (size of yellow board: 25 × 30cm; hanging method: hanging yellow board 50cm above the ground and 100cm above the ground according to 1 piece/m ² hanging yellow board) to control insect pests such as aphids.

As can be seen from the above-mentioned technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for producing potato hybrid seeds in autumn in central and southern Hebei, which has the following beneficial effects:

Taking advantage of the climatic characteristics of Shijiazhuang, the core area of central and southern Hebei, the temperature is relatively high in August, which is suitable for the growth of potato stems and leaves, and the temperature in September and October is cool and suitable for hybrid pollination and fruit-bearing of potatoes. The method of accelerating large buds and planting whole potatoes can achieve rapid emergence after sowing, and the seedlings are uniform and strong. The higher temperature conditions in August are suitable for the growth of potato stems and leaves, and the temperature in September and October reduces the potatoes to enter the flowering stage, and hybrid seed production is carried out. ; Combining the specific management measures of water, temperature, fertilizer and plant protection in the potato growing period and the specific pollination methods in the flowering period, a hybrid potato seed production technology in autumn in the central and southern regions of Hebei has been invented, which solves the problems of seed production in potato hybrid seed production in the central and southern regions of Hebei. The problem of low seed formation rate has solved the bottleneck problem of potato hybrid breeding in the central and southern regions of Hebei. The seed-setting rate of potato hybrid pollination in autumn in the central and southern regions of Hebei using this technology can reach 50%, which is extremely low compared with the prior art, generally less than 10%, which is greatly improved. The seed production technology was provided for potato hybrid breeding in central and southern Hebei.

Description of drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of a kind of autumn potato hybrid seed production method in central and southern Hebei of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The test was conducted at the Zhao County Test Base of Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Research from July 15, 2021 to October 25, 2021.

Step 1: Preparation before sowing

1.1 Germination

The germination work was carried out on June 20. In order to sow whole potatoes, the seedlings emerged quickly after sowing, and the seedlings were neat and strong. Seed potatoes must be selected for more than 3 months after harvest, and potato pieces below 100g. Germination was carried out in a dark room at room temperature of 20-25°C. When the buds are 2-3cm long, use an LED light with a light intensity of 1500-2000LX for visible light treatment, so as to facilitate the germination of large and strong buds.

1.2 Preparation of matrix

On July 10, the garden soil and vermiculite were mixed evenly in a volume ratio of 4:1, and 10kg/m3 of decomposed organic fertilizer, 600g/m3 of ternary compound fertilizer (total nutrient content 47%), 200g/m3 m3 of urea.

1.3 Matrix potting

On July 10-13, the matrix prepared in step 2 was filled into the flowerpot (flowerpot specifications: diameter 32cm, height 32cm, volume 25L), filling amount: the matrix was filled at 10cm from the upper edge of the flowerpot; the matrix After filling, it was smoothed, and a circular plastic plate with a diameter of 7 cm and a thickness of 0.3 mm was placed on the substrate.

1.4 Place the flower pots

On July 14, the flowerpots filled with the matrix were placed in the greenhouse according to the large row spacing of 100cm, the small row spacing of 52cm, and the plant spacing of 52cm.

1.5 Shed requirements

Greenhouse parameter requirements: the width of the greenhouse is ≥7.5m, and the height of the greenhouse is ≥2.7m; there are side wind and top air outlets, the side air outlet is ≥1.5m, the top air outlet is ≥1.5m, and the top air outlet is located directly above the greenhouse; the greenhouse is equipped with a sunshade net, and the greenhouse is humidified. device, water and fertilizer integration and dropper equipment.

Step 2: Sowing the seeds

The sowing period is from July 15th to 20th. The seed potatoes germinated in step 1 are placed on the circular plastic plate placed in step 3. The thickness of the overlying substrate is 7cm, and drip irrigation equipment is used to irrigate with water.

Step 3: Growth period management measures

3.1 Moisture management

From sowing to 10 days before fruit harvest, water once every 3-5 days according to soil moisture, keep the maximum soil water holding capacity at 60-70% before seedlings, and 70-80% after seedlings. Before fruit harvesting Stop watering for 10 days.

3.2 Temperature management

When the temperature in the shed is higher than 30℃, ventilate and cool down in time, and use shading net to cool down if necessary. The maximum temperature in the shed is maintained at 20-29 °C, and the minimum temperature is not lower than 10 °C.

3.3 Fertilization measures

After the seedlings are sprouted, ammonium sulfate (amount: 3.6g/pot) is applied with the water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation equipment; medium and trace element foliar fertilizers are sprayed on the foliage at the flowering stage.

3.4 Plant protection measures

Use difenoconazole and mancozeb to control early blight and anthracnose; use nail cream, fenuron cyanide, and mancozeb to control late blight; use imidacloprid and hanging yellow boards in the shed to control pests such as aphids.

Step 4: Pollination

4.1 Flowering period

Sow on July 15-20, seedlings generally appear on August 1-10, and bloom from September 1-October 1.

4.2 Take powder

The powder collection time is 8:00-10:00 in the morning. Select the buds that will open but not open (to prevent pollen mixing). After removing the flower buds, you can directly use a toothpick to take out the pollen for pollination; you can also take out the pollen after cooling the flower buds, collect the pollen in a 10ml centrifuge tube, store it at 4°C, and use it at any time.

4.3 Preparation before pollination

One day before pollination, select robust inflorescences, remove the open flowers in the inflorescence and all the stamens in the buds, and put on a net bag after completion to prevent pollination (net bag specification: 60 mesh, single weight ≤ 2g, length × width = 23 × 17cm) . Turn on the greenhouse humidifier before pollination, so that the relative humidity in the greenhouse reaches 80% during pollination.

4.4 Pollination

Pollination time is 6:00-9:00 am and 4:00-6:00 pm. Apply the pollen evenly on the stigma, and a layer of pollen grains can be clearly seen on the surface of the stigma; apply twice to each stigma, once in the morning and once in the afternoon. After pollination, put mesh bags in time to prevent bunching of pollen and fruit drop after fruit setting (mesh bag specification: 60 mesh, single weight ≤ 2g, length × width = 23 × 17cm), and hang signs to record the hybrid combination.

Step 5: Fruit Set and Harvest

Observe the fruit setting after 15 days of pollination. If the pollination fruit setting is not as expected due to human factors such as improper operation, and the time is no later than October 1, supplementary pollination is carried out according to the method in step 4. It can be harvested 40 days after pollination, and the fruit is ripe after harvest. Seeds were harvested after the fruit became soft after post-ripening. The seeds were harvested and fully dried before being bagged, and the hybrid combination, the number of seeds and the time were marked and recorded. Store at -20°C for later use.

Comparative ratio

The hybrid seed setting rate is compared using the potato hybrid seed production technology provided by the present invention and the conventional hybrid seed production method. The experiment was conducted at the Zhaoxian Experimental Base of Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry. According to two hybrid methods, 6 hybrid combinations were selected. Each hybrid combination used two hybrid methods to pollinate 30 flowers. Obtain the number of seeds and calculate the seed setting rate. The specific hybrid seed number, seed number and seed setting rate of potato hybrids with different hybrid seed production methods are shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Effects of different hybridization methods on potato hybridization

The above test comparison shows that the average seed setting rate of 6 hybrid combinations is 51.5% by adopting the autumn potato hybrid seed production method in central and southern Hebei; The autumn potato hybrid seed production method in the central and southern regions of Hebei increased the number of hybrid seeds and the seed setting rate.

The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. As for the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant part can be referred to the description of the method.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. A hybrid seed production method for potatoes in autumn in the south of Jizhong is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: preparation work before sowing

(1.1) pregermination: accelerating germination in a dark room at the room temperature of 20-25 ℃, and when the sprouts grow for 2-3cm, performing visible light treatment by using an LED lamp with the light intensity of 1500-2000LX to grow large sprouts and strong sprouts;

(1.2) preparing a matrix: uniformly mixing the garden soil and the vermiculite, and uniformly mixing the composted organic fertilizer, the ternary compound fertilizer and the urea;

(1.3) preparing a planting environment: placing a planting substrate in a ventilated greenhouse with a sunshade net and a humidifier;

step two: seeding

Sowing the seed potatoes whose buds are accelerated in the step one, and then watering thoroughly after 15-20 days in 7 months, wherein the sowing distance is 100cm large, the small row distance is 52cm, and the plant distance is 52 cm;

step three: management of growing period

(3.1) moisture management: watering once from 10 days before sowing to fruit harvesting to 3-5 days, keeping the maximum water holding capacity of the soil to be 60-70% before seedling aligning, keeping the maximum water holding capacity of the soil to be 70-80% after seedling aligning, and stopping watering 10 days before fruit harvesting;

(3.2) temperature management: the temperature in the greenhouse is kept between 10 and 29 ℃;

(3.3) fertilizing measures: after seedling is completed, ammonium sulfate is applied along with water, and calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc medium trace element leaf fertilizers are sprayed on leaf surfaces of the seedlings in a rooting period and a bud period respectively once;

(3.4) plant protection measures: the conventional medicine is used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests;

step four: pollination is carried out

(4.1) taking powder: selecting the unetched buds to take out pollen and store the pollen at 4 ℃ for storage at 8:00-10:00 am in the flowering period of 1-10 months and 1-day 9;

(4.2) preparation before pollination: selecting robust inflorescences one day before pollination, removing flowers in the inflorescences and all stamens in buds, covering mesh bags after pollination to prevent pollen from mixing, and opening a greenhouse humidifier before pollination to adjust the relative humidity to 80%;

(4.3) pollination: uniformly coating pollen on stigma at 6:00-9:00 am and 4:00-6:00 pm, coating pollen on stigma twice, coating pollen once in the morning and once in the afternoon, covering mesh bags after pollination, and recording hybridization combination by hanging a label;

step five: fruit setting and harvesting

Harvesting after pollination for 40 days, harvesting seeds after the fruits are ripe and softened, fully drying, bagging, marking and recording the hybridization combination, the number of the seeds and the time, and storing at-20 ℃ for later use.

2. The method for hybrid seed production of potatoes in autumn in the south of the Hezhong as claimed in claim 1, wherein the potato seed in the first step is potato blocks with the weight of less than 100g and more than 3 months after harvest.

3. The hybrid seed production method for potatoes in autumn in the south of the Hezhong as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1.2), the volume ratio of garden soil to vermiculite is 4:1, and 10kg/m of decomposed organic fertilizer is mixed in³600g/m ternary compound fertilizer³200g/m of urea³。

4. The method for hybrid seed production of potatoes in autumn in the south of the Hezhong as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total nutrient content of the ternary compound fertilizer in the step (1.2) is 47%.

5. The method for hybrid seed production of potatoes in autumn in the south of the Hezhong as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the covering substrate after sowing in the second step is 7 cm.

6. The hybrid seed production method for potatoes in autumn in the south of the Hezhong as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of ammonium sulfate in step (3.3) is 3.6g per plant, and the nutrient indexes of the calcium-magnesium-boron-zinc medium trace element foliar fertilizer are as follows: CaO is more than or equal to 15 percent, MgO is more than or equal to 6 percent, NO₃N is more than or equal to 13 percent, Zn is more than or equal to 0.05 percent, B is more than or equal to 0.05 percent, Cl and S are not contained, the dosage is 1.5g/100 strains, and the solution which is 1000 times diluted is uniformly sprayed on the leaf surfaces.

7. The method for hybrid seed production of potatoes in autumn in the south of the Hezhong as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3.4), 1mL/100 strain of 32.5% difenoconazole-azoxystrobin suspending agent and 1.2g/100 strain of 80% mancozeb are sprayed for 10 days for 1 time to alternately prevent and treat the early blight and the anthracnose; 1, spraying 1 time of 58 percent of methylzinc-manganese-zinc 1.4g/100 strains and 72 percent of urea-manganese-zinc 1.2g/100 strains for 10 days to alternately prevent and treat late blight; the insect pests such as aphids and the like are prevented and controlled by spraying 25% imidacloprid 0.7g/100 plants on leaf surfaces and hanging yellow plates in a shed.

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