CN107258468A - Slash Pine Plantations reconstruct technology - Google Patents
Slash Pine Plantations reconstruct technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN107258468A CN107258468A CN201710660450.7A CN201710660450A CN107258468A CN 107258468 A CN107258468 A CN 107258468A CN 201710660450 A CN201710660450 A CN 201710660450A CN 107258468 A CN107258468 A CN 107258468A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention discloses Slash Pine Plantations reconstruction technology, passes through the methods such as Slash Pine Stand selection standard, Stand investigation, single wood investigation, standing forest reconstruction and safeguard measure；Base oneself upon wet-land pine tree Timber stands present situation; standing forest soil fertility is selected to recover the good standing forest in basis; using scientific and reasonable reconstruction technology; become single and cultivate pattern with the multipurpose standing forest that material target is protected into breeding select tree, Breeding large diameter timber and High yielding individual plant operation are integrated; pass through sylvan life broad leaf tree updating maintenance soil fertility; the nutrient demand of guarantee material and Oleoresin production, so as to ensure the demand of different productive targets and different interests side.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plantation reformation technical field, more particularly to a kind of Slash Pine Plantations reconstruction technology.
Background technology
Wet-land pine tree（Pinus elliottiiEngelmann）Southeastern US is originated in, because growth is rapid, strong adaptability,
And introduced a fine variety extensively to global tropical and semi-tropical multiple countries and regions, as the important use material of introducing region and resin tapping tree
Kind.China was since 1973, successively from a large amount of import Slash pine seed in the U.S., Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi,
The subtropical zone province such as Sichuan, Fujian, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Hainan（Area）Carry out introduction and acclimatization and afforestation popularization.
By 2013, wet-land pine tree, up to 1,340,000 hectares, was only second to China fir and masson pine, strong alleviation in China's afforestation area
The nervous problem of China's wood supply.
For a long time, China's Slash Pine Plantations cultivation system is built deploys mainly around wood producing, in breeding garden battalion
Build, achieve notable achievement in terms of Cultivation subdivision, site type classification, Forest field management, seedling breeding, density adjusting technology,
Unit area timber yield is increased dramatically.But, because generation more than same forest land even cultivation causes Soil degradation serious, and do not have
Effective fertility maintaining pattern, so as to cause timber yield to be significantly reduced with plant increase from generation to generation.How power is borrowed naturally, passing through
Stand System itself Nutrient Cycling recovers soil fertility, it is ensured that one of the problem of timber yield turns into production of forestry urgent need to resolve.In recent years
Come, pine resin price climbs up and up, pine tree resin tapping income far super wood producing is driven, many regional wet-land pine trees by interests
There is the resin tapping behavior of contracting property in artificial forest, and even carrying out intensity to the full woods of Fast-growth phase regardless of the seed of forest cuts fat, and tree vigo(u)r is weak and standing forest
Growth decline turns into universal phenomenon, and the timber growth target to wet-land pine tree Timber stands causes severe jamming.And wet-land pine tree is initial
Cultivate target and be positioned at wood producing, the Silvicultural Measures such as strain, habitat location and planting density of afforesting are not for Oleoresin production
Design, most of pine forest pine resin yield is not high, ultimately results in pair that wood culture target can not be realized and pine resin yield is low
Defeated present situation.
Wet-land pine tree Timber stands present situation is based oneself upon, selection standing forest soil fertility is recovered the good standing forest in basis, changed using scientific and reasonable
Technology is built, becomes single with the multipurpose that material target is protected into breeding select tree, Breeding large diameter timber and High yielding individual plant operation are integrated
Standing forest cultivates pattern, passes through sylvan life broad leaf tree updating maintenance soil fertility, it is ensured that with material and the nutrient demand of Oleoresin production, so as to ensure
Different productive targets and the demand of different interests side, are to realize one of Critical policies of Slash Pine Plantations Sustainable Operation.This
Invention belongs to technical field of plant cultivation, can effectively improve Slash Pine Plantations material multipurpose productive target and improve economic effect
Benefit.
The content of the invention
In order to improve Slash Pine Plantations material multipurpose productive target and increase economic efficiency, propose that a kind of wet-land pine tree is artificial
Woods reconstructs technology.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
Slash Pine Plantations reconstruct technology, it is characterised in that it is as follows that the technology includes step：
S1：The standard of Slash Pine component selections is determined, Stand investigation is carried out；
S2：Goal tree is selected and Distribution Pattern is determined；
S3:Intermediate cutting, the intensity of intermediate cutting are carried out to standing forest：Using strain number intensity of intermediate cutting norm controlling, the standing forest after intermediate cutting retains
Strain numberWith standing forest strain number before intermediate cuttingThe ratio between for percentage relevant with strain distance（x%）Constant：；
S4:Periodically foster：The competitive neighboring trees of goal tree are cut down and removed, lumbering removes unhealthy, prickly pear；
S5:Tapping intensity：According to the standing forest cutting cycle, tapping intensity is determined；
S6:Tree body is safeguarded：Repair except dead branch and the branch stake remained on trunk；
S7:Lin Zhi is built in road：Lin Zhi roads width is not more than 0.5m, is set along hillside "the" shape；
S8:Seedling is updated to foster：Miscellaneous filling and competition seedling of the same race around annual 5 and 2 removing seedling of September part；
S9:Skid road is built：Slash Pine Plantations build skid road every width 50m along hillside；
S10:Intermediate cutting：Intermediate cutting trees should control to swing to, to slope under cut down close to skid road direction；
S11:Safeguard procedures：Forest land health maintenance, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and forest fire.
Further, the criteria factor for determining Slash Pine component selections includes weather conditions, landform and edaphic condition
And standing forest condition.
Further, the Stand investigation is wealthy including standing forest Distribution Pattern, standing forest crowding, Canopy densities and standing forest
Leaf seedlings regeneration situation.
Further, one percentage relevant with strain distance（x%）Constant is comforted in 10%-15% for low-intensity
Educate intermediate cutting；15%-20% is moderate strength tending and intermittent cutting of forest；41%-49% is high equal strength tending and intermittent cutting of forest, if the density of crop is excessive, should
Carry out gradually low-intensity intermediate cutting.
Further, the combination per 3-4 is cut down to the competitive neighboring trees of goal tree removes, and lumbering removes unhealthy, overlord
Tree.
Further, resin tapping cycle >=10 year in the S5, load rate of the dipping area cannot be greater than 40%, and the resin tapping cycle is in 6-9
Year, load rate of the dipping area cannot be greater than 50%；The resin tapping cycle is less than 5 years, and load rate of the dipping area cannot be greater than 65%.
Further, S7 middle forests fat road width is not more than 0.5m, is set along hillside "the" shape, and should get around sylvan life
Update and build Po Kan at nursery stock, abrupt slope, it is ensured that walking safety.
Further, the width on skid road can be freed in and out by skidding operation vehicle and is defined in the S10.
The invention has the advantages that：
The present invention bases oneself upon wet-land pine tree Timber stands present situation, and selection standing forest soil fertility recovers the good standing forest in basis, using scientific and reasonable
Reconstruction technology, it is that Breeding large diameter timber and High yielding individual plant cultivate the multipurpose standing forest being integrated and cultivate mould with material target to become single
Formula, passes through sylvan life broad leaf tree updating maintenance soil fertility, it is ensured that with material and the nutrient demand of Oleoresin production, so as to ensure different production mesh
Mark and the demand of different interests side.
The inventive method can cause unit area timber yield to be increased dramatically, and rational method causes Stand System
Itself Nutrient Cycling recovers soil fertility, it is ensured that timber yield.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described further：
Slash Pine Plantations reconstruct technology, it is characterised in that it is as follows that the technology includes step：
S1：The standard of Slash Pine component selections is determined, Stand investigation is carried out；
S2：Goal tree is selected and Distribution Pattern is determined；
S3:Intermediate cutting, the intensity of intermediate cutting are carried out to standing forest：Using strain number intensity of intermediate cutting norm controlling, the standing forest after intermediate cutting retains
Strain numberWith standing forest strain number before intermediate cuttingThe ratio between for percentage relevant with strain distance（x%）Constant：；
S4:Periodically foster：The competitive neighboring trees of goal tree are cut down and removed, lumbering removes unhealthy, prickly pear；
S5:Tapping intensity：According to the standing forest cutting cycle, tapping intensity is determined；
S6:Tree body is safeguarded：Repair except dead branch and the branch stake remained on trunk；
S7:Lin Zhi is built in road：Lin Zhi roads width is not more than 0.5m, is set along hillside "the" shape；
S8:Seedling is updated to foster：Miscellaneous filling and competition seedling of the same race around annual 5 and 2 removing seedling of September part；
S9:Skid road is built：Slash Pine Plantations build skid road every width 50m along hillside；
S10:Intermediate cutting：Intermediate cutting trees should control to swing to, to slope under cut down close to skid road direction；
S11:Safeguard procedures：Forest land health maintenance, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and forest fire.
Further, the criteria factor for determining Slash Pine component selections includes weather conditions, landform and edaphic condition
And standing forest condition.
Further, the Stand investigation is wealthy including standing forest Distribution Pattern, standing forest crowding, Canopy densities and standing forest
Leaf seedlings regeneration situation.
Further, one percentage relevant with strain distance（x%）Constant is comforted in 10%-15% for low-intensity
Educate intermediate cutting；15%-20% is moderate strength tending and intermittent cutting of forest；41%-49% is high equal strength tending and intermittent cutting of forest, if the density of crop is excessive, should
Carry out gradually low-intensity intermediate cutting.
Further, the combination per 3-4 is cut down to the competitive neighboring trees of goal tree removes, and lumbering removes unhealthy, overlord
Tree.
Further, resin tapping cycle >=10 year in the S5, load rate of the dipping area cannot be greater than 40%, and the resin tapping cycle is in 6-9
Year, load rate of the dipping area cannot be greater than 50%；The resin tapping cycle is less than 5 years, and load rate of the dipping area cannot be greater than 65%.
Further, S7 middle forests fat road width is not more than 0.5m, is set along hillside "the" shape, and should get around sylvan life
Update and build Po Kan at nursery stock, abrupt slope, it is ensured that walking safety.
Further, the width on skid road can be freed in and out by skidding operation vehicle and is defined in the S10.
Embodiment：
1st, Slash Pine Stand selection standard
1）Weather conditions：Year 15 DEG C -24 DEG C of samming, day 12 DEG C -20 DEG C of samming, absolute low temperature>- 17 DEG C, annual precipitation ＞
1000mm。
2）Landform and edaphic condition：a）Height above sea level is in below 500m hills, river lakeshore；b）Height above sea level is less than 500m, the gradient
High mountain descending position less than 15 °；c）Plains region, thickness of soil is in more than 60cm, and level of ground water is in below 0.5m.
3）Standing forest condition：Canopy densities are not less than 0.6, and site index is not less than 14.
2nd, Stand investigation
1）Standing forest Altitudinal pattern：Standing forest is divided into a height of foundation of standing forest advantage by 3 perpendicular layers, upper strata forest is the height of tree
>=2/3 Advantage height, middle level is forest of the height of tree between 1/3-2/3 Advantage heights, and lower floor is the woods of the Advantage height of the height of tree≤1/3
Wood.
2）Stand level Distribution Pattern：Using potential target tree and its 4 plants of neighboring trees as stand level Morbidity investigation unit,
Calculate standing forest trees Distribution Pattern using uniform angle, and be divided into be uniformly distributed, random distribution and the type of Assembled distribution 3, make
It is that standing forest reconstruction goal tree and lumbering remove selection gist.
3）Standing forest crowding：Using formula：（N- per hectare strain numbers；CW- even crown diameters）Calculated.
4）Canopy densities：It is measured using sampling point determination method.
5）Standing forest broad-leaved seedling updates：Using《Forest inventory for planning and designing technical regulation》（National standard GB/T 26424-
2010）To evaluate seedling species and upgrowth situation in standing forest.
3rd, single wood investigation
1）Growth indexes：The diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground（cm）, the height of tree（m）, hat width between strain（m）, hat width in strain（m）.
2）Intraspecific competition：Evaluated using the competitive index based on the angle of cut.
3）Health status：To occur in standing forest death, spike top, bear down on one, tilt, bend, trunk snap, disease corruption, top tip bifurcated etc.
The Dan Mu of situation is labeled as unhealthy trees.
4）Gum productivity is determined：Fat animated period is produced in 7-9 months, is measured using rosin Gum productivity special measuring equipment.
4th, standing forest is reconstructed
1）Goal tree selection standard：
Tending and intermittent cutting of forest：Lumbering is removed without cultivation the unhealthy of future, prickly pear, sylvan life miscellaneous filling, strangling property liana.
2）Goal tree purposes is divided：According to upgrowth situations of the Dan Mu in standing forest and Gum productivity level, Dan Mu is divided into
Breeding select tree（Dominant tree, individual plant a day Gum yield should reach more than 5g）, big-diameter wood（Dominant tree, individual plant a day Gum yield should reach 5g
Below）, resin tapping wood（Middle wood, individual plant day Gum yield should reach more than 5g）, felled tree（Middle wood and suppressed tree, individual plant daily output
Fat amount should reach below 5g）.
3）Goal tree Distribution Pattern is determined：By the use of uniform angle index as Con trolling index, make goal tree as far as possible in random
Distribution.
4）Intermediate cutting starting point is controlled：Canopy densities reach more than 0.8 and standing forest crowding be less than 0.9 when, it is necessary to right
Standing forest carries out intermediate cutting.0.6 must not be less than by cutting down rear Canopy densities, and standing forest crowding should be（0.9,1.1）Between.
5）The intensity of intermediate cutting：Using strain number intensity of intermediate cutting norm controlling, the standing forest after intermediate cutting retains strain numberWith woods before intermediate cutting
Plant division numberThe ratio between for percentage relevant with strain distance（x%）Constant：。x%=10%-15%
Low-intensity tending and intermittent cutting of forest；15%-20% is moderate strength tending and intermittent cutting of forest；41%-49% is high equal strength tending and intermittent cutting of forest.If the density of crop
It is excessive, gradually low-intensity intermediate cutting should be carried out.
6）By lumbering selection：Around different purposes goal trees, using competitive index Evaluation target tree neighboring trees to its
Competition intensity, cuts down except the neighboring trees of influence goal tree.
7）Sylvan life broad-leaved seedling more new management：Height of seedling ＞ 50cm seedling type and quantity are investigated, if >=2500 represent to update
Well；＜ 500 represents to update bad；[500,2500）Between represent to update general.For updating bad standing forest, it is necessary to which artificial mend
Native Broad-leaved Tree Species are planted, in the sufficient woods gap of illumination based on after-culture deciduous species, with evergreen species around goal tree tree crown
Based on.
5th, Management of forest stand technology
1）Periodically foster：Combine to cut down the competitive neighboring trees of goal tree per 3-4 and remove, lumbering removes unhealthy, prickly pear.
2）Tapping intensity：According to the standing forest cutting cycle, tapping intensity is determined.Resin tapping cycle >=10 year, load rate of the dipping area is not
40% must be more than, the resin tapping cycle cannot be greater than 50% in 6-9, load rate of the dipping area；The resin tapping cycle is less than 5 years, and load rate of the dipping area is not
65% must be more than.
3）Tree body is safeguarded：Repair except dead branch and the branch stake remained on trunk.
4）Lin Zhi is built in road：Lin Zhi roads width is not more than 0.5m, is set along hillside "the" shape, and should get around understory plants
Po Kan is built at nursery stock, abrupt slope, it is ensured that walking safety.
5）Seedling is updated to foster：Miscellaneous filling and competition seedling of the same race around annual 6 and 2 removing seedling of September part.
6）Skid road is built：Slash Pine Plantations build skid road, width is with skidding operation every width 50m along hillside
Vehicle can be freed in and out and is defined.
7）Intermediate cutting：Intermediate cutting trees should control to swing to, to slope under cut down close to skid road direction.Avoid pounding as far as possible
Hinder goal tree, and timber is dragged to skid road
6th, protect：
1）Forest land health maintenance：The sick rotten wood of cleaning in time, keeps forest land health；
2）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：For wet-land pine trees such as Brown Spot of Pine Needles, loose top dry, bud resinosis, dendrolimus punctatus, Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagis
Main diseases and insect pests should carry out biological control to put prevention first.
3）Forest fire：Built with reference to skid road, transplant Properties of Fire Prevention Trees, set up fire guard；Extreme weather combines meteorological pre-
Report, carries out preferential defense.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention, but the protection domain of invention is not limited thereto, any ripe
Know those skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in should all be covered
Within the protection domain of invention.
Claims (8)
1. Slash Pine Plantations reconstruct technology, it is characterised in that it is as follows that the technology includes step：
S1：The standard of Slash Pine component selections is determined, Stand investigation is carried out；
S2：Goal tree is selected and Distribution Pattern is determined；
S3:Intermediate cutting, the intensity of intermediate cutting are carried out to standing forest：Using strain number intensity of intermediate cutting norm controlling, the standing forest after intermediate cutting retains
Strain numberWith standing forest strain number before intermediate cuttingThe ratio between for percentage relevant with strain distance（x%）Constant：；
S4:Periodically foster：The competitive neighboring trees of goal tree are cut down and removed, lumbering removes unhealthy, prickly pear；
S5:Tapping intensity：According to the standing forest cutting cycle, tapping intensity is determined；
S6:Tree body is safeguarded：Repair except dead branch and the branch stake remained on trunk；
S7:Lin Zhi is built in road：Lin Zhi roads width is not more than 0.5m, is set along hillside "the" shape；
S8:Seedling is updated to foster：Miscellaneous filling and competition seedling of the same race around annual 5 and 2 removing seedling of September part；
S9:Skid road is built：Slash Pine Plantations build skid road every width 50m along hillside；
S10:Intermediate cutting：Intermediate cutting trees should control to swing to, to slope under cut down close to skid road direction；
S11:Safeguard procedures：Forest land health maintenance, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and forest fire.
2. Slash Pine Plantations according to claim 1 reconstruct technology, it is characterised in that：The determination Slash Pine sorting
The criteria factor selected includes weather conditions, landform and edaphic condition and standing forest condition.
3. Slash Pine Plantations according to claim 1 reconstruct technology, it is characterised in that：The Stand investigation includes standing forest
Distribution Pattern, standing forest crowding, Canopy densities and standing forest broad-leaved seedling update status.
4. Slash Pine Plantations according to claim 1 reconstruct technology, it is characterised in that：One and strain distance
Relevant percentage（x%）Constant is low-intensity tending and intermittent cutting of forest in 10%-15%；15%-20% is moderate strength tending and intermittent cutting of forest；41%-
49% is high equal strength tending and intermittent cutting of forest, if the density of crop is excessive, should carry out gradually low-intensity intermediate cutting.
5. Slash Pine Plantations according to claim 1 reconstruct technology, it is characterised in that：It is described to be combined per 3-4 to mesh
The competitive neighboring trees of mark tree, which are cut down, to be removed, and lumbering removes unhealthy, prickly pear.
6. Slash Pine Plantations according to claim 1 reconstruct technology, it is characterised in that：Resin tapping cycle >=10 in the S5
Year, load rate of the dipping area cannot be greater than 40%, and the resin tapping cycle cannot be greater than 50% in 6-9, load rate of the dipping area；The resin tapping cycle is less than 5
Year, load rate of the dipping area cannot be greater than 65%.
7. Slash Pine Plantations according to claim 1 reconstruct technology, it is characterised in that：S7 middle forests fat road width is not
More than 0.5m, set along hillside "the" shape, and should get around and build Po Kan at understory plants nursery stock, abrupt slope, it is ensured that walking safety.
8. Slash Pine Plantations according to claim 1 reconstruct technology, it is characterised in that：The width on skid road in the S10
Degree can be freed in and out by skidding operation vehicle to be defined.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109142259A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-01-04 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | The identification method of High yielding wet-land pine tree plant in a kind of Slash Pine |
| CN109380051A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-02-26 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of method that field labor sowing promotes Phoebe bournei seedlings regeneration |
| CN110337980A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-18 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of inefficient artificial forest intimate natural management method of Hills And Low Mountains masson pine |
| CN111466248A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-07-31 | 李建文 | Method for constructing fireproof forest belt by using material collecting channel |
| CN111713369A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-29 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for updating slash pine under forest stand |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109142259A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-01-04 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | The identification method of High yielding wet-land pine tree plant in a kind of Slash Pine |
| CN109142259B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2020-12-11 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Identification method of high-lipid-yield slash pine plants in slash pine forest |
| CN109380051A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-02-26 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of method that field labor sowing promotes Phoebe bournei seedlings regeneration |
| CN110337980A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-18 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of inefficient artificial forest intimate natural management method of Hills And Low Mountains masson pine |
| CN111466248A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-07-31 | 李建文 | Method for constructing fireproof forest belt by using material collecting channel |
| CN111713369A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-29 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for updating slash pine under forest stand |
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| CN107258468B (en) | 2020-04-10 |
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