CN110959457A - Cutting seedling raising method for dalbergia odorifera - Google Patents
Cutting seedling raising method for dalbergia odorifera Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cuttage seedling raising of dalbergia odorifera, and particularly relates to a cuttage seedling raising method of dalbergia odorifera. The cutting seedling method of the dalbergia odorifera comprises the following steps: in a greenhouse, erecting an arch shed on the scion wood of the inserted dalbergia odorifera and covering a thin film, then spraying water in the arch shed and cutting holes on the thin film for multiple times to control the temperature and humidity in the arch shed, so that the humidity in the arch shed is kept above 75%, the temperature is lower than 35 ℃, and after the scion wood after insertion is extracted to shoot for 2-3 times and leaves turn green, the thin film is removed. The method can accelerate the formation and rooting of the callus of the cutting shoot and improve the survival rate of the cutting seedling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cuttage seedling raising of dalbergia odorifera, and particularly relates to a cuttage seedling raising method of dalbergia odorifera.
Background
Dalbergia odorifera (scientific name: Dalbergiaochinchinensis Pierreex Laness) is a plant of Dalbergia of Leguminosae, is a deciduous large tree (evergreen tree in some areas of Vietnam and Thailand), has a height of 8-30m, and has a trunk diameter of 60-120cm, and sometimes has several trunks and branches. The bark is smooth and hard, light yellow to grey brown, and scaly. The seedling cultivation method mainly comprises asexual cuttage cultivation and the like, and the original scion of the asexual cuttage cultivation has no root system and has a wound, so that the callus formation of the cuttage seedlings is slow, the rooting is slow, the survival rate is low, and the survival rate of the cultivated dalbergia odorifera is low.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera. The method can accelerate the formation and rooting of the callus of the cutting shoot and improve the survival rate of the cutting seedling.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
in a first aspect, an embodiment provides a cutting seedling method for dalbergia odorifera, which includes: in a greenhouse, erecting an arch shed on the scion wood of the inserted dalbergia odorifera and covering a thin film, then spraying water in the arch shed and cutting holes on the thin film for multiple times to control the temperature and humidity in the arch shed, so that the humidity in the arch shed is kept above 75%, the temperature is lower than 35 ℃, and after the scion wood after insertion is extracted to shoot for 2-3 times and leaves turn green, the thin film is removed. Wherein, the arched shed is a small arched shed on each ridge built in the greenhouse.
In an alternative embodiment, controlling the in-vault temperature and humidity comprises: after cutting the scion wood, gradually decreasing the humidity in the arched shed until the stem of the cotted scion wood is extracted and shoots are 2-3 times and the leaves turn green, cutting the film to form air holes, wherein the aperture of the air holes is gradually increased, and the density of the air holes is changed from thin to dense.
In an alternative embodiment, controlling the in-vault temperature and humidity comprises:
(1) after cutting the scion wood, controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be more than 90% and the temperature to be less than 35 ℃ when the first sprout of the scion wood is as long as 20cm and the true leaf of the first sprout is not unfolded, and cutting vent holes with the aperture of 4-5cm at the interval of 1.8-2.0m if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃ (including 35 ℃);
(2) controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be between 85 and 90 percent and the temperature to be less than 35 ℃ in the period that the first germination of the scion wood is from 20cm to 30cm and the true leaf of the first germination is from non-unfolded to just unfolded, and cutting the air holes with the aperture of 4 to 5cm again at the interval of 0.9 to 1.0m if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃;
(3) controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be between 80 and 85 percent and the temperature to be less than 35 ℃ in the period that the first germination of the scion wood is from 30cm to 35cm and the true leaves of the first germination are unfolded completely from the beginning, and cutting the air holes with the pore diameter of 4 to 5cm again at an interval of 0.5m if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃;
(4) when the first germination of the ear strips is from 35cm to 40cm, 70% -75% of true leaves of the first germination turn green, the second germination of the ear strips is from 5-6cm, and the true leaves of the second germination are not unfolded, controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be 75-80%, and the temperature to be lower than 35 ℃, and if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃, cutting the air holes in the step (3) into air holes with the hole diameter of 8-10 cm;
(5) when the first germination of the ear strips is from 40cm to 50cm, the true leaves of the first germination turn green completely, the second germination of the ear strips is from 4-5cm to 8-10cm, the true leaves of the second germination are unfolded completely, and 20% -25% of the true leaves turn green, the humidity in the arched shed is controlled to be 75-80%, the temperature is less than 35 ℃, and if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃, the air holes in the (4) are cut into air holes with the hole diameter of 13-15 cm.
In an alternative embodiment, it is preferable that the scion wood needs to be pretreated before cuttage of the scion wood;
preferably, the pre-treatment comprises pruning and soaking the drug;
preferably, pruning comprises removing all leaves of the scion and cutting off lateral branches;
preferably, the soaking the drug comprises soaking the ear in the rooting powder solution for 60 seconds to 1 hour, preferably, the rooting powder solution is in a concentration of 300ppm to 1000 ppm;
most preferably, the soaking the medicament comprises soaking cuttings in a rooting powder solution having a concentration of 300ppm for 1 hour.
In an alternative embodiment, the scion used for cuttage is the middle section or the lower section of a branch with double buds, and the branch is a branch with the annual base diameter of 1.6-2.5 cm.
In an alternative embodiment, the cutting process further comprises preparing a cutting medium,
preferably, the preparation of the cutting medium comprises uniformly mixing the red heart soil and the fine sand;
preferably, the mass ratio of the red core soil to the fine sand is 1:1-7:3, more preferably 7: 3;
preferably, the cutting seedling raising method further comprises the following steps: after the cutting medium is prepared, disinfecting the cutting medium;
preferably, the sterilization process comprises: and (3) completely watering the cuttage matrix by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.3%, covering a film, and removing the film before cuttage to ventilate and ventilate.
In an alternative embodiment, the cutting conditions of the scion wood are as follows: the cutting time is 3 months, and the cutting depth is 4-5 cm;
preferably, the cuttage of the scion wood comprises seedbed cuttage and nutrition bag cuttage;
after cutting, the root fixing water is poured thoroughly, and an arch shed is built and covered with a film.
In an optional embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of illumination control, pest control and fertilization management after cuttage;
preferably, the illumination control comprises: shading the sun at the early stage of cutting, wherein the light transmittance of a shading net is 25-50%;
preferably, pest control comprises: on the next day after cuttage, leaching the cuttage matrix with a bactericide solution; then, spraying the bactericide solution once every 8 to 12 days within 45 days after cuttage; cutting for 45-120 days, and spraying the bactericide solution once every 15-20 days;
preferably, the bactericide solution comprises a 1200-fold concentration solution of 1000-fold or 1500-fold concentration solution of 1200-fold of Baitai;
preferably, the fertilization management comprises applying compound fertilizer and root nutrient solution every 8-12 days after the film is removed;
preferably, the compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2%, and the root nutrient solution is a root nutrient solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.2%.
In an alternative embodiment, the cutting shoot is shifted after the bud grows to more than 1 m.
In an alternative embodiment, if the cutting is a nutrition bag cutting, the shift treatment comprises: reserving a trunk, cutting off other main branches for sprouting, cutting off the root system outside the nutrition bag, then moving the nutrition bag into a simple greenhouse with a covered shading net, discharging the nutrition bag into ridge-shaped beds in a grading manner, and thoroughly watering the root fixing water;
if the cuttage is seedbed cuttage, the shift treatment comprises the following steps: reserving one trunk, cutting off other main branches of the sprout, and cutting off overlong root systems and wounds of damaged root systems; then, grading and bagging, discharging into a ridge shape, and thoroughly watering root fixing water;
preferably, the grading comprises: taking the seedling with the height of the reserved trunk larger than 0.5m as a first-stage seedling; taking the seedling with the height of the reserved trunk between 0.3 and 0.5m as a secondary seedling; and (5) taking the seedling with the trunk height less than 0.3m as a third-stage seedling.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method reasonably controls the growth temperature and humidity of the inserted scion of the inserted yellow sandalwood after cuttage, so that the callus of the inserted scion after cuttage is formed quickly, the rooting is early and the survival rate is high.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seedbed cuttage provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a seedling after being peeled off from a film according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first hole shear provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the sprouting of a fringe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a fourth shearing operation according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a root system of a seedling to be displaced according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a seedling grown after displacement provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
The embodiment of the invention provides a cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a proper cutting scion, wherein the scion selected by the embodiment of the invention is the middle section or the lower section of a branch with double buds, and the branch is a branch with the annual basal diameter of 1.6-2.5 cm. By adopting the above cutting shoot, the nutrition accumulation in the body is rich, the water content is high, the requirements of nutrition and moisture preservation in the initial stage of germination and rooting after cuttage can be provided, and the cuttage effect is good.
Further, before cuttage, pretreatment is needed to be carried out on the scion, and specifically, the pretreatment comprises pruning and medicine soaking; wherein, the pruning comprises removing all leaves of the scion and cutting off lateral branches; and the redundant branches and leaves are cut, so that the formation of the main trunk and the cutting callus is facilitated, and the nutrient components are prevented from being absorbed by the residual branches and leaves and the side branches. Wherein the soaking medicine comprises soaking the ear strips in the rooting powder solution for 60 seconds to 1 hour, preferably, the concentration of the rooting powder solution is 300ppm to 1000 ppm; most preferably, the soaking the medicament comprises soaking the cutting slips of the cuttings in a rooting powder solution having a concentration of 300ppm for 1 hour. The treatment by adopting the soaking medicine is more beneficial to improving the survival rate and the seedling rate.
The method is characterized in that not only is a proper cutting shoot required to be selected, but also a proper cutting matrix is required to be selected, so that the cutting effect is guaranteed, specifically, the preparation of the cutting matrix comprises the step of uniformly mixing the red core soil and the fine sand, the mass ratio of the red core soil to the fine sand is 1:1-7:3, and more preferably 7:3, and the survival rate can be guaranteed by adopting the cutting matrix.
After the cuttage matrix is prepared, the cuttage matrix needs to be disinfected, so that the harmful effect of germs in the cuttage matrix on the growth of the cuttage branches is avoided. Specifically, the cuttage matrix is thoroughly poured and covered with a film by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.2% -0.3%, such as 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.22%, 0.27% and the like, and the film is removed before cuttage, so that the film is ventilated and ventilated. The film is covered after the potassium permanganate solution is sprayed, the disinfection effect is favorably improved, the air is ventilated 2 to 3 hours before cuttage, and the influence of overhigh temperature in the cuttage matrix and residual potassium permanganate solution on cuttage is avoided.
And then, cuttage is carried out, the general cuttage time is 3 months, the tree body is in a dormant state in 3 months, the nutrition accumulation of branches is rich, the temperature rises quickly after cuttage, the branches sprout quickly, the cuttage season is the best cuttage season, the cuttage survival rate is high, the root system of the seedlings formed after cuttage is developed, and the plants are flourishing and robust.
Further, the cuttage includes seedbed cuttage and nutrition bag cuttage, which are conventional cuttage methods well known to those skilled in the art, and therefore, the detailed description and explanation of the embodiments of the present invention are omitted, and the steps and conditions thereof are conventional operations and conditions. And the cuttage is cuttage in a greenhouse, the cuttage depth is 4-5cm, and the specific seedbed cuttage can be seen in figure 1.
Furthermore, after cuttage, root fixing water is thoroughly poured, an arched shed is built and covered with a thin film for moisture preservation, and cuttage seedling raising is difficult to succeed if the arched shed is not built and covered. The arched shed is a small arched shed on each ridge built in the greenhouse, and although the success rate of cuttage seedling raising can be improved by erecting and covering the arched shed, the scion wood after cuttage is very sensitive to factors such as illumination, temperature, moisture and the like, and the small arched shed is required to be suitable in internal temperature, sufficient in illumination, high in humidity, fast in rooting and high in survival rate. Practice proves that in a reasonable temperature range, the more sufficient the illumination is, the faster the callus of the cutting seedling is formed, the earlier the cutting seedling takes root and the higher the survival rate is. The manual film uncovering and ventilation is adopted to open the covering films at two ends of the small arch boron rectangle or all the covering films of the small arch for ventilation and cooling frequently, however, the method has the problems of high labor cost for opening the covering films, difficulty in holding the opening time, water-volatile death of cutting slips and the like, if the covering film is covered with a shading net for cooling, the problem of insufficient illumination to influence germination and rooting can occur, and the survival rate of cutting seedlings can also be caused.
The embodiment of the invention controls the temperature and the humidity in the arched shed by spraying water in the arched shed and shearing holes on the film for multiple times, can improve the detection accuracy of the temperature and the humidity in the arched shed, keeps the humidity in the arched shed above 75 percent and has the temperature less than 35 ℃, is favorable for the formation and rooting of the cutting callus and improves the survival rate.
The humidity is controlled to be kept above 75% by adopting the mode, the temperature is lower than 35 ℃, after the cutting scion shoots are extracted for 2-3 times and the leaves turn green, the cutting scion shoots form a complete root system after cutting, namely the cutting scion shoots grow into a seedling plant, and the film can be removed to ensure the growth of the seedling. See fig. 2 in particular, which shows that the seedlings after the film uncovering grow well.
Further, controlling the temperature and humidity within the vault includes: after cutting the scion wood, gradually decreasing the humidity in the arched shed until the stem of the cotted scion wood is extracted and shoots are 2-3 times and the leaves turn green, cutting the film to form air holes, wherein the aperture of the air holes is gradually increased, and the density of the air holes is changed from thin to dense. The humidity is from high to low, the aperture of the air holes is from small to large, the density is from low to high, then the temperature and the humidity can meet the growth requirements of the cutting slips in different growth stages, the survival of the cutting slips is facilitated, and the formation of the cutting callus and the root system is promoted. The humidity is from high to low, the pore diameter of the air holes is from small to large, the density is from thin to dense, and the trend of humidity and temperature change is expressed, for example, the humidity is gradually reduced, but the humidity is still required to be more than 75%, and if the humidity reaches 75%, the humidity can not be reduced any more.
Specifically, controlling the temperature and humidity within the vault includes:
(1) after cutting the scion wood, controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be more than 90% and the temperature to be less than 35 ℃ until the first germination of the scion wood is 20cm and the true leaves of the first germination are not unfolded, and cutting vent holes with the hole diameter of 4-5cm at intervals of 1.8-2.0m if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃, and referring to fig. 3, erecting a small arched shed in a simple greenhouse and firstly forming the vent holes, and according to fig. 4, knowing that the scion wood is germinated and has a certain length;
(2) controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be between 85 and 90 percent and the temperature to be less than 35 ℃ in the period that the first germination of the scion wood is from 20cm to 30cm and the true leaf of the first germination is from non-unfolded to just unfolded, and cutting the air holes with the aperture of 4 to 5cm again at the interval of 0.9 to 1.0m if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃;
(3) controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be between 80 and 85 percent and the temperature to be less than 35 ℃ in the period that the first germination of the scion wood is from 30cm to 35cm and the true leaves of the first germination are unfolded completely from the beginning, and cutting the air holes with the pore diameter of 4 to 5cm again at an interval of 0.5m if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃;
(4) when the first germination of the ear strips is from 35cm to 40cm, 70% -75% of true leaves of the first germination turn green, the second germination of the ear strips is from 5-6cm, and the true leaves of the second germination are not unfolded, controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be 75-80%, and the temperature to be lower than 35 ℃, and if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃, cutting the air holes in the step (3) into air holes with the hole diameter of 8-10 cm;
(5) when the first germination of the ear strips is from 40cm to 50cm, the true leaves of the first germination turn green completely, the second germination of the ear strips is from 4-5cm to 8-10cm, the true leaves of the second germination are unfolded completely, and 20% -25% of the true leaves turn green, the humidity in the arched shed is controlled to be 75-80%, the temperature is less than 35 ℃, if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃, the air holes in the (4) are cut into air holes with the hole diameter of 13-15cm, and the schematic diagram of the fourth air holes is shown in fig. 5.
It should be noted that when the humidity does not meet the requirement, a water sprayer is used for spraying water to ensure the humidity, and the air holes are formed by cutting the wood chips in stages for multiple times by adopting the method, so that the temperature in the arched shed is ensured, and the humidity can also be regulated and controlled to ensure the growth of the cutting wood chips.
After cuttage, not only temperature and humidity control but also illumination, diseases and pests, fertilizers and the like need to be controlled, so that illumination control, pest control and fertilization management need to be carried out after cuttage.
Specifically, the illumination control includes: sunshade is needed in the early stage of cuttage, the light transmittance of the sunshade net is 25% -50%, the spike strips are prevented from being damaged by too strong sunlight immediately after cuttage, and normal growth of the spike strips can be guaranteed by certain illumination.
Further, pest control includes: on the next day after cuttage, leaching the cuttage matrix with a bactericide solution; then, spraying the bactericide solution once every 8 to 12 days within 45 days after cuttage; cutting for 45-120 days, and spraying the bactericide solution once every 15-20 days; preferably, the bactericide solution comprises a 1200-fold or 1500-fold concentration solution of Reduevi 1000-fold or Baitai 1200-fold. The method is mainly characterized in that diseases such as neck rot and the like are easy to occur in the cuttage seedling raising of the dalbergia odorifera, insect pests are few, the aphid damages the young shoots, and the prevention and control of the insect pests are mainly performed. The method can effectively ensure the prevention and control effect of plant diseases and insect pests, simultaneously recommends alternate use of the bactericide to avoid drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, and avoids the phenomenon that seedlings can not grow normally because the pesticide such as cypermethrin is added for prevention and control when insect harm is discovered.
Further, fertilization comprises that the first germination is as long as 35cm, and the true leaves of the first germination are all unfolded, and at the moment, the seedlings are primarily rooted, namely the roots of the formed seedlings are fertilized outside the roots before the thin films are removed, so that the growth of the roots is promoted.
The fertilization comprises that after the seedlings take roots and survive, namely after the 3 rd hole shearing, 0.10-0.15% Gaole (high nitrogen) or 0.1-0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed for fertilizing 2-3 times outside the roots, and the interval between each time is 8-12 days; after the film is uncovered, 0.2-0.3% of root nutrient solution or 0.1-0.2% of compound fertilizer solution can be applied for 1-2 times, and the interval is 8-12 days each time. And after the film is removed, the fertilizer is applied to promote the growth of the root system and improve the survival rate, the fertilizer is applied in the morning and evening or in the cloudy day, and meanwhile, the seedlings are washed by using clear water after the fertilizer is applied, so that the burning of the leaves and the young tips is avoided.
Further, the seedling raising method also comprises the following steps: and when the germination of the cotted scion shoots is more than 1m, carrying out displacement treatment on the cotted scion shoots. Referring to fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 is a schematic view of the root system of a seedling to be displaced, which has a developed root system, while fig. 7 is a seedling grown after displacement, which grows well, indicating that the displacement was successful. Namely, after the cutting wood shoots are extracted for 2-3 times, the leaves turn green and the films are removed, normal conventional management is carried out, and when the cutting wood shoots grow to be more than 1m, the cutting wood shoots are shifted. Because the scion has grown into the seedling at this moment and the space is small, if the scion is not shifted, the adjacent seedlings can influence each other, and then the survival rate of the seedling and the quality of the subsequently formed santalum album seedling are influenced.
If the cuttage is the nutrition bag cuttage, the displacement treatment comprises the following steps: and (3) reserving a trunk, cutting off other main branches for sprouting, cutting off the root system outside the nutrition bag, then moving the nutrition bag into a simple greenhouse with a covered shading net, discharging the nutrition bag into ridge-shaped beds in a grading manner, and thoroughly watering the root fixing water.
Specifically, the seedbed cutting seedling shifting method comprises the following steps: in the simple greenhouse covered with the shading net, firstly, nutrient soil is prepared: uniformly mixing 80% of red core soil and 20% of fine sand for later use; secondly, shearing and lifting the seedlings: cutting off the cutting seedlings, namely 0.5-0.6m of the trunk to reserve the height of the seedlings before seedling lifting, digging the seedlings by using a hoe to preserve the root system as much as possible, trimming the seedlings firstly and then bagging the seedlings, only one trunk of the bud strips is reserved during trimming, all the rest branches are trimmed, and meanwhile, the wounds of overlong root systems and damaged root systems are also trimmed; and thirdly, grading and bagging: dividing the cutting seedlings into 3 grades and stacking respectively, wherein the grading standard is as follows: the height of the first-stage seedling-trunk is more than 0.5m, the height of the second-stage seedling-trunk is 0.3m-0.5m, the height of the third-stage seedling-trunk is less than 0.3m, and a root system is formed, and the waste seedling-though bud and shoot, only the cutting callus does not form the root system. When the seedlings are bagged, prepared nutrient soil is filled into plastic bags with the specification of 12 x 13cm by 1/4, seedlings are put into the plastic bags, the plastic bags are straightened and filled with the nutrient soil, the plastic bags are arranged into a ridge shape to facilitate future management, and root fixing water is thoroughly poured. The waste seedlings with the cutting callus can be cut again on the seedbed for use, and the seedling rate can reach more than 30% in the future.
If the cuttage is seedbed cuttage, the shift treatment comprises the following steps: reserving one trunk, cutting off other main branches of the sprout, and cutting off overlong root systems and wounds of damaged root systems; then the mixture is graded and bagged, and is discharged into a ridge shape, and the root fixing water is thoroughly poured.
Specifically, the trunk is cut off when shifting, one trunk is kept 0.5-0.6m high, and other main branches for sprouting are cut off. Most of the seedling root systems penetrate through the outside of the plastic nutrition bag, the root systems penetrating out of the bag are cut off by a curved knife, the seedling is moved into a simple greenhouse with a covering shading net according to the seedling size according to the seedling bed cutting seedling grading standard, the seedling is graded and discharged into ridges, and the rooting water is thoroughly poured.
After the cutting seedlings are moved to the bags, the cutting seedlings need to be frequently sprayed and watered, and the bag soil is kept moist. When the bag is moved for about 10 days, young shoots begin to be sprouted at the top end of the trunk, and the work of managing and preventing plant diseases and insect pests should be strengthened. Firstly, bud picking promotes trunk growth: bud picking is carried out before the young shoots turn green, and only one strong young shoot is reserved and the others are picked off; secondly, weeding and topdressing: frequently weeding the nursery stock, fertilizing by combining weeding, and watering for 2-3 times by using 0.2-0.3% concentration solution of compound fertilizer; thirdly, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests: spraying pesticide such as 1200 times of chlordeca (chlorotetrazol) 1000-1200 times of mixed solution, etc., and spraying the young shoots for 2-3 times each time; fourthly, all-light seedling exercising: when the illumination is soft in the last 10 months, the plastic film covered by the simple greenhouse and the shading net are all opened to refine the mountain, so that the lignification degree of the nursery stock is improved, and strong seedlings are promoted. Through careful management, the seedlings grow robustly, the average height is about 0.8m in 3 months of the next year, and the method is suitable for outplanting and forestation.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, building a simple greenhouse:
purchasing materials with the diameter of 4 minutes and the length of 6m for the special bent arch galvanized pipe for building the simple greenhouse, the diameter of 6 minutes and the length of 1.8m for the stand column galvanized pipe, and the like. On two sides of the greenhouse in the length direction, the upright posts are raised above the ground by 1.4m and the distance between every two posts is 1.2m, the bent arch galvanized pipe is directly inserted into the upright post galvanized pipe, and then the bent arch galvanized pipe is fastened and fixed by fasteners to build a simple greenhouse with the length of 15-16m, the width of 5m and the arch height of 2.5 m. The greenhouse cannot be too long, and if the greenhouse is too long, the ventilation and heat dissipation effects are affected. An automatic spraying water pipe facility is matched and installed in the greenhouse, so that the labor cost for managing in the future is saved. When in use, the arch frame is covered with a film and a shading net.
Secondly, building a bed wall:
the simple greenhouse with the width of 5m is designed and manufactured into 4 ridges, the width of each ridge is 1m, 3 channels are reserved in the greenhouse, and the width of each channel is 0.33 m. In order to fully utilize the land, machine brick walls with the thickness of 6cm and the height of 18cm are built on 4 sides of each bed to form beds and banks. The ground of the channel between each furrow is smoothed by cement mortar, so that the seedling cultivation management in the future is facilitated. The simple greenhouse and the rectangular bed wall are built, and the total material and labor cost is about 30 yuan/m2Has the advantages of simple and practical structureLow cost, maintenance saving, convenient disassembly and movement and the like, and is very suitable for special seedling raising households.
Thirdly, cuttage is carried out;
mixing the red core soil and the fine sand according to the mass ratio of 7:3, then filling a plastic bag with the specification of 12 x 13cm with a cuttage matrix, uniformly pouring the bag soil with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution one day before cuttage, covering a plastic film, and opening the film for ventilation before cuttage.
Starting cuttage in about 3 ten days, selecting scion branches with the base diameter of 2.1-2.5cm and the lower section of the branches, placing the collected scion branches in a shade, removing all leaves and trimming side branches, and shearing the scion branches into cuttage scion branches with the length of about 8cm and 2 bud eyes. The cuttage scion strips are soaked in 300ppm solution of rooting powder of Bijier GGR for 1 hour in a scion strip inserting port, 1 scion strip is planted in each bag, the depth is about 5cm, and 3.0-3.5 ten thousand plants can be planted in a greenhouse per hectare. After cutting, watering root fixing water thoroughly, and covering a plastic film for moisturizing.
After cuttage, special plastic branches or bamboo chips and other materials are used for manufacturing arch frames to form small arches immediately, each furrow is independently arched to form the small arches, 1 arch bar is erected at intervals of 0.5m, and a plastic film is covered for moisture preservation.
Fourthly, controlling temperature, humidity, illumination, plant diseases and insect pests and fertilizing:
controlling the temperature and humidity in the arched shed by spraying water in the arched shed and shearing holes on the film for multiple times, so that the humidity in the arched shed is kept above 75%, the temperature is lower than 35 ℃, and after the cuttings after cuttage are extracted to shoot for 2-3 times and the leaves turn green.
Specifically, the control mode is as follows: (1) after cutting the scion wood, controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be more than 90% and the temperature to be less than 35 ℃ when the first germination of the scion wood is as long as 20cm and the true leaf of the first germination is not unfolded, and cutting vent holes with the aperture of 5cm at intervals of 2m if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃;
(2) controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be between 85 and 90 percent and the temperature to be less than 35 ℃ in the period that the first germination of the scion wood is from 20cm to 30cm and the true leaf of the first germination is from non-unfolded to just unfolded, and cutting the air holes with the aperture of 5cm again at the interval of 1m if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃;
(3) controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be between 80 and 85 percent and the temperature to be less than 35 ℃ in the period from the first sprouting of the scion to the full sprouting of the first sprouting from the beginning to the end, and cutting the air holes with the aperture of 5cm again at the interval of 0.5m if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃;
(4) when the first germination of the ear strips is from 35cm to 40cm, 70% of true leaves of the first germination turn green, the second germination of the ear strips is from 5cm, and the true leaves of the second germination are not unfolded, controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be 75-80%, and controlling the temperature to be lower than 35 ℃, and if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃, cutting the air holes in the step (3) into air holes with the hole diameter of 10 cm;
(5) when the first germination of the ear strips is from 40cm to 50cm, the true leaves of the first germination turn green completely, the second germination of the ear strips is from 5cm to 10cm, the true leaves of the second germination are unfolded completely, and 20% of the true leaves turn green, the humidity in the arched shed is controlled to be 75-80%, the temperature is less than 35 ℃, and if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃, the air holes in the step (4) are cut into air holes with the hole diameter of 15 cm.
The cutting seedlings survive and shoot for 2-3 times, the leaves turn green to form a relatively complete root system, and small arches can be completely lifted to cover plastic films for normal management.
The illumination control includes: the sun is needed in the early stage of cutting, and the light transmittance of the sun-shading net is 25%.
The pest control method comprises the following steps: on the next day after cuttage, leaching the cuttage matrix through 1000-fold 1200-fold solution of Thymus dulcis; then, spraying the solution 1000-1200 times of the Thymus dulcis within 45 days after cuttage once every 10 days; and spraying the solution with the concentration of 1000-1200 times of the Thymus dulcis once every 15-20 days within 45-120 days of cuttage.
The fertilization management comprises applying a compound fertilizer solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2% and a root nutrient solution with the concentration of 0.2% at intervals of 10 days after the film is removed.
Fifthly, shifting;
and when the length of the cutting shoot is more than 1m, carrying out displacement treatment on the cutting shoot. Specifically, when the cutting seedlings of the nutrition bag are planted in late 8 months, the seedlings are about 1m high, and the plants are obviously differentiated and need to be moved to different positions in a grading manner. When moving the bag, firstly cutting off the trunk, reserving one trunk with the height of 0.5-0.6m, and cutting off other main branches for sprouting. Most of the seedling root systems penetrate through the outside of the plastic nutrition bag, the root systems penetrating out of the bag are cut off by a curved knife, the seedling is moved into a simple greenhouse with a covering shading net according to the seedling size according to the seedling bed cutting seedling grading standard, the seedling is graded and discharged into ridges, and the rooting water is thoroughly poured.
After the cutting seedlings are transferred into the bags, spraying and watering are carried out frequently to keep the soil in the bags moist. When the bag is moved for about 10 days, young shoots begin to be sprouted at the top end of the trunk, and the work of managing and preventing plant diseases and insect pests should be strengthened. Firstly, bud picking promotes trunk growth: bud picking is carried out before the young shoots turn green, and only one strong young shoot is reserved and the others are picked off; secondly, weeding and topdressing: frequently weeding the nursery stock, fertilizing by combining weeding, and watering for 2-3 times by using 0.2-0.3% concentration solution of compound fertilizer; thirdly, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests: spraying pesticide such as 1200 times of chlordeca (chlorotetrazol) 1000-1200 times of mixed solution, etc., and spraying the young shoots for 2-3 times each time; fourthly, all-light seedling exercising: when the illumination is soft in the last 10 months, the plastic film covered by the simple greenhouse and the shading net are all opened to refine the mountain, so that the lignification degree of the nursery stock is improved, and strong seedlings are promoted. Through careful management, the seedlings grow robustly, the average height is about 0.8m in 3 months of the next year, and the method is suitable for outplanting and forestation.
The cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera provided in this example 1 has a survival rate of 94.87%, a seedling rate of 89.53%, a non-rooting rate of 3.91%, a seedling diameter of 0.70cm, and a seedling height of 1.05 m.
Example 2 to example 4
Examples 2-4 the operation of the cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera provided in example 1 is substantially the same, except that the concentration of the rooting powder solution for soaking the cutting and soaking time are different, and the following table is specifically referred to:
as can be seen from the table above, the 300ppm solution of the double Gill GGR rooting powder is used for soaking the cutting strip in the inserting hole for 1 hour, the best effect is achieved, the highest average survival rate of cutting is 94.87%, and the average seedling rate is 89.53%; the 1000ppm solution is soaked in the cutting stick for 60s, the cutting effect is second, the average survival rate is 82.46%, the seedling rate is 77.19%, and the non-rooting rate is lower. These two hormone concentrations can be applied to production.
Example 5-example 6
The operation of the cutting seedling raising method of the dalbergia odorifera provided in the examples 5 and 6 is basically the same as that of the example 4, the difference is that the cutting time is different, the examples 1 to 4 are cutting in 3 months in 2018, and the examples 5 and 6 are cutting in 3 months in 2016, 11 months to 2017, in particular, see the following table
Example 7 example 10
Examples 7-10 the operation of the cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera provided in example 4 is substantially the same as that of example 4, except that the selected scion wood is different, see in particular the following table:
examples 11 to 12
Examples 11-12 the operation of the cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera provided in example 4 is substantially the same as that of example 4, except that the selected scion wood is different, see in particular the following table:
example 13
The operation of the cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera provided in example 13 is substantially the same as that of example 4, except that the selected cutting method is different, specifically
One day before cuttage, 0.2% potassium permanganate solution is used for uniformly watering the seedbed for cuttage intercalation, a plastic film is covered, and the film is opened for ventilation before cuttage. The scions are collected and placed in a shade, all leaves are removed, lateral branches of the branches are trimmed off, and the scions are cut into cutting slips with the length of about 8cm and 2 bud eyes. And finishing the morning cutting of the scions in the morning. The cutting shoots are soaked in 1000ppm of solution of double Jier GGR root-inducing powder for 60s, the cutting shoots are directly inserted into the matrix layer according to the plant spacing of 8cm multiplied by the row spacing of 10cm, the depth is about 4-5cm, and 6.0-6.5 ten thousand cutting shoots can be inserted into each hectare nursery land. After cuttage, root fixing water is thoroughly poured, a plastic film is covered for moisture preservation, and the result is as follows:
comparative example 1:
the operation of the cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera provided in comparative example 1 is substantially the same as that of example 1, except that the selected temperature and humidity control method is artificial film lifting and aeration, and the results are as follows:
note: the labor cost in the table only refers to the direct labor cost of two methods of film covering, hole shearing and ventilation and film covering, opening and ventilation, and does not contain other managed labor cost.
From the above table, it is known that the temperature and humidity management after the cuttage of the dalbergia odorifera adopts a mulch film cutting ventilation method and a mulch film lifting ventilation method, the cuttage survival rate of the method provided by the embodiment of the invention is improved by 47.7%, and the labor cost is saved by 2500 yuan/mu (about 0.045 yuan for each seedling). The method for managing the cuttage seedlings by the mulch shearing and ventilation method of the Pterocarpus heterophyllus has the advantages of high cuttage survival rate, fast seedling growth, labor cost saving, labor saving and convenience in operation and the like, and is worthy of popularization.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cutting seedling raising method for dalbergia odorifera is characterized by comprising the following steps: in a greenhouse, erecting an arch shed on the scion wood of the inserted dalbergia odorifera and covering a thin film, then spraying water in the arch shed and cutting holes on the thin film for multiple times to control the temperature and humidity in the arch shed, so that the humidity in the arch shed is kept above 75%, the temperature is lower than 35 ℃, and after the scion wood after insertion is extracted to shoot for 2-3 times and leaves turn green, the thin film is removed.
2. The cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera as claimed in claim 1, wherein controlling the temperature and humidity in the arched greenhouse comprises: after cutting the scion wood, gradually decreasing the humidity in the arched shed until the stem of the cotted scion wood is extracted and shoots are 2-3 times and the leaves turn green, cutting the film to form air holes, wherein the aperture of the air holes is gradually increased, and the density of the air holes is changed from thin to dense.
3. The cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera as claimed in claim 2, wherein controlling the temperature and humidity in the arched greenhouse comprises:
(1) after cutting the scion wood, controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be more than 90% and the temperature to be less than 35 ℃ when the first germination of the scion wood is as long as 20cm and the true leaf of the first germination is not expanded, and cutting vent holes with the aperture of 4-5cm at intervals of 1.8-2.0m if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃;
(2) controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be between 85 and 90 percent and the temperature to be less than 35 ℃ in the period that the first germination of the scion wood is from 20cm to 30cm and the true leaf of the first germination is from non-unfolded to just unfolded, and cutting the air holes with the aperture of 4 to 5cm again at the interval of 0.9 to 1.0m if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃;
(3) controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be between 80 and 85 percent and the temperature to be less than 35 ℃ in the period that the first germination of the scion wood is from 30cm to 35cm and the true leaves of the first germination are unfolded completely from the beginning, and cutting the air holes with the pore diameter of 4 to 5cm again at an interval of 0.5m if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃;
(4) when the first germination of the ear strips is from 35cm to 40cm, 70% -75% of true leaves of the first germination turn green, the second germination of the ear strips is from 5-6cm, and the true leaves of the second germination are not unfolded, controlling the humidity in the arched shed to be 75-80%, and the temperature to be lower than 35 ℃, and if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃, cutting the air holes in the step (3) into air holes with the hole diameter of 8-10 cm;
(5) when the first germination of the ear strips is from 40cm to 50cm, the true leaves of the first germination turn green completely, the second germination of the ear strips is from 4-5cm to 8-10cm, the true leaves of the second germination are unfolded completely, and 20% -25% of the true leaves turn green, the humidity in the arched shed is controlled to be 75-80%, the temperature is less than 35 ℃, and if the temperature in the arched shed is higher than 35 ℃, the air holes in the (4) are cut into air holes with the hole diameter of 13-15 cm.
4. The cutting seedling method of the dalbergia odorifera as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-treatment of the scion wood is preferably required before the scion wood cutting;
preferably, the pre-treatment comprises pruning and soaking the drug;
preferably, pruning comprises removing all leaves of the scion and cutting off lateral branches;
preferably, the soaking the drug comprises soaking the ear in the rooting powder solution for 60 seconds to 1 hour,
preferably, the concentration of the rooting powder solution is 300ppm-1000 ppm;
most preferably, the soaking the medicament comprises soaking cuttings in a rooting powder solution having a concentration of 300ppm for 1 hour.
5. The cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera according to claim 1, wherein the scion used for cutting is the middle or lower section of the branch with double buds, and the branch is the branch with annual base diameter of 1.6-2.5 cm.
6. The cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera as claimed in claim 1, further comprising preparing a cutting medium before cutting,
preferably, the preparation of the cutting medium comprises uniformly mixing the red heart soil and the fine sand;
preferably, the mass ratio of the red core soil to the fine sand is 1:1-7:3, more preferably 7: 3;
preferably, the cutting seedling raising method further comprises the following steps: after the cutting medium is prepared, disinfecting the cutting medium;
preferably, the sterilization process comprises: and (3) completely watering the cuttage matrix by using a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 0.2-0.3%, covering a film, and removing the film for ventilation 2-3 hours before cuttage.
7. The cutting seedling raising method of dalbergia odorifera as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cutting conditions of the scion wood are as follows: the cutting time is 3 months, and the cutting depth is 4-5 cm;
preferably, the cuttage of the scion wood comprises seedbed cuttage and nutrition bag cuttage;
after cutting, the root fixing water is poured thoroughly, and an arch shed is built and covered with a film.
8. The cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera as claimed in claim 7, further comprising light control, pest control and fertilizer application management after cutting;
preferably, the illumination control comprises: shading the sun at the early stage of cutting, wherein the light transmittance of a shading net is 25-50%;
preferably, pest control comprises: on the next day after cuttage, leaching the cuttage matrix with a bactericide solution; then, spraying the bactericide solution once every 8 to 12 days within 45 days after cuttage; cutting for 45-120 days, and spraying the bactericide solution once every 15-20 days;
preferably, the bactericide solution comprises a 1200-fold concentration solution of 1000-fold or 1500-fold concentration solution of 1200-fold of Baitai;
preferably, the fertilization management comprises applying compound fertilizer and root nutrient solution every 8-12 days after the film is removed;
preferably, the compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.2%, and the root nutrient solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.2%.
9. The cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera as claimed in claim 8, wherein the cutting shoot is shifted after sprouting to more than 1 m.
10. The cutting seedling method of dalbergia odorifera as claimed in claim 9, wherein if the cutting is nutrition bag cutting, the shift treatment comprises: reserving a trunk, cutting off other main branches for sprouting, cutting off the root system outside the nutrition bag, then moving the nutrition bag into a simple greenhouse with a covered shading net, discharging the nutrition bag into ridge-shaped beds in a grading manner, and thoroughly watering the root fixing water;
if the cuttage is seedbed cuttage, the shift treatment comprises the following steps: reserving one trunk, cutting off other main branches of the sprout, and cutting off overlong root systems and wounds of damaged root systems; then, grading and bagging, discharging into a ridge shape, and thoroughly watering root fixing water;
preferably, the grading comprises: taking the seedling with the height of the reserved trunk larger than 0.5m as a first-stage seedling; taking the seedling with the height of the reserved trunk between 0.3 and 0.5m as a secondary seedling; and (5) taking the seedling with the trunk height less than 0.3m as a third-stage seedling.
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| CN201479680U (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2010-05-26 | 周安民 | Agricultural small shed thin film |
| CN202444885U (en) * | 2012-01-13 | 2012-09-26 | 青岛农业大学 | Double-shed double-film cold-resistant breeding device for tea trees |
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| CN105325252A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-17 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Cuttage propagation method for Dalbergia hupeana Hance |
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