CN111887089B - Method for promoting rapid recovery production of adult lodging macadimia nuts after typhoon disaster - Google Patents
Method for promoting rapid recovery production of adult lodging macadimia nuts after typhoon disaster Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting quick recovery production of adult lodging macadimia nuts after typhoon disasters, which comprises the following steps: (1) dredging the ditch and draining accumulated water; (2) pruning and saw cut coating; (3) supporting trees and promoting rooting; (4) pruning and shaping tree forms; (5) managing and recovering production; the method can enable the injured root system of the adult tree of the lodging macadamia nut to quickly grow new roots, the wound to be quickly healed, the dormant bud to be germinated again to generate branches, the tree body to be quickly recovered, the tree can bloom and bear fruits in a small amount in the second year after typhoon disaster, the high-yield tree form is basically formed in the third year after the typhoon disaster and the production is recovered, the average plant yield is over 10kg, so that the adult tree of the lodging macadamia nut after the typhoon disaster can be quickly recovered, the loss is reduced, and the method plays an active guiding role in recovering the production of the adult tree of the fruit tree after the typhoon disaster.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a macadimia nut planting production method, in particular to a method for recovering production of lodging macadimia nuts after an adult tree typhoon disaster.
Background
Macadamia nut (Macadamiaspp.) also called macadamia nut, originally produced in australia, belongs to the dragon of the mountain eye (Proteaceae) macadamia nut genus (macadamia f. mull) evergreen arbor tree. Macadamia nut is rich in nutrition, the market demand is about 40 ten thousand tons, the current yield is only 22 ten thousand tons, and the market demand cannot be met, so that various planting areas are actively introduced or the planting area is enlarged. In recent years, the planting hot tide is raised in China Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou and other places, and the Tibetan Linzhi area is also actively introduced and tested. According to statistics, at the end of 2018, the planting area of the macadamia nuts in China is about 450 ten thousand mu, which accounts for about 67% of the total area of the world and is the top of the world.
The invention patent with application number 201310483673.2 discloses conditions of fertilization management, fruit preservation and fertilization management, water management and the like of macadamia nut transplanting, and further discloses technical contents of stem fixing, shaping and the like after transplanting, prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and the like. The method can effectively improve the utilization rate of cultivated land, improve the economic benefit of macadamia nut planting, accelerate the development of macadamia nuts, enlarge the forest coverage area, and has great significance for recovering and protecting the ecological environment and improving the income of farmers.
The invention with the application number of 201810800075.6 discloses a macadamia nut wind-resistant cultivation method which mainly comprises the steps of selecting places to build a garden, building a wind-resistant forest, shaping and pruning tree bodies and cultivating wind-resistant supports, selecting varieties with high wind resistance for field planting, building the wind-resistant forest around an orchard, adopting a low-stem short-crown shaping and pruning method to reduce the height and the center of gravity of a crown, and building galvanized steel pipe supports around plants to improve the wind resistance of the plants. The method is simple and easy to implement, improves the wind resistance and reduces the loss caused by wind damage. The method performs the previous work mainly from the aspects of garden building and variety selection, and can prevent the damage of wind power to the macadimia nuts.
Macadimia nuts are tall and big tree species, have tall crowns and undeveloped main roots, are distributed in shallow soil layers, and have poor wind resistance. Adult macadimia nuts planted in southeast coastal hotspots such as Guangdong, Hainan and Fujian suffer from typhoon attack and lodging, resulting in loss of tree bodies and yield. Therefore, how to rapidly promote the recovery of production of lodging Australia nut trees after typhoon is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by production and scientific research units.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for promoting the rapid recovery production of adult lodging macadimia nuts after typhoon disasters, which is simple and feasible and can realize the rapid recovery production of adult lodging macadimia nuts.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for promoting the rapid recovery of adult trees of lodging macadimia nuts after typhoon disaster comprises the following steps:
(1) dredging the ditch, and draining accumulated water: after typhoon, timely cleaning the residual branches, leaves and sludge in the orchard ditch, and removing accumulated water in the orchard;
(2) pruning, saw cut coating: when the soil is still moist and soft after the typhoon disaster, pruning by using a chain saw in time; for adult trees below 20a, sawing off main branches of crown, sawing off the main branches facing the wind in a mode of 30-degree inclined saw cut in the windward direction, sawing off the main branches facing the leeward direction in a mode of 60-degree inclined saw cut in the leeward direction, and reserving stub piles with the length of 30-50 cm; sawing off the crown of an adult tree above 20a, sawing off the crown in a mode of facing a wind direction and obliquely sawing off a cut at an angle of 30 degrees, and reserving a trunk; smearing the saw kerf with a wound healing agent to promote the saw kerf to heal rapidly and the dormant bud to germinate, so that the dormant bud below the saw kerf germinates and sprouts branches again;
(3) supporting trees and promoting rooting: digging soil facing leeward to a tree cave according to the width and depth of a tree root, after damaging the root and breaking the root, trimming the root by using a pruning shear, slowly lifting and righting the lodging tree against the lodging direction to enable the included angle between a trunk and the ground to be 70-90 degrees, enabling the root system to be fully contacted with the soil, supporting the righting lodging tree by using branches, ridging and compacting, irrigating the root by using a root breaking treatment agent, and covering the sawn branches on a tree body and a tree disk until dormant buds below a saw cut germinate and draw branches;
(4) pruning and shaping tree forms: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out labor-saving pruning in the same year and three years before a typhoon disaster, specifically, allowing growth to be released, pinching to promote branching when a newly-extracted branch grows to be 2-3 knots, turning an apical bud of an upright branch which is not branched or has few branches to the outside of a crown by 180 degrees from the second year, enabling the apical bud to be perpendicular to the ground and fixed to inflorescence extraction by a rope, promoting horseback growth on the back of the branch, culturing inner cavity bearing branches as much as possible, and thus, flowering and fruiting in the second year after the disaster can be carried out a little; trimming after picking fruits in the third year after the disaster, selecting 1-2 uniformly distributed main branch groups which grow obliquely towards the outside of the crown on each main branch at intervals of 15-25 cm for adult trees below 20a, selecting 2-3 uniformly distributed robust branch groups for culturing the main branches on the adult trees above 20a, selecting 1-2 uniformly distributed main branch groups which grow obliquely towards the outside of the crown on each main branch at intervals of 30cm, and reserving small lateral branches to culture a high-yield crown skeleton, so that a high-yield tree form is basically formed in the third year after the disaster;
(5) managing and recovering production: in the current year of typhoon disasters, after dormant buds below saw cuts germinate and sprout branches, 0.2 wt.% high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer water and fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces every 10 to 15 days for 1 time to promote the restoration of trees; the method comprises the following steps of (1) insisting one-tip two-fertilizer in the first three years after typhoon disaster, applying a tip promoting fertilizer when 3-5% of the tips germinate and applying a tip strengthening fertilizer when 60-80% of new leaves turn green, applying 100-200 g of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer to single-plant soil in the first year after the typhoon disaster, applying 10-20 kg of thoroughly decomposed sheep manure, 1-2 kg of peanut bran and 200-500 g of quick lime to soil in autumn and winter, and increasing the fertilizing amount by 0.5-1 time every year later so as to promote the robust growth of the tips; the aphids and the thrips are mainly controlled in the young shoot stage, the fruit borers and the stinkbugs are mainly controlled in the young fruit stage, the aphids are controlled by spraying 3000-5000 times of 50 wt.% of pirimicarb wettable powder or 1000-2000 times of 25 wt.% of aphid-mite clear emulsifiable concentrate, and the fruit borers, the stinkbugs and the thrips are controlled by spraying 1000-2000 times of 10 wt.% of high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate or 600-800 times of 90 wt.% trichlorfon soluble powder; and (3) beginning to implement flower and fruit protection measures in the third year after the disaster, promoting fruit setting and improving yield, so that production is basically recovered in the third year after the disaster.
Preferably, the wound healing agent in the step (2) is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.01-0.1% of benzyladenine, 0.1-0.3% of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.2-0.5% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 4-8% of carbendazim, 4-8% of sulfur powder, 8-12% of vaseline, 25-35% of water and 45-55% of clay; n of the high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer: p: k is 10: 2-4: 5 to 8.
Preferably, the root-breaking treatment agent in the step (3) is prepared from 100-200 ppm of sodium naphthylacetate, 700-1000 times of 50 wt.% carbendazim wettable powder, 4000-5000 times of 2.5% bifenthrin missible oil solution according to a volume ratio of 2: 1: 1, mixing and preparing.
Preferably, the flower and fruit retention measures in step (5) are as follows: when inflorescences extend to 3-5 cm, 100-200 g of borax, 300-500 g of magnesium sulfate and 100-200 g of zinc sulfate are applied to single plant soil, 800-1000 times of solution of potassium fulvate and 75-125 mg/L of prohexadione calcium are sprayed to leaf surfaces, and 10-20 mg/L of forchlorfenuron, 0.01-0.1 mg/L of brassinolide, 600-800 times of solution of amino acid and 800-1000 times of solution of potassium fulvate are sprayed to leaf surfaces 7 days after flower withering and when the diameter of small fruits is 0.5 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
after the series of technical measures are implemented, new roots can quickly grow out of the injured root systems of the adult lodging macadimia nuts, wounds can quickly heal, dormant buds can germinate again to generate branches, tree bodies can quickly recover, a small amount of flowers and fruits can be bloomed in the second year after typhoon disaster, high-yield tree shapes are basically formed in the third year after the typhoon disaster, production is recovered, the average plant yield is over 10kg, and therefore the quick recovery production of the adult lodging macadimia nuts after the typhoon disaster is effectively achieved, loss is reduced, and active guidance is played on the recovery production of fruit trees after the typhoon disaster.
Detailed Description
In order to make the content of the present invention easier to understand, the technical solution of the present invention is further detailed below by specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
A method for promoting quick recovery production of adult trees of lodging macadimia nuts after typhoon disaster comprises the following steps of:
(1) dredging the ditch, and draining accumulated water: after typhoon, timely cleaning the residual branches, leaves and sludge in the orchard ditch, and removing accumulated water in the orchard;
(2) pruning, saw cut coating: when the soil is moist and soft after the typhoon disaster, sawing off the main branches of the tree crown by using a chain saw in time, sawing off the main branches facing the wind in a mode of 30-degree inclined saw cuts facing the wind, sawing off the main branches facing the back wind in a mode of 60-degree inclined saw cuts facing the back wind, reserving stumps with the length of 30cm, smearing the saw cuts with a wound healing agent to promote the fast healing of the saw cuts and the germination of dormant buds, and enabling the dormant buds below the saw cuts to germinate and sprout new shoots again; the wound healing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.05% of benzyladenine, 0.1% of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.25% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 4% of carbendazim, 4% of sulfur powder, 9.6% of vaseline, 27% of water and 55% of clay; n of the high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer is as follows: p: k is 10: 2-4: 5-8;
(3) supporting trees and promoting rooting: digging soil facing leeward to a tree cave according to the width and depth of a tree root, after damaging the root and breaking the root, trimming the root by using a pruning shear, slowly lifting and righting the lodging tree against the lodging direction to enable the included angle between a trunk and the ground to be 70-90 degrees, enabling the root system to be fully contacted with the soil, supporting the righting lodging tree by using branches, ridging and compacting, filling a tree disk with a root breaking treatment agent to promote new root growth, and covering the sawed branches on a tree body and the tree disk to a dormant bud below a saw cut to sprout the branches; the root-breaking treating agent is prepared from 100ppm of sodium naphthylacetate, 1000-time liquid of 50 wt.% carbendazim wettable powder and 5000-time liquid of 2.5% bifenthrin missible oil according to the volume ratio of 2: 1: 1, mixing and preparing;
(4) pruning and shaping tree forms: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out labor-saving pruning in the same year and three years before a typhoon disaster, specifically, allowing growth to be released, pinching to promote branching when a newly-extracted branch grows to be 2-3 knots, turning an apical bud of an upright branch which is not branched or has few branches to the outside of a crown by 180 degrees from the second year, enabling the apical bud to be perpendicular to the ground and fixed to inflorescence extraction by a rope, promoting horseback growth on the back of the branch, culturing inner cavity bearing branches as much as possible, and thus, flowering and fruiting in the second year after the disaster can be carried out a little; trimming after picking fruits in the third year after the disaster, selecting and reserving 1-2 evenly distributed large side branches obliquely growing towards the crown outside on each main branch at intervals of 15cm to culture backbone branch groups, and reserving small side branches to culture high-yield crown frameworks, so that a high-yield tree form is basically formed in the third year after the disaster;
(5) managing and recovering production: in the current year of typhoon disasters, after dormant buds below saw cuts germinate and sprout branches, 0.2 wt.% of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer water and fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces every 10 to 15 days for 1 time to promote the restoration of trees; the method comprises the following steps of (1) insisting one-tip two-fertilizer in the first three years after typhoon disaster, applying a tip promoting fertilizer when 3-5% of the tips germinate and applying a tip strengthening fertilizer when 60-80% of new leaves turn green, applying 100g of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer on single-plant soil in the first year after the typhoon disaster, applying 10kg of thoroughly decomposed sheep manure, 1kg of peanut bran and 200g of quick lime on soil in autumn and winter, and increasing the fertilizing amount by 1 time every year to promote the robust growth of the tips; the aphids and the thrips are mainly controlled in the young shoot stage, the fruit borers and the stinkbugs are mainly controlled in the young fruit stage, the aphids are controlled by spraying 3000 times of 50 wt.% of pirimicarb wettable powder or 1000 times of 25 wt.% of aphid-mite clear emulsifiable concentrate, and the fruit borers, the stinkbugs and the thrips are controlled by spraying 1000 times of 10 wt.% of high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate or 600 times of 90 wt.% of trichlorfon soluble powder; and (3) starting to implement flower and fruit protection measures in the third year after the disaster, applying 100g of borax, 300g of magnesium sulfate and 100g of zinc sulfate to a single plant of soil when the inflorescence extends to 3-5 cm, spraying 1000 times of solution of potassium fulvate and 105mg/L of prohexadione calcium on leaf surfaces, spraying 10mg/L of forchlorfenuron, 0.02mg/L of brassinolide, 800 times of solution of amino acid and 1000 times of solution of potassium fulvate on leaf surfaces 7 days after the flower withering and when the diameter of small fruits is about 0.5cm, promoting fruit setting, and increasing yield, so that production is basically recovered in the third year after the disaster.
After the technical measures are adopted, the adult macadimia nut can bloom and bear fruits in a small amount in the second year after typhoon disaster, and basically forms a high-yield tree form in the third year after the typhoon disaster and recovers production, so that the average plant yield is 12.1 kg.
Example 2
A method for promoting quick recovery production of adult trees of lodging macadimia nuts after typhoon disaster comprises the following steps of:
(1) dredging the ditch, and draining accumulated water: after typhoon, timely cleaning the residual branches, leaves and sludge in the orchard ditch, and removing accumulated water in the orchard;
(2) pruning, saw cut coating: when the soil is moist and soft after the typhoon disaster, sawing off the main branches of the tree crown by using a chain saw in time, sawing off the main branches facing the wind in a mode of an inclined saw cut with the wind direction of 30 degrees, sawing off the main branches facing the back wind in a mode of an inclined saw cut with the back wind direction of 60 degrees, reserving a stub with the length of 40cm, smearing a saw cut with a wound healing agent to promote the fast healing of the saw cut and the germination of dormant buds, and enabling the dormant buds below the saw cut to germinate and sprout new shoots again; the wound healing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.05% of benzyladenine, 0.15% of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.30% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 5% of carbendazim, 5% of sulfur powder, 10.5% of vaseline, 29% of water and 50% of clay; n of the high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer is as follows: p: k is 10: 2-4: 5 to 8.
(3) Supporting trees and promoting rooting: digging soil facing leeward to a tree cave according to the width and depth of a tree root, after damaging the root and breaking the root, trimming the root by using a pruning shear, slowly lifting and righting the lodging tree against the lodging direction to enable the included angle between a trunk and the ground to be 70-90 degrees, enabling the root system to be fully contacted with the soil, supporting the righting lodging tree by using branches, ridging and compacting, filling a tree disk with a root breaking treatment agent to promote new root growth, and covering the sawed branches on a tree body and the tree disk to a dormant bud below a saw cut to sprout the branches; the root-breaking treating agent is prepared from 120ppm of sodium naphthylacetate, 900 times of 50 wt.% carbendazim wettable powder and 4800 times of 2.5% bifenthrin missible oil according to the volume ratio of 2: 1: 1, mixing and preparing;
(4) pruning and shaping tree forms: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out labor-saving pruning in the same year and three years before a typhoon disaster, specifically, allowing growth to be released, pinching to promote branching when a newly-extracted branch grows to be 2-3 knots, turning an apical bud of an upright branch which is not branched or has few branches to the outside of a crown by 180 degrees from the second year, enabling the apical bud to be perpendicular to the ground and fixed to inflorescence extraction by a rope, promoting horseback growth on the back of the branch, culturing inner cavity bearing branches as much as possible, and thus, flowering and fruiting in the second year after the disaster can be carried out a little; trimming after picking fruits in the third year after the disaster, selecting and reserving 1-2 evenly distributed large side branches obliquely growing towards the crown outside on each main branch at intervals of 20cm to culture backbone branch groups, and reserving small side branches to culture high-yield crown frameworks, so that a high-yield tree form is basically formed in the third year after the disaster;
(5) managing and recovering production: in the current year of typhoon disasters, after dormant buds below saw cuts germinate and sprout branches, 0.2 wt.% of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer water and fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces every 10 to 15 days for 1 time to promote the restoration of trees; the method comprises the following steps of maintaining one-shoot two fertilizers in the first three years after typhoon disaster, applying a tip promoting fertilizer when 3-5% of branches sprout and applying a tip strengthening fertilizer when 60-80% of new leaves turn green, applying 150g of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer on single-plant soil in the first year after the typhoon disaster, applying 15kg of thoroughly decomposed sheep manure, 1.5kg of peanut bran and 300g of quick lime on soil in autumn and winter, and increasing the fertilizing amount by 0.8 time every year later to promote the robust growth of the branches; the aphids are mainly controlled in the young shoot stage and the fruit borers and the stinkbugs are mainly controlled in the young fruit stage, 50 wt.% of wettable powder of pirimicarb is sprayed with 3500 times of liquid or 25 wt.% of emulsifiable concentrate of pirimid and 1200 times of liquid for controlling the aphids, 10 wt.% of emulsifiable concentrate of beta-cypermethrin is sprayed with 1200 times of liquid or 90 wt.% of soluble powder of trichlorfon and 650 times of liquid for controlling the fruit borers, the stinkbugs and the thrips; when inflorescences extend to 3-5 cm, 150g of borax, 400g of magnesium sulfate and 150g of zinc sulfate are applied to single-plant soil, 900 times of solution of potassium fulvate and 95mg/L of prohexadione calcium are sprayed on leaf surfaces, and flower and fruit retention foliar fertilizers of forchlorfenuron 15mg/L, brassinolide 0.03mg/L, amino acid 700 times of solution and potassium fulvate 900 times of solution are sprayed on leaf surfaces 7 days after flower withering and when the diameter of small fruits is about 0.5cm, so that fruit setting is promoted, the yield is improved, and production is basically recovered in the third year after disasters.
After the technical measures are adopted, the adult macadimia nut can bloom and bear fruits in a small amount in the second year after typhoon disaster, and basically forms a high-yield tree form in the third year after the typhoon disaster and recovers production, so that the average plant yield is 10.8 kg.
Example 3
A method for promoting quick recovery production of adult trees of lodging macadimia nuts after typhoon disaster comprises the following steps of:
(1) dredging the ditch, and draining accumulated water: after typhoon, timely cleaning the residual branches, leaves and sludge in the orchard ditch, and removing accumulated water in the orchard;
(2) pruning, saw cut coating: when the soil is moist and soft after the typhoon disaster, sawing off the main branches of the tree crown by using a chain saw in time, sawing off the main branches facing the wind in a mode of an inclined saw cut with the wind direction of 30 degrees, sawing off the main branches facing the back wind in a mode of an inclined saw cut with the back wind direction of 60 degrees, reserving a stub with the length of 50cm, smearing the saw cut with a wound healing agent to promote the fast healing of the saw cut and the germination of dormant buds, and enabling the dormant buds below the saw cut to germinate and sprout new shoots again; the wound healing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.1% of benzyladenine, 0.3% of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.4% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 6% of carbendazim, 6% of sulfur powder, 11.2% of vaseline, 31% of water and 45% of clay; n of the high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer is as follows: p: k is 10: 2-4: 5-8;
(3) supporting trees and promoting rooting: digging soil facing leeward to a tree cave according to the width and depth of a tree root, after damaging the root and breaking the root, trimming the root by using a pruning shear, slowly lifting and righting the lodging tree against the lodging direction to enable the included angle between a trunk and the ground to be 70-90 degrees, enabling the root system to be fully contacted with the soil, supporting the righting lodging tree by using branches, ridging and compacting, filling a tree disk with a root breaking treatment agent to promote new root growth, and covering the sawed branches on a tree body and the tree disk to a dormant bud below a saw cut to sprout the branches; the root-breaking treating agent is prepared from 150ppm of sodium naphthylacetate, 800 times of 50 wt.% carbendazim wettable powder and 4500 times of 2.5% bifenthrin missible oil by volume ratio of 2: 1: 1, mixing and preparing;
(4) pruning and shaping tree forms: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out labor-saving pruning in the same year and three years before a typhoon disaster, specifically, allowing growth to be released, pinching to promote branching when a newly-extracted branch grows to be 2-3 knots, turning an apical bud of an upright branch which is not branched or has few branches to the outside of a crown by 180 degrees from the second year, enabling the apical bud to be perpendicular to the ground and fixed to inflorescence extraction by a rope, promoting horseback growth on the back of the branch, culturing inner cavity bearing branches as much as possible, and thus, flowering and fruiting in the second year after the disaster can be carried out a little; trimming after picking fruits in the third year after the disaster, selecting and reserving 1-2 evenly distributed large side branches obliquely growing towards the crown outside on each main branch at intervals of 25cm to culture backbone branch groups, and reserving small side branches to culture high-yield crown frameworks, so that a high-yield tree form is basically formed in the third year after the disaster;
(5) managing and recovering production: in the current year of typhoon disasters, after dormant buds below saw cuts germinate and sprout branches, 0.2 wt.% of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer water and fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces every 10 to 15 days for 1 time to promote the restoration of trees; the method comprises the following steps of (1) insisting one-tip two-fertilizer in the first three years after typhoon disaster, applying a tip promoting fertilizer when 3-5% of the tips sprout and applying a tip strengthening fertilizer when 60-80% of new leaves turn green, applying 200g of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer on single plant soil in the first year after the disaster, applying 20kg of decomposed sheep manure, 2kg of peanut bran and 400g of quick lime on soil in autumn and winter, and increasing the fertilizing amount by 0.5 time every year later to promote the robust growth of the tips; the aphids and the thrips are mainly controlled in the young shoot stage, the fruit borers and the stinkbugs are mainly controlled in the young fruit stage, the aphids are controlled by spraying 50 wt.% of 4000-fold liquid of pirimicarb wettable powder or 25 wt.% of 1400-fold liquid of aphid-mite clear emulsifiable concentrate, and the fruit borers, the stinkbugs and the thrips are controlled by spraying 10 wt.% of 1400-fold liquid of high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate or 90 wt.% of 700-fold liquid of trichlorfon soluble powder; when inflorescences extend to 3-5 cm, 150g of borax, 400g of magnesium sulfate and 150g of zinc sulfate are applied to single-plant soil, 800 times of solution of potassium fulvate and 85mg/L of prohexadione calcium are sprayed on leaf surfaces, 20mg/L of forchlorfenuron, 0.04mg/L of brassinolide, 600 times of solution of amino acid and 800 times of solution of potassium fulvate are sprayed on leaf surfaces when 7 days after flower withering and the diameter of small fruits is about 0.5cm, flower and fruit protecting leaf fertilizers are sprayed on leaf surfaces, fruit setting is promoted, yield is improved, and production is basically recovered in the third year after disasters.
After the technical measures are adopted, the adult macadimia nut can bloom and bear fruits in a small amount in the second year after typhoon disaster, and basically forms a high-yield tree form in the third year after the typhoon disaster and recovers production, so that the average plant yield is 11.3 kg.
Example 4
A method for promoting quick recovery production of adult trees of lodging macadamia nuts after typhoon disaster comprises the following steps of:
(1) dredging the ditch, and draining accumulated water: after typhoon, timely cleaning the residual branches, leaves and sludge in the orchard ditch, and removing accumulated water in the orchard;
(2) pruning, saw cut coating: when the soil is moist and soft after the typhoon disaster, the crown is timely sawed off by using a chain saw, the crown is sawed off in a mode of obliquely sawing a notch at an angle of 30 degrees to the wind direction, the trunk is reserved, and the notch is coated with a wound healing agent to promote the rapid healing of the notch and the germination of dormant buds, so that the dormant buds below the notch germinate again to sprout and sprout new shoots; the wound healing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.1% of benzyladenine, 0.3% of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.5% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 8% of carbendazim, 8% of sulfur powder, 11.1% of vaseline, 27% of water and 45% of clay; n of the high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer is as follows: p: k is 10: 2-4: 5-8;
(3) supporting trees and promoting rooting: digging soil facing leeward to a tree cave according to the width and depth of a tree root, after damaging the root and breaking the root, trimming the root by using a pruning shear, slowly lifting and righting the lodging tree against the lodging direction to enable the included angle between a trunk and the ground to be 70-90 degrees, enabling the root system to be fully contacted with the soil, supporting the righting lodging tree by using branches, ridging and compacting, filling a tree disk with a root breaking treatment agent to promote new root growth, and covering the sawed branches on a tree body and the tree disk to a dormant bud below a saw cut to sprout the branches; the root-breaking treating agent is prepared from 200ppm of sodium naphthylacetate, 700 times of 50 wt.% carbendazim wettable powder and 4000 times of 2.5% bifenthrin missible oil according to the volume ratio of 2: 1: 1, mixing and preparing;
(4) pruning and shaping tree forms: the method comprises the following steps of carrying out labor-saving pruning in the same year and three years before a typhoon disaster, specifically, allowing growth to be released, pinching to promote branching when a newly-extracted branch grows to be 2-3 knots, turning an apical bud of an upright branch which is not branched or has few branches to the outside of a crown by 180 degrees from the second year, enabling the apical bud to be perpendicular to the ground and fixed to inflorescence extraction by a rope, promoting horseback growth on the back of the branch, culturing inner cavity bearing branches as much as possible, and thus, flowering and fruiting in the second year after the disaster can be carried out a little; trimming after picking fruits in the third year after the disaster, selecting and reserving 2-3 robust branches with uniform distribution to culture main branches, selecting and reserving 1-2 large side branches with uniform distribution to culture backbone branch groups obliquely growing towards the crown of the tree at intervals of 30cm on each main branch, and reserving small side branches to culture a high-yield crown framework, so that a high-yield tree form is basically formed in the third year after the disaster;
(5) managing and recovering production: in the current year of typhoon disasters, after dormant buds below saw cuts germinate and sprout branches, 0.2 wt.% of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer water and fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces every 10 to 15 days for 1 time to promote the restoration of trees; the method comprises the following steps of (1) insisting one-tip two-fertilizer in the first three years after typhoon disaster, applying a tip promoting fertilizer when 3-5% of the tips sprout and applying a tip strengthening fertilizer when 60-80% of new leaves turn green, applying 200g of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer on single plant soil in the first year after the disaster, applying 20kg of decomposed sheep manure, 2kg of peanut bran and 500g of quick lime on soil in autumn and winter, and increasing the fertilizing amount by 0.5 time every year later to promote the robust growth of the tips; the aphids and the thrips are mainly controlled in the young shoot stage, the fruit borers and the stinkbugs are mainly controlled in the young fruit stage, 50 wt.% of pirimicarb wettable powder 4500 times liquid or 25 wt.% of aphid-mite clear emulsifiable 1600 times liquid is adopted for spraying and controlling the aphids, 10 wt.% of high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable 1600 times liquid or 90 wt.% of dipterex soluble powder 750 times liquid is adopted for spraying and controlling the fruit borers, the stinkbugs and the thrips; when inflorescences extend to 3-5 cm, 200g of borax, 500g of magnesium sulfate and 200g of zinc sulfate are applied to single-plant soil, 800 mg/L of potassium fulvate and 75mg/L of prohexadione calcium are sprayed on leaf surfaces, 20mg/L of forchlorfenuron, 0.05mg/L of brassinolide, 600 mg/L of amino acid and 800 g of potassium fulvate are sprayed on leaf surfaces 7 days after flower withering and when the diameter of small fruits is 0.5cm, fruit setting is promoted, yield is improved, and production is basically recovered in the third year after disasters.
After the technical measures are adopted, the adult macadimia nut can bloom and bear fruits in a small amount in the second year after typhoon disaster, and basically forms a high-yield tree form in the third year after the typhoon disaster and recovers production, so that the average plant yield is 11.6 kg.
In conclusion, by adopting the method, the lodging Australian nut adult tree basically forms a high-yield tree shape in the third year after typhoon disaster and recovers production, so that loss is reduced, and the method plays an active guiding role in recovering production of the fruit tree after typhoon disaster.
Claims (1)
1. A method for promoting the rapid recovery of adult trees of lodging macadimia nuts after typhoon disasters is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) dredging the ditch, and draining accumulated water: after typhoon, timely cleaning the residual branches, leaves and sludge in the orchard ditch, and removing accumulated water in the orchard;
(2) pruning, saw cut coating: when the soil is still moist and soft after the typhoon disaster, pruning by using a chain saw in time; for adult trees below 20a, sawing off main branches of crown, sawing off the main branches facing the wind in a mode of 30-degree inclined saw cut in the windward direction, sawing off the main branches facing the leeward direction in a mode of 60-degree inclined saw cut in the leeward direction, and reserving stub piles with the length of 30-50 cm; sawing off the crown of an adult tree above 20a, sawing off the crown in a mode of facing a wind direction and obliquely sawing off a cut at an angle of 30 degrees, and reserving a trunk; smearing the saw cut with wound healing agent;
(3) supporting trees and promoting rooting: digging soil facing leeward to a tree cave according to the width and depth of a tree root, after damaging the root and breaking the root, trimming the root by using a pruning shear, slowly lifting and righting the lodging tree against the lodging direction to enable the included angle between a trunk and the ground to be 70-90 degrees, enabling the root system to be fully contacted with the soil, supporting the righting lodging tree by using branches, ridging and compacting, irrigating the root by using a root breaking treatment agent, and covering the sawn branches on a tree body and a tree disk until dormant buds below a saw cut germinate and draw branches;
(4) pruning and shaping tree forms: carrying out labor-saving pruning in the current year and three years before the typhoon disaster, specifically, allowing growth to be free, pinching to promote branching when a newly-extracted branch grows to 2-3 knots, turning the apical bud of an upright branch which is not branched or has few branches to the outside of a tree crown by 180 degrees from the second year, enabling the apical bud to be vertical to the ground and fixed to inflorescence extraction by a rope, promoting the horseback to grow on the back of the branch, and culturing inner-cavity bearing branches as much as possible; trimming after picking fruits in the third year after the disaster, selecting 1-2 uniformly distributed main branch groups which are inclined to grow towards the outside of the crown on each main branch for adult trees below 20a at intervals of 15-25 cm, selecting 2-3 uniformly distributed robust branch groups for adult trees above 20a, selecting 1-2 uniformly distributed main branch groups which are inclined to grow towards the outside of the crown on each main branch at intervals of 30cm, and reserving small lateral branches to culture a high-yield crown framework;
(5) managing and recovering production: in the current year of typhoon disasters, after dormant buds below saw cuts germinate and sprout branches, 0.2 wt.% high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer water and fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces every 10 to 15 days for 1 time to promote the restoration of trees; the method comprises the following steps of (1) insisting one-tip two-fertilizer in the first three years after typhoon disaster, applying a tip promoting fertilizer when 3-5% of the tips germinate and applying a tip strengthening fertilizer when 60-80% of new leaves turn green, applying 100-200 g of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer to single-plant soil in the first year after the typhoon disaster, applying 10-20 kg of thoroughly decomposed sheep manure, 1-2 kg of peanut bran and 200-500 g of quick lime to soil in autumn and winter, and increasing the fertilizing amount by 0.5-1 time every year later so as to promote the robust growth of the tips; the aphids and the thrips are mainly controlled in the young shoot stage, the fruit borers and the stinkbugs are mainly controlled in the young fruit stage, the aphids are controlled by spraying 3000-5000 times of 50 wt.% of pirimicarb wettable powder or 1000-2000 times of 25 wt.% of aphid-mite clear emulsifiable concentrate, and the fruit borers, the stinkbugs and the thrips are controlled by spraying 1000-2000 times of 10 wt.% of high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate or 600-800 times of 90 wt.% trichlorfon soluble powder; flower and fruit protection measures are implemented in the third year after the disaster, fruit setting is promoted, and the yield is increased;
the wound healing agent in the step (2) is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.01-0.1% of benzyladenine, 0.1-0.3% of high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.2-0.5% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 4-8% of carbendazim, 4-8% of sulfur powder, 8-12% of vaseline, 25-35% of water and 45-55% of clay; n of the high-nitrogen low-phosphorus medium-potassium compound fertilizer: p: k is 10: 2-4: 5-8;
the root-breaking treating agent in the step (3) is prepared from 100-200 ppm of sodium naphthylacetate, 700-1000 times of 50 wt.% carbendazim wettable powder, 4000-5000 times of 2.5% bifenthrin missible oil solution according to the volume ratio of 2: 1: 1, mixing and preparing;
the flower and fruit retention measures in the step (5) are as follows: when inflorescences extend to 3-5 cm, 100-200 g of borax, 300-500 g of magnesium sulfate and 100-200 g of zinc sulfate are applied to single plant soil, 800-1000 times of solution of potassium fulvate and 75-125 mg/L of prohexadione calcium are sprayed to leaf surfaces, and 10-20 mg/L of forchlorfenuron, 0.01-0.1 mg/L of brassinolide, 600-800 times of solution of amino acid and 800-1000 times of solution of potassium fulvate are sprayed to leaf surfaces 7 days after flower withering and when the diameter of small fruits is 0.5 cm.
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