CN103461045A - Method for cultivating paddy rice in lodging resistance way - Google Patents
Method for cultivating paddy rice in lodging resistance way Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating paddy rice in a lodging resistance way, comprising the following steps of (1) selecting a lodging resistance variety; (2) implementing row-expanding transplant and rational sparse planting; (3) rationally irrigating to keep the alternate dry or wet status of a paddy field; (4) rationally applying fertilizer to optimize nitrogen fertilizer management; (5) enhancing control on plant diseases and insect pests, i.e. enhancing control on rice planthopper, banded sclerotial blight, rice joint blast and chilo suppressalis; (6) after the occurrence of lodging, timely adopting remedial measures, i.e. timely ditching for water discharge, implementing the foliage top dressing of foliar fertilizer, and bunching and strengthening after lodging. By the adoption of the method for cultivating the paddy rice in the lodging resistance way, as the resistance against external environmental conditions is enhanced, the lodging resistance capability of the paddy rice can be improved; after suffering natural hazards such as typhoon and rainstorm, the paddy rice grows well; therefore, available spikes are increased by 10.2%, total grains are increased by 10.2%, and filled grains are increased by 10.5%; the maturing rate is increased by 10.3%, the thousand grain weight is increased by 10.1%, the theoretical yield is increased by 10.9% and the actual yield is increased by 10.9%; in addition, the rice grains are excellent in quality, the cooked rice is tasted good, and the economic benefits are obvious.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the rice cultivating technique field, particularly a kind of cultivation method of lodging resistance in rice.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the first cereal crops of Jurong City, and cultivated area is at 3.11 ten thousand hm throughout the year
2left and right, due to applying of new varieties and new technology, its output and benefit are enhanced.But due to frequent natural calamity in recent years, every average annual lodging that certain area occurs, affected the raising of annual city rice yield and benefit integral level, paddy rice thousand kernel weight is only 19.95g, ripening rate 75.8%, hang down respectively 6.45g, 17.7%, part field bottom spike of rice head sprouting than normal field.Than the early 7～10d that receives of normal field, further strengthen loss degree because of the lodging harvesting time, affected rice quality.
Rice lodging is the result of the comprehensive functions such as breediness, colony, fertilising, cultivation and meteorological condition.It is the immediate cause of lodging that cloudy weather for several days running and typhoon pass by, and tree characteristics, agronomic measures, plant capacity for the resistance to lodging and rice lodging have substantial connection.Its reason: the one, basal internode length is partially long.Basal internode is long, stem wall circularity is poor, a little less than the plant lodging resistance.According to field, investigate, lodging field base portion 1,2 internodes are obviously longer than normal field, are respectively 3.92cm and 8.77cm, respectively than the long 1.02cm of the field that do not lodge and 2.01cm.Basal internode elongates has increased the lodging risk.Field is investigated and is also shown the people, and the lodging field overwhelming majority is the 2nd internode bending, for typical stem falls.The 2nd, number of productive ear is too much.According to field, investigate, transplanting lodging field average effective fringe is 3,240,000 fringes/h ㎡, than high 120,000 fringes of normal field/h ㎡.Effective fringe 397.5 fringes of the live field that lodges/h ㎡, than high 210,000 fringes of normal live field/h ㎡.The 3rd, rich water quality management is improper, partially executes early nitrogen fertilizer application.Investigation in 2010 gathers, and the field that lodging field base fetilizer for tillering is used purity nitrogen to surpass 270kg/h ㎡ accounts for more than 70%, and due to the prosperous length of the too much paddy rice of nitrogen application during early growth stage, strongly fragrant covering, colony is larger, has increased the danger of later stage lodging.Deep irrigation can make the excessive growth of Culm of Rice internode for a long time, and because supplying, hypoxgia causes root growth to be obstructed, growing way is undeveloped, it is not dark to take root simultaneously, once run into wind and rain, very easily lodges.The 4th, sick worm harm.Rice sheath blight disease lays particular stress on, the rice fulgorid internal injury causes base portion elasticity poor, makes stem tissue destroyed, and stem stalk fracture resistence force descends, and causes lodging.In addition, because of Jurong City September than the violent typhoon occurrence probability higher than October, when heading kind typhoon early arrives, grouting time is longer, top-heavy, more easily lodging.Jurong City's late October lodging field 80% occurs in early field of hills, southeast heading.
The impact of lodging on paddy rice: the one, plant early ageing, yield reducation.After rice lodging, plant is overlapped, and light-receiving area reduces; Because ventilative printing opacity is poor, field humidity is larger in addition simultaneously, and lower blade is withered and yellow rots, and the functional leaf area descends.In addition, due to mechanical damage, the plant nutrition mass exchange is obstructed, and has further strengthened the early ageing of root system and blade, affects photosynthesis, and photosensitizing substance reduces, and causes grouting not full, and thousand kernel weight descends, and not plump paddy increases, and ripening rate reduces.The 2nd, meter matter descends.Because grouting is not enough, the white large percentage of rice trusted subordinate, broken rice rate increases.Spike of rice is for a long time in high humidity environment, and the part grain of rice goes mouldy, germinates, and the glossiness of rice is poor, and quality is produced heavily and descended.Investigation in 2010 gathers, nearly 8 kinds of Jurong City's plantation, and with No. 7 lodging 666.67h ㎡ of force fortune round-grained rice, No. 15 533.33h ㎡ of military fortune round-grained rice, No. 20 lodging 333.33h ㎡ of military fortune round-grained rice.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the cultivation method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of lodging resistance in rice.
Technical scheme: the invention provides a kind of cultivation method of lodging resistance in rice, comprise the following steps:
1) select kind resistant to lodging: on variety adoption, should select that the plant internode is shorter, proper height, stem stalk are sturdy, upright blade, leaf is shorter and the kind of well developed root system;
2) expand row and transplant, rational close planting, adopt the narrow strain planting patterns of wide row, and distance between rows and hills is 13cm * 23cm, and Planting Densities is 1.8 ten thousand caves/667 ㎡ left and right, and Basic Seedling should be controlled at 7.2 ten thousand seedlings/667 ㎡ left and right.
3) Rational Irrigation, keep dry wet friendship the in paddy field to dive; Rational Irrigation requires shallow wet alternate in early stage, promotes to tiller development; Put early field mid-term and suppress ineffective tillering; Later stage hardboard moistening irrigation;
4) rational application of fertilizer, optimize Operational of Nitrogen Among, reduces base fetilizer for tillering consumption, improves fringe granulated fertilizer ratio, many organic fertilizers, and reasonably combined nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, suitably enrich the use of the strong stalk such as potassium, silicon, calcium unit fertilizer;
5) strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, strengthen the preventing and controlling of rice fulgorid, banded sclerotial blight, rice joint pest, striped rice borer;
6) adopt remedial measures in time after the lodging, dig trenches to drain the water away in time, root imposes foliar fertilizer outward, binding, righting after lodging;
Described kind resistant to lodging is town rice No. 10, military No. 23, round-grained rice of fortune, No. 44 kinds resistant to lodging of southern round-grained rice.
Described Basic Seedling should be controlled at 7.2 ten thousand seedlings/667 ㎡ left and right.
Described base fetilizer for tillering and fringe granulated fertilizer ratio are 6:4 or 5.5:4.5.
Described nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer comprise: N20 ㎏/667 ㎡, P
2o
57.5 ㎏/667 ㎡, K
2o15 ㎏/667 ㎡.
Beneficial effect: with existing culture technique ratio, adopt the present invention, the paddy growth well developed root system, take root dark, ventilation and penetrating light between colony is good, the cauline leaf tissue is always strong, the whole plant type of plant is partially short, internode is short, the stem stalk is sturdy, the panicle neck compactness, the stem wall thickness, stem stalk toughness is strong, the resistance of environmental condition strengthens to external world, can improve the lodging resistance in rice ability, suffering under the natural calamities such as Heavy Rain of Typhoon, robust growth, effectively fringe increases 10.2%, total grain increases 10.2%, real grain increases 10.5%, ripening rate increases 10.3%, thousand kernel weight increases 10.1%, theoretical yield increases 10.9%, real producing increases 10.9%, rice quality is excellent, mouthfeel is good, economic benefit is obvious.
Embodiment
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.Yet, those skilled in the art will readily understand, the described concrete material proportion of embodiment, process conditions and result thereof be only for the present invention is described, and should also can not limit the present invention described in detail in claims.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultivation method of lodging resistance in rice comprises the following steps:
1) select kind resistant to lodging: on variety adoption, should select that the plant internode is shorter, proper height, stem stalk are sturdy, upright blade, leaf is shorter and the kind of well developed root system;
2) expand row and transplant, rational close planting, adopt the narrow strain planting patterns of wide row, and distance between rows and hills is 13cm * 23cm, and Planting Densities seedling number is 1.8 ten thousand caves/667 ㎡; Basic stem tiller seedling should be controlled at 7.2 ten thousand seedlings/667 ㎡.Adopt the narrow strain planting patterns of wide row, enlarge and transplant line-spacing and reduce Basic Seedling, improve the ventilation and penetrating light between middle and later periods colony, make the cauline leaf tissue always strong, guarantee robust plant, slow down the harm of disease worm and occur, improve capacity for the resistance to lodging.Distance between rows and hills is 13cmx23cm.Rationally plant rare luminous energy and soil fertility of taking full advantage of, guarantee that ontogeny is good, Population develops suitably, makes on unit are to realize best structure of output, and unit are spike number, every fringe real grain number and grain recuperation are arrived unified and coordinate, thereby capture high yield.Jurong City's part field Basic Seedling is too much, and colony is excessive, increases later stage lodging risk.Field should reduce Basic Seedling, guarantees colony's Rational Development, guarantees individual stalwartness, improves capacity for the resistance to lodging.
3) Rational Irrigation, keep dry wet friendship the in paddy field to dive; Rational Irrigation requires shallow wet alternate in early stage, promotes to tiller development; Put early field mid-term and suppress ineffective tillering; Later stage hardboard moistening irrigation; Paddy rice is planted and carries out science, Rational Irrigation according to different growth and development stages and be conducive to the exchange of root layer aqueous vapor afterwards, improves the root growth environment, promotes to prick under root system, prevents later stage early ageing, and the strong bar of strong root is anti-down.Simultaneously, Rational Irrigation is conducive to suppress ineffective tillering, reduces that field is strongly fragrant covers, and prevents that basal internode from too extending.Rational Irrigation requires shallow wet alternate in early stage, promotes to tiller development; Put early field mid-term and suppress ineffective tillering; Later stage hardboard moistening irrigation.Put field and rest in total stem tiller and reach expection spike number 75% left and right, and accomplish that gradation puts field, field is suitably put in high-yield field in advance.Rice region of hills should overcome cherishs water thought, firmly does then, seedling is to putting in time field.Rice striking root easily loses water balance and causes wilting tillering stage, therefore field keeps the water layer of 2～3cm, cross and deeply can suppress to tiller and postponement is tillered the time, cause a high position to tiller, cross shallow meeting and cause too much tillering, consume plant nutrition, form a large amount of ineffective tillering, when total stem tiller number reaches 22～230,000/667 ㎡, be about to begin and start draining appropriateness dry field, peak seedling is controlled in 280,000/667 ㎡.Dry field to the available nutrient of soil at first suppress, the effect of rear promotion, be beneficial to the undue development of controlling colony, promote the paddy growth center to shift to reproductive growth by nourishing and growing, cultivate large fringe.Can promote to prick under root system, prevent lodging, strengthen the ability of disease and insect resistance.The general solarization opened little splitting to the field face, and foot-operated sagging, the leaf look takes off light, till upright blade.
4) rational application of fertilizer, optimize Operational of Nitrogen Among, reduces base fetilizer for tillering consumption, improves fringe granulated fertilizer ratio, many organic fertilizers, and reasonably combined nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, suitably enrich the use of the strong stalk such as potassium, silicon, calcium unit fertilizer; Many organic fertilizers, reasonably combined nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, execute N20 ㎏/667 ㎡, P
2o
57.5 ㎏/667 ㎡, K
2o15 ㎏/667 ㎡, suitably enrich the use of the strong stalk such as potassium, silicon, calcium unit fertilizer.Research shows, after Potassium Fertilizer, can obviously shorten down the length of internode of 3,4 joints, promotes that the whole internode of plant shortens, chap, reduces plant height, and the plant lodging resistance is strengthened.The element such as silicon, calcium can make the epidermal cell silication of Culm of Rice, increases its toughness, thereby alleviates the infringement of disease worm, and lodging tolerance is improved.The fertilizer application of commerial growing will be optimized Operational of Nitrogen Among according to the colony quality culture technique, reduces base fetilizer for tillering consumption, improves fringe granulated fertilizer ratio.Paddy rice nitrogen pool in all one's life generally is no more than 20kg/667 ㎡.Base fetilizer for tillering and fringe granulated fertilizer ratio are 6:4, in the situation that nitrogen pool is constant, generally execute, heavy dressing jointing booting fertilizer.
5) strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, strengthen the preventing and controlling of rice fulgorid, banded sclerotial blight, rice joint pest, striped rice borer; Accomplish timely control, avoid due to illness insect pest to cause lodging.
6) adopt remedial measures in time after the lodging, dig trenches to drain the water away in time, root imposes foliar fertilizer outward, and binding, righting after lodging, in order to avoid cause new mechanical damage, destroy the natural distribution of leaf, fringe, increase the weight of loss; Dig trenches to drain the water away in time, control field ponding, control blade, stem stalk rot, and extend functional period of leaf, promote the grain seed to continue grouting, and the control fringe germinates and goes rotten; Root imposes foliar fertilizer outward, extends the blade face functional period.
Embodiment 2
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference is, step 2) expand to go and transplant, rational close planting, adopt the narrow strain planting patterns of wide row, and distance between rows and hills is 13cm * 23cm, Planting Densities seedling number is 1.8 ten thousand caves/667 ㎡, and step 4) base fetilizer for tillering and fringe granulated fertilizer ratio are 5.5:4.5.
Experimental example
Adopt above-described embodiment 1,2 kind of paddy rice of planting, effectively fringe increases 10.2%, total grain increases 10.2%, real grain increases 10.5%, ripening rate increases 10.3%, thousand kernel weight increases 10.1%, theoretical yield increases 10.9%, real producing increases 10.9%, and rice quality is excellent, mouthfeel good.
Claims (5)
1. the cultivation method of a lodging resistance in rice, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) select kind resistant to lodging: on variety adoption, should select that the plant internode is shorter, proper height, stem stalk are sturdy, upright blade, leaf is shorter and the kind of well developed root system;
2) expand row and transplant, rational close planting, adopt the narrow strain planting patterns of wide row, and distance between rows and hills is 13cm * 23cm, and Planting Densities is 1.8 ten thousand caves/667 ㎡ left and right; Basic Seedling should be controlled at 7.2 ten thousand seedlings/667 ㎡ left and right.
3) Rational Irrigation, keep dry wet friendship the in paddy field to dive; Rational Irrigation requires shallow wet alternate in early stage, promotes to tiller development; Put early field mid-term and suppress ineffective tillering; Later stage hardboard moistening irrigation;
4) rational application of fertilizer, optimize Operational of Nitrogen Among, reduces base fetilizer for tillering consumption, improves fringe granulated fertilizer ratio, many organic fertilizers, and reasonably combined nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer, suitably enrich the use of the strong stalk such as potassium, silicon, calcium unit fertilizer;
5) strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest, strengthen the preventing and controlling of rice fulgorid, banded sclerotial blight, rice joint pest, striped rice borer;
6) adopt remedial measures in time after the lodging, dig trenches to drain the water away in time, root imposes foliar fertilizer outward, binding, righting after lodging.
2. a kind of cultivation method of lodging resistance in rice according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described kind resistant to lodging is town rice No. 10, military No. 23, round-grained rice of fortune, No. 44 kinds resistant to lodging of southern round-grained rice.
3. a kind of cultivation method of lodging resistance in rice according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described basic stem tiller seedling should be controlled at 7.2 ten thousand seedlings/667 ㎡ left and right.
4. a kind of cultivation method of lodging resistance in rice according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described base fetilizer for tillering and fringe granulated fertilizer ratio are 6:4 or 5.5:4.5.
5. a kind of cultivation method of lodging resistance in rice according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer comprise: N20 ㎏/667 ㎡, P
2o
57.5 ㎏/667 ㎡, K
2o15 ㎏/667 ㎡.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN104396649A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-11 | 成都红柿子科技有限公司 | Lodging-resistant rice planting method |
| CN105794565A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-07-27 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Method for high-biomass lodging-resistant cultivation of rice |
| CN105850615A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-08-17 | 宁海县农业技术推广总站 | Rice planting method |
| CN106688541A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-24 | 安徽华安种业有限责任公司 | Rice lodging-resistant method |
| CN108243881A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-07-06 | 江西农业大学 | A kind of ratooning rice two-layer chain toothrow claw helps a batch device |
| CN109588187A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-09 | 广州普邦园林股份有限公司 | A method of lodging trees righting restores survival rate after improving typhoon calamity |
| CN112005825A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-12-01 | 常德市农林科学研究院 | Rice lodging-resistant method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104396649A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-03-11 | 成都红柿子科技有限公司 | Lodging-resistant rice planting method |
| CN105850615A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-08-17 | 宁海县农业技术推广总站 | Rice planting method |
| CN105850615B (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2018-12-18 | 宁海县农业技术推广总站 | A kind of paddy rice planting method |
| CN105794565A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-07-27 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Method for high-biomass lodging-resistant cultivation of rice |
| CN105794565B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2018-07-24 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Rice high-biomass cultural method resistant to lodging |
| CN106688541A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-24 | 安徽华安种业有限责任公司 | Rice lodging-resistant method |
| CN108243881A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-07-06 | 江西农业大学 | A kind of ratooning rice two-layer chain toothrow claw helps a batch device |
| CN108243881B (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2023-08-15 | 江西农业大学 | Double-layer chain tooth row claw type stubble supporting device for recycled rice |
| CN109588187A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-09 | 广州普邦园林股份有限公司 | A method of lodging trees righting restores survival rate after improving typhoon calamity |
| CN109588187B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2021-09-24 | 广州普邦园林股份有限公司 | Method for improving recovery survival rate of lodging trees after typhoon disaster |
| CN112005825A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-12-01 | 常德市农林科学研究院 | Rice lodging-resistant method |
| CN112005825B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2023-04-25 | 常德市农林科学研究院 | Rice lodging-resistant method |
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