CN104429673A - Method for conducting layered branch stretching and crown extending on seedlings of tea-oil trees - Google Patents
Method for conducting layered branch stretching and crown extending on seedlings of tea-oil trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN104429673A CN104429673A CN201410635059.8A CN201410635059A CN104429673A CN 104429673 A CN104429673 A CN 104429673A CN 201410635059 A CN201410635059 A CN 201410635059A CN 104429673 A CN104429673 A CN 104429673A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for conducting layered branch stretching and crown extending on seedlings of tea-oil trees, and belongs to the technical field of plantation. The method includes the steps of firstly, cultivating the seedlings of the tea-oil trees according to a conventional method, and cultivating three layers of main branches by conducting topping and height controlling three times after the seedlings grow to a certain height; secondly, stretching each layer of main branches in the fixed direction by a certain angle so that the crow extending aim can be achieved; thirdly, conducting hard pinching on each layer of main branches to cultivate branches after the layer of main branches grow to a certain length, and continuing to cultivate the seedlings according to the conventional method. By means of the method, crowns of the cultivated seedlings of the tea-oil trees are large, tree bodies are reasonable in structure, the number of fruits hung on a single tree is remarkably increased, and the high yield and stable yield of the tea-oil trees are ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technology field, specifically, relate to the layering of a kind of oil tea treelet and draw branch to expand the method for hat.
Background technology
Oil tea has another name called tea subtree, tea oil tree and spends tea in vain, is the main woody edible oil material seeds of China.Accelerating camellia oleiferaindustry development is improve people's edible oil structure, safeguards the strategic measure of national oil plant safety.2009, three ministries and commissions of country have put into effect " national camellia oleiferaindustry development plan (2009 ~ the year two thousand twenty) ", wherein propose newly to make the developing goal that camellia oleifera lam per mu yield oil reaches more than 40 kilograms, improve more than 35kg than existing low production forest per mu yield oil about the 5kg that grows directly from seeds, this target selects camellia oleifera cultivar and seedling quality proposes requirements at the higher level.Seedling is the basic material of camellia oleiferaindustryization development, and quality guarantees the key of high-yield tea-oil stable yields.But current oil tea exists polarization, trunk is too low or too high.Camellia oleifera lam tree body trunk is too low, tree crown close proximity to ground, and ventilation and penetrating light is bad, is difficult to form thick and large tree crown, causes result less; Trunk is too high, tree crown and trunk height out of proportion, hat body is thin, and tree body weight is moved in the heart, so that the anti-wind power difference power of plant, causes partially being preced with lodging, and result reduces.
" Chinese oil tea " (the 2nd edition) document introduction is edited according to Zhuan Ruilin, young growth should to be shaped as master, and rational pruning can strengthen the growth of young sprout to treelet tree body, cultivates rational tree crown, increase tree crown area, for promoting that treelet early real high yield and bearing tree stable high yield lays the foundation.But only implement pruning measure to be still in because of tree truing phase, oil tea young growth is tending towards self-sow state, the very difficult tree management cultivating into high and stable yields.Realize camellia oleifera lam stable high yield, must manage by optimal trees body, cultivate and reasonably set frame structure, expand tree crown area.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide the layering of a kind of oil tea treelet draws branch to expand the method for hat, to solve following technical problem: the too low tree crown close proximity to ground brought of camellia oleifera lam tree body trunk, and ventilation and penetrating light is bad, be difficult to form thick and large tree crown, and trunk is too high, tree crown and trunk height out of proportion, hat body thin, tree body weight is moved in the heart, so that the anti-wind power difference power of plant, causes partially being preced with lodging, result reduces.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical programs:
The layering of oil tea treelet draws branch to expand a method for hat, comprises the following steps:
(1) top control is plucked high: conventionally cultivate oil tea young growth, after sapling up-growth to certain altitude, carry out respectively plucking top three times, cultivate ground floor, the second layer and third layer major branch successively, guarantee that the spacing of adjacent two layers major branch is 18 ~ 30cm;
(2) branch is drawn to expand hat: every one deck major branch step (1) cultivated pulls open and makes to form an angle between the major branch of each layer, and unnecessary major branch is wiped out, it is 60 ~ 70 degree that ground floor controls angle, and it is 50 ~ 60 degree that the second layer controls angle, and it is 40 ~ 50 degree that third layer controls angle;
(3) tip control hat is plucked: after the major branch of the every one deck of treelet grows to certain length, plucked the tip to cultivate branch, then conventionally continued to cultivate by this treelet.
In described step (1), until oil tea treelet grow to be highly 40 ~ 50cm time, carry out first time pluck top to cultivate ground floor major branch; When treelet trunk height is 70 ~ 80cm, carry out second time and pluck top to cultivate second layer major branch; When treelet trunk height is 110 ~ 120cm, carry out third time and pluck top to cultivate third layer major branch, and carry out cultivation of binding.
Preferably, in described step (1), the spacing of adjacent two layers major branch is 20 ~ 25cm.
Preferably, in described step (2), when drawing branch to expand hat, control second layer major branch and be positioned at above ground floor main branch angles, third layer major branch is positioned at above second layer main branch angles.
Preferably, in described step (2), ground floor retains 5 ~ 6 major branches, and the second layer retains 4 major branches, and third layer retains 4 major branches.
Preferably, in described step (2), do not fix its direction of growth, in time entering stable production period or this major branch affects sapling up-growth, then wiped out for 1 ~ 2 in ground floor major branch.
Preferably, in described step (3), ground floor major branch cultivates 4 grades of branches, and second layer major branch cultivates 3 grades of branches, and third layer major branch cultivates 2 grades of branches.
Preferably, in described step (3), pluck the tip when ground floor major branch grows to 32 ~ 38cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 60 ~ 65cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, pluck the tip when growing to 90 ~ 95cm and cultivate three grades of side shoots, pluck the tip when growing to 115 ~ 125cm and cultivate level Four side shoot; Pluck the tip when second layer major branch grows to 22 ~ 28cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 45 ~ 50cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, pluck the tip when growing to 75 ~ 80cm and cultivate three grades of side shoots; Pluck the tip when third layer major branch grows to 18 ~ 22cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 45 ~ 55cm and cultivate secondary side shoot.
Preferably, in described step (3), on each major branch of ground floor, the first order to the third level respectively retains 3 side shoots, and the fourth stage retains 2 side shoots; Reservation respectively at different levels 3 side shoots on each major branch of the second layer; On each major branch of third layer, side shoot at different levels retains 4 side shoots respectively.
Preferably, in described step (3), the spacing controlled on ground floor each major branch between adjacent two-stage side shoot is 15 ~ 20cm, and on the second layer and each major branch of third layer, the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot is 18 ~ 22cm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: short the doing of oil tea appropriateness was both conducive to light-use, was conducive to again the transport of above and below ground part nutrient, distribution and utilization.The management of tree body is the important content that oil tea Juvenile Stage science cultivates standing forest tree frame structure, and the present invention is by plucking the high cultivation carrying out major branch of top control; Regulate and control major branch by drawing branch and reach the object expanding hat; Cultivate branch group by plucking tip control hat, increase the tree crown of oil tea, cultivate rational tree management, individual plant is born fruit to count and is significantly improved, and guarantees camellia oleifera lam stable high yield.The present invention draws branch to expand hat shaping through implementing layering to oil tea treelet, cultivate into 4 years raw young growth individual plant height of tree 1.3 ~ 1.4m, 3 layers of canopy thickness 1.2m are greater than 1.4 ㎡ globular model tree management with width of coming of age, make oil tea young growth single-strain fructification yield reach more than 90%, significantly improve the economic benefit of oil tea.
Embodiment
Conveniently those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Embodiment is only illustrating this invention, is not limitation of the invention, and the step not doing in embodiment to illustrate is all prior arts, is not described in detail at this.
Embodiment one
The layering of oil tea treelet draws branch to expand a method for hat, comprises the following steps:
(1) pluck top control high: conventionally cultivate oil tea young growth, when oil tea treelet grows to highly for 40cm, carry out first time and pluck top to cultivate ground floor major branch; When treelet trunk height is 70cm, carry out second time and pluck top to cultivate second layer major branch, guarantee that the spacing of second layer major branch and ground floor major branch is 18cm simultaneously; When treelet trunk height is 110cm, carry out third time and pluck top to cultivate third layer major branch, guarantee that the spacing of third layer major branch and second layer major branch is 18cm simultaneously;
(2) branch is drawn to expand hat: the unnecessary major branch of every one deck step (1) cultivated is wiped out, and make ground floor retain 5 major branches, the second layer and third layer all retain 4 major branches; Pulled open by each layer major branch and make to form an angle between each layer major branch, and make second layer major branch be positioned at above ground floor main branch angles, third layer major branch is positioned at above second layer main branch angles.Wherein, ground floor only fixes 4 major branches, makes a wherein free growth, treats that camellia oleifera lam enters stable production period and wiped out, and it is 60 degree that ground floor controls angle, and it is 50 degree that the second layer controls angle, and it is 40 degree that third layer controls angle;
(3) tip control hat is plucked: pluck the tip when ground floor major branch grows to 32cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 60cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, pluck the tip when growing to 90cm and cultivate three grades of side shoots, pluck the tip when growing to 115cm and cultivate level Four side shoot, make the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot be 15cm simultaneously; Pluck the tip when second layer major branch grows to 22cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 45cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, pluck the tip when growing to 75cm and cultivate three grades of side shoots, and make the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot be 18cm; Pluck the tip when third layer major branch grows to 18cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 45cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, and make the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot be 18cm.Then this treelet is conventionally continued to cultivate.
Embodiment two
The layering of oil tea treelet draws branch to expand a method for hat, comprises the following steps:
(1) pluck top control high: conventionally cultivate oil tea young growth, when oil tea treelet grows to highly for 50cm, carry out first time and pluck top to cultivate ground floor major branch; When treelet trunk height is 80cm, carry out second time and pluck top to cultivate second layer major branch, guarantee that the spacing of second layer major branch and ground floor major branch is 30cm simultaneously; When treelet trunk height is 120cm, carry out third time and pluck top to cultivate third layer major branch, guarantee that the spacing of third layer major branch and second layer major branch is 30cm simultaneously;
(2) branch is drawn to expand hat: the unnecessary major branch of every one deck step (1) cultivated is wiped out, and make ground floor retain 6 major branches, the second layer and third layer all retain 4 major branches; Each layer major branch is pulled open and makes to form an angle between each layer major branch, and make second layer major branch be positioned at above ground floor main branch angles, third layer major branch is positioned at above second layer main branch angles, wherein, ground floor only fixes 4 major branches, makes wherein two free growths, treat that oil tea enters stable production period and wiped out, it is 70 degree that ground floor controls angle, and it is 60 degree that the second layer controls angle, and it is 50 degree that third layer controls angle;
(3) tip control hat is plucked: pluck the tip when ground floor major branch grows to 38cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 65cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, pluck the tip when growing to 95cm and cultivate three grades of side shoots, pluck the tip when growing to 125cm and cultivate level Four side shoot, make the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot be 20cm simultaneously; Pluck the tip when second layer major branch grows to 28cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 50cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, pluck the tip when growing to 80cm and cultivate three grades of side shoots, and make the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot be 22cm; Pluck the tip when third layer major branch grows to 22cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 55cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, and make the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot be 22cm.Then this treelet is conventionally continued to cultivate.
Embodiment three
The layering of oil tea treelet draws branch to expand a method for hat, comprises the following steps:
(1) pluck top control high: conventionally cultivate oil tea young growth, when oil tea treelet grows to highly for 45cm, carry out first time and pluck top to cultivate ground floor major branch; When treelet trunk height is 75cm, carry out second time and pluck top to cultivate second layer major branch, guarantee that the spacing of second layer major branch and ground floor major branch is 20cm simultaneously; When treelet trunk height is 115cm, carry out third time and pluck top to cultivate third layer major branch, guarantee that the spacing of third layer major branch and second layer major branch is 25cm simultaneously;
(2) branch is drawn to expand hat: the unnecessary major branch of every one deck step (1) cultivated is wiped out, and make ground floor retain 6 major branches, the second layer and third layer all retain 4 major branches; Each layer major branch is pulled open and makes to form an angle between each layer major branch, and make second layer major branch be positioned at above ground floor main branch angles, third layer major branch is positioned at above second layer main branch angles, wherein, ground floor only fixes 4 major branches, makes wherein two free growths, treat that oil tea enters stable production period and wiped out, it is 65 degree that ground floor controls angle, and it is 55 degree that the second layer controls angle, and it is 45 degree that third layer controls angle;
(3) tip control hat is plucked: pluck the tip when ground floor major branch grows to 35cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 62cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, pluck the tip when growing to 93cm and cultivate three grades of side shoots, pluck the tip when growing to 120cm and cultivate level Four side shoot, make the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot be 18cm simultaneously; Pluck the tip when second layer major branch grows to 25cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 47cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, pluck the tip when growing to 77cm and cultivate three grades of side shoots, and make the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot be 20cm; Pluck the tip when third layer major branch grows to 20cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 50cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, and make the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot be 20cm.Then this treelet is conventionally continued to cultivate.
Embodiment four
The layering of oil tea treelet draws branch to expand a method for hat, comprises the following steps:
(1) pluck top control high: conventionally cultivate oil tea young growth, when oil tea treelet grows to highly for 48cm, carry out first time and pluck top to cultivate ground floor major branch; When treelet trunk height is 72cm, carry out second time and pluck top to cultivate second layer major branch, guarantee that the spacing of second layer major branch and ground floor major branch is 20cm simultaneously; When treelet trunk height is 112cm, carry out third time and pluck top to cultivate third layer major branch, guarantee that the spacing of third layer major branch and second layer major branch is 26cm simultaneously;
(2) branch is drawn to expand hat: the unnecessary major branch of every one deck step (1) cultivated is wiped out, and make ground floor retain 6 major branches, the second layer and third layer all retain 4 major branches; Each layer major branch is pulled open and makes to form an angle between each layer major branch, and make second layer major branch be positioned at above ground floor main branch angles, third layer major branch is positioned at above second layer main branch angles, wherein, ground floor only fixes 4 major branches, makes wherein two free growths, treat that oil tea enters stable production period and wiped out, it is 63 degree that ground floor controls angle, and it is 52 degree that the second layer controls angle, and it is 44 degree that third layer controls angle;
(3) tip control hat is plucked: pluck the tip when ground floor major branch grows to 34cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 63cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, pluck the tip when growing to 94cm and cultivate three grades of side shoots, pluck the tip when growing to 121cm and cultivate level Four side shoot, make the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot be 20cm simultaneously; Pluck the tip when second layer major branch grows to 26cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 47cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, pluck the tip when growing to 78cm and cultivate three grades of side shoots, and make the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot be 20cm; Pluck the tip when third layer major branch grows to 21cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 52cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, and make the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot be 20cm.Then this treelet is conventionally continued to cultivate.
Come to do checking further to beneficial effect of the present invention below by test example:
Test example
From the plantation oil tea young growth of a year, selected 5 permanent sample plots, cultivate all according to a conventional method, with selecting 4 samples at random as experimental group, adopt the method process of embodiment one to embodiment four respectively.Above-mentioned process as a control group, is not done in another sample ground.According to the pilot survey result of experimental group and control group, tree body was cultivated to 4 length of times, and the present invention's effect in young growth tree crown area, the individual plant amount of bearing fruit, major branch distribution etc. is very remarkable, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
According to index of correlation investigation results such as 4 years oil generation tea growth of young plantations fruit characters: 1. experimental group mean stand height 1.37 meters, hat 1.79 ㎡, high hat is than 0.76; Check plot mean stand height 1.48 meters, hat 1.1 meters, high hat is than 1.35.Result illustrates: experimental group height hat is than being less than 1, and tree management is scientific and reasonable, and young growth result area increases; Control group tree body self-sow, high hat is than being greater than 1, and be preced with narrow, solid area is little.2. experimental group ripening rate reaches more than 90%, higher than control group more than 20 percentage points; Individual plant bears fruit several 30, than many 20 of contrast.Result illustrates: oil tea Juvenile Stage draws branch to expand hat by layering and draws a shaping technique application, and individual plant hip number showed increased, for scientific basic has been established in the stable high yield of oil tea standing forest.3. experimental group tree body is without being partially preced with phenomenon, and have three layers equally distributed 13 major branches altogether, the growth and the major branch direction of growth covers after artificial assistant regulating and controlling, and branch is juxtaposition not, defines good tree body skeleton; Control group oil tea plant self-sow, inclined hat rate reaches 40%, major branch number 9, and it is messy to distribute, and tree body weight is moved in the heart, and unbalance of structure, result quantities is few.
Claims (10)
1. the layering of oil tea treelet draws branch to expand a method for hat, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) top control is plucked high: conventionally cultivate oil tea young growth, after sapling up-growth to certain altitude, carry out respectively plucking top three times, cultivate ground floor, the second layer and third layer major branch successively, guarantee that the spacing of adjacent two layers major branch is 18 ~ 30cm;
(2) branch is drawn to expand hat: every one deck major branch step (1) cultivated pulls open and makes to form an angle between the major branch of each layer, and unnecessary major branch is wiped out, it is 60 ~ 70 degree that ground floor controls angle, and it is 50 ~ 60 degree that the second layer controls angle, and it is 40 ~ 50 degree that third layer controls angle;
(3) tip control hat is plucked: after the major branch of the every one deck of treelet grows to certain length, plucked the tip to cultivate branch, then conventionally continued to cultivate by this treelet.
2. oil tea treelet layering as claimed in claim 1 draws branch to expand the method for hat, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), until oil tea treelet grow to be highly 40 ~ 50cm time, carry out first time and pluck and push up to cultivate ground floor major branch; When treelet trunk height is 70 ~ 80cm, carry out second time and pluck top to cultivate second layer major branch; When treelet trunk height is 110 ~ 120cm, carry out third time and pluck top to cultivate third layer major branch, and carry out cultivation of binding.
3. oil tea treelet layering as claimed in claim 1 or 2 draws branch to expand the method for hat, and it is characterized in that, in described step (1), the spacing of adjacent two layers major branch is 20 ~ 25cm.
4. oil tea layering as claimed in claim 1 draws branch to expand the method for hat, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), when drawing branch to expand hat, control second layer major branch and be positioned at above ground floor main branch angles, third layer major branch is positioned at above second layer main branch angles.
5. the oil tea treelet layering as described in claim 1,4 any one draws branch to expand the method for hat, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), ground floor retains 5 ~ 6 major branches, and the second layer retains 4 major branches, and third layer retains 4 major branches.
6. the oil tea treelet layering as described in claim 1,4,5 any one draws branch to expand the method for hat, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), do not fix its direction of growth for 1 ~ 2 in ground floor major branch, when treelet enters stable production period or this major branch affects sapling up-growth, then wiped out.
7. oil tea treelet layering as claimed in claim 1 draws branch to expand the method for hat, and it is characterized in that, in described step (3), ground floor major branch cultivates 4 grades of branches, and second layer major branch cultivates 3 grades of branches, and third layer major branch cultivates 2 grades of branches.
8. the oil tea treelet layering as described in claim 1,7 any one draws branch to expand the method for hat, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), pluck the tip when ground floor major branch grows to 32 ~ 38cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 60 ~ 65cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, pluck the tip when growing to 90 ~ 95cm and cultivate three grades of side shoots, pluck the tip when growing to 115 ~ 125cm and cultivate level Four side shoot; Pluck the tip when second layer major branch grows to 22 ~ 28cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 45 ~ 50cm and cultivate secondary side shoot, pluck the tip when growing to 75 ~ 80cm and cultivate three grades of side shoots; Pluck the tip when third layer major branch grows to 18 ~ 22cm and cultivate primary lateral branches, pluck the tip when growing to 45 ~ 55cm and cultivate secondary side shoot.
9. the oil tea treelet layering as described in claim 7,8 any one draws branch to expand the method for hat, and it is characterized in that, in described step (3), on each major branch of ground floor, the first order to the third level respectively retains 3 side shoots, and the fourth stage retains 2 side shoots; Reservation respectively at different levels 3 side shoots on each major branch of the second layer; On each major branch of third layer, side shoot at different levels retains 4 side shoots respectively.
10. the oil tea treelet layering as described in claim 1,7,8,9 any one draws branch to expand the method for hat, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), the spacing controlled on ground floor each major branch between adjacent two-stage side shoot is 15 ~ 20cm, and on the second layer and each major branch of third layer, the spacing of adjacent two-stage side shoot is 18 ~ 22cm.
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| CN106472234A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-03-08 | 金陵科技学院 | A kind of breeding method of the low dry radial pattern tree crown of hair |
| CN108849194A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-23 | 峨眉山天然有机茶业有限公司 | A kind of tea bush trimmer technique |
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Application publication date: 20150325 |