CN1926949A

CN1926949A - Method for grafting various camellias on a big tree

Info

Publication number: CN1926949A
Application number: CN 200610051234
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱德洪; 杨海林; 朱立; 李峰
Original assignee: GUIZHOU HONGCHEN CAMELLIA RESOURCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
Current assignee: GUIZHOU HONGCHEN CAMELLIA RESOURCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
Priority date: 2006-09-27
Filing date: 2006-09-27
Publication date: 2007-03-14
Anticipated expiration: 2026-09-27
Also published as: CN100506018C

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for grafting camellia at one tree and several kinds. Wherein, said method comprises that (1) selecting stock and grafting; (2) preparing the drug used to coat cut; (3) disinfecting the stock and graft before grafting; (4) stemming and grafting; (5) nursing after grafting; (6) managing after grafting; (7) managing in 3 months after grafting. The inventive method can use one tree to obtain several camellias, with their own genes. And the colors, shapes and diameters of said camellias are different.

Description

The big tree camellia of the one many kinds of tree grafting method

Affiliated field

The invention belongs to the grafting method of trees in the gardening, particularly, belong to the method for grafting camellia on giant tea tree.

Technical background

Camellia (Camellia japonica) is the Theaceae arbor, blooms in the Winter-Spring, spends large-scalely, and common is large red.Kind is a lot of in the gardening, and existing single-lobe has polyphyll again, and pattern is red to differ in vain.The not only tree-like grace of giant tea tree, evergreen, the full branch of full-blown flowers of the four seasons, and can absorb airborne sulphide, have the function that purifies air.Tea tree is experienced all sorts of cultivation, has become one of famous ornamental plants of China.By the kind heap sort of camellia plant, can be divided into camellia group, ancient tea group and oil tea group.The oil tea aboundresources of China's spontaneous growth, the emphasis vitellarium is the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, is many with Guizhou especially.Tea oil tree also is a kind of oil crop, and its oil tea really is one of edible oil materials resource.Tea oil tree grows into after death, and no longer the result is often cut down by people, so that upgrade.The giant tea tree of this tree-like grace has very high value of viewing and admiring with greening environment, so destroys different from unfortunately.Up to now, people are very few for the utilization research of the big tree of fruitless camellia.

Traditional camellia grafting method is an inarching method, the typical case that Chinese patent application part CN200510023485.7 number " camellia tree quick-forming engrafting technique " is exactly this method, though this method can the grafting camellia, but need utilize potted plant little tree as scion, therefore can only carry out on a small quantity, and the management trouble, the grafting success rate of camellia is not high.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of grafting method that utilizes the big tree camellia of the many kinds of tree that the big tree of century-old oil tea carries out; its cultivation is become the big tree camellia of the many kinds with good ornamental value; protecting the tea oil tree resource of China effectively, and make and utilize fruitless tea oil tree to beautify the environment to become possibility.

To achieve these goals, the inventor is through reaching 10 years of researches and practice, through thousands of time failure and successes, find out a plurality of and even dozens of kind of the complete big tree grafting of a strain oil tea of a cover finally and can survive, leave the gardening method of multiple large-scale camellia.

The grafting method of the big tree camellia of the many kinds of tree that the inventor provides comprises:

(1) select stock and scion,

The big tree of oil tea of choosing tree-walk 10～70cm is as stock, and the big tree of oil tea can be original growth, also can be transplanting survival; According to the design of carrying out in advance, the camellia kind of choosing healthy growth is as scion, wherein with the camellia of famous and precious kind for well, the flower footpath that scion has is big, can reach 22cm, the flower that has is directly littler, only 12cm.

(2) preparation medicament

Heal as early as possible for the wound tissue that makes stock and scion, guarantee that scion survives, and reduce the loss of plant moisture, must impose medicament to wound tissue during grafting, so must prepare medicament before the grafting.Used medicament can adopt one of following 3 kinds of liquid medicine:

1. adopt indolebutyric acid (IBA), methyl (NAA), 3 kinds of chemical substances that can promote plant establishment of heteroauxin (IAA), with the alcohol dissolving, convert the weak solution that water 600～1000ml obtains with every 1g then earlier;

2. convert the solution that water 100ml makes with 1 of somedon, 2 in dimension C tablet;

3. the juice of squeezing out with leaf and the bar of white common calla.

(3) before the grafting to stock and the scion sterilization that carries out disinfection

Giant tea tree as stock will spray with disinfectant commonly used before grafting, the sterilization that carries out disinfection, the weeds around the big tree of removing simultaneously; Camellia as scion also will spray the liquid medicine disinfection, as long as but be sprayed on its branch.

(4) cut a grafting

Around stock, put up falsework earlier, its highly through treetop; Stock is cut away a part of branch according to design, and correspondingly clip is as the branch of the camellia of scion, and the branch diameter that branch diameter that cuts and stock cut away is close; Then the stock otch is cut into wedge shape, the otch of scion also is whittled into corresponding wedge shape; Immediately medicament is coated with completely all cut, otch, clip, then the branch cut alignment of scion is inserted the otch of stock branch, form grafting; When inserting, must aim at, accomplish that skin is to skin; If both thicknesses are not too consistent, must aim at one side, also want skin to skin; Be cut into plastic film then little grafting tied up tightly, prevent into water.

The binding method that plastics are little is: earlier twine twice in the joint portion of stock and scion, it 2/3 is wrapped in the joint portion, and 1/3 surpasses the mouth of cutting of scion; Continue to twine twice then, 1/3 encircling that will exceed makes its strict sealing; The otch that later twines stock seals again.

(5) safeguard measure after the grafting

Hang an air-locked plastic sack in stock and scion place, wherein load onto an amount of water, tighten sealing then, guarantee that scion grows in the high humility of 25～40 ℃ high temperature and 80%～90%; Add black plastic bag sunshade 30 days in grafting; After the grafting of full tree is finished, whole strain tree is put shade net.

(6) administrative skill after the grafting

After the grafting complete stool is sprayed a potassium dihydrogen phosphate, have additional nutrients; If red, white mould bacterium appears in the stock plant, or when blade face, trunk damaged by vermin, should spray lime sulfur one time.

Plant to grafting is often observed, and finds to hang over when water has evaporated in the small plastic bag of grafting place, injects clear water with injection needle and is replenished.

When finding that scion begins the young sprout of growing, and when sending 2～3 leaves, should in time cancel plastic sack and bundling bag; When scion young sprout lignification, remove sky shade.

(7) administrative skill of grafting after 3 months

After the grafting 3 months, should in time mend the scion of death and to connect, strengthen the water of stock, fertile management simultaneously, keep the skin wet and nutrient.After young sprout is sent in scion, spray water every day sooner or later one time, potassium dihydrogen phosphate of spray in per 20 days, the nutrient of increase giant tea tree and scion; Note rejecting the twig that giant tea tree self sends; As find damage by disease and insect, should in time spray insecticide.

It must be noted that,, except implementing above-mentioned technology,, should carry out an insect-pest processing in per 3 months limb and the root of big tree for the giant tea tree of transplanting survival, and disinfection; Per 2 months to the tree root fertilising once, sprayed potassium dihydrogen phosphate once for grafting and limb in per 20 days; The situation of pruning in the time of also will transplanting according to giant tea tree when grafting is carried out the grafting of shaping formula, makes tree-like attractive in appearance; For the branch grafting, the grafting of carrying out another after one again should connect, in order to avoid the pruning wound causes the plant dehydration too much.

Use the grafting method of the big tree camellia of the many kinds of tree provided by the invention, can change into the big tree of camellia that to leave the famous and precious kind in dozens of China and foreign countries to a strain giant tea tree, they have kept gene separately separately, therefore, the camellia pattern of leaving, flower shape and Hua Jing have nothing in common with each other, and reach the effect of nonvolatil nondiscolouring, indeformable, not mutation.To the grafting of original place giant tea tree, can recover former plant type in 1～2 year; To the grafting of transplanting survival giant tea tree, can recover former plant type in 3～5 years.The present invention is applicable to the occasion of Big Flos Camelliae Japonicae tree as the ornamental trees and shrubs of beautifying the environment, is the extremely strong horticulture technique of a kind of practicality.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing is used for illustrating the effect of part technical essential of the present invention and enforcement.

Cut the branch place at stock when Fig. 1 is grafting and open the wedge mouth; Fig. 2 is for to cut the wedge mouth to scion; Fig. 3 is wedge mouth and the clip that is coated with full stock and scion; Fig. 4 is for to tie up grafting; Fig. 5 is that the small plastic bag that water is housed is banded in the grafting; Fig. 6 is for putting the sunshade of black plastic bag; Fig. 7 is full tree covering sunshade net; The view that Fig. 8 is bloomed for many kinds giant tea tree.

Embodiment

Guizhou Hongchen Camellia Resource Research and Development Institute once dashed in the camellia oleifera lam of pass in Guiyang six and selected a strain tree-walk 19.5cm, the big tree of the oil tea of height of tree 7.2m is as stock, selected 18 famous and precious tea tree breeds, comprised " purple robe jade belt " in the camellia, " black magic ", " Chi Dan ", " Yilan is tender ", " mountain, hole spring ", " switch silk ball ", " Dali butterfly wing ", " thick leaf butterfly wing ", " big Camellia nitidissima ", " Camellia nitidissima ", " Guizhou Camellia nitidissima ", " Zhang Jiacha ", " Dali tea ", " large meatball ", the camellia kind of healthy growths such as " three look brocades " is as scion; Adopt the original place grafting method, carry out grafting work.5 layers of landscape design of the big tree of following camellia have been carried out before the grafting earlier.

Whole process comprises: adopt indolebutyric acid (IBA), with the alcohol dissolving, convert water 600～1000ml with every 1g then and make weak solution, as medicament earlier; To stock and the scion sterilization that carries out disinfection, weed out the rank grass before the grafting; Put up falsework, its highly through treetop cuts away a part of branch with stock according to design in advance, and correspondingly clip then cuts into wedge shape with the stock otch as the branch of the tea tree of scion, and the otch of scion also is whittled into corresponding wedge shape; Immediately medicament is coated with completely all cut, otch, clip, then the branch cut alignment of scion is inserted the otch of stock branch, formed grafting, twice are twined in the joint portion of stock and scion in little the elder generation of being cut into plastic film then, it 2/3 is wrapped in the joint portion, and 1/3 surpasses the mouth of cutting of scion; Continue to twine twice then, 1/3 encircling that will exceed, strict sealing; The otch that later twines stock seals again.Hang an air-locked plastic sack in grafting place, wherein load onto the water of 50ml, tighten sealing, guarantee that scion grows in the high humility of 25～40 ℃ high temperature and 80%～90%; Add black plastic bag sunshade 30 days in grafting; Full tree is 450 camellia twigs of grafting altogether, and whole strain tree was put shade net 1 month.Adopt administrative skill and the administrative skill of grafting after 3 months after the grafting to manage afterwards, emphasis is moisture and the nutrient that replenishes giant tea tree, prevents damage by disease and insect.When scion begins the young sprout of growing, and when sending 2～3 leaves, in time cancel plastic sack and bundling bag; When scion young sprout lignification, remove sky shade; Also to reject the twig that giant tea tree self sends, guarantee surviving of all grafting branches and leaves.

Spring in 2003, the camellia that this tree is left 409 different cultivars, varies in size, pattern is different, hierarchal arrangement has five layers from top to bottom: ground floor is " a purple robe jade belt " and " black magic ", and the flower footpath belongs to middle flower variety; The second layer is " Chi Dan " and " Yilan is tender ", belongs to big flower variety; The 3rd layer is huge flower varieties such as " mountain, hole spring ", " switch silk ball ", " Dali butterfly wing ", " thick leaf butterfly wing "; The 4th layer of usefulness " big Camellia nitidissima ", " Camellia nitidissima ", " Guizhou Camellia nitidissima " etc. are formed special huge flower varieties such as one flavous " floral disc ", layer 5 " Zhang Jiacha ", " Dali tea ", " large meatball ".The back formation " all sorts of flowers are towards the king " of blooming reaches the view of " golden pan arrest flower king ".Ancient tree is very spent, and affords a magnificent spectacle, and flowers blooming like a piece of brocade, and is rare famous and precious.

Claims

The grafting method of the big tree camellia of the 1 one many kinds of tree carries out grafting with stock and scion, and its feature comprises:

(1) selects stock and scion

The big tree of oil tea of choosing tree-walk and be 10～70cm is as stock, and the big tree of oil tea is original growth, or transplanting survival; The camellia kind of choosing healthy growth is as scion;

(2) preparation medicament

The medicament that preparation paints a wound before the grafting;

(3) before the grafting to stock and the scion sterilization that carries out disinfection

Giant tea tree as stock will spray with disinfectant commonly used before grafting, disinfection, the weeds around the big tree of removing simultaneously; Tea tree as scion also will be sprayed the liquid medicine disinfection, as long as but be sprayed on its branch;

(4) cut a grafting

Around stock, put up falsework earlier, its highly through treetop; Stock is cut away a part of branch, and correspondingly clip is as the branch of the tea tree of scion, and the branch diameter that branch diameter that cuts and stock cut away is close; Then the stock otch is cut into wedge shape, the otch of scion also is whittled into corresponding wedge shape; Immediately medicament is coated with completely all cut, otch, clip, then the branch cut alignment of scion is inserted the otch of stock branch, form grafting; Must aim at during insertion, accomplish that skin is to skin; If both thicknesses are not too consistent, must aim at one side, also want skin to skin; Be cut into plastic film then little grafting tied up tightly, prevent into water;

(5) nursing intervention after the grafting

Hang an air-locked plastic sack in stock and scion place, wherein adorn water, tighten sealing, guarantee that scion grows in the high humility of 25～40 ℃ high temperature and 80%～90%; Add black plastic bag sunshade 30 days in grafting; After the grafting of full tree is finished, whole strain tree is put the sunshade net;

(6) administrative skill after the grafting

After the grafting complete stool is sprayed a potassium dihydrogen phosphate, have additional nutrients; If red, white mould bacterium appears in the stock plant, or when blade face, trunk damaged by vermin, should spray lime sulfur one time;

Plant to grafting is often observed, and finds to hang over when moisture has evaporated in the small plastic bag of grafting place, injects clear water with injection needle and is replenished;

When finding that scion begins the young sprout of growing, and when sending 2～3 leaves, should in time cancel plastic sack and bundling bag; When scion young sprout lignification, remove sky shade;

(7) administrative skill of grafting after 3 months

After the grafting 3 months, should in time mend the scion of death and to connect; After young sprout is sent in scion, spray water every day sooner or later one time, potassium dihydrogen phosphate of spray in per 20 days; Note rejecting the twig that giant tea tree self sends; As find damage by disease and insect, should in time spray insecticide.
2 grafting methods as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that used medicament can adopt one of following 3 kinds of liquid medicine:

1. adopt indolebutyric acid (IBA), methyl (NAA), 3 kinds of chemical substances of heteroauxin (IAA), with the alcohol dissolving, convert the weak solution that water 600～1000ml obtains with every 1g then earlier;

2. convert the solution that water 100ml makes with 1 of somedon, 2 in dimension C tablet;

3. the juice of squeezing out with leaf and the bar of white common calla.
3 grafting methods as claimed in claim 1, the binding method of little of plastics is when it is characterized in that grafting: twine twice in the joint portion of stock and scion earlier, it 2/3 is wrapped in the joint portion, and 1/3 surpasses the mouth of cutting of scion; Continue to twine twice then, 1/3 encircling that will exceed makes its strict sealing; The otch that later twines stock seals again.