CN102783349B - Method for improving breeding quality of dalbergia odorifera cuttings - Google Patents
Method for improving breeding quality of dalbergia odorifera cuttings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving breeding quality of dalbergia odorifera cuttings. In a period from the last ten-day of February to the last ten-day of March, a large hole is dug for an annual-growth seedling, organic fertilizer serving as base fertilizer is applied to the seedling, the seedling is planted to be a stock plant, topdressing is performed, lateral branches are reasonably trimmed, stems are cut and sprouting is promoted in a period from the last ten-day of February to the last ten-day of March of a second year, the lateral branches and sprouted branches are appropriately trimmed, two or three thick, strong and evenly-distributed sprouted branches are retained, the topdressing is performed in July to August, a main stem and the sprouted branches are collected and serve as the cuttings in the period from the last ten-day of February to the last ten-day of March, the cuttings are treated through medicament and then are inserted into a non-woven fabric mesh bag provided with a matrix, a plastic film and a shading mesh are covered for seedling cultivation, and high-quality dalbergia odorifera cuttings are obtained. By means of the method for improving the breeding quality of the dalbergia odorifera cuttings, the stock plant is convenient to manage, the quality of cutting strips is easy to control, propagation coefficient is large, cottage time is strictly mastered, the cuttings are thick and strong and good in quality, the rooting time and out-planting time are effectively shortened, the cottage survival rate reaches to 80.3-92.5%, and the economic benefit is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant Fast Asexual Propagation Technique field, relate to a kind of dalbergia odorifera plugged ear that improves and breed the method for quality.
Background technology
Dalbergia odorifera (Dalbergia odoriferaChenn) is the timber forest seeds of a kind of preciousness of Papilionaceae Dalbergia and famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine, in China's national standard 5 belongs to 34 kinds of redwood of 8 class, ranking is only second to red sandalwood and acid branch wood, is the modal precious redwood seeds of China.Its material is tight and hard, and heartwood is obvious, is bronzing to dark brown, and is glossy, beautiful texture, air-dry density 0.94g/cm
3, indeformable after dry, do not ftracture, structure is thin and even, and corrosion-resistant moisture-proof again, have special fragrance, and fragrance lives forever, and is the famous and precious timber of making noble furniture, exquisite handicraft etc.The dry duramen of its trunk and root,, as medicinal material gained dalbergia heartwood oil after distillation, be not only famous and precious fixastive, but also have hypotensive and function that stimulate the circulation of the blood and cause the muscles and joints to relax.At north tropic and south subtropics south edge regional development, strong adaptability, not harsh on the spot requiring, afforestation easily survives, and growth is very fast, and rudiment power is strong, can rudiment upgrade after felling, and economic benefit and ecological benefits have both, and have larger development prospect.
The solid amount of dalbergia odorifera is large, and percentage of seedgermination is higher, and seeding and seedling raising is at present main propagation method, but the differentiation of seedling forestation nursery stock is large, and forest form is irregular; The vegetative researchs such as cuttage and tissue cultivation are less, wherein tissue culture technique is also immature, not yet can apply, the cuttage vegetative propagation only has Liu Dechao, Xu Yang's " dalbergia odorifera container cutting plant culture engineering test research " (forest resources management at present, the 3rd phase of June in 2009) be to select 2 years breeder mother to set the branch of adopting diameter 0.6～1.3cm in November to make plugged ear, 80d investigation rooting rate after cuttage; " research of dalbergia odorifera Technique on Cuttage Propagation " (guangdong agricultural science, the 1st phase in 2011) of Shi Fujun, Yu Jianmei etc. is to select 4 years breeder mother to set the branch of sprouting of adopting more than diameter 0.8cm in October～February to make plugged ear; " the dalbergia odorifera cuttage raise seedling technique Primary Study " of Ye Shuixi is to select 33 years breeder mother to set the branch of sprouting of adopting diameter 1cm left and right in March to make plugged ear, 180d investigation rooting rate after cuttage; Zeng Hongcai, once with just " dalbergia odorifera seedling growing process " is to make plugged ear at the branch of sprouting that select 34 years breeder mother tree or 1 year livings nursery stock to adopt more than diameter 0.8～1.0cm December～January, after cuttage, 180d investigates rooting rate; " cultivation of dalbergia odorifera and plant seedling growing process " of Li Qingchun is to make plugged ear at the branch of sprouting that select 34 years breeder mother trees or 1 year livings nursery stock to adopt more than diameter 0.8cm December～January, and it is random large that these methods are adopted the fringe time, from existing large tree collection branch, makes plugged ear, do not carry out the maternal plant cultivation, more do not have cutting strunk to urge to sprout, selected plugged ear is generally partially thin, and the plugged ear source is unstable, with low quality, take root slowly, nursery stock stays bed for a long time, manages consuming time, cuttage survival rate between 15.0～86.7%, fluctuates larger.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the deficiency for dalbergia odorifera tradition vegetative propagation technique, aim to provide a kind of dalbergia odorifera plugged ear that improves and breed the method for quality.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of dalbergia odorifera plugged ear that improves is bred the method for quality, comprise that maternal plant plantation, cutting strunk are shortly sprouted, maternal plant management, cuttage and management operation, it is waited to levy and is: with 1 year living seed, plant for maternal plant, the Second Year cutting strunk is short to be sprouted, and suitably prunes side shoot, sprouts branch, gathers trunk and sprouts branch as plugged ear, cuttage is in the nonwoven mesh bag that matrix is housed after chemicals treatment, lid plastic film and shading screen are grown seedlings, and obtain the dalbergia odorifera cuttage seeding, and it is as follows that it breeds step:
(1) maternal plant plantation: planting to the cultivation of ground, garden with 1 year living seed is maternal plant.
(2) cut that bar is short to be sprouted: with profit, cut or saw blocks the promotion rudiment in the trunk base portion.
(3) maternal plant management: suitably prune side shoot, sprout branch and topdress.
(4) plugged ear collection: gather trunk and sprout branch as plugged ear.
(5) cuttage and management: medication liquid disinfectant plugged ear, the sealing upper cut, be made into 400～600ppm solution with the CPD root-inducing powder, adds talcum powder to stir into pulpous state, after being dipped in the root-inducing powder slurry, section speed under plugged ear inserts in the nonwoven mesh bag that nutrient matrix is housed pouring normal root water after cuttage is completed; Cover film and shading screen, the surrounding sealing, sprayed according to a conventional method one time of nutrition liquid after inserting every 5～7 days, after 50～60 days, cuttage rooting is stable, and before 11 of mornings, at 4 in afternoon is opened shading screen later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination, can put shading screen away after 20 days, illumination fully, prepare out garden afforestation.
above-described maternal plant plantation is that selection is leeward, the southeast to, loosing soil, cutting orchard ground is made in fertile lower hillside fields, selection is without damage by disease and insect, leading thread 0.3～0.8cm, 1 year living seedling of height of seedling 40～60cm is done maternal plant, the late Febuary～plant before late March dalbergia odorifera seedling fallen leaves, the plant line-spacing is 40～60cm * 60～80cm, digging length * wide * height during plantation is the cave of 30～40cm * 30～40cm * 30～40cm, the garbage tankage that 0.5～1kg processes through pile fermentation is put in every cave, open shallow ridges every strain maternal plant apart from base portion 20cm place and discharge 150～250g composite fertilizer 7～August.
Above-described section bar be short sprout be with plantation after 1 year maternal plant cut off trunk in late Febuary to late March in 5～10cm place, distance ground with profit and urge to sprout.
Above-described maternal plant management method is after maternal plant plantation, until trunk, grows to 1.5～2.0m when high, wipes out the following side shoot of 0.4～0.6m; When the long 30～50cm of branch that cuts bar germinating later is long, only keep more sturdy, be evenly distributed 2～3 sprout branch, all the other are sprouted secateurs and remove, and sprout the same trunk of a trimming method; After gathering plugged ear, open the ditch of dark 20～30cm, wide a 10～15cm in the middle of two row maternal plants, discharge the chicken manure fertilizer that 1～1.5kg processes through pile fermentation between two strain maternal plants, every the 1 capable fertilizer of not putting, treat to open a shallow ridges in the ranks what do not discharge chicken manure fertilizer again 7～August, discharge 200～400g composite fertilizer between two strain maternal plants.
The time of above-described plugged ear collection be all the late Febuary～the late March dalbergia odorifera starts fallen leaves, while not taking out sprouting, trunk and sprout branch, wipe out side shoot, remove terminal bud, the hard branch of cut-off footpath 1.0～4.0cm is made plugged ear, with sharp length clip plugged ear of cutting by 16～25cm.
Above-described medication liquid disinfectant plugged ear and sealing upper cut are after soaking 15～30 minutes in plugged ear immersion 200～400ppm agricultural streptomycin solution of having pruned, pull out and dry, then with tung oil or paint application upper cut.
The compound method of above-described nutrient solution is that 3～5mg IBA is added in the 1LMS nutrient solution and stirs.
The present invention has the following advantages with respect to existing technology:
1, a kind of dalbergia odorifera plugged ear that improves of the present invention is bred the method for quality, takes to dig large cave, discharges fertilizer and makes base manure and topdressing, and by the rational pruning side shoot, makes that the maternal plant rudiment is fast, growth is sturdy, and reproduction coefficient is large, the plugged ear quality better.The plugged ear rugosity is large, and nutrition content is many, the nutrient consumption after the assurance cuttage, and the contact-making surface of plugged ear base portion and soil is large, can fully absorb soil moisture, and cuttage survival rate reaches 80.3～92.5%, better economic benefit.
2, a kind of dalbergia odorifera plugged ear that improves of the present invention is bred the method for quality, the plugged ear acquisition time be the late Febuary～the late March dalbergia odorifera start fallen leaves, while not taking out sprouting.Due to this moment trees not yet sprout, branch endotrophic material abundance, favourable root of hair and growth, effectively shorten and take root and go out the garden time.
3, a kind of dalbergia odorifera plugged ear that improves of the present invention is bred the method for quality, and plugged ear medication liquid disinfectant, with tung oil or paint application upper cut, has effectively prevented infection of incisional wound mould and plugged ear forfeiture moisture; Extra-nutrition material and somatotropin during cuttage, effectively improved cuttage survival rate.
Specific embodiment:
, by specific embodiment given below, can further be well understood to the present invention, but they not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Select leeward, the southeast to make cutting orchard ground to, loosing soil, fertile lower hillside fields, late Febuary selects 1 year living seedling of leading thread 0.3cm, height of seedling 40cm to do the maternal plant plantation, late Febuary the dalbergia odorifera seedling start fallen leaves, while not taking out sprouting, dig the cave of 30cm * 30cm * 30cm, discharge the garbage tankage that 0.5kg processes through pile fermentation, plant line-spacing 40cm * 60cm.Open shallow ridges maternal plant apart from base portion 20cm place to July and discharge 150g composite fertilizer.After maternal plant plantation 1 year, late Febuary the dalbergia odorifera seedling start fallen leaves, while not taking out sprouting, with the sawed-off trunk of saw, saw kerf is wedge shape in 5cm place, distance ground, until trunk, grows to 1.5m when high, wipes out the side shoot below 0.4m; When cutting strunk when later the branch of germinating grows to 30cm, keep more sturdy, be evenly distributed 2～3 sprout branch, all the other are sprouted secateurs and remove, reservation to sprout a trimming method identical with the trimming method of trunk.After each collection plugged ear, open the ditch of dark 20cm, a wide 10cm in the middle of two row maternal plants in early April, discharge the chicken manure fertilizer that 1kg processes through pile fermentation between two strain maternal plants, every the 1 capable fertilizer of not putting, open a shallow ridges in the ranks what do not discharge chicken manure fertilizer mid-July again, discharges 200g composite fertilizer between two strain maternal plants.After adopting fringe, sawed-off trunk is wiped out side shoot, remove terminal bud, the hard branch of cut-off footpath 1.0～2.0cm, length 16cm is made plugged ear, after soaking 15 minutes in the plugged ear immersion 200ppm agricultural streptomycin solution of having pruned, pull out and dry, then with tung oil or paint application upper cut.Section speed under plugged ear is dipped in the somatotropin that stirs into pulpous state with 400ppm CPD root-inducing powder and talcum powder, insert in the nonwoven mesh bag that nutrient matrix is housed, pouring normal root water after cuttage is completed, cover film and shading screen, surrounding sealing.The nutrient solution that later every 3mg IBA+1LMS of spray in 5 days, stirs, spray 0.1% carbendazim or zineb sterilization simultaneously, reseals film after 0.5h.Cuttage is after 10～20 days during the long 5～8cm of plugged ear pumping sprouting, remove film, lid layer shading screen, after 50～60 days, cuttage rooting is stable, and before 11 of mornings, at 4 in afternoon is opened shading screen later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination, can put shading screen away after 20 days, illumination fully, prepare out garden afforestation.Late April is investigated the situation of taking root, and average root reaches 10cm, and mean elements is 7, and cuttage survival rate reaches 80.7%.
Embodiment 2
Select leeward, the southeast to make cutting orchard ground to, loosing soil, fertile lower hillside fields, select mid-March 1 year living seedling of leading thread 0.5cm, height of seedling 50cm to do the maternal plant plantation, mid-March, the dalbergia odorifera seedling started fallen leaves, while not taking out sprouting, dig the cave of 35cm * 35cm * 35cm, discharge the garbage tankage that 0.75kg processes through pile fermentation, plant line-spacing 50cm * 70cm.Late July opens shallow ridges maternal plant apart from base portion 20cm place and discharges 200g composite fertilizer.After maternal plant plantation 1 year, mid-March, the dalbergia odorifera seedling started fallen leaves, and while not taking out sprouting, with the sawed-off trunk of saw, saw kerf is wedge shape in 8cm place, distance ground, until trunk, grew to 1.8m when high, wiped out the side shoot below 0.5m; When cutting strunk when later the branch of germinating grows to 40cm, keep more sturdy, be evenly distributed 2～3 sprout branch, all the other are sprouted secateurs and remove, reservation to sprout a trimming method identical with the trimming method of trunk.After each collection plugged ear, open the ditch of dark 20cm, a wide 10cm in the middle of two row maternal plants in early April, discharge the chicken manure fertilizer that 1.25kg processes through pile fermentation between two strain maternal plants, every the 1 capable fertilizer of not putting, late July is opened a shallow ridges in the ranks what do not discharge chicken manure fertilizer again, discharges 300g composite fertilizer between two strain maternal plants.After adopting fringe, sawed-off trunk is wiped out side shoot, remove terminal bud, the hard branch of cut-off footpath 2.0～3.0cm, length 21cm is made plugged ear, after soaking 20 minutes in the plugged ear immersion 300ppm agricultural streptomycin solution of having pruned, pull out and dry, then with tung oil or paint application upper cut.Section speed under plugged ear is dipped in the somatotropin that stirs into pulpous state with 500ppm CPD root-inducing powder and talcum powder, insert in the nonwoven mesh bag that nutrient matrix is housed, pouring normal root water after cuttage is completed, cover film and shading screen, surrounding sealing.The nutrient solution that later every 4mg IBA+1LMS of spray in 6 days, stirs, spray 0.1% carbendazim or zineb sterilization simultaneously, reseals film after 0.5h.Cuttage is after 10～20 days during the long 5～8cm of plugged ear pumping sprouting, remove film, lid layer shading screen, after 50～60 days, cuttage rooting is stable, and before 11 of mornings, at 4 in afternoon is opened shading screen later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination, can put shading screen away after 20 days, illumination fully, prepare out garden afforestation.Investigate the situation of taking root mid-May, and average root reaches 12cm, and mean elements is 10, and cuttage survival rate reaches 92.5%.
Embodiment 3
Select leeward, the southeast to make cutting orchard ground to, loosing soil, fertile lower hillside fields, late March selects 1 year living seedling of leading thread 0.8cm, height of seedling 60cm to do the maternal plant plantation, late March dalbergia odorifera seedling starts fallen leaves, while not taking out sprouting, dig the cave of 40cm * 40cm * 40cm, discharge the garbage tankage that 1.0kg processes through pile fermentation, plant line-spacing 60cm * 80cm.Open shallow ridges maternal plant apart from base portion 20cm place and discharge 250g composite fertilizer August.After maternal plant plantation 1 year, late March dalbergia odorifera seedling starts fallen leaves, and while not taking out sprouting, with the sawed-off trunk of saw, saw kerf is wedge shape in 5cm place, distance ground, until trunk, grows to 1.5m when high, wipes out the side shoot below 0.6m; When cutting strunk when later the branch of germinating grows to 50cm, keep more sturdy, be evenly distributed 2～3 sprout branch, all the other are sprouted secateurs and remove, reservation to sprout a trimming method identical with the trimming method of trunk.After each collection plugged ear, open the ditch of dark 20cm, a wide 10cm in the middle of two row maternal plants in early April, discharge the chicken manure fertilizer that 1.5kg processes through pile fermentation between two strain maternal plants, every the 1 capable fertilizer of not putting, open a shallow ridges in the ranks what do not discharge chicken manure fertilizer August again, discharges 400g composite fertilizer between two strain maternal plants.After adopting fringe, sawed-off trunk is wiped out side shoot, remove terminal bud, the hard branch of cut-off footpath 3.0～4.0cm, length 25cm is made plugged ear, after soaking 30 minutes in the plugged ear immersion 400ppm agricultural streptomycin solution of having pruned, pull out and dry, then with tung oil or paint application upper cut.Section speed under plugged ear is dipped in the somatotropin that stirs into pulpous state with 600ppm CPD root-inducing powder and talcum powder, insert in the nonwoven mesh bag that nutrient matrix is housed, pouring normal root water after cuttage is completed, cover film and shading screen, surrounding sealing.The nutrient solution that later every 5mg IBA+1LMS of spray in 7 days, stirs, spray 0.1% carbendazim or zineb sterilization simultaneously, reseals film after 0.5h.Cuttage is after 10～20 days during the long 5～8cm of plugged ear pumping sprouting, remove film, lid layer shading screen, after 50～60 days, cuttage rooting is stable, and before 11 of mornings, at 4 in afternoon is opened shading screen later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination, can put shading screen away after 20 days, illumination fully, prepare out garden afforestation.Investigate the situation of taking root mid-May, and average root reaches 12cm, and mean elements is 12, and cuttage survival rate reaches 87.8%.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is improved the dalbergia odorifera plugged ear and breeds the method for quality, comprise that maternal plant plantation, cutting strunk are shortly sprouted, maternal plant management, cuttage and management operation, it is waited to levy and is: with 1 year living seed, plant for maternal plant, the Second Year cutting strunk is short to be sprouted, and suitably prunes side shoot, sprouts branch, gathers trunk and sprouts branch as plugged ear, cuttage is in the nonwoven mesh bag that matrix is housed after chemicals treatment, lid plastic film and shading screen are grown seedlings, and obtain the dalbergia odorifera cuttage seeding, and it is as follows that it breeds step:
(1) maternal plant plantation: planting to the cultivation of ground, garden with 1 year living seed is maternal plant;
(2) cutting strunk is short sprouts: with profit, cut or saw blocks the promotion rudiment in the trunk base portion;
(3) maternal plant management: suitably prune side shoot, sprout branch and topdress;
(4) plugged ear collection: gather trunk and sprout branch as plugged ear;
(5) cuttage and management: medication liquid disinfectant plugged ear, the sealing upper cut, be made into 400～600ppm solution with the CPD root-inducing powder, adds talcum powder to stir into pulpous state, after being dipped in the root-inducing powder slurry, section speed under plugged ear inserts in the nonwoven mesh bag that nutrient matrix is housed pouring normal root water after cuttage is completed; Cover film and shading screen, the surrounding sealing, sprayed according to a conventional method one time of nutrition liquid after inserting every 5～7 days, after 50～60 days, cuttage rooting is stable, and before 11 of mornings, at 4 in afternoon is opened shading screen later, allow seedling adapt to gradually illumination, can put shading screen away after 20 days, illumination fully, prepare out garden afforestation.
2. root a tree name a kind of dalbergia odorifera plugged ear that improves claimed in claim 1 is bred the method for quality, it is characterized in that: described maternal plant plantation is that selection is leeward, the southeast to, loosing soil, cutting orchard ground is made in fertile lower hillside fields, selection is without damage by disease and insect, leading thread 0.3～0.8cm, 1 year living seedling of height of seedling 40～60cm is done maternal plant, the late Febuary～plant before late March dalbergia odorifera seedling fallen leaves, the plant line-spacing is 40～60cm * 60～80cm, digging length * wide * height during plantation is the cave of 30～40cm * 30～40cm * 30～40cm, the garbage tankage that 0.5～1kg processes through pile fermentation is put in every cave, open shallow ridges every strain maternal plant apart from base portion 20cm place to 7～August and discharge 150～250g composite fertilizer.
3. root a tree name a kind of dalbergia odorifera plugged ear that improves claimed in claim 1 is bred the method for quality, it is characterized in that: described cutting strunk is short sprout be with plantation after 1 year maternal plant cut off trunk in late Febuary to late March in 5～10cm place, distance ground with profit and urge to sprout.
4. root a tree name a kind of dalbergia odorifera plugged ear that improves claimed in claim 1 is bred the method for quality, it is characterized in that: described maternal plant management method is after maternal plant plantation, until trunk, grows to 1.5～2.0m when high, wipes out the following side shoot of 0.4～0.6m; When the long 30～50cm of branch of later germinating of cutting strunk is long, only keep more sturdy, be evenly distributed 2～3 sprout branch, all the other are sprouted secateurs and remove, reservation sprout the same trunk of a trimming method; After gathering plugged ear, open the ditch of dark 20～30cm, wide a 10～15cm in the middle of two row maternal plants, discharge the chicken manure fertilizer that 1～1.5kg processes through pile fermentation between two strain maternal plants, every the 1 capable fertilizer of not putting, treat to open a shallow ridges in the ranks what do not discharge chicken manure fertilizer again 7～August, discharge 200～400g composite fertilizer between two strain maternal plants.
5. root a tree name a kind of dalbergia odorifera plugged ear that improves claimed in claim 1 is bred the method for quality, it is characterized in that: the time of described plugged ear collection be all the late Febuary～the late March dalbergia odorifera start fallen leaves, while not taking out sprouting; Trunk and sprout branch, wipe out side shoot, remove terminal bud, the hard branch of cut-off footpath 1.0～4.0cm is made plugged ear, with sharp length clip plugged ear of cutting by 16～25cm.
6. root a tree name a kind of dalbergia odorifera plugged ear that improves claimed in claim 1 is bred the method for quality, it is characterized in that: described medication liquid disinfectant plugged ear and sealing upper cut are after soaking 15～30 minutes in plugged ear immersion 200～400ppm agricultural streptomycin solution of having pruned, pull out and dry, then with tung oil or paint application upper cut.
7. root a tree name a kind of dalbergia odorifera plugged ear that improves claimed in claim 1 is bred the method for quality, and it is characterized in that: the compound method of described nutrient solution is that 3～5mg IBA is added in 1L MS nutrient solution and stirs.
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| CN103598060B (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-01-07 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Alstonia scholaris propagation method with big tree trunks cut |
| CN103828617B (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2016-09-07 | 海南省林业科学研究所 | A kind of biological method inducing dalbergia odorifera Edgeworthia chrysantha |
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