CN102783349A - Method for improving breeding quality of dalbergia odorifera cuttings - Google Patents

Method for improving breeding quality of dalbergia odorifera cuttings Download PDF

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CN102783349A
CN102783349A CN2012103112527A CN201210311252A CN102783349A CN 102783349 A CN102783349 A CN 102783349A CN 2012103112527 A CN2012103112527 A CN 2012103112527A CN 201210311252 A CN201210311252 A CN 201210311252A CN 102783349 A CN102783349 A CN 102783349A
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fringe
dalbergia odorifera
quality
seedling
root
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CN102783349B (en
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黄志玲
郝海坤
莫雅芳
彭玉华
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
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Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving breeding quality of dalbergia odorifera cuttings. In a period from the last ten-day of February to the last ten-day of March, a large hole is dug for an annual-growth seedling, organic fertilizer serving as base fertilizer is applied to the seedling, the seedling is planted to be a stock plant, topdressing is performed, lateral branches are reasonably trimmed, stems are cut and sprouting is promoted in a period from the last ten-day of February to the last ten-day of March of a second year, the lateral branches and sprouted branches are appropriately trimmed, two or three thick, strong and evenly-distributed sprouted branches are retained, the topdressing is performed in July to August, a main stem and the sprouted branches are collected and serve as the cuttings in the period from the last ten-day of February to the last ten-day of March, the cuttings are treated through medicament and then are inserted into a non-woven fabric mesh bag provided with a matrix, a plastic film and a shading mesh are covered for seedling cultivation, and high-quality dalbergia odorifera cuttings are obtained. By means of the method for improving the breeding quality of the dalbergia odorifera cuttings, the stock plant is convenient to manage, the quality of cutting strips is easy to control, propagation coefficient is large, cottage time is strictly mastered, the cuttings are thick and strong and good in quality, the rooting time and out-planting time are effectively shortened, the cottage survival rate reaches to 80.3-92.5%, and the economic benefit is good.

Description

A kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves is inserted the method that fringe is bred quality
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant Fast Asexual Propagation Technique field, relate to a kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves and insert the method that fringe is bred quality.
Background technology
Dalbergia odorifera (Dalbergia odoriferaChenn) is the timber forest seeds of a kind of preciousness of Papilionaceae Dalbergia and famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine; Belong in 8 types of 34 kinds of redwood in China's national standard 5; Ranking is only second to red sandalwood and acid branch wood, is the modal precious redwood seeds of China.Its material is tight and hard, and heartwood is obvious, is bronzing to dark brown, and is glossy, beautiful texture, air-dry density 0.94g/cm 3, dry back is indeformable, does not ftracture, and structure is thin and spare, and corrosion-resistant moisture-proof again has special fragrance, and fragrance lives forever, and is the famous and precious timber of making noble furniture, exquisite handicraft etc.The dry duramen of its trunk and root as medicinal material gained dalbergia heartwood oil after distilling, is not only famous and precious fixastive, but also has hypotensive and function that stimulate the circulation of the blood and cause the muscles and joints to relax.In north tropic and the edge area development of south subtropics south, adaptability is strong, and not harsh on the spot requiring, afforestation becomes to live easily, and growth is very fast, and rudiment power is strong, can rudiment upgrade after the felling, and economic benefit and ecological benefits have both, and have bigger development prospect.
The solid amount of dalbergia odorifera is big, and percentage of seedgermination is higher, and seeding and seedling raising is at present main propagation method, but the differentiation of seedling forestation nursery stock is big, and forest form is irregular; Vegetative research such as cuttage and tissue culture is less; Wherein that is that all right is ripe for tissue culture technique; Still fail to apply; It is to select 2 years breeder mother to set the branch of adopting diameter 0.6~1.3cm in November to make to insert fringe 80d investigation rooting rate after the cuttage that cuttage vegetative propagation research only has " research of dalbergia odorifera container cutting propagation Seedling Cultivation " (forest resourceies management, the 3rd phase of June in 2009) of Liu Dechao, Xu Yang at present; " technical research of dalbergia odorifera cottage propagation " of Shi Fujun, Yu Jianmei etc. (guangdong agricultural science, 2011 the 1st phases) is to select 4 years breeder mother to set the branch of adopting more than the diameter 0.8cm of sprouting in October~February to make to insert fringe; " the dalbergia odorifera cuttage raise seedling technique Primary Study " of Ye Shuixi is to select 33 years breeder mother to set the branch of adopting about diameter 1cm of sprouting in March to make to insert fringe 180d investigation rooting rate after the cuttage; Ceng Hongcai, once with just " dalbergia odorifera seedling growing process " is to do to insert fringe at the branch of sprouting that select 34 years breeder mother tree or 1 year livings nursery stock to adopt more than diameter 0.8~1.0cm December~January, 180d investigates rooting rate after the cuttage; " cultivation of dalbergia odorifera and plant seedling growing process " of Li Qingchun is to make to insert fringe at the branch of sprouting that select 34 years breeder mother trees or 1 year livings nursery stock to adopt more than the diameter 0.8cm December~January, and it is random big that these methods are adopted the fringe time, gathers the slotting fringe of branch work from existing big tree, do not carry out the maternal plant cultivation; More do not cut to do and urge to sprout, selected slotting fringe is general thin partially, inserts fringe source instability; With low quality, take root slowly, nursery stock stays bed for a long time; Manage consuming timely, cuttage survival rate is between 15.0~86.7%, and it is bigger to fluctuate.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is deficiency, aim to provide a kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves and insert the method that fringe is bred quality to dalbergia odorifera tradition vegetative propagation technique.
The object of the invention is achieved through following technical scheme:
A kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves is inserted the method that fringe is bred quality, comprise the maternal plant plantation, cut do shortly sprout, maternal plant management, cuttage and management operation, it is waited to levy and is: use 1 year living seed to plant and be maternal plant; Cut in 1 year and do short sprouting, suitably prune side shoot, sprout branch, gather trunk and sprout branch as inserting fringe; Through cuttage after the chemicals treatment in the nonwoven mesh bag that matrix is housed; Lid plastic film and shading screen are grown seedlings, acquisition dalbergia odorifera cuttage seeding, and it is following that it breeds step:
(1) maternal plant plantation: use 1 year living seed to plant and be maternal plant to the cultivation of ground, garden.
(2) cut that bar is short to be sprouted: cut or saw blocks the promotion rudiment in the trunk base portion with profit.
(3) maternal plant management: suitably prune side shoot, sprout branch and topdress.
(4) plugged ear collection: gather trunk and sprout branch as plugged ear.
(5) cuttage and management: medication liquid disinfectant plugged ear; The sealing upper cut is made into 400~600ppm solution with the CPD root-inducing powder, adds talcum powder and stirs into pulpous state; Insert in the nonwoven mesh bag that nutrient matrix is housed after section speed under the plugged ear dipped in root-inducing powder slurry, back pouring normal root water is accomplished in cuttage; Cover film and shading screen, the every one time of nutrition liquid that sprayed according to a conventional method at a distance from 5~7 days in back is inserted in sealing all around; Cuttage rooting is stable after 50~60 days, and before 11 of mornings, at 4 in afternoon is opened shading screen later on; Allow seedling adapt to illumination gradually; Can put shading screen away after 20 days, garden afforestation is prepared out in illumination fully.
The plantation of above-described maternal plant is to select leeward, the southeast to make cutting orchard ground to, loosing soil, fertile following hillside fields; Select no damage by disease and insect; 1 year living seedling of leading thread 0.3~0.8cm, height of seedling 40~60cm is done maternal plant; The late Febuary~plant before the late March dalbergia odorifera seedling fallen leaves, the plantation seeding row spacing is 40~60cm * 60~80cm, digging length * wide * height during plantation is the cave of 30~40cm * 30~40cm * 30~40cm; The garbage tankage that 0.5~1kg handles through pile fermentation is put in every cave, and open shallow ridges dispensing 150~250g composite fertilizer every strain maternal plant apart from base portion 20cm place 7~August.
Above-described section bar be short sprout be with plantation after 1 year maternal plant urge to sprout in cutting off trunk with profit in late Febuary to late March apart from ground 5~10cm place.
Above-described maternal plant management method is after maternal plant plantation, treats that trunk grows to 1.5~2.0m when high, wipes out the side shoot below 0.4~0.6m; When the long 30~50cm of branch that cuts bar germinating later on is long, only keep more sturdy, be evenly distributed 2~3 sprout branch, all the other are sprouted secateurs and remove, and sprout the same trunk of a trimming method; After gathering slotting fringe; In the middle of two row maternal plants, open the ditch of dark a 20~30cm, wide 10~15cm; Discharge the chicken manure fertilizer that 1~1.5kg handles through pile fermentation between the two strain maternal plants; At a distance from the 1 capable fertilizer of not putting, treat 7~August again do not discharge chicken manure fertile open a shallow ridges in the ranks, discharge 200~400g composite fertilizer between the two strain maternal plants.
The time of above-described slotting fringe collection all be the late Febuary~the late March dalbergia odorifera begins fallen leaves, when not taking out sprouting, trunk and sprout branch; Wipe out side shoot; Remove terminal bud, the hard branch of cut-off footpath 1.0~4.0cm makes to insert fringe, inserts fringe with sharp cutting by the length clip of 16~25cm.
The slotting fringe of above-described medication liquid disinfectant is after soaking 15~30 minutes in slotting fringe immersion 200~400ppm agricultural streptomycin solution of pruning well with the sealing upper cut, pulls out and dries, then with tung oil or paint application upper cut.
The compound method of above-described nutrient solution is to add 3~5mg IBA in the 1LMS nutrient solution to stir.
The present invention has the following advantages with respect to existing technology:
1, a kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves of the present invention is inserted the method that fringe is bred quality, takes to dig big cave, and the dispensing fertilizer is made base manure and topdressed, and through the rational pruning side shoot, makes that the maternal plant rudiment is fast, growth is sturdy, and reproduction coefficient is big, inserts the fringe quality better.It is big to insert the fringe rugosity, and nutrition content is many, the nutrient consumption after the assurance cuttage, and the contact-making surface of slotting fringe base portion and soil is big, can fully absorb soil moisture, and cuttage survival rate reaches 80.3~92.5%, better economic benefit.
2, a kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves of the present invention is inserted the method that fringe is bred quality, insert the fringe acquisition time and be the late Febuary~the late March dalbergia odorifera begins fallen leaves, when not taking out sprouting.Because this moment, trees did not sprout as yet, branch endotrophic material abundance, favourable root of hair and growth, effectively shortening is taken root and is gone out the garden time.
3, a kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves of the present invention is inserted the method that fringe is bred quality, inserts fringe medication liquid disinfectant, with tung oil or paint application upper cut, has effectively prevented infection of incisional wound mould and slotting fringe forfeiture moisture; Extra-nutrition material and somatotropin during the cuttage have effectively improved cuttage survival rate.
Specific embodiment:
Through specific embodiment given below, can further be well understood to the present invention, but they not to qualification of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Select leeward, the southeast to make cutting orchard ground to, loosing soil, fertile following hillside fields; Late Febuary selects 1 year living seedling of leading thread 0.3cm, height of seedling 40cm to do the maternal plant plantation; Late Febuary the dalbergia odorifera seedling begin fallen leaves, when not taking out sprouting, dig the cave of 30cm * 30cm * 30cm; The garbage tankage that dispensing 0.5kg handles through pile fermentation, plantation seeding row spacing 40cm * 60cm.Open shallow ridges dispensing 150g composite fertilizer maternal plant apart from base portion 20cm place to July.After the maternal plant plantation 1 year, late Febuary the dalbergia odorifera seedling begin fallen leaves, when not taking out sprouting, in apart from ground 5cm place with the sawed-off trunk of saw, saw kerf is wedge shape, treats that trunk grows to 1.5m when high, wipes out the following side shoot of 0.4m; When the branch of germinating grows to 30cm after cut doing, keep more sturdy, be evenly distributed 2~3 sprout branch, all the other are sprouted secateurs and remove, reservation to sprout a trimming method identical with the trimming method of trunk.After fringe is inserted in each collection; In the middle of two row maternal plants, open the ditch of a dark 20cm, wide 10cm in early April; The chicken manure that dispensing 1kg handles through pile fermentation between the two strain maternal plants is fertile; At a distance from the 1 capable fertilizer of not putting, mid-July again do not discharge chicken manure fertile open a shallow ridges, dispensing 200g composite fertilizer between the two strain maternal plants in the ranks.After adopting fringe sawed-off trunk is wiped out side shoot; The removal terminal bud makes to insert fringe for hard of cut-off footpath 1.0~2.0cm, length 16cm, after soaking 15 minutes in the good slotting fringe immersion 200ppm agricultural streptomycin solution of pruning; Pull out and dry, then with tung oil or paint application upper cut.Section speed under the slotting fringe is dipped in the somatotropin that stirs into pulpous state with 400ppm CPD root-inducing powder and talcum powder, insert in the nonwoven mesh bag that nutrient matrix is housed, drench normal root water after cuttage is accomplished, cover film and shading screen, sealing all around.Whenever the nutrient solution that stirs at a distance from 3mg IBA+1LMS of spray in 5 days later on sprays 0.1% carbendazim or zineb sterilization simultaneously, reseals film behind the 0.5h.When cuttage is inserted fringe and taken out the long 5~8cm of living sprouting after 10~20 days, remove film, a lid layer shading screen; Cuttage rooting is stable after 50~60 days, and before 11 of mornings, at 4 in afternoon is opened shading screen later on; Let seedling adapt to illumination gradually; Can put shading screen away after 20 days, garden afforestation is prepared out in illumination fully.Late April is investigated the situation of taking root, and average root reaches 10cm, and mean elements is 7, and cuttage survival rate reaches 80.7%.
Embodiment 2
Select leeward, the southeast to make cutting orchard ground to, loosing soil, fertile following hillside fields; Select mid-March 1 year living seedling of leading thread 0.5cm, height of seedling 50cm to do the maternal plant plantation; Mid-March, the dalbergia odorifera seedling began fallen leaves, when not taking out sprouting, dug the cave of 35cm * 35cm * 35cm; The garbage tankage that dispensing 0.75kg handles through pile fermentation, plantation seeding row spacing 50cm * 70cm.Late July is opened shallow ridges dispensing 200g composite fertilizer maternal plant apart from base portion 20cm place.After the maternal plant plantation 1 year, mid-March, the dalbergia odorifera seedling began fallen leaves, when not taking out sprouting, in apart from ground 8cm place with the sawed-off trunk of saw, saw kerf is wedge shape, treats that trunk grows to 1.8m when high, wipes out the following side shoot of 0.5m; When the branch of germinating grows to 40cm after cut doing, keep more sturdy, be evenly distributed 2~3 sprout branch, all the other are sprouted secateurs and remove, reservation to sprout a trimming method identical with the trimming method of trunk.After fringe is inserted in each collection; In the middle of two row maternal plants, open the ditch of a dark 20cm, wide 10cm in early April; The chicken manure that dispensing 1.25kg handles through pile fermentation between the two strain maternal plants is fertile; At a distance from the 1 capable fertilizer of not putting, late July again do not discharge chicken manure fertile open a shallow ridges, dispensing 300g composite fertilizer between the two strain maternal plants in the ranks.After adopting fringe sawed-off trunk is wiped out side shoot; The removal terminal bud makes to insert fringe for hard of cut-off footpath 2.0~3.0cm, length 21cm, after soaking 20 minutes in the good slotting fringe immersion 300ppm agricultural streptomycin solution of pruning; Pull out and dry, then with tung oil or paint application upper cut.Section speed under the slotting fringe is dipped in the somatotropin that stirs into pulpous state with 500ppm CPD root-inducing powder and talcum powder, insert in the nonwoven mesh bag that nutrient matrix is housed, drench normal root water after cuttage is accomplished, cover film and shading screen, sealing all around.Whenever the nutrient solution that stirs at a distance from 4mg IBA+1LMS of spray in 6 days later on sprays 0.1% carbendazim or zineb sterilization simultaneously, reseals film behind the 0.5h.When cuttage is inserted fringe and taken out the long 5~8cm of living sprouting after 10~20 days, remove film, a lid layer shading screen; Cuttage rooting is stable after 50~60 days, and before 11 of mornings, at 4 in afternoon is opened shading screen later on; Let seedling adapt to illumination gradually; Can put shading screen away after 20 days, garden afforestation is prepared out in illumination fully.Investigate the situation of taking root mid-May, and average root reaches 12cm, and mean elements is 10, and cuttage survival rate reaches 92.5%.
Embodiment 3
Select leeward, the southeast to make cutting orchard ground to, loosing soil, fertile following hillside fields; Late March selects 1 year living seedling of leading thread 0.8cm, height of seedling 60cm to do the maternal plant plantation; Late March dalbergia odorifera seedling begins fallen leaves, when not taking out sprouting, digs the cave of 40cm * 40cm * 40cm; The garbage tankage that dispensing 1.0kg handles through pile fermentation, plantation seeding row spacing 60cm * 80cm.Open shallow ridges dispensing 250g composite fertilizer maternal plant apart from base portion 20cm place August.After the maternal plant plantation 1 year, late March dalbergia odorifera seedling begins fallen leaves, when not taking out sprouting, in apart from ground 5cm place with the sawed-off trunk of saw, saw kerf is wedge shape, treats that trunk grows to 1.5m when high, wipes out the following side shoot of 0.6m; When the branch of germinating grows to 50cm after cut doing, keep more sturdy, be evenly distributed 2~3 sprout branch, all the other are sprouted secateurs and remove, reservation to sprout a trimming method identical with the trimming method of trunk.After fringe is inserted in each collection; In the middle of two row maternal plants, open the ditch of a dark 20cm, wide 10cm in early April; The chicken manure that dispensing 1.5kg handles through pile fermentation between the two strain maternal plants is fertile; At a distance from the 1 capable fertilizer of not putting, August again do not discharge chicken manure fertile open a shallow ridges, dispensing 400g composite fertilizer between the two strain maternal plants in the ranks.After adopting fringe sawed-off trunk is wiped out side shoot; The removal terminal bud makes to insert fringe for hard of cut-off footpath 3.0~4.0cm, length 25cm, after soaking 30 minutes in the good slotting fringe immersion 400ppm agricultural streptomycin solution of pruning; Pull out and dry, then with tung oil or paint application upper cut.Section speed under the slotting fringe is dipped in the somatotropin that stirs into pulpous state with 600ppm CPD root-inducing powder and talcum powder, insert in the nonwoven mesh bag that nutrient matrix is housed, drench normal root water after cuttage is accomplished, cover film and shading screen, sealing all around.Whenever the nutrient solution that stirs at a distance from 5mg IBA+1LMS of spray in 7 days later on sprays 0.1% carbendazim or zineb sterilization simultaneously, reseals film behind the 0.5h.When cuttage is inserted fringe and taken out the long 5~8cm of living sprouting after 10~20 days, remove film, a lid layer shading screen; Cuttage rooting is stable after 50~60 days, and before 11 of mornings, at 4 in afternoon is opened shading screen later on; Let seedling adapt to illumination gradually; Can put shading screen away after 20 days, garden afforestation is prepared out in illumination fully.Investigate the situation of taking root mid-May, and average root reaches 12cm, and mean elements is 12, and cuttage survival rate reaches 87.8%.

Claims (7)

1. one kind is improved dalbergia odorifera and inserts the method that fringe is bred quality, comprise the maternal plant plantation, cut do shortly sprout, maternal plant management, cuttage and management operation, it is waited to levy and is: use 1 year living seed to plant and be maternal plant; Cut in 1 year and do short sprouting, suitably prune side shoot, sprout branch, gather trunk and sprout branch as inserting fringe; Through cuttage after the chemicals treatment in the nonwoven mesh bag that matrix is housed; Lid plastic film and shading screen are grown seedlings, acquisition dalbergia odorifera cuttage seeding, and it is following that it breeds step:
(1) maternal plant plantation: use 1 year living seed to plant and be maternal plant to the cultivation of ground, garden.
(2) cut that bar is short to be sprouted: cut or saw blocks the promotion rudiment in the trunk base portion with profit.
(3) maternal plant management: suitably prune side shoot, sprout branch and topdress.
(4) plugged ear collection: gather trunk and sprout branch as plugged ear.
(5) cuttage and management: medication liquid disinfectant plugged ear; The sealing upper cut is made into 400~600ppm solution with the CPD root-inducing powder, adds talcum powder and stirs into pulpous state; Insert in the nonwoven mesh bag that nutrient matrix is housed after section speed under the plugged ear dipped in root-inducing powder slurry, back pouring normal root water is accomplished in cuttage; Cover film and shading screen, the every one time of nutrition liquid that sprayed according to a conventional method at a distance from 5~7 days in back is inserted in sealing all around; Cuttage rooting is stable after 50~60 days, and before 11 of mornings, at 4 in afternoon is opened shading screen later on; Allow seedling adapt to illumination gradually; Can put shading screen away after 20 days, garden afforestation is prepared out in illumination fully.
2. the described a kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves of root a tree name claim 1 is inserted the method that fringe is bred quality; It is characterized in that: the plantation of described maternal plant is to select leeward, the southeast to make cutting orchard ground to, loosing soil, fertile following hillside fields; Select no damage by disease and insect; 1 year living seedling of leading thread 0.3~0.8cm, height of seedling 40~60cm is done maternal plant; The late Febuary~plant before the late March dalbergia odorifera seedling fallen leaves, the plantation seeding row spacing is 40~60cm * 60~80cm, digging length * wide * height during plantation is the cave of 30~40cm * 30~40cm * 30~40cm; The garbage tankage that 0.5~1kg handles through pile fermentation is put in every cave, opens shallow ridges dispensing 150~250g composite fertilizer every strain maternal plant apart from base portion 20cm place to 7~August.
3. the described a kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves of root a tree name claim 1 is inserted the method that fringe is bred quality, it is characterized in that: described section bar be short sprout be with plantation after 1 year maternal plant urge to sprout in cutting off trunk with profit in late Febuary to late March apart from ground 5~10cm place.
4. the described a kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves of root a tree name claim 1 is inserted the method that fringe is bred quality, and it is characterized in that: described maternal plant management method is after the maternal plant plantation, treats that trunk grows to 1.5~2.0m when high, wipes out the side shoot below 0.4~0.6m; When the long 30~50cm of branch that cuts bar germinating later on is long, only keep more sturdy, be evenly distributed 2~3 sprout branch, all the other are sprouted secateurs and remove, and sprout the same trunk of a trimming method; After gathering slotting fringe; In the middle of two row maternal plants, open the ditch of dark a 20~30cm, wide 10~15cm; Discharge the chicken manure fertilizer that 1~1.5kg handles through pile fermentation between the two strain maternal plants; At a distance from the 1 capable fertilizer of not putting, treat 7~August again do not discharge chicken manure fertile open a shallow ridges in the ranks, discharge 200~400g composite fertilizer between the two strain maternal plants.
5. the described a kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves of root a tree name claim 1 is inserted the method that fringe is bred quality, it is characterized in that: the time of described slotting fringe collection all be the late Febuary~the late March dalbergia odorifera begins fallen leaves, when not taking out sprouting; Trunk and sprout branch, wipe out side shoot, remove terminal bud, the hard branch of cut-off footpath 1.0~4.0cm makes to insert fringe, inserts fringe with sharp cutting by the length clip of 16~25cm.
6. the described a kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves of root a tree name claim 1 is inserted the method that fringe is bred quality; It is characterized in that: the slotting fringe of described medication liquid disinfectant is after soaking 15~30 minutes in slotting fringe immersion 200~400ppm agricultural streptomycin solution of pruning well with the sealing upper cut; Pull out and dry, then with tung oil or paint application upper cut.
7. the described a kind of dalbergia odorifera that improves of root a tree name claim 1 is inserted the method that fringe is bred quality, it is characterized in that: the compound method of described nutrient solution is to add 3~5mg IBA in the 1LMS nutrient solution to stir.
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