CN102812880A - Density-reducing transplanting method of closed orchards - Google Patents
Density-reducing transplanting method of closed orchards Download PDFInfo
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- CN102812880A CN102812880A CN2012103139619A CN201210313961A CN102812880A CN 102812880 A CN102812880 A CN 102812880A CN 2012103139619 A CN2012103139619 A CN 2012103139619A CN 201210313961 A CN201210313961 A CN 201210313961A CN 102812880 A CN102812880 A CN 102812880A
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Abstract
A density-reducing transplanting method of closed orchards includes the steps of digging a circular furrow at 50-70cm around a trunk of each tree to be transplanted in September to October in the year before transplanting, cutting off lateral roots, and filling with organic fertilizer; transplanting in October to November, insufficiently watering one week before transplanting, re-shearing the trees, selectively reserving scaffold branches and branch groups only, and marking the trunks due south; allowing the trees to carry inlaid soil blocks during transplanting; placing the soil blocks of the fruit trees into transplant holes, maintaining transplant direction consistent to the original direction according to marks made on the trunks, planting the fruit trees, putting at least 50kg of organic fertilizer in each transplant hole, irrigating when back-filled soil is 20cm away from the land surface, re-irrigating when each transplant hole is flatly filled, and making a soil pile 20-30cm high at the base of each trunk after sufficient water seepage so as to keep moisture and prevent cold; coating cuts of the trees with paint, coating the trunks and the scaffold branches with white agent, using 1% urea to spray tails of the branches before sprouting, spraying 0.3-0.5% urea once every two weeks after leaves spread, continuously spraying for 4-5 times, and thinning out all buds; and shaping the transplanted fruit trees in spindle shapes, and expanding crowns of the reserved fruit trees. Therefore, start-producing time of orchards is shortened, and production cycle of the orchards is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transplanting and fall close kind of method for planting, close kind of method for planting falls in especially a kind of transplanting that is used for the closing orchard.
Background technology
Fruit tree is a kind of important economic forest; Satisfied people's living needs; Orchard closing phenomenon particularly apple orchard closing phenomenon at Chinese ubiquity; The orchard ventilation and penetrating light that it causes is bad, operational administrative is inconvenient, serious, fruit quality takes place damage by disease and insect and the problem of deficiency in economic performance is very outstanding, has restricted the sustainable development of apple industry, and therefore the remodeling method to the closing orchard is an important kind method for planting.At the existing remodeling method that is used for the closing orchard, dried, the first-class shape mode that changes that falls of lifting of generally taking has certain effect in early days; But along with the expansion of tree body; Follow-up closing phenomenon is following again, can not be at all, deal with problems up hill and dale, seriously influence the output and the fruit quality in orchard.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned technical disadvantages, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of transplanting that is used for the closing orchard and fall close kind of method for planting, therefore shortened the time that the orchard reaches product, prolonged the production cycle in orchard.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: the steps include: transplanting 9-10 month the previous year, annular ditch is dug at 50 ~ 70cm place around waiting to move the tree trunk, cuts off lateral root, inserts fertilizer again; Transplant in 10 ~ November, transplant and water the last week permeablely, the tree body weight is cut, only select and remain skeleton branch and branch group, and make marks at the trunk Due South; Band is embedded in the Tu Tuo of fruit tree during transplanting; Be put into the Tu Tuo of fruit tree in the planting hole; Guarantee to plant the orientation with original consistent according to the mark on the trunk; Carry out the fruit tree field planting, put into the fertilizer that is no less than 50kg in the planting hole, backfill soil is poured water during 20cm apart from ground; When filling and leading up planting hole, pour water again, treat that water infiltration back is in the winter protection that preserves soil moisture of the soil of butt heap 20 ~ 30cm; Paint is smeared to tree body clip in the transplanting back, and trunk and scaffold limb are brushed white-out agent, and the urea with 1% before the rudiment sprays limb, and per two weeks are sprayed 1 time 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea behind the exhibition leaf, spray continuously 4 ~ 5 times, will dredge all buds simultaneously;
Again the fruit tree of transplanting is pressed the spindle shaping, the fruit tree of keeping somewhere is expanded the hat shaping.
Fall close kind of method for planting owing to designed to transplant, to have kept the tree crown of the fruit tree of original maturation, not re-use grafting method and cultivate tree crown again, need the 3-4 orchard just can reach product, so to have shortened the time that the orchard reaches product, to have prolonged the production cycle in orchard.
The present invention has designed, and white-out agent is set to include by weight 100 parts in 0.5 ~ 1 part in lime, lime sulfur 1.8-2.2 part, lard 0.4-0.6 part, salt 0..4-0.6 part, water.
The present invention has designed, and the steps include: (1) tree crown handing-over rate according to former orchard, confirms to move between interlacing at a distance from moving between strain still; Transplant 9-10 month the previous year, the annular ditch that the degree of depth is 60 ~ 80cm is dug at 50 ~ 70cm place around waiting to move the tree trunk, cuts off lateral root, inserts the mellow soil that is mixed with fertilizer, promotes wound healing, sprouts new root.
(2) transplant in 10 ~ November, transplant and water the last week permeablely, the tree body weight is cut, only select and remain skeleton branch and branch group are wiped out without exception other all kinds of auxilliary branches of supporting, and are made marks at the trunk Due South; Band diameter 60 ~ 80cm Tu Tuo wraps up with plastic film during transplanting.
(3) volume of planting hole is set to 0.9-1.1m
3, the immature soil that digs out and mellow soil branch are put, and mellow soil and every cave are no less than backfill behind the high-quality farmyard manure mixing of 50kg, and backfill soil is poured water during 20cm apart from ground, and the cave is dug according to the root system size in water infiltration back; Guarantee to plant the orientation with original consistent according to the mark on the trunk, wait to set set upright after, mellow soil and fertilizer are inserted in the cave, make the primitive root neck equal with ground; Pour water immediately after the field planting, treat that water infiltration back is in the winter protection that preserves soil moisture of the soil of butt heap 20 ~ 30cm.
(4) transplant the back tree body clip is smeared paint; To trunk and scaffold limb ratio preparation white-out agent by weight 100 parts in 0.5 ~ 1 part in lime, lime sulfur 1.8-2.2 part, lard 0.4-0.6 part, salt 0..4-0.6 part, water; Whitewash with brush, with nurse tree body safe overwintering; Urea with 1% before the rudiment sprays limb, and per two weeks are sprayed 1 time 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea behind the exhibition leaf, spray continuously 4 ~ 5 times, will dredge all buds simultaneously, and the combination of growth season is watered and applied quick-acting fertilizer, and base manure is early executed, prevention and elimination of disease and pests early, and annual spray medicine is no less than 7 times.
(5) transplant new garden by spindle shaped training, many sections, few dredging inspired young sprout when the winter cut then, added the quick-recovery growth, and bud is all cut; Summer cuts off all competition tips, and the major branch angle is during less than 80 °, with prop up, draw, method spreading angle such as bob; Young sprout prosperous by force to growing, that the orientation is good is taken branch to horizontal in late August, and is carried out light panching.Prune according to the tree-like standard of spindle high yield year by year later on.
(6) former arboretum stays branch to enlarge tree crown as much as possible in 1 ~ 3 year, and the winter cuts and takes long putting and suitably light cutting back, does not dredge branch as far as possible; Cut suitably that the tip is hindered, turned round to order, pinching waits increases the branch amount summer; In order to relax tree vigo(u)r and promote to expand hat, each fertilizing amount increases by 10% before transplanting, and watering the water yield also suitably increases, so that vegetative period orchard coverage rate is reached about 90% as early as possible.
The present invention is with closing orchard big tree transplanting, makes line-spacing or doubling range interval open light path, and the newly-built again garden of the big tree that shifts out has at all, administers the closing orchard thoroughly, efficiently, just can reach the orchard volume production at 3-5.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described, following examples are intended to explain the present invention rather than to further qualification of the present invention.
The closing orchard of transforming is: every mu of above closing garden of 50 strains of planting of Qiaoization that 10-15 gives birth to, every mu of closing garden that 80 strains are above and interstock all buries of planting of perhaps short anvil.
First embodiment of the present invention the steps include:
(1), confirms to move between interlacing at a distance from moving between strain still according to the tree crown handing-over rate in former orchard; Transplant September the previous year, the annular ditch that the degree of depth is 60cm is dug at the 50cm place around waiting to move the tree trunk, cuts off lateral root, inserts the mellow soil that is mixed with fertilizer, promotes wound healing, sprouts new root.
(2) transplant in October, transplant and water the last week permeablely, the tree body weight is cut, only select and remain skeleton branch and branch group are wiped out without exception other all kinds of auxilliary branches of supporting, and are made marks at the trunk Due South; Band diameter 60cm Tu Tuo wraps up with plastic film during transplanting.
(3) volume of planting hole is set to 0.9m
3, the immature soil that digs out and mellow soil branch are put, and mellow soil and every cave are no less than backfill behind the high-quality farmyard manure mixing of 50kg, and backfill soil is poured water during 20cm apart from ground, and the cave is dug according to the root system size in water infiltration back; Guarantee to plant the orientation with original consistent according to the mark on the trunk, wait to set set upright after, mellow soil and high-quality farmyard manure are inserted in the cave, make the primitive root neck equal with ground; Pour water immediately after the field planting, treat that water infiltration back is in the winter protection that preserves soil moisture of the soil of butt heap 20cm.
(4) transplant the back tree body clip is smeared paint, trunk and scaffold limb are prepared white-out agent by weight the ratio of 0.5 part in lime, 1.8 parts of lime sulfurs, 0.4 part of lard, 0. 4 parts of salt, 100 parts in water, whitewash with brush, with nurse tree body safe overwintering; Urea with 1% before the rudiment sprays limb, and per two weeks are sprayed 1 time 0.3% urea behind the exhibition leaf, spray continuously 4 times, will dredge all buds simultaneously, and the combination of growth season is watered and applied quick-acting fertilizer, and base manure is early executed, prevention and elimination of disease and pests early, and annual spray medicine is no less than 7 times.
(5) transplant new garden by spindle shaped training, many sections, few dredging inspired young sprout when the winter cut then, added the quick-recovery growth, and bud is all cut; Summer cuts off all competition tips, and the major branch angle is during less than 80 °, with prop up, draw, method spreading angle such as bob; Young sprout prosperous by force to growing, that the orientation is good is taken branch to horizontal in late August, and is carried out light panching.Prune according to the tree-like standard of spindle high yield year by year later on.
(6) former arboretum stays branch to enlarge tree crown as much as possible in 1 year, and the winter cuts and takes long putting and suitably light cutting back, does not dredge branch as far as possible; Cut suitably that the tip is hindered, turned round to order, pinching waits increases the branch amount summer; In order to relax tree vigo(u)r and promote to expand hat, each fertilizing amount increases by 10% before transplanting, and watering the water yield also suitably increases, so that vegetative period orchard coverage rate is reached about 90% as early as possible.
In the present embodiment; According to the tree crown handing-over rate in former orchard, confirm to be meant at a distance from moving between strain still to move between interlacing: when the strain tree crown handing-over rate in orchard more than or equal to 60% the time; According to transplanting at a distance from the mode of moving between strain; When the capable tree crown handing-over rate in orchard more than or equal to 60% the time, transplant according to the mode of moving between interlacing.
To apple variety is every mu of short anvil fruit tree of 90 strains of planting of Fuji, and former arboretum is transplanted back 3 ~ 5 annual productions will reach transplanting preceding level, i.e. 3500kg/666.7m
2About.Transplant new garden output and progressively recover, output is expected to reach 3500kg/666.7m after 5 ~ 6 years
2
Second embodiment of the present invention the steps include:
(1), confirms to move between interlacing at a distance from moving between strain still according to the tree crown handing-over rate in former orchard; Transplant October the previous year, the annular ditch that the degree of depth is 80cm is dug at the 70cm place around waiting to move the tree trunk, cuts off lateral root, inserts the mellow soil that is mixed with fertilizer, promotes wound healing, sprouts new root.
(2) transplant in November, transplant and water the last week permeablely, the tree body weight is cut, only select and remain skeleton branch and branch group are wiped out without exception other all kinds of auxilliary branches of supporting, and are made marks at the trunk Due South; Band diameter 80cm Tu Tuo wraps up with plastic film during transplanting.
(3) volume of planting hole is set to 1.1m
3, the immature soil that digs out and mellow soil branch are put, and mellow soil and every cave are no less than backfill behind the high-quality farmyard manure mixing of 50kg, and backfill soil is poured water during 20cm apart from ground, and the cave is dug according to the root system size in water infiltration back; Guarantee to plant the orientation with original consistent according to the mark on the trunk, wait to set set upright after, mellow soil and high-quality farmyard manure are inserted in the cave, make the primitive root neck equal with ground; Pour water immediately after the field planting, treat that water infiltration back is in the winter protection that preserves soil moisture of the soil of butt heap 30cm.
(4) transplant the back tree body clip is smeared paint, trunk and scaffold limb are prepared white-out agent by weight the ratio of 1 part in lime, 2.2 parts of lime sulfurs, 0.6 part of lard, 0.6 part of salt, 100 parts in water, whitewash with brush, with nurse tree body safe overwintering; Urea with 1% before the rudiment sprays limb, and per two weeks are sprayed 1 time 0.5% urea behind the exhibition leaf, spray continuously 5 times, will dredge all buds simultaneously, and the combination of growth season is watered and applied quick-acting fertilizer, and base manure is early executed, prevention and elimination of disease and pests early, and annual spray medicine is no less than 7 times.
(5) transplant new garden by spindle shaped training, many sections, few dredging inspired young sprout when the winter cut then, added the quick-recovery growth, and bud is all cut; Summer cuts off all competition tips, and the major branch angle is during less than 80 °, with prop up, draw, method spreading angle such as bob; Young sprout prosperous by force to growing, that the orientation is good is taken branch to horizontal in late August, and is carried out light panching.Prune according to the tree-like standard of spindle high yield year by year later on.
(6) former arboretum stays branch to enlarge tree crown as much as possible in 3 years, and the winter cuts and takes long putting and suitably light cutting back, does not dredge branch as far as possible; Cut suitably that the tip is hindered, turned round to order, pinching waits increases the branch amount summer; In order to relax tree vigo(u)r and promote to expand hat, each fertilizing amount increases by 10% before transplanting, and watering the water yield also suitably increases, so that vegetative period orchard coverage rate is reached about 90% as early as possible.
To apple variety is every mu of short anvil fruit tree of 100 strains of planting of Fuji, and former arboretum is transplanted back 3 ~ 5 annual productions will reach transplanting preceding level, i.e. 3500kg/666.7m
2About.Transplant new garden output and progressively recover, output is expected to reach 3500kg/666.7m after 5 ~ 6 years
2
The 3rd embodiment of the present invention the steps include:
(1), confirms to move between interlacing at a distance from moving between strain still according to the tree crown handing-over rate in former orchard; Transplant August the previous year, the annular ditch that the degree of depth is 70cm is dug at the 60cm place around waiting to move the tree trunk, cuts off lateral root, inserts the mellow soil that is mixed with fertilizer, promotes wound healing, sprouts new root.
(2) transplant in November, transplant and water the last week permeablely, the tree body weight is cut, only select and remain skeleton branch and branch group are wiped out without exception other all kinds of auxilliary branches of supporting, and are made marks at the trunk Due South; Band diameter 70cm Tu Tuo wraps up with plastic film during transplanting.
(3) volume of planting hole is set to 1.0m
3, the immature soil that digs out and mellow soil branch are put, and mellow soil and every cave are no less than backfill behind the high-quality farmyard manure mixing of 50kg, and backfill soil is poured water during 20cm apart from ground, and the cave is dug according to the root system size in water infiltration back; Guarantee to plant the orientation with original consistent according to the mark on the trunk, wait to set set upright after, mellow soil and high-quality farmyard manure are inserted in the cave, make the primitive root neck equal with ground; Pour water immediately after the field planting, treat that water infiltration back is in the winter protection that preserves soil moisture of the soil of butt heap 25cm.
(4) transplant the back tree body clip is smeared paint, trunk and scaffold limb are prepared white-out agent by weight the ratio of 0.5 ~ 1 part in lime, 2.0 parts of lime sulfurs, 0.5 part of lard, 0.5 part of salt, 100 parts in water, whitewash with brush, with nurse tree body safe overwintering; Urea with 1% before the rudiment sprays limb, and per two weeks are sprayed 1 time 0.4% urea behind the exhibition leaf, spray continuously 5 times, will dredge all buds simultaneously, and the combination of growth season is watered and applied quick-acting fertilizer, and base manure is early executed, prevention and elimination of disease and pests early, and annual spray medicine is no less than 7 times.
(5) transplant new garden by spindle shaped training, many sections, few dredging inspired young sprout when the winter cut then, added the quick-recovery growth, and bud is all cut; Summer cuts off all competition tips, and the major branch angle is during less than 80 °, with prop up, draw, method spreading angle such as bob; Young sprout prosperous by force to growing, that the orientation is good is taken branch to horizontal in late August, and is carried out light panching.Prune according to the tree-like standard of spindle high yield year by year later on.
(6) former arboretum stays branch to enlarge tree crown as much as possible in 2 years, and the winter cuts and takes long putting and suitably light cutting back, does not dredge branch as far as possible; Cut suitably that the tip is hindered, turned round to order, pinching waits increases the branch amount summer; In order to relax tree vigo(u)r and promote to expand hat, each fertilizing amount increases by 10% before transplanting, and watering the water yield also suitably increases, so that vegetative period orchard coverage rate is reached about 90% as early as possible.
To apple variety is every mu of short anvil fruit tree of 150 strains of planting of Fuji, and former arboretum is transplanted back 3 ~ 5 annual productions will reach transplanting preceding level, i.e. 3500kg/666.7m
2About.Transplant new garden output and progressively recover, output is expected to reach 3500kg/666.7m after 5 ~ 6 years
2
The 4th embodiment of the present invention the steps include:
(1), confirms to move between interlacing at a distance from moving between strain still according to the tree crown handing-over rate in former orchard; Transplant September the previous year, the annular ditch that the degree of depth is 65cm is dug at the 65cm place around waiting to move the tree trunk, cuts off lateral root, inserts the mellow soil that is mixed with fertilizer, promotes wound healing, sprouts new root.
(2) transplant in October, transplant and water the last week permeablely, the tree body weight is cut, only select and remain skeleton branch and branch group are wiped out without exception other all kinds of auxilliary branches of supporting, and are made marks at the trunk Due South; Band diameter 75cm Tu Tuo wraps up with plastic film during transplanting.
(3) volume of planting hole is set to 0.95m
3, the immature soil that digs out and mellow soil branch are put, and mellow soil and every cave are no less than backfill behind the high-quality farmyard manure mixing of 50kg, and backfill soil is poured water during 20cm apart from ground, and the cave is dug according to the root system size in water infiltration back; Guarantee to plant the orientation with original consistent according to the mark on the trunk, wait to set set upright after, mellow soil and high-quality farmyard manure are inserted in the cave, make the primitive root neck equal with ground; Pour water immediately after the field planting, treat that water infiltration back is in the winter protection that preserves soil moisture of the soil of butt heap 22cm.
(4) transplant the back tree body clip is smeared paint, trunk and scaffold limb are prepared white-out agent by weight the ratio of 0.8 part in lime, 2.1 parts of lime sulfurs, 0.5 part of lard, 0. 55 parts of salt, 100 parts in water, whitewash with brush, with nurse tree body safe overwintering; Urea with 1% before the rudiment sprays limb, and per two weeks are sprayed 1 time 0.32% urea behind the exhibition leaf, spray continuously 5 times, will dredge all buds simultaneously, and the combination of growth season is watered and applied quick-acting fertilizer, and base manure is early executed, prevention and elimination of disease and pests early, and annual spray medicine is no less than 7 times.
(5) transplant new garden by spindle shaped training, many sections, few dredging inspired young sprout when the winter cut then, added the quick-recovery growth, and bud is all cut; Summer cuts off all competition tips, and the major branch angle is during less than 80 °, with prop up, draw, method spreading angle such as bob; Young sprout prosperous by force to growing, that the orientation is good is taken branch to horizontal in late August, and is carried out light panching.Prune according to the tree-like standard of spindle high yield year by year later on.
(6) former arboretum stays branch to enlarge tree crown as much as possible in 1 ~ 3 year, and the winter cuts and takes long putting and suitably light cutting back, does not dredge branch as far as possible; Cut suitably that the tip is hindered, turned round to order, pinching waits increases the branch amount summer; In order to relax tree vigo(u)r and promote to expand hat, each fertilizing amount increases by 10% before transplanting, and watering the water yield also suitably increases, so that vegetative period orchard coverage rate is reached about 90% as early as possible.
To apple variety is every mu of short anvil fruit tree of 300 strains of planting of Fuji, and former arboretum is transplanted back 3 ~ 5 annual productions will reach transplanting preceding level, i.e. 3500kg/666.7m
2About.Transplant new garden output and progressively recover, output is expected to reach 3500kg/666.7m after 5 ~ 6 years
2
The 5th embodiment of the present invention the steps include:
(1), confirms to move between interlacing at a distance from moving between strain still according to the tree crown handing-over rate in former orchard; Transplant 9-10 month the previous year, the annular ditch that the degree of depth is 60 ~ 80cm is dug at 50 ~ 70cm place around waiting to move the tree trunk, cuts off lateral root, inserts the mellow soil that is mixed with fertilizer, promotes wound healing, sprouts new root.
(2) transplant in 10 ~ November, transplant and water the last week permeablely, the tree body weight is cut, only select and remain skeleton branch and branch group are wiped out without exception other all kinds of auxilliary branches of supporting, and are made marks at the trunk Due South; Band diameter 60 ~ 80cm Tu Tuo wraps up with plastic film during transplanting.
(3) volume of planting hole is set to 0.9-1.1m
3, the immature soil that digs out and mellow soil branch are put, and mellow soil and every cave are no less than backfill behind the high-quality farmyard manure mixing of 50kg, and backfill soil is poured water during 20cm apart from ground, and the cave is dug according to the root system size in water infiltration back; Guarantee to plant the orientation with original consistent according to the mark on the trunk, wait to set set upright after, mellow soil and high-quality farmyard manure are inserted in the cave, make the primitive root neck equal with ground; Pour water immediately after the field planting, treat that water infiltration back is in the winter protection that preserves soil moisture of the soil of butt heap 20 ~ 30cm.
(4) transplant the back tree body clip is smeared paint; To trunk and scaffold limb ratio preparation white-out agent by weight 100 parts in 0.5 ~ 1 part in lime, lime sulfur 1.8-2.2 part, lard 0.4-0.6 part, salt 0..4-0.6 part, water; Whitewash with brush, with nurse tree body safe overwintering; Urea with 1% before the rudiment sprays limb, and per two weeks are sprayed 1 time 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea behind the exhibition leaf, spray continuously 4 ~ 5 times, will dredge all buds simultaneously, and the combination of growth season is watered and applied quick-acting fertilizer, and base manure is early executed, prevention and elimination of disease and pests early, and annual spray medicine is no less than 7 times.
(5) transplant new garden by spindle shaped training, many sections, few dredging inspired young sprout when the winter cut then, added the quick-recovery growth, and bud is all cut; Summer cuts off all competition tips, and the major branch angle is during less than 80 °, with prop up, draw, method spreading angle such as bob; Young sprout prosperous by force to growing, that the orientation is good is taken branch to horizontal in late August, and is carried out light panching.Prune according to the tree-like standard of spindle high yield year by year later on.
(6) former arboretum stays branch to enlarge tree crown as much as possible in 1 ~ 3 year, and the winter cuts and takes long putting and suitably light cutting back, does not dredge branch as far as possible; Cut suitably that the tip is hindered, turned round to order, pinching waits increases the branch amount summer; In order to relax tree vigo(u)r and promote to expand hat, each fertilizing amount increases by 10% before transplanting, and watering the water yield also suitably increases, so that vegetative period orchard coverage rate is reached about 90% as early as possible.
To apple variety is every mu of short anvil fruit tree of 400 strains of planting of Fuji, and former arboretum is transplanted back 3 ~ 5 annual productions will reach transplanting preceding level, i.e. 3500kg/666.7m
2About.Transplant new garden output and progressively recover, output is expected to reach 3500kg/666.7m after 5 ~ 6 years
2
The present invention has following characteristics:
1, owing to designed to transplant and fallen close kind of method for planting, kept the tree crown of the fruit tree of original maturation, do not re-use grafting method and cultivate tree crown again, need the 3-4 orchard just can reach product, so shortened the time that the orchard reaches product, prolonged the production cycle in orchard.
2, fall close kind of method for planting owing to designed transplanting, the fruit tree of transplanting has been carried out once pruning on a large scale, the dwarfing that is more conducive to fruit tree is cultivated.
3, owing to designed transplanting close kind of method for planting falls, the plantation soil space enlargement in former orchard, be more conducive to soil is transformed, improve the growing ability of former fruit tree.
In close plantation method and technology field falls in the transplanting that is used for the closing orchard; The foregoing description is a kind of way of realization that close kind of method for planting falls in the transplanting that is used for the closing orchard provided by the present invention; Other distortion according to scheme provided by the present invention; Increase or reduce composition or step wherein; Perhaps the present invention is used for other the technical field approaching, all belongs to protection scope of the present invention with the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. close kind of method for planting falls in a transplanting that is used for the closing orchard; It is characterized in that: the steps include: transplanting 9-10 month the previous year, annular ditch is dug at 50 ~ 70cm place around waiting to move the tree trunk, cuts off lateral root, inserts fertilizer again; Transplant in 10 ~ November, transplant and water the last week permeablely, the tree body weight is cut, only select and remain skeleton branch and branch group, and make marks at the trunk Due South; Band is embedded in the Tu Tuo of fruit tree during transplanting; Be put into the Tu Tuo of fruit tree in the planting hole; Guarantee to plant the orientation with original consistent according to the mark on the trunk; Carry out the fruit tree field planting, put into the fertilizer that is no less than 50kg in the planting hole, backfill soil is poured water during 20cm apart from ground; When filling and leading up planting hole, pour water again, treat that water infiltration back is in the winter protection that preserves soil moisture of the soil of butt heap 20 ~ 30cm; Paint is smeared to tree body clip in the transplanting back, and trunk and scaffold limb are brushed white-out agent, and the urea with 1% before the rudiment sprays limb, and per two weeks are sprayed 1 time 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea behind the exhibition leaf, spray continuously 4 ~ 5 times, will dredge all buds simultaneously; Again the fruit tree of transplanting is pressed the spindle shaping, the fruit tree of keeping somewhere is expanded the hat shaping.
2. close kind of method for planting falls in the transplanting that is used for the closing orchard according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: white-out agent is set to include by weight 100 parts in 0.5 ~ 1 part in lime, lime sulfur 1.8-2.2 part, lard 0.4-0.6 part, salt 0..4-0.6 part, water.
3. close kind of method for planting falls in the transplanting that is used for the closing orchard according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the steps include: (1) tree crown handing-over rate, confirm to move between interlacing at a distance from moving between strain still according to former orchard; Transplant 9-10 month the previous year, the annular ditch that the degree of depth is 60 ~ 80cm is dug at 50 ~ 70cm place around waiting to move the tree trunk, cuts off lateral root, inserts the mellow soil that is mixed with fertilizer, promotes wound healing, sprouts new root;
(2) transplant in 10 ~ November, transplant and water the last week permeablely, the tree body weight is cut, only select and remain skeleton branch and branch group are wiped out without exception other all kinds of auxilliary branches of supporting, and are made marks at the trunk Due South; Band diameter 60 ~ 80cm Tu Tuo wraps up with plastic film during transplanting;
(3) volume of planting hole is set to 0.9-1.1m
3, the immature soil that digs out and mellow soil branch are put, and mellow soil and every cave are no less than backfill behind the high-quality farmyard manure mixing of 50kg, and backfill soil is poured water during 20cm apart from ground, and the cave is dug according to the root system size in water infiltration back; Guarantee to plant the orientation with original consistent according to the mark on the trunk, wait to set set upright after, mellow soil and fertilizer are inserted in the cave, make the primitive root neck equal with ground; Pour water immediately after the field planting, treat that water infiltration back is in the winter protection that preserves soil moisture of the soil of butt heap 20 ~ 30cm;
(4) transplant the back tree body clip is smeared paint; To trunk and scaffold limb ratio preparation white-out agent by weight 100 parts in 0.5 ~ 1 part in lime, lime sulfur 1.8-2.2 part, lard 0.4-0.6 part, salt 0.4-0.6 part, water; Whitewash with brush, with nurse tree body safe overwintering; Urea with 1% before the rudiment sprays limb, and per two weeks are sprayed 1 time 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea behind the exhibition leaf, spray continuously 4 ~ 5 times, will dredge all buds simultaneously, and the combination of growth season is watered and applied quick-acting fertilizer, and base manure is early executed, prevention and elimination of disease and pests early, and annual spray medicine is no less than 7 times;
(5) transplant new garden by spindle shaped training, many sections, few dredging inspired young sprout when the winter cut then, added the quick-recovery growth, and bud is all cut; Summer cuts off all competition tips, and the major branch angle is during less than 80 °, with prop up, draw, method spreading angle such as bob; Young sprout prosperous by force to growing, that the orientation is good is taken branch to horizontal in late August, and is carried out light panching;
Prune according to the tree-like standard of spindle high yield year by year later on;
(6) former arboretum stays branch to enlarge tree crown as much as possible in 1 ~ 3 year, and the winter cuts and takes long putting and suitably light cutting back, does not dredge branch as far as possible; Cut suitably that the tip is hindered, turned round to order, pinching waits increases the branch amount summer; In order to relax tree vigo(u)r and promote to expand hat, each fertilizing amount increases by 10% before transplanting, and watering the water yield also suitably increases, so that vegetative period orchard coverage rate is reached about 90% as early as possible.
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| CN110100647A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-09 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of tree-like and shaping methods of suitable aged closing apple orchard transformation |
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| CN104429673A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-03-25 | 袁昌选 | Method for conducting layered branch stretching and crown extending on seedlings of tea-oil trees |
| CN104350831A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-02-18 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | Vineyard ditching method comprehensively utilizing surface layer mellow soil |
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| CN110100647B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-12-14 | 山东省果树研究所 | Tree form and shaping method suitable for transformation of aged closed apple orchard |
| CN111492882A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-07 | 新疆林科院造林治沙研究所 | Density transplanting method for red date close planting garden |
| CN111527973A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-08-14 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for improving closed garden of vigorous apples |
| CN112753476A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-05-07 | 新疆农业大学 | Method for efficiently preventing and treating bleeding injury after transplanting of big trees |
| CN112753476B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2024-02-27 | 新疆农业大学 | Method for efficiently preventing and controlling damage flow of transplanted big tree |
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