CN1926956B - Process for big teabush transplantation and survival - Google Patents
Process for big teabush transplantation and survival Download PDFInfo
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- CN1926956B CN1926956B CN2006100512359A CN200610051235A CN1926956B CN 1926956 B CN1926956 B CN 1926956B CN 2006100512359 A CN2006100512359 A CN 2006100512359A CN 200610051235 A CN200610051235 A CN 200610051235A CN 1926956 B CN1926956 B CN 1926956B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for transplanting big tea plant successfully. Wherein, it comprises that cutting root before transplanting and not cutting root, drug utilization, management, water keep, management in later transplanting, management at half year after the transplanting, and the management in 2-4 years. The invention can make the survival rate of tea tree higher than 90%.
Description
Affiliated field
The invention belongs to the transplanting method of trees in the forestry.
Technical background
Giant tea tree is meant the tea tree of tree-walk greater than 10cm.Camellia in the tea tree (Camelliajaponica) is the Theaceae arbor, blooms in the Winter-Spring, spends large-scalely, and common is large red.Kind is a lot of in the gardening, and existing single-lobe has polyphyll again, and pattern is red to differ in vain.The not only tree-like grace of giant tea tree, evergreen, the full branch of full-blown flowers of the four seasons, and can absorb airborne sulphide, have the function that purifies air.Tea tree is experienced all sorts of cultivation, has become one of famous ornamental plants of China, horticulturist even turn out " the camellia king " of tree many kinds, a multi-color.By the kind heap sort of camellia plant, can be divided into camellia group, ancient tea group and oil tea group.The oil tea aboundresources of China's spontaneous growth, the emphasis vitellarium is the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, is many with Guizhou especially.According to investigations, be grown in of oil tea big tree nearly more than 4 ten thousand strain of the tree-walk in Guizhou Province at 10～80cm.
Because giant tea tree has very high ornamental value, is elected as one of preferred seeds of greening environment in urban construction by people.Yet because people are not enough to the characteristics understanding of giant tea tree, the technical measures that the transplanting process is taked are improper, cause many giant tea trees not survive, and the vacation that perhaps can only keep 2～4 years is lived.For example " pine nut squama " ancient tea tree of transplanting of Yunnan, " all sorts of flowers are spilt gold " ancient tea tree that transplant in name garden, Jiangsu, " Hua Yubao " ancient tea tree that transplant in Chongqing etc., all none survives; The giant tea tree that other is unnamed is transplanted hundreds ofly, the example that does not also survive substantially.So some medium even in report, descended the conclusion of " giant tea tree can't transplanting survival " arbitrarily.
In recent years the someone applied for " method for transplanting big trees with bare root " (CN02114146.0), " root washing method for transplanting trees " (CN01108211.9) and " transplanting big tree high survival rate technology " patent such as (CN03142165.2), though can solve the big tree transplanting problem of some seeds, then ineffective for giant tea tree.Up to now, the report that does not all also have bit teabush transplantation and survival both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of bit teabush transplantation and survival, protecting the camellia resource of China effectively, and make and utilize the camellia tree to beautify the environment to become possibility.
To achieve these goals, the inventor has found the only long main root of natural giant tea tree, not long fibrous root through reaching 20 years of researches and observation, and has absorption moisture also fast characteristics of dehydration when fast, injured, and these special natures can make its transplanting be difficult to survive; Adopt traditional implantation technique, " false living " phenomenon can appear in giant tea tree, and promptly with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion in 1 year, growing way decreases year after year afterwards, and limb is withered downwards gradually from the top, and full tree just die gradually in 3～5 years.
The inventor is through thousands of inferior experiments, finally find out the complete giant tea tree transplant survival technology of a cover, this cover technology comprises be completely cured before the transplanting technology and the technology of not being completely cured, medicament operation technique, the administrative skill when transplanting, water conservation technology, transplant the administrative skill in later stage, transplant the administrative skill after half a year and transplant after the administrative skill in 2～4 years; Giant tea tree is united employing technical essential wherein as the case may be in whole transplanting process, to guarantee surviving of giant tea tree.
The main points of the technology of being completely cured before the transplanting comprise: the processing of 1. being completely cured, promptly the root of the giant tea tree of needs transplanting is dug 1/2 of disconnected its root at the periphery of distance pith 1m 1 year spring, saw goes the root of 2～3cm in case ankylose again, and the with medicament coating wound of being completely cured, and cicatrizes a wound and grows new root; Dig in addition 1/2 of disconnected its root at the periphery of distance pith 1m again in the fall, saw removes the root of 2～3cm, and the same with medicament coating wound of being completely cured cicatrizes a wound and grows new root; In such 1 year spring, this giant tea tree has possessed transplanting condition; 2. for to alleviate the weight of giant tea tree self, in case the back of being completely cured lodges the shaping of pruning when being completely cured, reduce the branches and leaves of giant tea tree, and trunk when pruning and the processing of wound with medicament, if any damaging, also with medicament is handled, and makes it grow new organization, wound closure as early as possible; 3. in order to replenish giant tea tree, adopt commercially available potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be dissolved into the aqueous solution, water on the root of giant tea tree, cover its root with weeds simultaneously and preserve moisture, watered once in every month in the loss of back moisture and nutrition of being completely cured.When 4. transplant spring plant has been dug, be transplanted in the preprepared tree well.
The main points of the technology of not being completely cured before the transplanting comprise: 1. determine big tree resting stage, because transplant preferably in the resting stage of giant tea tree, the straightforward procedure of determining resting stage is to be exactly the resting stage of tea tree when observing the young sprout of sending out then and becoming full lignification; 2. can transplant with mud ball,, dig out tree root according to the selected suitable mud ball size of tree-walk size; Can not transplant with mud ball, main root that digs out and fork root suitably stay longer, stay 10～20cm usually, and it is neat that otch is wanted, and adopt paraffin or pitch that cutting part is carried out temporary sealing, add plastic film bag then and tie up, and whole plant carries out thorough seal; 3. after big tree was transported into and transplants the place, sawed-off long root, with medicament painted a wound, and cicatrized a wound and grew new root; 4. as not being with mud ball, wrap up root, and it is permeable that straw is watered with straw because of the soil property reason; 5. adopt commercially available potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be dissolved into the aqueous solution in the transportation, once watered in per 2 hours on trunk at giant tea tree, the blade face, once watered on the straw of mud ball or bag root in per 4 hours; 6. can not be from digging out to the time of implanting above 24 hours.
The main points of medicament operation technique are: a kind of medicament is to adopt 3 kinds of indolebutyric acids (IBA), methyl (NAA), heteroauxin (IAA) can promote in the chemical substance of plant establishment any, dissolve with alcohol earlier, convert the weak solution that water 600～1000ml obtains with every 1g then, be used for applying the place of being completely cured, incision, pruning place and the wound of plant, promote wound healing; Or soak root in order to the concentrated solution that every 1g converts water 10L, to promote new root growth.Another kind of medicament is to convert the place of being completely cured, incision, pruning place and the wound that water 100ml is used for applying plant with 1 of somedon, 2 in dimension C tablet, promotes wound healing; Or convert water 50L with 100 of somedons, 200 in dimension C tablet, and be used for watering the tree root of transplanting, play the effect of sterilization, sterilization and the new root growth of promotion.
Administrative skill main points during transplanting comprise: must dig tree well in advance before 1. transplanting, be as the criterion can fully hold the giant tea tree tree root; 2. must medication water logging bubble before transplanting not with the giant tea tree tree root of mud ball 24 hours, after the injury of root wants with medicament fully to apply, can transplant; 3. water the thick mud of 20cm in the tree root bottom before transplanting, wherein apply the 400g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and make base fertilizer; 4. must remove all bundle of tree root before transplanting, amputate long root and at wound coating medicament; To set greatly when 5. transplanting and be positioned over tree well central authorities, set upright, and constantly add water when banketing and constantly stir water and soil and make into mud, and in mud, sneak into 400～800g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, to increase the nutrient of plant with waddy; 6. when mud is buried the former root blinding of giant tea tree position, cover the dry ground of the above thickness of 5cm; 7. implement the water conservation measure simultaneously after transplanting is finished, and cover the sunshade net; 8. after transplanting 24 hours,, be dissolved in the 50kg clear water, on average water the tea tree of transplanting in 2 strains, with disinfection with 200 tablets of somedon tablets, 100 tablets of dimension C tablets.
Water conservation technology of the present invention is different from conventional water conservation technology, and its main points comprise that one-level water conservation, secondary water conservation and side supply water.The one-level water conservation is according to the film of branch shape with different size big tree complete stool to be sealed, root will cover beyond 1m, tighten on the top, prevent gas leakage, its objective is that impelling whole plant is to take root as early as possible under 80%～90% the super-humid conditions in 30～40 ℃ high temperature and humidity; The secondary water conservation be at tree-walk more than 30cm or the tea tree of serious dehydration carry out, way is to be enclosed within respectively on the limb with film according to tea tree limb size, tightens below inciting somebody to action, and stays a water pocket to be fixed on the limb bottom in the film, wherein the water about 500g is stayed in storage, afterwards the film top is tightened; After all limbs have been overlapped, put hermetic film at whole plant again, thereby form the wet environment of a sealing.The effect of secondary water conservation is, when temperature is high, and the water evaporates in the water pocket, all limbs all are immersed among the steam, have protected the moisture in the tea tree; When temperature descended, vapor condenses became the globule, gets back in the water pocket.The effect that water conservation is preserved moisture is played in this measure, does not grow new root as yet tea tree, self can not play down the effect of supplying water when root absorbs moisture and nutrient, can also impel the plant root to take root as early as possible.
The administrative skill of transplanting the later stage also is the key technology content that giant tea tree survives, and its main points are a lot, must implement one by one.1. transplanting the same day, except that the tree root of transplanting is watered permeable, be with thin conduit to root for running water 24 hours, make the whole plant water saturation; 2. transplant in one month, water water one time to root every day, till ponding appears in root soil face; 3. after transplanting one month, execute in the periphery of root 4m, get rid of insects extremely with lime sulfur or other insecticide; If white mould bacterium or red mould appear in plant, be sprayed on the plant with lime sulfur immediately; 4. remove first and second time sprouting that plant sends, the sprouting that sends for the third time, every is only stayed 2～3 buds, to alleviate the plant burden; Still need to control its quantity after new branch growth gets up, otherwise can increase the root burden, final because moisture and nutrient supply are not enough and dead, therefore general every only keeps a leaf one bud; 5. according to the new big characteristics of tea tree water requirement of transplanting, need to execute the once commercially available water-loss reducer of filling, be used for keeping the humidity of root at root; 6. when finding that the globule on the I and II water conservation film reduces, in time water permeable, till ponding appears in root soil face; 7. per 20 days tea tree trunk and potassium dihydrogen phosphates of foliage-spray to transplanting, the nutrient of increase plant; 8. observe young leaves, black as find occurring by xanthochromia, even when involving whole blade, must spray lime sulfur; If 9. finding has Ants climbing trees to do nest, should spray insecticide and kill it.
Giant tea tree is transplanted the administrative skill main points after half a year: after giant tea tree is transplanted half a year, root grows new root, trunk grows new branch, leaf, should strengthen following management: 1. cut off film as the measure of I and II water conservation, allow the moisture of trunk surface dry, choose out bark and check and have or not moisture to ooze out, if any, illustrate that existing new root grows up to, need not hot and humid and water supply; Film on the trunk can be moved to the below that the treetop end sends sprouting this moment and tie up, only sprouting be carried out the one-level water conservation.2. continue to check the growing state of new root,, need only carry out conventional water conservation, but shade net must keep also if new root is very flourishing; 3. proceed originally to water, desinsection and measures of fertilizer; If 4. trunk top branches and leaves are luxuriant, should extract the part branches and leaves, only stay another part branches and leaves to play photosynthesis, this can make tree root more flourishing.
Giant tea tree is transplanted the administrative skill main points in 2～4 years in back: 1. for preventing " false living " phenomenon of giant tea tree, in preceding 3 years that transplant, on each limb, can only stay a bud and a leaf, to impel it to grow up to flourishing root system, only this, giant tea tree is permanently survived, and to change the not long fibrous root of the only long main root of tea tree be to be the mode that survives of assisting based on fibrous root, main root; 2. using of potassium dihydrogen phosphate changes 1 time every month and enriches the light chicken manure liquid manure through fermentation into 1 time; 3. attractive in appearance tree-like for tea tree is formed, must remove the whole sproutings on the treetop, to alleviate the plant burden; 4. according to the new root reliable situation of growing up, cancel a secondary water conservation measure, use conventional water conservation measure instead, promptly twine trunk, do not allow the water evaporates of trunk, cancellation after 3 years with the film about 16cm; 5. according to the cloudy characteristics of tea tree happiness, the sunshade net also needs to keep after 3～4 years and could cancel; 6. hole or hollow position are arranged on the tea tree, should remove the dead mashed bark of periphery, coating liquid medicine allows it turn over breast, and hole or hollow position is carried out disinfection, seals; 7. the tea root growth is sturdy after 3 years, illustrate to survive, but the shaping of also will pruning.
The inventor now can guarantee that the giant tea tree survival rate of transplanting reaches more than 90% through thousands of tests in more than 20 years.Adopt method of the present invention, the giant tea tree that is grown in the wild mountain range, remote mountains can be transplanted to city and other scenic area, improve the environmental landscape and the air quality of people's life.Can also utilize the giant tea tree of transplanting survival to cultivate camellia, beautify the environment.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is used for illustrating the technical essential of some transplanting giant tea trees.
The giant tea tree of Fig. 1 for preparing to transplant; Fig. 2 is completely cured and the giant tea tree through pruning waits transplanting;
The giant tea tree that Fig. 3 transplants for the band mud ball; Fig. 4 is for applying liquid medicine and carrying out water conservation and handle to the tea tree wound;
Fig. 5 is for pruning to giant tea tree before transplanting and applying chemicals treatment; Fig. 6 handles for the giant tea tree of transplanting is carried out heat and moisture preserving; Fig. 7 handles for the I and II water conservation after transplanting; Fig. 8 is the used water pocket of secondary water conservation; Fig. 9 extracts the branches and leaves of most of New Development for transplanting the back; Figure 10 finishes sunshade net on the back cover for transplanting.
Embodiment
All sorts of flowers oil tea giant tea tree 5 strains of tree-walk at 10～12cm have been transplanted by embodiment 1 Guizhou Hongchen Camellia Resource Research and Development Institute from the other places at the beginning of nineteen eighty-two, through the administrative skill before the employing transplanting, after the transplanting neutralization transplanting, especially chemicals treatment wound, firsts and seconds water conservation technology, transplant administrative skills such as fertilizer practice, survive 4 strains, be used for other camellia of grafting, leaving the flower footpath every year, to reach the Da Hua of 16cm hundreds of.
Oil tea big tree 20 strains of embodiment 2 Guizhou Hongchen Camellia Resource Research and Development Institute to being used to test, tree-walk 5～10cm, carried out annual test of transplanting 1 time, transplanted 3～6 years continuously respectively, the each transplanting all removed the new root of part the coating medicament, short its grows new root again, thereby grasped the administrative skill data of the new root of growing, the plant strain growth stalwartness all survives.
Giant tea tree 40 strains that embodiment 3 Guizhou Hongchen Camellia Resource Research and Development Institute implanted in 2003, tree-walk 20～50cm, administrative skill before employing is transplanted, after the transplanting neutralization transplanting, especially chemicals treatment wound, firsts and seconds water conservation technology, transplant administrative skills such as fertilizer practice, through 3 years management and cultivations, what have cancelled the secondary water conservation, keep the measure of one-level water conservation, the limb of its new length survives fully up to 17cm, none death.
Claims (2)
1. the method for a bit teabush transplantation and survival, giant tea tree is the Theaceae arbor, it is characterized in that this method comprise the technology of being completely cured before the transplanting and the technology of not being completely cured, medicament operation technique, the administrative skill when transplanting, water conservation technology, transplant the later stage administrative skill, transplant the administrative skill after half a year and transplant the administrative skill in 2～4 years in back, wherein:
The main points of the technology of being completely cured before the transplanting comprise: the processing of 1. being completely cured, promptly the root of the giant tea tree of needs transplanting is dug 1/2 of disconnected its root at the periphery of distance pith 1m 1 year spring, and saw removes the root of 2～3cm, and with medicament applies the wound of being completely cured; Dig in addition 1/2 of disconnected its root at the periphery of distance pith 1m again in the fall, saw removes the root of 2～3cm, the same with medicament coating wound of being completely cured; 2. the shaping of pruning reduces branches and leaves, and handles at trunk of pruning and wound with medicament, and if any damaging, also with medicament is handled; 3. adopt potassium dihydrogen phosphate to be dissolved into the aqueous solution, water on tree root, cover its root with weeds simultaneously and preserve moisture, watered once in every month; To the spring in 1 year, this giant tea tree side possessed transplanting condition;
The main points of the technology of not being completely cured before the transplanting comprise: determine that 1. big tree resting stage, the young sprout of promptly sending out then are the resting stage of tea tree when becoming full lignification; 2. can transplant with mud ball,, dig out tree root according to the selected suitable mud ball size of tree-walk size; Can not transplant with mud ball, main root that digs out and fork root stay long 10～20cm, and it is neat that otch is wanted, and adopt paraffin or pitch to the cutting part temporary sealing, add plastic film bag then and tie up, the whole plant thorough seal; 3. after big tree was transported into and transplants the place, sawed-off long root, with medicament painted a wound; 4. can not be with mud ball, wrap up root with straw, and it is permeable that straw is watered; 5. adopt potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution in the transportation, once watered in per 2 hours on trunk at giant tea tree, the blade face, once watered on the straw of mud ball or bag root in per 4 hours; 6. can not be from digging out to the time of implanting above 24 hours;
Administrative skill main points during transplanting comprise: must dig tree well in advance before 1. transplanting, be as the criterion can fully holding tree root; 2. must medication water logging bubble before transplanting not with the tree root of mud ball 24 hours, with medicament fully applies in the injury of root; 3. water the thick mud of 20cm in the tree root bottom before transplanting, wherein apply the 400g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and make base fertilizer; 4. must remove all bundle of tree root before transplanting, amputate long root and at wound coating medicament; To set greatly when 5. transplanting and be positioned over tree well central authorities, set upright, and constantly add water when banketing and constantly stir water and soil and make into mud, and in mud, sneak into 400～800g potassium dihydrogen phosphate with waddy; 6. when mud is buried tree root blinding position, cover the dry ground of the above thickness of 5cm; 7. implement the water conservation measure simultaneously after transplanting is finished, and cover the sunshade net; 8. after transplanting 24 hours,, be dissolved in the 50kg clear water, on average water the tea tree of transplanting in 2 strains with 200 tablets of somedon tablets, 100 tablets of dimension C tablets;
The water conservation technology comprises that one-level water conservation, secondary water conservation and side supply water; The one-level water conservation is with film big tree complete stool to be sealed, and root will cover beyond 1m, tightens on the top, prevents that gas leakage from impelling whole plant to take root as early as possible; The secondary water conservation is to be enclosed within respectively on the limb with film according to the limb size, tightens below inciting somebody to action, and stays a water pocket to be fixed on the limb bottom in the film, and wherein the water about 500g is stayed in storage, afterwards the film top is tightened; Side supplies water and promptly supplies water to tea tree from trunk; After all limbs have been overlapped, put hermetic film at whole plant again;
The administrative skill main points of transplanting the later stage have: 1. transplanting the same day, except that the tree root of transplanting is watered permeable, be with thin conduit to root for running water 24 hours; 2. transplant in one month, water water one time to root every day, till ponding appears in root soil face; 3. after transplanting one month, execute in the periphery of root 4m with lime sulfur or other insecticide; If white mould bacterium or red mould appear in plant, be sprayed on the plant with lime sulfur immediately; 4. remove first and second time sprouting that plant sends, the sprouting that sends for the third time, every is only stayed 2～3 buds; Will control its quantity after new branch growth gets up, every only keeps a leaf one bud; 5. according to the new big characteristics of tea tree water requirement of transplanting, need to execute water-loss reducer of filling at root; 6. when finding that the globule on the I and II water conservation film reduces, in time water permeable, till ponding appears in root soil face; 7. per 20 days tea tree trunk and potassium dihydrogen phosphates of foliage-spray to transplanting; 8. observe young leaves, black as find occurring by xanthochromia, even when involving whole blade, must spray lime sulfur; If 9. finding has Ants climbing trees to do nest, should spray insecticide and kill it;
Transplant the administrative skill main points after half a year: 1. cut off film as the measure of I and II water conservation, allow the moisture of trunk surface dry, choose out bark and check and have or not moisture to ooze out, if any, move the film on the trunk to below that the treetop end sends sprouting and tie up, only sprouting is carried out the one-level water conservation; 2. continue to check the growing state of new root,, only use conventional water conservation, but shade net must keep also if new root is very flourishing; 3. proceed originally to water, desinsection and measures of fertilizer; If 4. trunk top branches and leaves are luxuriant, extract the part branches and leaves;
Giant tea tree is transplanted the administrative skill main points in 2～4 years in back: 1. transplant in preceding 3 years, only stay a bud and a leaf on each limb; 2. potassium dihydrogen phosphate use for 1 time every month and enrich 1 time through the fermentation light chicken manure liquid manure; 3. remove the whole sproutings on the treetop; 4. phase out a secondary water conservation measure, use conventional water conservation measure instead, promptly twine trunk, do not allow the water evaporates of trunk, cancellation after 3 years with the film about 16cm; 5. the sunshade net will be kept after 3～4 years and could cancel; 6. to hole or hollow position are arranged on the tea tree, remove the dead mashed bark of periphery, the coating medicament makes it grow new callus wound closure, broken skin place, and hole or hollow position is carried out disinfection, seals; 7. the tea root growth is sturdy after 3 years, illustrate to survive, but the shaping of also will pruning.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described every technology unites use in each stage in the whole transplanting process of giant tea tree.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN108235909A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-07-03 | 重庆市南山植物园管理处 | A kind of camellia transplanting big tree technology |
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| CN102349431A (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2012-02-15 | 沭阳县苏北花卉有限公司 | Method for improving transplantation survival rate of tall arbor |
| CN102792872B (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2014-01-15 | 辽宁省林业科学研究院 | Mud-carried water-saving forestation method |
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| CN105875110A (en) * | 2014-10-01 | 2016-08-24 | 长沙鼎成农业科技有限公司 | Transplantation technology for camellia |
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| CN108887072A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-11-27 | 姚光亮 | Camellia tree method for transplanting |
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| CN111642353A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-11 | 李金才 | Pu' er old tea tree transplanting and cultivating method |
| CN114303861A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-04-12 | 武汉景天园林有限公司 | High-efficiency environment-friendly bare-root transplanting method for plant seedlings |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108235909A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-07-03 | 重庆市南山植物园管理处 | A kind of camellia transplanting big tree technology |
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