CN106576788A

CN106576788A - Stress resistance breeding method of wheat

Info

Publication number: CN106576788A
Application number: CN201611084277.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭业民; 徐中良
Original assignee: Shandong University of Technology
Current assignee: Shandong University of Technology
Priority date: 2016-11-30
Filing date: 2016-11-30
Publication date: 2017-04-26

Abstract

The invention discloses a stress resistance breeding method of wheat. According to the method, wheat seedlings are grown in advance, and through pre-treatment, intermediate treatment and post-treatment of germination acceleration of wheat, the respiratory rate and root activity of the seedlings are improved, and the stress resistance capacity of seeds and the seedlings is enhanced; by using a nutrient solution and leaf fertilizers, nutrients excessively consumed by crops in a reverse environment are supplemented; breeding materials with a good tillering property are screened out through high-density long-term growing of the seedlings, growth of wheat plants is accelerated by adjusting the temperature during breeding management, the drought resistance and fertilizer tolerability of the wheat plants are detected by adjusting the humidity and increasing the fertilizer concentration, and accordingly the breeding materials with salt and alkali resistance, dim light resistance, disease resistance and drought resistance are obtained; and after sorting of big seedlings, materials with high adaptability are selected through field high-fertility planting to be subjected to breeding improvement, so that improvement of the stress resistance of wheat varieties is achieved.

Description

A kind of resistance breeding method of Semen Tritici aestivi

Technical field

The invention belongs to agriculture cultivating method of new species technical field, more particularly, to a kind of resistance breeding side of Semen Tritici aestivi Method.

Background technology

Semen Tritici aestivi is one of staple crops of northern China, and recently as the raising of living standards of the people, society is to excellent The demand of matter wheat special is increasing, and good quality wheat cultivated area increases sharply, with processing enterprise's tailored flour product liter Level and processing technique are constantly modernized, and modern powder industry processed is proposed increasingly to the quality and stability of high-volume commodity wheat High requirement, northern peasant makes a living the Semen Tritici aestivi of output high protein content, and excess applies chemical fertilizer, not only causes soil compaction, and And nitrogen utilization efficiency is low, nitrogenous fertilizer is lost in a large number, and environmental pollution is serious, with the improvement of vast rural area working condition, wheat yield Level is improved constantly, and the increase of planting density and Biomass then inevitably results in canopy microecological environment variation, and by near several Winter climate such as warms at many impacts over year, causes the main diseases and insect pests such as wheat rust, powdery mildew, aphid constantly to occur, seriously Have impact on the high yield and stable yields of Semen Tritici aestivi, and reduce wheat processing and nutritional quality, blindly using pesticide, cause environmental degradation, A series of problems, such as water supply is contaminated, Plant Diversity lowers, insecticide produces resistance, while also directly causing seed Pesticides Residual severe overweight, health quality is largely influenced, and food-safety problem is troubling.

The resistance of plant refers to some character for the opposing adverse environment that plant has；Such as cold-resistant, drought resisting, salt resistance, resist Pest and disease damage etc..Gene mutation of the nature resistance gene source in plant progenitor kind possesses and evolves.Plant is forced Afterwards, some are injured lethal, and other physiological activity is although influenced to different extents, but they can be survived. Probability is provided for resistance breeding.The inherited character of this utilization crop itself is cultivated to obtain and can keep phase under adverse environmental factor To stable yield and should there are the new varieties of product quality, referred to as a resistance breeding.The popularization and application of resistance kind for Natural resourcess are rationally utilized, keeps the sustainable development of agricultural production significant.The high yield under adverse circumstance, adverse circumstance will be needed from now on Under hybrid vigor, need to improve physiologic index under adverse circumstance, so explore just have Breeding value and produce meaning.

The content of the invention

To solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of resistance breeding method of Semen Tritici aestivi, gained plant has tiller Property it is strong, disease resistance is high and the characteristics of drought-enduring resistance to low fertilizer, can shorten the wheat breeding time, realizes that scientific research breeding low threshold enters Enter, promote the abundant variety source of Semen Tritici aestivi.

For achieving the above object, the technical scheme taken of the present invention is：

A kind of Resistance of Wheat To Adversity breeding method, comprises the steps：

Seed collection and packet transaction；Seed soaking；Accelerating germination and refining bud；Nursery and seedling exercising；Seedlings are controlled and transplanted；Field management And harvest, the seed of gained is planted carry out comparative variety again；

1）The moisture Control that wheat seed absorbs is in itself weight 50% or so；Semen Tritici aestivi early emerges, it is particularly important to go out full stand, is Obtain the first step of high yield.Initiative first round Testers, in suitable producing region the wheat breed of current production popularization is selected；To receive The kind of collection carries out field test, finds first round Testers；After prior to seeding is shone 2-3 days seed, full seed is selected Seed；

2) seed of select is put in container, 2-3 hours of soaking seed are basked seeds；（Hard silty）Then seed soaking 3-5 hours, shine Kind；Seed soaking 2-3 hours；Bud is refined in accelerating germination airing.Put interior and spread the bud certain hour that dries in the air（It is more than half a day）；

3) accelerating germination and refining bud；Above-mentioned soaked winter wheat seed is bound up with gauze, is squeezed and is removed part moisture, be put in refrigerator 0-5 DEG C of cold preservation 6-8 hour, taking-up is put into and takes immersion 4-5 hours in 40-45 DEG C of warm water, pulls out, so anti-in placing into refrigerator It is multiple 2-3 time.Alternating temperature temperature is strictly controlled in pregermination procedure, the seed stand straticulation for having urged bud is placed on where cooling, Its radical bud is set slowly to extend, the seed for controlling to have 60-70% can normally germinate；

4) nursery and seedling exercising；Sow according to conventional seedbed system method, using the hole tray of 30-35, monoseeding；Early stage room temperature high humidity promotees Seedling, accelerates growth and increases difference；During 3 leaves, early stage high fertile promotees Seedling, and mid-term clear water is poured and removes fertilizer, and later stage drying and watering cycle is processed, plus Barley and wheat tiller difference；During 5 leaves, without the drought of fertilizer half Seedling is promoted, drying and watering cycle is processed, and many seedling exercising water less；

5) seedlings control and transplanting；Classification and stage is transplanted, and by the spacing in the rows of 3-5cm, the line-spacing of 60cm, carries out rich water cultivation pipe Reason；

6）Field management and results, the seed of gained carries out wheat breeding；Select tiller many during results, growing way health, spica is good Good individual plant is retained, and carries out field test or expanding propagation.

Specific embodiment

A kind of 1. couples of present invention of resistance breeding method embodiment of Semen Tritici aestivi are further described：1）Collect Semen Tritici aestivi to educate Plant material and find first round Testers；Sowing date is scheduled on September 15, after in advance is shone 2-3 days seed, selects full seed Seed；2) seed of select is put in container, 2-3 hours of soaking seed are basked seeds；（Hard silty）Then seed soaking 3-5 hours, shine Kind；Seed soaking 2-3 hours；Bud is refined in accelerating germination airing.Put interior and spread the bud certain hour that dries in the air（It is more than half a day）；3) accelerating germination and refining bud；Will Above-mentioned soaked winter wheat seed binds up with gauze, and squeezes and removes part moisture, is put in refrigerator in 0-5 DEG C of cold preservation 6-8 hour, takes Go out to be put into take in 40-45 DEG C of warm water immersion 4-5 hours, pull out, in placing into refrigerator, so repeatedly 2-3 time.In pregermination procedure Alternating temperature temperature is strictly controlled, the seed stand straticulation for having urged bud is placed on where cooling so as to which radical bud slowly extends, it is ensured that The seed for having 60-70% can normally germinate；4) nursery and seedling exercising；Sow according to conventional seedbed system method, using the hole tray of 30-35, Monoseeding；Early stage room temperature high humidity promotees Seedling, accelerates growth and increases difference；During 3 leaves, early stage high fertile promotees Seedling, and mid-term clear water is poured Go fertilizer, later stage drying and watering cycle to process, increase wheat tillering difference；During 5 leaves, without the drought control Seedling of fertilizer half, drying and watering cycle is processed, refined more Seedling waters less；5) seedlings control and transplanting；Classification and stage is transplanted, and by the spacing in the rows of 3-5cm, the line-spacing of 18-20cm, carries out rich water Cultivation management；6）Field management and results, the seed of gained carries out wheat breeding；Select tiller many during results, growing way health, flower The good individual plant of fringe is retained, and carries out field test or expanding propagation.

The invention discloses a kind of germination capacity of seeds that obtains improves little with what tillering ability raising and reproduction ability were improved The method of wheat, is that pending Semen Tritici aestivi raw material is carried out into alternating temperature to become wet process process.A kind of alternating temperature disclosed by the invention gets wet place The method for breeding wheat that reason is processed breaches traditional breeding method low-level repetition, homogeneity seriously and transgenic breeding potential danger, And the shortcoming that space breeding economic input is huge, breeding cycle can be shortened.

Above-described embodiment technology design only to illustrate the invention and feature, its object is to allow person skilled in the art Scholar will appreciate that present disclosure and be carried out, can not be limited the scope of the invention with this, all according to the present invention Equivalence changes or modification that spirit is made, all should cover in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. the resistance breeding method of a kind of Semen Tritici aestivi, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：

Seed collection and packet transaction；Seed soaking；Accelerating germination and refining bud；Nursery and seedling exercising；Seedlings are controlled and transplanted；Field management And harvest, the seed of gained is planted carry out comparative variety again.

2. resistance breeding method according to claim 1, its feature is comprised the following steps：Initiative first round Testers The wheat breed of current production popularization is selected in suitable producing region；The kind of collection is carried out into field test, the first round is found and is surveyed Test kind.

3. resistance breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after prior to seeding is shone 2-3 days seed, choose The seed of full seed is selected, the seed of select is put in container, 2-3 hours of soaking seed are dried；（Hard silty）Then soak Plant 3-5 hours, dry in the sun；Seed soaking 2-3 hours；Bud is refined in accelerating germination airing, is put interior and is spread the bud certain hour that dries in the air（It is more than half a day）.

4. resistance breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that accelerating germination and refining bud；Will be above-mentioned soaked Winter wheat seed binds up with gauze, and squeezes and removes part moisture, is put in refrigerator in 0-5 DEG C of cold preservation 6-8 hour, takes out, and is put into 40-45 4-5 hours are soaked in DEG C warm water, is pulled out, in placing into refrigerator, so repeatedly 2-3 time, change is strictly controlled in pregermination procedure Temperature, is placed on the seed stand straticulation for having urged bud where cooling so as to which radical bud slowly extends, it is ensured that have the kind of 60-70% Son can normally germinate.

5. resistance breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that nursery and seedling exercising；According to conventional seedbed system side Method shifts to an earlier date nursery, in the sowing of September 15-25 day, using the hole tray of 30-35, monoseeding；Early stage room temperature high humidity promotees Seedling, accelerates life It is long to increase difference；During 3 leaves, early stage high fertile promotees Seedling, and mid-term clear water is poured and removes fertilizer, and later stage drying and watering cycle is processed, plus barley and wheat point Tiller difference；During 5 leaves, without the drought control Seedling of fertilizer half, drying and watering cycle is processed.

6. resistance breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that seedlings are controlled and transplanted；Field management and Harvest, the seed of gained carries out wheat breeding；Classification and stage is transplanted, and by the spacing in the rows of 3-5cm, the line-spacing of 18-20cm, is cultivated Management；Select tiller many during results, growing way health, the good individual plant of spica is retained, and proceeds field test or expanding propagation.