CN104782438A - Infiltrating irrigation cultivation method of taxus cuspidata container seedlings - Google Patents
Infiltrating irrigation cultivation method of taxus cuspidata container seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN104782438A CN104782438A CN201510158359.6A CN201510158359A CN104782438A CN 104782438 A CN104782438 A CN 104782438A CN 201510158359 A CN201510158359 A CN 201510158359A CN 104782438 A CN104782438 A CN 104782438A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an infiltrating irrigation cultivation method of taxus cuspidata container seedlings and relates to an irrigation method of taxus cuspidata in cold regions. The method aims at solving the problems that in the existing taxus cuspidata seedling cultivation process, the moisture utilization efficiency is low, growing vigor of seedlings is weak, and even some seedlings are dead. The infiltrating irrigation cultivation method comprises the first step of collection, the second step of planting of seedlings and the third step of infiltrating irrigation cultivation of seedlings. The method has the advantages that water is accurately used and nutrient recycling is achieved; seedlings can be rapidly recovered and adapt to the infiltrating irrigation environment rapidly after taxus cuspidata seedlings are planted; the leaching loss of nutrients is completely eradicated; the moisture utilization efficiency of taxus cuspidata container seedlings is improved by four times. The method is mainly used for cultivation of taxus cuspidata container seedlings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the infiltrating irrigation breeding method of a kind of cold district taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling.
Background technology
Taxus chinensis in northeast material is excellent, and texture is logical straight, compact structure, and full of elasticity, mechanical strength is high, and tool gloss, has fragrance, resistance to rotten, reflex action not easy to crack, not containing rosin.Taxus chinensis in northeast is not only material with plant, and be also important medicinal plant, its stem, branch, leaf, root can be used as medicine, and main component, containing taxol, taxine, diterpenoids compound etc., has anti-cancer function, and has and suppress the effect such as diabetes and treatment cardiopathy.Apart from outside high medical value, taxus chinensis in northeast because many, the red branch greenery of its side shoot, strain shape are tender beautiful, institute tie the gorgeous feature such as colourful of red bean, also has much ornamental value, is therefore also often used to that making is rare views and admires potted landscape and Scenery of gardens is set.
Taxus chinensis in northeast is taxaceae Taxus aiphyllium, is the rare tree of few survivors in the Tertiary Period, is distributed in the east Asia countries and regions such as Russia, northeast China, Korea and Japan widely.Wild Growth of Taxus cuspidata is in the cold wet acid soil area of weather, and happiness is born in and is rich in the damp soil of organic matter; Shallow root, side root is flourishing; Property cold resistant, shade tolerance is obvious, at air humidity higher position well-grown; Resting stage can tolerate the low temperature of-42 DEG C, is buried also do not fall leaves by heavy snow; Fear high temperature, when especially summer temperature is more than 30 DEG C, growth turns slow, and along with temperature continues to raise, growth stops.Because taxus chinensis in northeast requires harsher to Soil Moisture seedling stage, need to select a kind of suitable moisture irrigation method when therefore utilizing artificial means to cultivate the container seedling of taxus chinensis in northeast, otherwise easily cause nursery stock to occur growing way suffers from the problems such as weak, high temperature sintering, whole strain be dead because water use efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock under existing irrigation method, the present invention easily occurs because water use efficiency is low that growing way suffers from the problems such as weak, high temperature sintering, whole strain be dead and a kind of infiltrating irrigation breeding method for taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling of providing, specifically complete according to the following steps:
One, gather: gather taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock when spring not yet germinates, require that height of seedling is no more than 10cm, root is long and be no more than 8cm; Dig out in the lump together with the Tu Tuo around taxus chinensis in northeast seedling root during collection, wherein, the soil size that sticks together is as the criterion just to wrap up root system completely, and requires that the moisture content of this Tu Tuo reaches more than 90%;
Two, store: taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock step one gathered puts into woven bag, kept by the mode of watering the moisture content of the Tu Tuo wrapping up taxus chinensis in northeast seedling root 90%;
Three, the plantation of nursery stock: get the step 2 taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock stored in 1 time-of-week and complete to the plantation in transplanting container; Concrete operations are: the 1) selection of container for plant growth: choose the root length 15cm being highly not more than taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock, the container of diameter 5 ~ 10cm; 2) mixing of filling substrate: sweep pure land face foreign material, perlite is laid in earth's surface, carry out stirring and evenly mixing while the lay peat composed of rotten mosses on it, makes the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic volume mixture ratio reach 2:1 ~ 4:1; 3) sterilization of filling substrate: water enough clear water in matrix, till the moisture content of matrix reaches more than 40%, water in stromal surface after thimerosal is mixed according to the ratio that volume ratio is 1:500 with clear water, in the process of pouring thimerosal, ceaselessly stir matrix to make Disinfection Effect even, the substrate water content after finally sterile-processed reaches 90%; 4) filling of matrix: by step 3) matrix after sterilization is filled into step 1) in the container for plant growth selected, make stromal surface fair with container for plant growth edge when non-pushed; 5), the plantation of nursery stock: plant front clear water and embathe and fall to take from the Tu Tuo that step 2 stores the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling root outer wrapping in 1 time-of-week, from root system top, the main root of 1/3 is clipped after cleaning root system surface exposed soil, transplanted seedling tree after section root is entered the position of half height in container for plant growth, upwards gently carry seedling to do until the rhizome intersection of taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock just exposes stromal surface, remain the terminal bud of taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock in process of planting upward;
6), the method for operating of infiltrating irrigation four, the infiltrating irrigation of nursery stock is cultivated:: have the container of nursery stock to put in water tray cultivation, make the water surface close to 1/3 place of container for plant growth height, and it is below horizontal at this to maintain water surface elevation by adding water in pallet in whole seedling raising process, the cultivation time is 5 months; 7) selection of water tray: pallet height is the half of container for plant growth height, pallet volume is 2 times of container for plant growth volume; 8) fertilizer treatment during infiltrating irrigation: water soluble fertilizer and water are fully mixed in the middle of rear perfusion to pallet, infiltrating irrigation condition is the nitrogen of every strain, the total fertilization amount of phosphorus, potassium is respectively 80mg; 9) the warm photocontrol between fertilizer application period: keep the intensity of illumination on nursery stock top at 1000 ~ 3000lx, during infiltrating irrigation, control temperature is at 10 ~ 38 DEG C.
The present invention comprises following beneficial effect:
One, filtration irrigation method is adopted can to realize the constant absorption of seedling root to moisture in pallet by the absorption principle in hollow billet space, the method can realize accurately supplying water according to the water requirement of taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock, both saving water resource, nursery stock can be made again still to keep good growing way when summer high temperature, Growing season terminal hour survival rate can reach more than 90%, its major advantage be simple to operate, with low cost, take effect significantly;
Two, a series of link such as collection, transport, accumulating, plantation of the present invention to taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock proposes certain requirement, and after taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock can be made to plant, slow seedling also adapts to infiltrating irrigation environment rapidly fast;
Three, apply fertilizer to nursery stock in infiltrating irrigation process in the present invention, nursery stock absorbs nutrient gradually in the process of moisture absorption, is not only conducive to the growth of nursery stock, has also stopped the problem of the leaching loss of nutrient produced because of moisture leaching simultaneously.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment is the infiltrating irrigation breeding method of a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling, and today completes according to following steps:
1., acquisition time one, gather:: the collection completing taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock at the beginning of 4 months spring, now taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock is still in resting state, and therefore transplanting survival rate is higher; 2., select to require: selection growing way is healthy and strong, disease-free, the obvious taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock of trunk, height of seedling is no more than 10cm, root is long is no more than 8cm; 3., gather and require: dig out in the lump together with the Tu Tuo around taxus chinensis in northeast seedling root during collection, to ensure the complete of root system, the soil size that sticks together is as the criterion just to wrap up root system completely, and requires that the moisture content of this Tu Tuo reaches more than 90%; 4., store: after being gathered by taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock, in transplanting process, need moisturizing to store, method is: the taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock of band Tu Tuo is put into moist woven bag, is kept the moisture content of the Tu Tuo wrapping up taxus chinensis in northeast seedling root 90% by the mode of watering;
Two, the plantation of nursery stock: 1., plant the time: taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock stores after acquisition in 1 time-of-week and completes to the plantation in transplanting container; 2., the selection of container for plant growth: the height of container for plant growth should be greater than the root length of taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock, but maximum height is no more than 15cm, and the diameter of container is advisable with 5 ~ 10cm; 3., the mixing of filling substrate: sweep pure land face foreign material, perlite is laid in earth's surface, lay peat composed of rotten mosses stirring and evenly mixing on one side on it, the final peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic volume mixture ratio are 3:1; 4., the sterilization of filling substrate: water enough clear water in matrix, till more than till the moisture content of matrix reaches 40%, water in this stromal surface after thimerosal is mixed according to the ratio of 1:500 with clear water, in the process of pouring thimerosal, ceaselessly stir matrix to make Disinfection Effect even, the substrate water content after finally sterile-processed reaches 90%; 5., the filling of matrix: the matrix after sterilization is filled in container for plant growth, makes when non-pushed stromal surface and container for plant growth edge maintain an equal level; 6., the plantation of nursery stock: plant the Tu Tuo that front clear water embathes taxus chinensis in northeast seedling root outer wrapping, from root system top, the main root of 1/3 is clipped after cleaning root system surface exposed soil, transplanted seedling tree after section root is entered the position of about half height in container for plant growth, upwards gently carry seedling to do until the rhizome intersection of taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock just exposes stromal surface, remain the terminal bud of taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock in process of planting upward;
1., the method for operating of infiltrating irrigation three, the infiltrating irrigation of nursery stock is cultivated:: have the container of nursery stock to put in water tray cultivation, the water surface is made to reach 1/3 place of container for plant growth height, and it is below horizontal at this to maintain water surface elevation by adding water in pallet in whole seedling raising process, nursery stock constantly does to absorb moisture in pallet by the infiltration of matrix, therefore must guard against during infiltrating irrigation and moisture in pallet can not be allowed exhausted, cultivate time remaining 5 months; 2., the selection of water tray: material pallet should possess prevents features such as getting rusty, corrosion-resistant, and pallet height is close to the half of container for plant growth height, and pallet volume is about 2 times of container for plant growth volume; 3. the warm photocontrol, between fertilizer application period: by the shading of sunshade measure temperature control, keep the intensity of illumination on nursery stock top at 1000 ~ 3000lx, during infiltrating irrigation, control temperature is within the scope of 10 ~ 38 DEG C; 4. the fertilizer treatment, during infiltrating irrigation: fully mix in the middle of rear perfusion to pallet by water soluble fertilizer and water, the total fertilization amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is all advisable at every strain 80mg respectively.
Compare with the irrigation method of traditional taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling, the major advantage of present embodiment be simple to operate in increasing irrigation efficiency, with low cost, take effect significantly, obviously improve seedling growth performance, improve survival rate.
Between 1 to 15 April that acquisition time described in present embodiment step one is generally annual.
The a series of link such as collection, transport, accumulating, plantation of present embodiment to taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling proposes certain requirement, delays seedling fast and adapts to infiltrating irrigation and cultivate after taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock can be made to plant.
Present embodiment proposes clear and definite temperature controlling range, and the temperature control method wherein in seedling raising greenhouse comprises the flowing of promotion air, increases air humidity and direct cold air cooling etc.
Propose in present embodiment to reduce temperature by the way of sunshade, the method is mainly applicable to shine upon strong period around high noon summer, and clearly propose the intensity of illumination scope of taxus chinensis in northeast cultivation of container seedling in present embodiment, as intensity of illumination can utilize artificial means supplementary light intensity of adding cold light source not during sunshading and temperature reducing.
Clearly propose fertilizing method and fertilizing amount in present embodiment, ensure that nursery stock meets sufficient Nutrient Absorption while effective moisture absorption, thus ensure nursery stock benign growths.
Embodiment two: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: step one 1. described in nursery stock acquisition time be April 15 to May 1, in collection nursery stock on the same day just at once by transplanting to container.Other are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: step 2 3. described in seedling medium mixed by the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlite, the described peat composed of rotten mosses be 100% composition without the mud peat composed of rotten mosses, during mixing, the peat composed of rotten mosses is poured on the perlite center divided to stir, in the matrix finally mixed, the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic volume ratio are 2:1 again.Other are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment four: the difference one of in present embodiment and embodiment one to three is: step 2 4. described in disinfect: be that thimerosal and water mix by 1:500 by thimerosal and water volume ratio, obtain diluting rear thimerosal, the matrix mixed to be mixed in thimerosal and to stir, substrate water content after stirring reaches 90%, leaves standstill and comes into operation after 1 ~ 3 hour.Other are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment five: the difference one of in present embodiment and embodiment one to four is: step 2 5. described in fertilising complete according to following operation: be filled in container for plant growth after the matrix after sterilizing and fertilizer are mixed, make stromal surface and container for plant growth edge maintain an equal level when non-pushed, this fertilizer comprises the type of waste such as the solid particle such as slow-release fertilizer, fertilizer, bulk; Step simultaneously.Step 3 4. in adopt slow-release fertilizer or fertilizer to provide nutrient for seedling growth, the total fertilization amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is all advisable at every strain 80mg respectively.Other are identical with embodiment one.
Adopt following verification experimental verification effect of the present invention
Test one: the breeding method of a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling infiltrating irrigation, today completes according to the following steps:
1., acquisition time one, gather:: taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock on April 9 spring; 2., select to require: selection growing way is healthy and strong, disease-free, the obvious taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock of trunk, the long 5cm of average height of seedling 3cm, root; 3., gather and require: dig out in the lump together with the Tu Tuo around taxus chinensis in northeast seedling root during collection, to ensure the complete of root system, the soil size that sticks together is as the criterion just to wrap up root system completely, and requires that the moisture content of this Tu Tuo reaches more than 90%; 4., store: after being gathered by taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock, in transplanting process, need moisturizing to store, method is: the taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock of band Tu Tuo is put into moist woven bag, is kept the moisture content of the Tu Tuo wrapping up taxus chinensis in northeast seedling root 90% by the mode of watering.
Two, the plantation of nursery stock: 1., plant the time: storage 1 time-of-week after gathering, planted in container April 16; 2., the selection of container for plant growth: height 13cm, the top diameter 7cm of container, base diameter 3cm; 3., the mixing of filling substrate: sweep pure land face foreign material, perlite is laid in earth's surface, lay peat composed of rotten mosses stirring and evenly mixing on one side on it, the final peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic volume mixture ratio are 3:1; 4., the sterilization of filling substrate: water enough clear water in matrix, till more than till the moisture content of matrix reaches 40%, water in this stromal surface after thimerosal is mixed according to the ratio of 1:500 with clear water, in the process of pouring thimerosal, ceaselessly stir matrix to make Disinfection Effect even, the substrate water content after finally sterile-processed reaches 90%; 5., the filling of matrix: the matrix after sterilization is filled in container for plant growth, makes when non-pushed stromal surface and container for plant growth edge maintain an equal level; 6., the plantation of nursery stock: plant the Tu Tuo that front clear water embathes taxus chinensis in northeast seedling root outer wrapping, from root system top, the main root of 1/3 is clipped after cleaning root system surface exposed soil, transplanted seedling tree after section root is entered the position of about half height in container for plant growth, upwards gently carry seedling to do until the rhizome intersection of taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock just exposes stromal surface, remain the terminal bud of taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock in process of planting upward.
1., the method for operating of infiltrating irrigation three, the infiltrating irrigation of nursery stock is cultivated:: have the container of nursery stock to put in water tray cultivation, the depth of water is made to reach 4cm, in whole seedling raising process, maintaining water surface elevation within the scope of 0 ~ 5cm by adding water in pallet, cultivating time remaining 5 months; 2., the selection of water tray: material pallet is hard PVC, pallet height 6cm, and pallet volume is 1.8 times of container for plant growth volume; 3. the warm photocontrol, between fertilizer application period: by the shading of sunshade measure temperature control, keep the intensity of illumination on nursery stock top at 2000lx, during infiltrating irrigation, control temperature is within the scope of 10 ~ 38 DEG C; 4. the fertilizer treatment, during infiltrating irrigation: fully mix in the middle of rear perfusion to pallet by water soluble fertilizer and water, the total fertilization amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is all advisable at every strain 80mg respectively.
This test method is adopted to carry out the infiltrating irrigation nurturing period to taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling, the at least 5 days time of sustainable nursery after at every turn adding water in pallet, and according to said method in the culture period (5 ~ September) of 5 months, taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock grows fine, survival rate, to more than 90%, makes the water use efficiency of taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling improve 4 times.
Claims (6)
1. an infiltrating irrigation breeding method for taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling, is characterized in that the water use efficiency improving taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling, completes according to the following steps:
One, gather: gather taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock when spring not yet germinates, require that height of seedling is no more than 10cm, root is long and be no more than 8cm; Dig out in the lump together with the Tu Tuo around taxus chinensis in northeast seedling root during collection, wherein, the soil size that sticks together is as the criterion just to wrap up root system completely, and requires that the moisture content of this Tu Tuo reaches more than 90%;
Two, store: taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock step one gathered puts into woven bag, kept by the mode of watering the moisture content of the Tu Tuo wrapping up taxus chinensis in northeast seedling root 90%;
Three, the plantation of nursery stock: get the step 2 taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock stored in 1 time-of-week and complete to the plantation in transplanting container; Concrete operations are: the 1) selection of container for plant growth: choose the root length 15cm being highly not more than taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock, the container of diameter 5 ~ 10cm; 2) mixing of filling substrate: sweep pure land face foreign material, perlite is laid in earth's surface, carry out stirring and evenly mixing while the lay peat composed of rotten mosses on it, makes the peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic volume mixture ratio reach 2:1 ~ 4:1; 3) sterilization of filling substrate: water enough clear water in matrix, till the moisture content of matrix reaches more than 40%, water in stromal surface after thimerosal is mixed according to the ratio that volume ratio is 1:500 with clear water, in the process of pouring thimerosal, ceaselessly stir matrix to make Disinfection Effect even, the substrate water content after finally sterile-processed reaches 90%; 4) filling of matrix: by step 3) matrix after sterilization is filled into step 1) in the container for plant growth selected, make stromal surface fair with container for plant growth edge when non-pushed; 5), the plantation of nursery stock: plant front clear water and embathe and fall to take from the Tu Tuo that step 2 stores the taxus chinensis in northeast seedling root outer wrapping in 1 time-of-week, from root system top, the main root of 1/3 is clipped after cleaning root system surface exposed soil, transplanted seedling tree after section root is entered the position of half height in container for plant growth, upwards gently carry seedling to do until the rhizome intersection of taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock just exposes stromal surface, remain the terminal bud of taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock in process of planting upward;
6), the method for operating of infiltrating irrigation four, the infiltrating irrigation of nursery stock is cultivated:: have the container of nursery stock to put in water tray cultivation, make the water surface close to 1/3 place of container for plant growth height, and it is below horizontal at this to maintain water surface elevation by adding water in pallet in whole seedling raising process, the cultivation time is 5 months; 7) selection of water tray: pallet height is the half of container for plant growth height, pallet volume is 2 times of container for plant growth volume; 8) fertilizer treatment during infiltrating irrigation: water soluble fertilizer and water are fully mixed in the middle of rear perfusion to pallet, infiltrating irrigation condition is the nitrogen of every strain, the total fertilization amount of phosphorus, potassium is respectively 80mg; 9) the warm photocontrol between fertilizer application period: keep the intensity of illumination on nursery stock top at 1000 ~ 3000lx, during infiltrating irrigation, control temperature is at 10 ~ 38 DEG C.
2. the infiltrating irrigation breeding method of a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that the taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock gathered in step one is that growing way is healthy and strong, disease-free, the obvious taxus chinensis in northeast nursery stock of trunk.
3. the infiltrating irrigation breeding method of a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described peat composed of rotten mosses be 100% composition without the mud peat composed of rotten mosses, the described peat composed of rotten mosses and perlitic volume ratio are 3:1.
4. the infiltrating irrigation breeding method of a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described water tray for anti-to get rusty, corrosion resistant water tray.
5. the infiltrating irrigation breeding method of a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the nursery stock acquisition time described in step one be April 15 to May 1, in collection the same day nursery stock by the middle of nursery stock transplanting to container.
6. the infiltrating irrigation breeding method of a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast container seedling according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 3) sterilization of filling substrate leaves standstill 1 ~ 3 hour afterwards, then comes into operation.
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