CN101595811B - Grafting method of camellia bud stocks - Google Patents
Grafting method of camellia bud stocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN101595811B CN101595811B CN2009100947180A CN200910094718A CN101595811B CN 101595811 B CN101595811 B CN 101595811B CN 2009100947180 A CN2009100947180 A CN 2009100947180A CN 200910094718 A CN200910094718 A CN 200910094718A CN 101595811 B CN101595811 B CN 101595811B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting method of camellia bud stocks, comprising the steps of: taking camellia bud seedlings which are not lignified or half-lignified as parental stocks, wherein, the camellia bud seedlings have 3-5cm height and more than 0.2cm diameter; taking the annual shoot camellia mother trees which are lignified or half-lignified as cions; grafting the stocks and the cions; packing grafting openings with preservative films when grafting; and sticking the preservative films with fire head irons. The invention adopts a preservative film-ironing technology, does not hurt the stocks, can completely seal the grafting openings when packaging, has good moisture retentiveness, has the hardly oxidized grafting openings which are fast healed, and has grafting survival rate which is high to 94.5%. Furthermore, the invention has simple and fast operation, can complete the grafting process by sticking the preservative films by means of light ironing with pastille fire head after being packaged, simplifies the complex grafting process of the camellia bud stocks, and is easy to learn, understand and operate. Therefore, farmers can fast skillfully master applied practical technique.
Description
One, technical field:
The invention belongs to the plant graft technology, specifically is a kind of grafting method of camellia bud stocks.
Two, background technology:
Oil tea belongs to the evergreen dungarunga of Theaceae, is the distinctive woody oleiferous plants resource of China, also is the grand strategy resource of safeguarding national grain and oil safety.Tea oil is nutritious, is easy to human consumption and absorbs, and has the softening blood vessel function, and intermediate products Tea Saponin, the degreasing dregs of rice are primary raw materials of producing superior cosmetics, fertilizer and biopesticide.
Country and province pay much attention to the oil tea development, ground such as Dehong, mountain of papers are classified as " province portion woody oleiferous plants cooperation demonstration area ", plan the year two thousand twenty, in 2,000,000 mu in Dehong state development oil tea.
Improved seeds are high-yield tea-oils, basic efficiently, and clonal reproduction is an improved seeds proterties genetic stability key technology.2,000,000 mu of oil teas of this planning and development of Dehong state, scale is big, and is unprecedented.Oil tea fine-variety breeding and quick multiplication technique are subjected to the great attention of government of Party committees at all levels.Capture oil tea improved seeds clone fast breeding technique, become 2,000,000 mu of oil tea development task of top priority.
For improving the economic benefit of oil tea, on graft technology, a lot of methods have been explored in domestic a lot of place, as " drawing the skin notch grafting ", " vernalization in batches of four methods " lid sand, " warm water regulation and control bud anvil " etc., then generally adopt the aluminium suitcase to prick the method for grafting at Dehong.Through experiment and empirical evidence, with the grafting that the aluminium suitcase is pricked, 30 days begin healing after the grafting, survival rate 55.2%, and seedling cost is 0.91 yuan/strain, and survival rate is low, and cost is higher, and is corresponding therewith, and economic benefit is also low.
Three, summary of the invention:
Low at above-mentioned oil tea tradition graft technology survival rate, seedling cost is high, the defective that economic benefit is low, the invention provides a kind of grafting method of camellia bud stocks, it adopts preservative film to iron the technology of pressing, can improve survival rate greatly, can reach 94.5%, improve outplanting rate, reduce input cost, increase economic benefit.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of grafting method of camellia bud stocks, tender according to oil tea tissue children, cell division capacity is strong, division is fast, and easily heal principle and preservative film of wound is thin and soft after the grafting, does not hinder stock during parcel, easily irons and presses adhesion characteristic.With high 3～5cm, more than the diameter 0.2cm, the oil-tea sprout of lignification or semi-lignified is not a stock as yet, and giving birth to semi-lignified to lignification branch then with the good elite stand of oil tea is scion, carries out grafting; Wrap up the grafting mouth with preservative film during grafting, iron with duration and degree of heating and press the stickup preservative film, make it bonding.
The present invention has two technological innovations: the one, and utilize preservative film thin and soft, do not hinder stock during parcel, and grafting mouth complete closed can be substituted the material innovation that traditional grafting is wrapped up in the aluminium suitcase.The 2nd, utilize preservative film easy to iron and press adhesion characteristic, gently ironing preservative film with the line spices duration and degree of heating can be bonding, substitutes the process innovation of traditional grafting with film binding grafting mouth.Innovative technology provides strong technical support for the oil tea stock breeding of Dehong state.
Use the new material preservative film thin, do not hinder stock, can be during parcel with grafting mouth complete closed, moisture retention is good, and the grafting mouth is difficult for oxidation, and healing is fast, makes graft survival rate reach 94.5%.New technology is simple and quick, and preservative film is gently ironed with the line spices duration and degree of heating in the parcel back can the bonding grafting process of finishing.New material, new technology, two technological innovations make the complicated camellia bud stocks grafting simple and fast that becomes, and become easy, understandable, easy to operate, the practical technique that the peasant can on top of use soon.
Below by example technique effect of the present invention is described:
(1) grafting of pricking with the aluminium suitcase, 30 days begin healing after the grafting, and survival rate 55.2% sees table 1 for details.
Table 1 camellia bud stocks grafting aluminium suitcase is pricked test statistics list position: strain
| Grafting time | Grafting strain number | Survive the strain number | Survival rate (%) | Timing statistics |
| 2008.12.30 | 598 | 315 | 52.6 | 2009.2.27 |
| 2008.12.31 | 1048 | 559 | 53.3 | 2009.2.27 |
| 2009.1.4 | 1140 | 643 | 56.4 | 2009.2.27 |
| 2009.1.8 | 1050 | 579 | 55.1 | 2009.2.27 |
| 2009.1.9 | 1346 | 789 | 58.6 | 2009.2.27 |
| Add up to | 5182 | 2885 | 55.2 |
(2) method that proposes according to the present invention irons with preservative film and to press bonding grafting, and 25 days begin healing after the grafting, and survival rate 94.5% sees table 2 for details.
Table 2 camellia bud stocks grafting preservative film grafting test statistics list position: strain
| Grafting time | Grafting strain number | Survive the strain number | Survival rate (%) | Timing statistics |
| 2009.1.11 | 979 | 938 | 95.8 | 2009.3.1 |
| 2009.1.14 | 1237 | 1161 | 93.8 | 2009.3.1 |
| 2009.1.15 | 1275 | 1205 | 94.5 | 2009.3.1 |
| 2009.1.16 | 1190 | 1132 | 95.1 | 2009.3.2 |
| 2009.1.17 | 1282 | 1195 | 93.2 | 2009.3.2 |
| 2009.1.19 | 1119 | 1070 | 95.6 | 2009.3.3 |
| 2009.1.20 | 1326 | 1244 | 93.8 | 2009.3.3 |
| 2009.1.21 | 1674 | 1562 | 93.3 | 2009.3.4 |
| 2009.1.21 | 1347 | 1280 | 95.0 | 2009.3.4 |
| 2009.1.22 | 1370 | 1317 | 96.1 | 2009.3.4 |
| 2009.2.1 | 1544 | 1483 | 96.0 | 2009.3.5 |
| 2009.2.3 | 1514 | 1384 | 91.4 | 2009.3.5 |
| 2009.2.3 | 1548 | 1458 | 94.2 | 2009.3.5 |
| 2009.2.11 | 1610 | 1531 | 95.1 | 2009.3.5 |
| 2009.2.12 | 1632 | 1547 | 94.8 | 2009.3.5 |
| Add up to | 20647 | 19507 | 94.5 |
(3) to iron and press bonding seedling cost be 0.652 yuan/strain to preservative film, and aluminium skin colligation seedling cost is 0.91 yuan/strain, reduces by 0.258 yuan/strain, sees table 3 for details.
Table 3 camellia bud stocks graft seedling growth cost structure list position: divide
| Project | Scion | Stock | Colligation | Working hour expense | Administration fee | Add up to | Survival rate | Contrast |
| The aluminium skin | 10 | 10 | 3 | 10 | 30 | 63 | 55.2 | 91 |
| Preservative film | 10 | 10 | 0.12 | 10 | 30 | 61.2 | 94.5 | 65.2 |
From above-mentioned contrast as can be known, camellia bud stocks graft technology provided by the invention makes graft survival rate reach 94.5%, promotes the remarkable effect of grafting oil tea more than 600 ten thousand strains in Quanzhou.According in June, 2009, Yunnan Province research institute of scientific-technical information " scientific and technological novelty assessment report " result uses preservative film parcel, sealing grafting mouth and irons with the line spices duration and degree of heating and presses preservative film and make it bonding, belongs to first Application in the camellia bud stocks grafting.
Four, embodiment:
Bud stock grafting of the present invention is meant that with not lignification or semi-lignified oil tea seedling be stock, and giving birth to semi-lignified to lignification branch then with the good elite stand of oil tea is the grafting that scion is carried out.It comprises the cultivation of bud anvil; Scion is gathered; The grafting apparatus is prepared; Cut bud, cut anvil; Embedding bud, colligation; Step such as plant.
1, stock is cultivated
(1) seed collection: early October, when oil tea fruit can be gathered by green flavescence and when ftractureing.
(2) seed treatment: the oil tea of gathering really is placed on the indoor of ventilation, allows its season crack, eject seed.Select the presprouting of seeds of diameter more than 1.5cm.Seed before the vernalization, soaks 12h with seed with clear water with adopting with urging, and removes the empty grain of come-up, gets final product vernalization.
(3) vernalization: with wide 1m, the compacting of the seedbed of long 10～15m, pad 5cm sand or wood chip on the seedbed.Seed is sowed uniformly on sand or wood chip, and every square metre of seeding quantity is 4.5～5kg.After sowing seed, cover thick sand of 5cm or wood chip again, water permeablely, use plastic mulching.About about 50 days germination and emergences successively treat that the bud seedling grows to high 3～5cm, when diameter 0.2cm is above, can use for grafting by lifting.
2, scion is gathered scion in the periphery, elite stand tree crown middle and upper part of good oil tea, adopts the semi-lignified branch that robust growth, axillalry bud are full, the leaf look normal is, disease-free of giving birth to then, generally with adopting with usefulness.
3, grafting
(1) grafting time is avoided high temperature, strong wind and sun direct projection weather in April December to next year, generally carries out indoor.
(2) the grafting apparatus is prepared
Comprise: the desk that the grafting personnel use, chair; Wet towel, plastic basin, grafting knife; Plastic Drum, hoe, bamboo basket; Bamboo chip, mulch film, preservative film, aluminium skin, sunshade net.
(3) cut scion and select full axillary-bud or top-bud in the scion, cutter under 0.5～1cm place, the bottom of bud both sides is whittled into two inclined-planes, and the long 1～1.2cm in inclined-plane cuts off at 0.1～0.2cm place, bud top.Leaf in the scion is cut off 1/3rd to half.Be placed on the bud of cutting in the clear water basin or on the wet towel.
(4) cut anvil and cut off, indulge partial application, the degree of depth 1～1.2cm along axis in incision at 2.5～3cm place, anvil bud cotyledon top.Anvil shoot root portion keeps 4～5cm, with unnecessary part excision.
(5) bud that will cut of embedding bud embeds in the stock otch, and otch can not have the space.
(6) colligation
1. the wide 1cm of conventional art, long 3cm, thick 20, the aluminium skin after thermal treatment is softening is clutched around the grafting mouth, makes aluminium skin two endlap buttons.
2. the wide 1.7cm of the present invention, the preservative film of long 10cm be around sealing grafting mouth, irons with the line spices duration and degree of heating and press preservative film one end, makes it bonding.
4, plant the transplanted seedling tree that grafting is good to the seedbed or in the nutritious bag, the general 5cm * 6cm of seeding row spacing waters permeablely, covers with small arched shed and to preserve moisture, and shelters from heat or light on the bow canopy, and shade density is 75%～80%.
5, managing after grafting
(1) plants back 30 days except that sprouting, in time wipe out the rudiment on the stock.Weeds are extracted in weeding.
When (2) water and fertilizer management grafting length is to 3～5cm, impose 0.2% urea water.
Claims (5)
1. a grafting method of camellia bud stocks mainly comprises the cultivation of bud anvil; Scion is gathered; The grafting apparatus is prepared; Cut bud, cut anvil; Embedding bud, colligation; The step of planting, it is characterized in that: with high 3～5cm, more than the diameter 0.2cm, the oil-tea sprout of lignification or semi-lignified is not a stock as yet, giving birth to semi-lignified or lignification branch then with the oil tea elite stand is scion, carries out grafting; Wrap up the grafting mouth with preservative film during grafting, iron with duration and degree of heating and press the stickup preservative film, make it bonding grafting mouth complete closed; The transplanted seedling tree that grafting is good is to the seedbed or in the nutritious bag, and seeding row spacing 5cm * 6cm waters permeablely, covers with the bow canopy and to preserve moisture, and shelters from heat or light on the bow canopy, and shade density is 75%～80%.
2. grafting method of camellia bud stocks as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: when the bud anvil is cultivated, select the presprouting of seeds of diameter more than 1.5cm, before the vernalization, seed is soaked 12h with clear water; Sow uniformly on the seedbed that is lined with thick 5cm sand or wood chip seed and compacting, every square metre of seeding quantity is 4.5～5kg, after sowing seed, cover thick sand of 5cm or wood chip again, water permeablely, with plastic mulching about about 50 days, treat that the bud seedling grows to high 3～5cm, when diameter 0.2cm was above, lifting used for grafting.
3. grafting method of camellia bud stocks as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the periphery, elite stand tree crown middle and upper part of oil recovery tea during scion, disease-free semi-lignified or lignification branch, with adopting with usefulness; Select axillary-bud or top-bud full in the scion, cutter under 0.5～1cm place, the bottom of bud both sides is whittled into two inclined-planes, and the long 1～1.2cm in inclined-plane cuts off at 0.1～0.2cm place, bud top; Leaf in the scion is cut off 1/3rd to half, and the bud of cutting is placed in the clear water basin or on the wet towel.
4. grafting method of camellia bud stocks as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: cutting anvil is to cut off at 2.5～3cm place, anvil bud cotyledon top, indulges partial application, the degree of depth 1～1.2cm in incision along axis; Anvil shoot root portion keeps 4～5cm, the redundance excision.
5. grafting method of camellia bud stocks as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: use wide 1.7cm during colligation, the preservative film of long 10cm is around sealing grafting mouth, irons with duration and degree of heating and presses preservative film one end and make it bonding.
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| CN2009100947180A CN101595811B (en) | 2009-07-13 | 2009-07-13 | Grafting method of camellia bud stocks |
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| CN101595811B true CN101595811B (en) | 2011-01-26 |
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