CN109588187B - Method for improving recovery survival rate of lodging trees after typhoon disaster - Google Patents
Method for improving recovery survival rate of lodging trees after typhoon disaster Download PDFInfo
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- CN109588187B CN109588187B CN201811507878.9A CN201811507878A CN109588187B CN 109588187 B CN109588187 B CN 109588187B CN 201811507878 A CN201811507878 A CN 201811507878A CN 109588187 B CN109588187 B CN 109588187B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/14—Props; Stays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate of a lodged tree after typhoon disaster after being straightened, which comprises the steps of temporarily fixing the lodged tree, deeply digging soil accumulated in a tree hole on the windward side, digging soil in the tree hole on the leeward side, maintaining the tree, lifting and straightening the tree, and supporting the straightened tree. According to the invention, the trees are temporarily fixed and then are righted, so that the trees are prevented from moving possibly in the treatment process, and secondary damage to the trees is avoided. The soil accumulated in the tree hole on the windward side is dug deeply, the soil in the tree hole on the leeward side is loosened, the space of the tree hole on the windward side is enlarged, meanwhile, the ventilation and the water permeation of the tree root in the tree hole on the leeward side in the soil are facilitated, and the secondary fracture of the tree root caused by soil extrusion in the later period of righting is avoided. The trees are supported and fixed after being righted, so that the trees are favorable for subsequent growth and are prevented from falling down again.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the survival rate of lodging trees in the technical field of landscape architecture, in particular to a method for improving the recovery survival rate of the lodging trees after typhoon.
Background
Typhoon is one of ten natural disasters affecting the survival of people, and the coastal areas of southeast of China are frequently attacked by typhoon, and the storm, the torrential rain and the seawater flowing back along with the typhoon cause huge damage to urban buildings, landscaping trees and urban public infrastructure, and cause huge loss to the life, property and safety of people. The landscaping trees are most easily affected, the trees are prone to collapse as shown in figure 1, typhoons pass through the environment, the urban landscaping trees are prone to collapse and broken off by thousands, huge economic loss is caused, traffic is blocked, and rescue is affected. According to statistics, after 2017 typhoon attacks of 'Tiange' and 'Paka', trees in the Zhuhai urban area range are over 60 million plants in lodging and broken, river trees are 10 million plants in lodging and broken, Foshan trees are about 2200 more than one plant in lodging, and trees are about 1300 more than one plant in broken. In 2018, the typhoon "mangosteen" lets Guangzhou fall trees as high as 7000 trees in two days, and Shenzhen finds that the trees fall over 11680 trees. In order to restore traffic and quickly organize and rescue disasters, the treatment method for the lodging trees generally comprises the following steps: firstly, cutting and decomposing the lodged trees into garden garbage, and transporting the garden garbage out of the city. However, in order to restore the urban landscaping after a disaster, a large amount of trees are frequently replanted for greening, so that a large amount of capital is required. And secondly, directly righting the trees after simple maintenance. But when the partial lodging trees are righted, the crowns of the trees are often excessively trimmed to the stumps, and the trees righted in the mode need to be restored for 2-3 years or even longer after surviving, so that the original landscape effect cannot be restored in a short time. Meanwhile, in the righting process, the root system of the lodging tree is not protected, and the planting holes are not treated for the second time, so that the tree is damaged for the second time in the righting process, and the survival rate after righting is low. Therefore, a tree recovery method capable of improving the survival rate of the lodged trees after typhoon disaster, rapidly recovering the landscape effect and reducing the economic loss caused by typhoon disaster is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the survival rate of the lodged trees after typhoon, which can quickly finish the straightening recovery in a short time after the trees are lodged, improve the survival rate of the lodged trees after the trees are straightened, and reduce the economic loss.
The solution of the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a method for improving the survival rate of the lodged trees after typhoon disaster by strengthening and recovering the lodged trees comprises the steps of temporarily fixing the lodged trees, deeply digging soil accumulated in tree holes on the windward side and loosening the soil in the tree holes on the leeward side, maintaining the trees, lifting and strengthening the trees, and supporting the strengthened trees.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps:
A. temporarily fixing the lodging trees;
B. digging and cleaning the accumulated soil at the lower part of the tree hole on the windward side, and digging and loosening the soil of the tree hole on the leeward side;
C. treating the wound of the root and trimming the crown;
D. the lifting equipment lifts and centralizes the trees, and the trees are earthed up and compacted in layers after being centralized;
E. irrigating root fixing water;
F. and supporting the righted tree by using a triangular support.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, in step a, for a tree completely lodging, an anchor rod is used to fix the tree on the ground, a soft fixing layer is arranged outside the trunk, a plurality of wood boards are arranged on the soft fixing layer, the anchor rod is inserted on the ground, and a space capable of fixing the tree is formed between a support plate of the anchor rod and the ground.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the step A, the tree which is not completely laid is fixed by the support frame, the outer side of the trunk is provided with a soft fixing layer, a plurality of wood boards are arranged on the soft fixing layer, and the support points of the support frame are connected with the wood boards.
And as a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the step B, digging a tree hole on the windward side, clearing accumulated soil on the lower part of the tree hole, enabling the depth of the tree hole to be 5-10 cm deeper than the original planting depth, and paving fertilizer on the windward side of the tree hole.
In step C, for the tree root with the fracture area smaller than 1/2, the fracture wound surfaces on two sides of the tree root are ground flat, a disinfectant is applied, a protective agent is applied after the fractures are in butt joint, and finally the wound is tied by a film.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, in step C, for the tree root with the fracture area larger than 1/2, the fractured root is cut along the fracture, the end of the tree root is sawed flat, the wound surface is coated with disinfectant and protective agent, and finally the wound is tied with a film.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the step C, 75% of leaves of the trees with the lodging angle below 45 degrees are removed; for trees with lodging angles larger than 45 degrees and smaller than 60 degrees, removing 90% of leaves, trimming the three-level branches of the whole crown, and smearing disinfectant and protective agent on the cut of the trimmed main branches; for trees with lodging angles of more than 60 degrees, the leaves of the whole crown are removed, the secondary branches of the whole crown are trimmed, and the wound of the trimmed main branch is coated with disinfectant and protective agent.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the triangular support comprises a first support positioned on the windward side and two second supports positioned on the leeward side, the included angle between the two second supports is 60-90 degrees, and the included angle between each first support and each second support is not less than 120 degrees.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, after the righted tree is supported, the trunk is wrapped with a water retention layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the trees are temporarily fixed and then are righted, so that the trees are prevented from moving possibly in the treatment process, and secondary damage to the trees is avoided. The soil accumulated in the tree hole on the windward side is dug deeply, the soil in the tree hole on the leeward side is loosened, the space of the tree hole on the windward side is enlarged, meanwhile, the ventilation and the water permeation of the tree root in the tree hole on the leeward side in the soil are facilitated, and the secondary fracture of the tree root caused by soil extrusion in the later period of righting is avoided. The trees are supported and fixed after being righted, so that the trees are favorable for subsequent growth and are prevented from falling down again.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is clear that the described figures are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments, and that a person skilled in the art can also derive other designs and figures from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a lodging tree prior to righting in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a temporarily immobilized lodging tree in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention supporting a tree after being straightened;
fig. 4 is a top view of the triangular bracket of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The conception, the specific structure, and the technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features, and the effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, all the coupling/connection relationships mentioned herein do not mean that the components are directly connected, but mean that a better coupling structure can be formed by adding or reducing coupling accessories according to specific implementation conditions.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, a method for improving the survival rate of the lodged trees after typhoon is used for righting and recovering the lodged trees, after the lodged trees 1 are temporarily fixed, the soil accumulated in the tree holes 21 on the windward side is dug deeply, the soil in the tree holes 22 on the leeward side is loosened, the trees 1 are maintained, the trees 1 are lifted and righted, and the righted trees 1 are supported.
Further preferred embodiments include the steps of:
A. temporarily fixing the fallen trees 1. The purpose of temporary fixation is to prevent secondary damage to the root system of the tree due to tree shaking during righting treatment. For trees 1 which are not completely laid down, the supporting frame 31 is adopted for fixing and supporting. In order to protect the epidermis of the tree 1 from being scratched, a soft fixing layer is arranged on the outer side of the trunk, and preferably, the trunk is wrapped or wound by a linen sheet or a hemp rope from bottom to top. The soft fixing layer is provided with a plurality of wood boards 32, the thickness and the width of the wood boards 32 are basically consistent, and specifically, the wood boards 32 are in a cuboid shape. A plurality of rectangular parallelepiped-shaped wooden boards 32 are uniformly and vertically wound around and bound to the trunk around which the hemp cloth pieces are wrapped. The supporting points of the supporting frame 31 are connected with the wood board 32, and the supporting frame 31 is temporarily fixed and supported at the position, 1.5-2 m away from the tree root, of the trunk.
B. Digging and cleaning the accumulated soil at the lower part of the tree pit 21 on the windward side, so that the depth of the tree pit is 5 cm-10 cm deeper than the original planting depth, and the diameter of the tree pit is 20 cm-30 cm larger than the root system, thereby ensuring that the root system of the tree 1 has enough growth space. And (3) paving a fertilizer on the windward side of the tree hole, wherein the thickness of the fertilizer layer is preferably 5cm, the fertilizer is a mixture of a base fertilizer and pond sludge, and the ratio of the base fertilizer to the pond sludge is 1: 5-1: 10.
In addition, soil in the lee side tree holes 22 is loosened. The root system is carefully taken loose by using tools such as a pickaxe, a hoe and the like, and the fibrous root is protected during the taking care, so that secondary damage to the root system cannot be caused. Because the tree 1 falls to the leeward side when falling, the root of the tree 1 is extruded to the leeward side and is excessively crowded with the soil on the leeward side, the soil in the tree hole 22 on the leeward side is loosened, the air permeability and the water permeability of the soil are ensured, and the secondary fracture of the tree root caused by the extrusion of the soil is avoided during the later-stage righting.
C. And (4) treating the wound of the root and trimming the crown. After the big tree is lodged, the split type fracture of the tree root is treated by adopting two modes according to different fracture degrees:
1) for the tree root with the fracture area smaller than 1/2, the fracture wound surfaces on two sides of the tree root are ground flat, disinfectant is coated, protective agent is coated after the fractures are in butt joint, and finally the wound is tied tightly by a film.
2) For the tree root with fracture area larger than 1/2, the fracture root is cut along the fracture, the tail end of the tree root is sawn flat, disinfectant and protective agent are coated on the wound surface, and finally the wound is tied up by using film. Meanwhile, other rotten roots, damaged roots and broken roots are trimmed together, and a disinfectant and a protective agent are applied.
For the trimming of the tree crown, different treatments are carried out according to the size of the lodging angle:
1) for the tree 1 with the lodging angle below 45 degrees, 75% of leaves are removed and the shape of the crown is basically kept. Trimming the inner branches, the bare-rooted branches and the overlapped branches of the tree 1, cleaning the fine branches, and keeping 3-4 grades of branches so as to basically keep the shape of the crown.
2) For the trees 1 with the lodging angle of more than 45 degrees and less than 60 degrees, 90% of leaves are removed, the three-level branches of the whole crown are trimmed, and disinfectors and protective agents are smeared on the cut of the trimmed main branches.
3) For the trees 1 with the lodging angle of more than 60 degrees, the leaves of the whole crown are removed, the secondary branches of the whole crown are trimmed, and the wound of the trimmed main branch is coated with disinfectant and protective agent. During pruning, several major branches are retained with the best possible maintenance of the crown shape.
Wherein, the lodging angle refers to the size of an included angle between the tree 1 and the vertical direction. Therefore, the value of the lodging angle is more than 0 and less than 90 °.
Preferably, the disinfectant is 500 times liquid of 80% carbendazim; the protective agent mainly comprises the following components: 15-40 parts of wax, 2-5 parts of copper sulfate, 15-40 parts of water and 3-8 parts of hydrated lime.
D. The lifting equipment lifts the tree 1 and centralizes the tree, and the tree is earthed up and compacted in layers after being centralized. The connection between the supporting frame 31 and the wood plate 32 is firstly removed. And (3) binding a crane binding band of the small crane on the wood board 32 on the outer side of the trunk by using the small crane, slowly pulling up the tree 1 by using the small crane for righting, immediately earthing up after righting, and layering and compacting.
E. Irrigating root fixing water. Building cofferdams around the tree holes slightly larger in diameter, pouring enough root fixing water in the cofferdams, and filling soil in time if soil collapse is found to ensure that the soil is in close contact with the root systems.
Preferably, 60 mg.L of naphthylacetic acid (NAA) is selected from root water-1Preparing the rooting water.
F. The triangular support 4 is used to support the tree 1 after being straightened. In consideration of unbalanced force on the windward side and the leeward side of the tree caused by lodging, preferably, the triangular support 4 comprises a first support 41 on the windward side and two second supports 42 on the leeward side, the included angle between the two second supports 42 is 60-90 degrees, and the included angle between each first support 41 and each second support 42 is not less than 120 degrees. In addition, in order to make the triangular support 4 support the tree 1 better, the supporting point of the triangular support is between 2.5-3 m of the trunk, and the included angles between the first support 41 and the second support 42 and the tree 1 are about 60 degrees respectively.
Further as a preferred embodiment, after supporting the straightened tree 1, the trunk is wrapped with a water retention layer. After the operation of righting, need in time to carry out maintenance to trees 1, specifically include: watering in time according to the dry and wet condition of the soil, and watering once in about 7-10 days; spraying 1000 times of 80% carbendazim solution for 1-2 times according to conditions during the period to prevent diseases and insect pests; spraying 500-600 times of the anti-transpirant to the tree crowns every 5-7 days to reduce transpiration water loss of the trees, and continuously spraying for 3-5 times. The water absorption layer on the outer side of the trunk is beneficial for the tree 1 to absorb water and nutrient solution and prevent water loss and sunburn, and preferably, the water absorption material is straw ropes which wrap the trunk from bottom to top and the wrapping height is about 1.5 m.
In addition, to ensure a high survival rate of the lodged trees, all the steps described above should be completed within 12 hours after the trees are lodged. When the whole strengthening and recovering method cannot be completed within the time limit, particularly when the hoisting step cannot be carried out in time, in order to ensure the survival rate of the tree 1 after being strengthened, the maintenance treatment of the tree root of the tree further comprises a moisturizing step: after the wound of the tree root is treated, the tree root is covered by a wet grass blanket or felt cloth, and water is sprayed on the grass blanket or felt cloth at proper time to keep the tree root wet, so that the tree root is prevented from withering. And removing the grass blanket or the felt cloth until the next lifting and righting operation can be carried out, and carrying out the next operation. However, in order to ensure the survival rate of the tree 1 after the straightening, the duration of the moisturizing step is no longer than 3 days at most, that is, the straightening recovery operation in step D and thereafter is performed within 3 days after the moisturizing step is performed on the fallen tree 1.
Compared with the method for righting the tree which is not completely lodged, the method for righting the tree which is completely lodged is mainly different in a temporary fixing mode and a lifting righting process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a temporary fixing mode: to the trees 1 that lodge completely, adopt the stock to fix it on ground, the trunk outside is equipped with soft fixed layer, has arranged polylith plank 32 on the soft fixed layer, and the stock is inserted on ground, forms the space that can fix trees 1 between the layer board of stock and the ground, and the position card that has arranged plank 32 on the trunk is fixed in this space. The planker of the anchor rod is fixed on the wood board 32 on the trunk, so that the pressure damage or the friction damage of the anchor rod to the tree 1 is avoided.
Lifting and righting: the anchor rods fixed to the ground are removed first so that the tree 1 can be moved. And (3) binding a crane binding band of the small crane on the wood board 32 on the outer side of the trunk by using the small crane, slowly pulling up the tree 1 by using the small crane for righting, immediately earthing up after righting, and layering and compacting.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments shown and described, but is capable of numerous equivalents and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims appended hereto.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving the recovery survival rate of lodging trees after typhoon disaster is characterized in that: after temporarily fixing the lodging trees (1), deeply digging accumulated soil in a tree hole (21) on the windward side, loosening soil in a tree hole (22) on the leeward side, maintaining the trees (1), lifting and righting the trees (1), and supporting the righted trees (1);
the method comprises the following steps:
A. temporarily fixing the lodging trees (1);
B. digging and cleaning the accumulated soil at the lower part of the windward side tree hole (21), and digging and loosening the soil of the leeward side tree hole (22);
C. treating the wound of the tree root, and trimming the crown;
D. hoisting the tree (1) by using hoisting equipment, righting, hilling after righting, and layering and compacting;
E. irrigating root fixing water;
F. a triangular support (4) is used for supporting the righted tree (1);
the steps A to F are completed within 12 hours after the trees are laid down, and when the steps A to F are not expected to be completed within the period, a moisture preserving step is also included: after the wound of the tree root is treated, the tree root is covered by a wet grass blanket or felt cloth, and the wet grass blanket or felt cloth is sprayed on the grass blanket or felt cloth in time to keep the grass blanket or felt cloth wet until the next lifting and righting operation can be continued, the grass blanket or felt cloth is removed, and the duration time of the moisture keeping step is not more than 3 days at most.
2. The method for improving the survival rate of the lodged trees after the typhoon is corrected and recovered according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step A, the tree (1) which is completely laid down is fixed on the ground by using the anchor rod, the outer side of the trunk is provided with a soft fixing layer, a plurality of wood boards (32) are arranged on the soft fixing layer, the anchor rod is inserted into the ground, and a space capable of fixing the tree (1) is formed between the supporting plate of the anchor rod and the ground.
3. The method for improving the survival rate of the lodged trees after the typhoon is corrected and recovered according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step A, the tree (1) which is not completely laid down is fixed by a support frame (31), a soft fixing layer is arranged on the outer side of the trunk, a plurality of wood boards (32) are arranged on the soft fixing layer, and a support point of the support frame (31) is connected with the wood boards (32).
4. The method for improving the survival rate of the lodged trees after the typhoon is corrected and recovered according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the step B, digging a tree hole (21) on the windward side, clearing accumulated soil on the lower part of the tree hole to ensure that the depth of the tree hole is 5-10 cm deeper than the original planting depth, and paving fertilizer on the windward side of the tree hole.
5. The method for improving the survival rate of the lodged trees after the typhoon is corrected and recovered according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step C, for the tree root with the fracture area smaller than 1/2, the fracture wound surfaces on two sides of the tree root are ground flat, a disinfectant is coated, a protective agent is coated after the fractures are in butt joint, and finally the wound is tied tightly by a thin film.
6. The method for improving the survival rate of the lodged trees after the typhoon is corrected and recovered according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step C, for the tree root with the fracture area larger than 1/2, firstly, the fractured root is cut along the fracture, then, the tail end of the tree root is sawn flat, the wound surface is coated with disinfectant and protective agent, and finally, the wound is tightly tied by using a film.
7. The method for improving the survival rate of the lodged trees after the typhoon is corrected and recovered according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step C, removing 75% of leaves of the tree (1) with the lodging angle below 45 degrees; for trees (1) with lodging angles larger than 45 degrees and smaller than 60 degrees, removing 90% of leaves, trimming three-level branches of the whole crown, and smearing disinfectant and protective agent on the trimmed main branch wounds; for trees (1) with lodging angles of more than 60 degrees, the leaves of the whole crown are removed, the secondary branches of the whole crown are trimmed, and the wound of the trimmed main branch is coated with disinfectant and protective agent.
8. The method for improving the survival rate of the lodged trees after the typhoon is corrected and recovered according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the triangular support (4) comprises a first support (41) positioned on the windward side and two second supports (42) positioned on the leeward side, the included angle between the two second supports (42) ranges from 60 degrees to 90 degrees, and the included angle between each first support (41) and each second support (42) is not less than 120 degrees.
9. The method for improving the survival rate of the lodged trees after the typhoon is corrected and recovered according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after supporting the righted tree (1), a water retention layer is wrapped on the trunk.
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