CN107439299A - A kind of method that taxus chinensis in northeast is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area - Google Patents
A kind of method that taxus chinensis in northeast is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area Download PDFInfo
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- CN107439299A CN107439299A CN201710652840.XA CN201710652840A CN107439299A CN 107439299 A CN107439299 A CN 107439299A CN 201710652840 A CN201710652840 A CN 201710652840A CN 107439299 A CN107439299 A CN 107439299A
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- northeast
- soil
- taxus chinensis
- cultivated
- beijing area
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that taxus chinensis in northeast is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area, it is related to field of forest cultivation technology.It the described method comprises the following steps:Seed selection, it is used as using the taxus chinensis in northeast of Wangqing County's introduces a collection and introduces a fine variety sapling;Lifting, in April lifting;Transport, the nursery that nursery stock is transported to Beijing area are cultivated;Transplanting, transplanting time are mid-April at the bottom of four months;Nursery stock uses bubble root before transplanting;Poured water after transplanting;Cultivate, to shelter from heat or light during slow seedling, and keep soil moisture.The method of the present invention can introduce a fine variety taxus chinensis in northeast to improve to 97% or so to Beijing area and significantly by the survival rate of sapling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of forest cultivation technology, and in particular to a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area
Method.
Background technology
Taxus chinensis in northeast (Taxus cuspidata) is also known as Japanese yew at present, is the Chinese yew genus plants of taxaceae, is me
The precious Tertiary Period few survivors seeds of state's northeast distribution, the wild endangered plants species of 1 grade of focused protection of country.Because of its Beauty
See and in plant generally containing the metabolite taxol for having efficient antitumaous effect and the title for having " plant gold ", and as near
One of focus of research and development over year.There is taxus chinensis in northeast scattered, happiness to give shade, cold wet habitat and the spy such as slow-growing
Point, therefore natural resources are extremely limited.Meanwhile economic interests drive under artificial destruction, be adapted to habitat forfeiture, climate change
Deng the influence of many factors, taxus chinensis in northeast natural population is set to be in Critical Condition.So planting with manually moving, expand east
The population quantity of Taxus cuspidata and inhabit scope there is important economy and society meaning.
Beijing area is because soil surface vegetation coverage is relatively low, soil depletion and easily hardened, the long-term hot arid of weather,
The growth of taxus chinensis in northeast is not met very much, so it is very low to introduce a fine variety survival rate, it is impossible to meet the requirement of afforestation and in situ conservation.
Therefore, it is badly in need of researching and developing a kind of method that taxus chinensis in northeast is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area, to improve kind of a shoot survival percent,
Laid the foundation for the afforestation and in situ conservation of taxus chinensis in northeast.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that taxus chinensis in northeast is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area, by taxus chinensis in northeast
Introduce a fine variety to Beijing area and improve kind of a shoot survival percent.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method that taxus chinensis in northeast is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area, the described method comprises the following steps:Seed selection, use
The taxus chinensis in northeast of Wangqing County's introduces a collection is used as and introduces a fine variety sapling;Lifting, in April lifting;Transport, Beijing area is transported to by nursery stock
Nursery cultivation;Transplanting, transplanting time are mid-April at the bottom of four months;Nursery stock uses bubble root before transplanting;Filled after transplanting
Water;Cultivate, to shelter from heat or light during slow seedling, and keep soil moisture.
Further, during lifting, keep nursery stock humidity and nursery stock will be with Tu Tuo.
Further, it is before transport that the bottom treatment of nursery stock is neat, and coring is encased and is immersed in the water, finally using plastics
Bag encases the position soaked, and tightens polybag sack.
Further, coring is encased using the toilet paper of water-absorbing-retaining.
Further, the size of polybag is long 25cm × wide 25cm.
Further, cultivate and sheltered from heat or light using shade net during the slow seedling of phase, the light transmittance of the shade net is 30%-
40%.
Further, the time of irrigation is morning or dusk.
Further, artificial weeding is wanted after cultivating two weeks.
It is a kind of to be pressed using the above method come the soil after the Beijing area improvement of introducing and planting taxus chinensis in northeast, the soil
Include according to volumn concentration:Fertile soil or turfy soil 20%~40%, perlite 10~30%, sandy loam 40%~60%.
Further, the soil includes according to volumn concentration:Fertile soil or turfy soil 30%, perlite 20%,
Sandy loam 50%.
The present invention has the following advantages that compared with prior art:
The present invention can make taxus chinensis in northeast introduce a fine variety to Beijing area and significantly improve the survival rate of sapling to 97% left side
It is right.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art
The required accompanying drawing used is briefly described in embodiment or description of the prior art, it should be apparent that, in describing below
Accompanying drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before creative work is not paid
Put, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the taxus chinensis in northeast that one embodiment of the invention obtains is cultivated in Beijing;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram using conventional method cultivating Chinese yew.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with embodiment, it is clear that described reality
It is part of the embodiment of the present invention to apply example, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the common skill in this area
The every other embodiment that art personnel are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, belong to the model that the present invention protects
Enclose.
A kind of taxus chinensis in northeast of the present invention comprises the following steps in the method that Introduced in Beijing Area is cultivated:
(1) choose seeds:Present inventor is found through experiments that (Wangqing County is under the jurisdiction of Yanbian, Jilin Province Korean nationality certainly for Wangqing County
Control state) taxus chinensis in northeast of introduces a collection is more suitable in Introduced in Beijing Area than other introduces a collections, so the present invention is using Wangqing County's introduces a collection
Taxus chinensis in northeast is used as and introduces a fine variety sapling.
(2) lifting and transport:Early spring temperature is relatively low, and nursery stock is in the resting state before sprouting, and not yet roots, right
In environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, slow in reacting, physiologically active is relatively low, is resistant to the early spring cold and hot variable drastic change weather, is now
The best period of lifting.
Spring nursery stock start growth before carry out lifting, during lifting, to prevent nursery stock dehydration, with lifting,
With classification, pay special attention to protect root system, play the nursery stock with Tu Tuo, prevent that Tu Tuo loosens and is scattered.
It is before transport that nursery stock bottom treatment is neat, coring is encased completely with the toilet paper of water-absorbing-retaining, is put into advance accurate
The part that toilet paper is wrapped is soaked in the water got ready, is encased with long 25cm × wide 25cm polybag and soaks position, finally tightened
Sack.Plant humidity and freshness by packaging should be unaffected in transportation, be transported to the nursery of Beijing area
Ground slow seedling cultivation.
(3) transplant:Transplant the time be mid-April in spring at the bottom of four months because at this moment Pekinese's soil thaws to suitable deep
Degree and be not especially hot.After transplanted seedling tree, the earth gradually gets warm again after a cold spell, and temperature is gradually stable, and soil thaws, and rainwater is gradually more, just
Trees revival is caught up with, into the favorable season of arboreal growth.So when the middle ten days April transplanting taxus chinensis in northeast is most suitable
Phase, when being exactly that germination point has just emitted bud, this when of transplanting is selected not delay current growth also, taxus chinensis in northeast summer is afraid of
Daylight, which burns, to be shone, and sunlight is slowly adapted to after transplanting, is covered with shade net.
Select loosing soil moistening fertile during cultivation, well-drained sand loam plantation;Clay or punja should not plant.
Beijing Soils organic matter is barren, stickiness is strong and easily hardened, and the easy dehydration of nursery stock or retention capacity of soil can be caused inadequate.To understand
The problem of certainly Beijing Soils are easily hardened, by fertile soil or turfy soil, perlite is well mixed turns into seedling medium mixed soil, and
By seedling medium mixed soil and nursery lot site preparation to wherein.For this situation, improvement is carried out to soil, and can to improve soil penetrating
Property.Preferably, the soil after the improvement includes fertile soil or turfy soil 20%~40%, perlite 10~30%, sandy loam
40%~60%.It is highly preferred that fertile soil or turfy soil 30%, perlite 20%, sandy loam 50%.
Nursery stock will carry out bubble root before transplanting, because nursery stock water shortage is serious in transportation, seedling can be improved with bubble root
Wooden water absorbing capacity, ensure survival rate.It must unfold root system during plant, the depth is appropriate, and seedling is gently carried after half of banketing, and ensures root
System combines closely with soil, is finally covered with loosened soil.Transplanted seedling tree density presses seeding row spacing 50cm*50cm, and depth should be than former nursery stock soil
High 2~3cm the plants of trace, making sure to keep in mind should not nest root.Poured water immediately after cultivation, water with must irrigating seedling, most handy kettle watering, can be prevented
Only seedling is washed upside down and exposes seedling root, while soil shrinkage is implemented, and carries out sealing hole soil moisture conservation.
(4) cultivate:Cultivation introduction and acclimatization process early stage must be sheltered from heat or light using shade net so that nursery stock success slow seedling.It is excellent
Selection of land, the light transmittance of the shade net for 30%-40% and ensure to divulge information.
Transplanting will keep nursery soil moistening initial stage, ensure moisture needed for seedling growth.Watering is appropriate, using a small amount of
Multiple water spray means, can both reduce surface temperature, and and can adjusts the relative humidity around nursery stock.Preferably, irrigation method with
Based on sprinkling irrigation, uniform, operating efficiency height is irrigated;The time of irrigation should be selected in morning or dusk, and now evaporation capacity is small, water temperature and ground
The temperature difference is different small.Watering is controlled after to nursery stock slow seedling successfully about one month.
Taxus chinensis in northeast success slow seedling, just occurs weeds, wants timely weeding this when after transplanting two weeks.It should use with caution
Herbicide, to prevent from loosening seedling root mainly based on artificial weeding, during weeding.Remove once grass within about one month or so later, simultaneously
Soil beside nursery stock can be unlayed, improves soil aeration, but not hurt root system.
Embodiment:By taking the taxus chinensis in northeast transplanting implemented in Beijing Ba Jia nurseries as an example.
On April 12nd, 2017,200 taxus chinensis in northeast are bought from Wangqing, jilin taxus chinensis in northeast bio tech ltd
3 years raw seedlings, before afforesting in Beijing, it should in garden carry out changing bed cultivation.Seedling is carried out before spring nursery stock starts growth
Lifting, so selection lifting in 10 days or so April transport, during lifting, will prevent nursery stock dehydration, with lifting, with classification,
Pay special attention to protect root system, play the nursery stock with Tu Tuo, prevent that Tu Tuo loosens and is scattered.Nursery stock should be transplanted in time after processing, no
The nursery stock that can be transplanted in time, the in the shade local falsity of moistening should be selected, exposure outside is avoided and air-dries.
(1) site preparation makees bed before transplanting:
Nursery selection is in the place having abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage are convenient, physical features is flat, it is desirable to deep, the loose moistening of soil layer
Sandy loam.Seedling bed will be ploughed deeply, whole soil crushing, leveling bed surface.Because nursery lot soil viscosity is high, so to adjust the glutinous ratio of sand
Example, by fertile soil or turfy soil, perlite, sandy loam is well mixed turns into seedling medium mixed soil, and by it with Miao Dili's
Soil coordinates, and seedling medium mixed soil includes following component according to percent by volume:Fertile soil or turfy soil 20%~40%, pearl
Rock 10~30%, sandy loam 40%~60%.2m*8m is pressed in seedbed, and prepared by high 20cm specification, top layer 10cm presses above-mentioned nursery base
Matter ratio prepares plant soil, ensures bed surface 10cm depth above sections sand content more than 20% with this.
(2) transplant
Transplant the time be mid-April in spring at the bottom of four months because at this moment soil thaw arrive Suitable depth, Beijing weather is also
It is not especially hot.April 15, the taxus chinensis in northeast transported is transplanted, during plant, root system must be unfolded, it is deep
It is shallow appropriate, seedling is gently carried after half of banketing, it is steady and sure, ensure that root system is combined closely with soil, be finally covered with loosened soil.Transplanted seedling tree density
By seeding row spacing 50cm*50cm, depth should 2~3cm higher than former nursery stock soil trace plant, making sure to keep in mind should not nest root.Poured water immediately after cultivation, water
Seedling must be irrigated, most handy kettle watering, prevents seedling to wash upside down and exposes seedling root, while implements soil shrinkage, and carries out
Seal hole soil moisture conservation.
(3) seedling stage cultivates
April 18, shade net is set up, avoid strong illumination for sunshade and keep bed surface dark and damp.Shade net printing opacity
Rate is 30%-40%, and shade net is highly 50cm or so away from bed surface, and in favor of improving bed surface temperature, increase is ventilative, convenient management
It is advisable.
1. moisture
Transplanting will keep nursery soil moistening, ensure moisture needed for seedling growth initial stage.Watering is appropriate, using a small amount of more
Secondary water spray means, can both reduce surface temperature, and and can adjusts the relative humidity around nursery stock.To nursery stock slow seedling successfully about one
Watering is controlled after month.Irrigation method controls irrigation volume and irrigation uniformly make it that soil is not hardened, operating efficiency based on spraying
It is high;The time of irrigation should be selected in morning or dusk, and now evaporation capacity is small, and water temperature and ground temperature difference are small.In practical operation, selection
6 points or so of every afternoon goes nursery lot to water, and initial stage is watered once every couple of days watering afterwards in about four days once in transplanting daily,
It is dry and cracked for criterion with nursery lot soil surface soil.
2. weeding
Taxus chinensis in northeast success slow seedling, just occurs weeds, wants this when timely weeding to make nursery stock after transplanting two weeks
Robust growth, well developed root system, prevent weeds from striving moisture, nutrient and illumination condition.In view of spy of the Chinese yew as Medicinal species
Different property, should use herbicide with caution, mainly based on artificial weeding.Therefore, GPRS " except it is early, except well, except " principle, accomplish bed
To prevent from loosening seedling root without weeds in face and pavement, during weeding.About one month or so later except once grass, while can pine one
Soil beside loose nursery stock, soil aeration is improved, but not hurt root system.
End May 14, taxus chinensis in northeast slow seedling success, plant 200 Chinese yew, dead seedling 5, survival rate is up to
97.5%.Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for the taxus chinensis in northeast that the present embodiment of the present invention is planted in Beijing area;Fig. 2 is conventional method
Beijing area plantation taxus chinensis in northeast schematic diagram.
One layer of mixture that fertile soil is made up of rotten plant material and all kinds of organic wastes (such as food waste), can be used for
It is potted plant.Fertile soil is that the residual leaf of deadwood of topsoil trees in forest is formed after long-term putrid fermentation.
Turfy soil is peat, is the product in formation process of bog.Turfy soil is formed at the Quaternary Period, by the residual of limnocryptophyte
Body, under the weather condition of more water, it is impossible to decompose accumulation completely and form.The plant do not decomposed containing large quantity of moisture and thoroughly is residual
Body, humus and a part of mineral matter.
Perlite is a kind of acidic lava of volcanic eruption, the glassy rock formed through quick refrigeration, because it has treasure
Pearl fissured structure and gain the name.Perlite ore deposit includes perlite, obsidian and pitchstone.The difference of three be perlite have because
The arc-shaped crack that condensation is formed, claim perlitic structure, water content 2~6%;Pitchstone has unique resinous luster,
Water content 6~10%;Obsidian has glassy lustre and conchoidal fracture, and water content is generally less than 2%.
Sandy loam refers to the soil that sticking grain, powder, sand grain content are moderate in soil particle composition, and sandy soil refer to that silt content accounts for
80%, clay accounts for 20% or so soil, and sandy loam is exactly the soil between loam and sandy soil.
Embodiment 2
For the soil after the Beijing area improvement of introducing and planting taxus chinensis in northeast, the soil is according to volumn concentration
Including fertile soil or turfy soil 30%, perlite 20%, sandy loam 50%.Other methods are the same as embodiment 1
The slow seedling success of the taxus chinensis in northeast of 2 kinds of plants of embodiment, plant 300 Chinese yew, dead seedling 10, survival rate height
Up to 96.7%.
Embodiment 3
For the soil after the Beijing area improvement of introducing and planting taxus chinensis in northeast, the soil is according to volumn concentration
Including fertile soil or turfy soil 40%, perlite 10%, sandy loam 50%.Other methods are the same as embodiment 1
The slow seedling success of the taxus chinensis in northeast of 3 kinds of plants of embodiment, plant 100 Chinese yew, dead seedling 5, survival rate height
Up to 95%.
Embodiment 4
For the soil after the Beijing area improvement of introducing and planting taxus chinensis in northeast, the soil is according to volumn concentration
Including fertile soil or turfy soil 20%, perlite 20%, sandy loam 60%.Other methods are the same as embodiment 1
The slow seedling success of the taxus chinensis in northeast of 4 kinds of plants of embodiment, plant 200 Chinese yew, dead seedling 7, survival rate height
Up to 96.5%.
Embodiment 5
For the soil after the Beijing area improvement of introducing and planting taxus chinensis in northeast, the soil is according to volumn concentration
Including fertile soil or turfy soil 30%, perlite 30%, sandy loam 40%.Other methods are the same as embodiment 1
The slow seedling success of the taxus chinensis in northeast of 5 kinds of plants of embodiment, plant 100 Chinese yew, dead seedling 6, survival rate height
Up to 96%.
Finally it should be noted that:Various embodiments above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations;To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to foregoing embodiments for pipe, it will be understood by those within the art that:Its according to
The technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can so be modified, either which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent substitution;And these modifications or replacement, the essence of appropriate technical solution is departed from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that taxus chinensis in northeast is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area, the described method comprises the following steps:
Seed selection, it is used as using the taxus chinensis in northeast of Wangqing County's introduces a collection and introduces a fine variety sapling;
Lifting, in April lifting;
Transport, the nursery that nursery stock is transported to Beijing area are cultivated;
Transplanting, transplanting time are mid-April at the bottom of four months;Nursery stock uses bubble root before transplanting;Poured water after transplanting;
Cultivate, to shelter from heat or light during slow seedling, and keep soil moisture.
2. the method that a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast according to claim 1 is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area, it is characterised in that
During lifting, keep nursery stock humidity and nursery stock will be with Tu Tuo.
3. the method that a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast according to claim 1 is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area, it is characterised in that fortune
It is before defeated that the bottom treatment of nursery stock is neat, and coring is encased and is immersed in the water, the position soaked finally is encased using polybag, and
Tighten polybag sack.
4. the method that a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast according to claim 1 is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area, it is characterised in that adopt
Coring is encased with the toilet paper of water-absorbing-retaining.
5. the method that a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast according to claim 1 is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area, it is characterised in that modeling
The size of pocket is long 25cm × wide 25cm.
6. the method that a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast according to claim 1 is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area, it is characterised in that plant
Sheltered from heat or light during the slow seedling of training phase using shade net, the light transmittance of the shade net is 30%-40%.
7. the method that a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast according to claim 1 is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area, it is characterised in that fill
The time irrigate is morning or dusk.
8. the method that a kind of taxus chinensis in northeast according to claim 1 is cultivated in Introduced in Beijing Area, it is characterised in that plant
Artificial weeding is wanted after training two weeks.
9. a kind of method using claim 1-8 come introducing and planting taxus chinensis in northeast Beijing area improvement after soil, its
It is characterised by, the soil includes according to volumn concentration:Fertile soil or turfy soil 20%~40%, perlite 10~
30%, sandy loam 40%~60%.
10. a kind of soil according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the soil includes according to volumn concentration:It is rotten
Grow soil or turfy soil 30%, perlite 20%, sandy loam 50%.
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Cited By (1)
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CN110140577A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-20 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of taxus chinensis in northeast field homing method |
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