CN114680005A - High-yield cultivation method of psammosilene tunicoides - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method of psammosilene tunicoides Download PDFInfo
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- 241001534096 Psammosilene tunicoides Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000918585 Pythium aphanidermatum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FROZIYRKKUFAOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N amobam Chemical compound N.N.SC(=S)NCCNC(S)=S FROZIYRKKUFAOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000256259 Noctuidae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920004937 Dexon® Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- IWDQPCIQCXRBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fenaminosulf Chemical compound [Na+].CN(C)C1=CC=C(N=NS([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 IWDQPCIQCXRBQP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000289763 Dasygaster padockina Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- CIWBQSYVNNPZIQ-XYWKZLDCSA-N betamethasone dipropionate Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CC)(OC(=O)CC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O CIWBQSYVNNPZIQ-XYWKZLDCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960001952 metrifonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000219321 Caryophyllaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008641 drought stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
A high-yield cultivation method of Psammosilene tunicoides selects an area with the elevation of 2100-plus 3000 m, and carries out deep plowing on a sunny gentle slope land with deep soil layer and good drainage, red soil or yellow sand soil is used as soil, and then fertilization and ridging are carried out: 3000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer 2000-plus and 16-20 kilograms of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu of land as base fertilizer, but no nitrogenous fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer can be applied; then sowing the seeds from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months every year, removing the shells of the seeds, directly sowing the seeds for seedling raising or transplanting the seeds after centralized seedling raising, performing field management, and reasonably fertilizing, irrigating and draining, weeding, and preventing diseases and pests: and harvesting seeds and roots after the psammosilene tunicoides grows to be mature. The method is particularly suitable for the geographical and climatic conditions of the five-star county region in Huizue county of Yunnan province in China, the crops can be harvested within 2-3 years, the harvested root systems are large and strong, no plant diseases and insect pests exist, and the quality is excellent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting methods of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of psammosilene tunicoides.
Background
Psammosilene tunicoides, also called single nail and single stator, is a creeping herb of perennial roots of the family Caryophyllaceae. The psammosilene tunicoides is used as a medicine by roots, is originally wild, is already an endangered plant, and is possibly limited or even forbidden to be picked and dug in the later period. With the increasing demand of medicine, the wild psammosilene tunicoides is difficult to meet the market demand, so that the psammosilene tunicoides is gradually acclimatized into artificial cultivation. The psammosilene tunicoides in China is cultivated in different geographical environments, different cultivation technologies are adopted, the obtained cultivation effects are greatly different, and if the cultivation method is not scientific and reasonable, rhizomes are difficult to grow, the yield and the quality are reduced, and the market value is low.
The original distribution area of the psammosilene tunicoides is obvious in dry and wet seasons, the psammosilene tunicoides is arid in winter and spring, the altitude is in a 900-plus-3800-meter zone, the soil is compact, dry and barren limestone sandy loam or red loam, and the soil is mostly distributed along dry and hot valleys. The Psammosilene tunicoides is a plant with the advantages of good weather resistance and drought resistance. Five-star county in Huizhou county in Yunnan province of China is located in the northwest of the Huizhou county, the average altitude is 2230 m, the annual average temperature is 12.3 ℃, the annual rainfall capacity is 600 plus 800mm, the climatic conditions are very suitable for the growth of the psammosilene tunicoides, but the quality and the yield of the psammosilene tunicoides planted are difficult to guarantee due to the fact that no suitable planting technology exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the difference of the prior art and provides a high-yield cultivation method of psammosilene tunicoides, which is particularly suitable for five-star county regions in China, Yunnan province and Huizui county.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-yield cultivation method of Psammosilene tunicoides comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a region with an altitude of 2100-3000 m, wherein the sunny region and the deep soil layer have good drainage and the soil is a sunny gentle slope land with red soil or yellow sandy soil;
(2) plowing and soil preparation: firstly, deeply ploughing, wherein the depth of the ploughing is more than 30cm, and ploughing and harrowing are carried out to meet the agricultural requirements of fine soil leveling and no stubble sundries;
(3) fertilizing and ridging: uniformly applying 3000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer 2000 and 16-20 kilograms of potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu of land, but not applying nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer; then ditching and ridging according to the standard of large row spacing of 120 cm, wherein the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow depth is 20cm, the ridge width is 80 cm, and the thickness of the soil on the ridge surface is kept;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: sowing at the beginning of 4 months to 5 months every year, removing the shells of the seeds, directly sowing the seeds for seedling culture or transplanting the seeds after centralized seedling culture, sowing 1.4-1.5 kg seeds per mu, sowing 1100 plus 1300 seeds per square meter, covering soil after sowing, covering a layer of pine hair, covering a non-woven net, watering thoroughly, and keeping a seedbed moist;
if direct seeding is used for seedling raising, after seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out when the height of the seedlings reaches 10cm, and 1 strong seedling is left at each point;
if the centralized seedling raising is carried out, a small shed is adopted for seedling raising, the temperature in the shed is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 50% -60%; transplanting after seedling raising, wherein 3 transplanting occasions can be selected, namely transplanting in 7-8 months every year, transplanting after the overground part withers at the end of autumn, and transplanting before germination in the beginning of spring of the second year; the row spacing of the transplanted plants is 10cm multiplied by 20cm, and the roots must be fully unfolded and cannot be bent during transplanting; after transplanting, thoroughly watering root fixing water, covering a layer of loose hair, and covering a non-woven net;
(5) and (3) field management:
fertilizing: taking a base fertilizer as a main part, applying a proper amount of additional fertilizer, and applying 900 and 1100 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu of additional fertilizer;
and (3) irrigation and drainage: spraying water every day after sowing to keep the soil moist; watering in the seedling stage is carried out on the principle of no drought, the watering frequency is flexibly controlled, and the soil humidity is kept between 28 and 32 percent; the drainage is enhanced in rainy season, and waterlogging is prevented;
weeding: pulling out the weeds when the weeds are seen in the seedling stage, weeding with a special herbicide at the seedling stage and the field stage at proper time, and manually pulling out the weeds when the special herbicide is not killed;
disease and pest control: the first is agricultural prevention and control: deeply digging a furrow to ensure smooth drainage, removing weeds in time and keeping good field ventilation; secondly, chemical prevention and control: pesticide is adopted to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests;
(6) harvesting: the harvest of psammosilene tunicoides is seed and root:
seed collection: harvesting seed hulls in time when the seed hulls become yellow brown, shearing off the seeds and twigs, and removing impurities and seed hulls after drying;
root harvesting: collecting root systems when the Psammosilene tunicoides is planted in 2-3 years, digging out straight roots one by one on sunny days when the plants wither, cleaning, scraping off the outer skin, and drying in the sun.
Further, in the stage of seeding and seedling raising, soil is covered, pine needles are covered, water is watered thoroughly, and then a mulching film is covered.
Further, the pesticide is adopted to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests, the seedbed is disinfected by 1000 times of liquid of fenaminosulf 500-sodium for damping off, the roots are irrigated after seedling emergence, and the roots are directly immersed for prevention and control during transplantation; for the leaf spot, 1000 times of solution of thiophanate methyl or amobam is used for spray prevention and control; for root rot, the root is irrigated with 1000 times of dikesong or Yunpu No. 1 800-; the pest control is to control cutworms, dipterex is sprayed on soil before sowing or transplanting, and the mixed toxic soil is used for controlling in a field period.
The method is particularly suitable for the geographical and climatic conditions of five-star county regions in Huizu county of Yunnan province in China, the crops can be harvested within 2-3 years, the harvested root systems are large and strong, no plant diseases and insect pests exist, the quality is good, the yield of the root systems per mu (fresh products) can reach more than 400 kilograms, 75 kilograms of dry products can be produced after air drying, and the yield value of the root systems per mu can be 16875 yuan according to the guaranteed purchase price of 225 yuan per kilogram at the current market price. 15 kilograms of seeds can be harvested per mu, the yield value of the seeds per mu can be 4500 yuan calculated according to 300 yuan per kilogram, the two items are summed up, the yield value of the psammosilene tunicoides per mu can be 21375 yuan, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The high-yield cultivation method of the psammosilene tunicoides comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a region with an altitude of 2100-3000 m, wherein the sunny region and the deep soil layer have good drainage and the soil is a sunny gentle slope land with red soil or yellow sandy soil; the specific planting field is five-star county dry pine forest village in Huizue county of Yunnan province;
(2) plowing and soil preparation: the land needs to be ploughed deeply, the depth of the ploughing is more than 30cm, two ploughs and two rakes are carried out, and the agricultural requirements of fine land leveling and no stubble sundries are met;
(3) fertilizing and ridging: about 2500 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer and 18 kilograms of potassium fertilizer are uniformly applied to each mu of land as base fertilizers, but no nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer can be applied, otherwise, the psammosilene tunicoides does not grow roots and only grows the overground part, and the yield is reduced; then ditching and ridging according to the standard of large row spacing of 120 cm, wherein the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow depth is 20cm, the ridge width is 80 cm, and the thickness of the soil on the ridge surface is kept;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: sowing at the beginning of 4 to 5 months every year, removing the shells of the seeds, directly sowing and raising seedlings, sowing 1.4-1.5 kg seeds per mu, sowing about 1200 seeds per square meter, covering soil after sowing, covering a layer of loose hair, covering a non-woven net, watering thoroughly, and keeping the seedbed moist. After seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out when the height of the seedling reaches 10cm, and 1 strong seedling is remained at each point. The direct seeding mode is mainly straight, and the product quality is good;
(5) field management:
fertilizing: the base fertilizer is used as a main material, a proper amount of additional fertilizer is applied, and 1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of additional fertilizer;
and (3) irrigation and drainage: spraying water every day after sowing to keep the soil moist; watering in the seedling stage is carried out on the principle of no drought, the watering frequency is flexibly controlled, and the soil humidity is kept between 28 and 32 percent; drainage is enhanced in rainy season, and waterlogging is prevented;
weeding: pulling out the weeds when the weeds are seen in the seedling stage, weeding with a special herbicide at the seedling stage and the field stage at proper time, and manually pulling out the weeds when the special herbicide is not killed;
disease and pest control: the diseases of psammosilene tunicoides mainly include damping off, leaf spot, root rot and other diseases, and the control is mainly carried out by prevention, and the agricultural control and the chemical control are combined. Firstly, agricultural prevention and control: deeply digging a furrow to ensure smooth drainage, timely removing weeds and keeping good field ventilation; secondly, chemical prevention and treatment: sterilizing the seedbed by using 500-times liquid of fenaminosulf and 1000-times liquid for damping off, irrigating roots after seedling emergence, and directly soaking the roots for prevention and control during transplanting; the leaf spot is prevented and treated by 1000 times of liquid spray of thiophanate methyl or amobam aqueous solution; root rot is prevented by irrigating roots with diprospan or 800-; the insect pest is mainly cutworm, and is prevented by spraying pesticide such as trichlorfon on soil before sowing or transplanting, and can be prevented by mixing with poisonous soil in field period.
(6) Harvesting: the harvest of psammosilene tunicoides is seed and root:
seed collection: harvesting seed hulls in time when the seed hulls become yellow brown, shearing off the seeds and twigs, and removing impurities and seed hulls after drying;
root harvesting: collecting root systems when the Psammosilene tunicoides is planted in 2-3 years, digging out straight roots one by one on sunny days when the plants wither, cleaning, scraping off the outer skin, and drying in the sun.
Example 2
A high-yield cultivation method of Psammosilene tunicoides comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a sunny gentle slope land with the elevation of 2100-3000 m, sunny exposure, thick soil layer and good drainage, wherein the soil is red soil or yellow sandy soil;
(2) plowing and soil preparation: deeply ploughing, wherein the depth of the ploughing is more than 30cm, and carrying out two ploughs and two rakes to meet the agricultural requirements of fine soil leveling and no stubble sundries;
(3) fertilizing and ridging: 3000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer and 16 kilograms of potash fertilizer are uniformly applied to each mu of land as base fertilizers, and nitrogen fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers cannot be applied; then ditching and ridging according to the standard of large row spacing of 120 cm, wherein the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow depth is 20cm, the ridge width is 80 cm, and the thickness of the soil on the ridge surface is kept;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: sowing the seeds from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months every year, removing the shells of the seeds, and transplanting the seeds after centralized seedling culture. Adopting a small shed for seedling culture, using 1.5 kilograms of seeds per mu, sowing 1100-plus-1300 seeds per square meter, covering soil after sowing, covering a layer of loose hair, covering a non-woven net, watering thoroughly, and keeping a seedbed moist; controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 50% -60%; transplanting in 7-8 months per year after seedling cultivation; the row spacing of transplanted plants is 10cm multiplied by 20cm, and the roots must be fully unfolded and cannot be bent during transplanting so as to prevent the main roots from branching and affecting the product quality; after transplanting, thoroughly watering root fixing water, and covering a layer of pine needles;
(5) field management:
fertilizing: taking a base fertilizer as a main material, applying a proper amount of additional fertilizer, and applying 900 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu of additional fertilizer;
and (3) irrigation and drainage: spraying water every day after sowing to keep the soil moist; watering in the seedling stage by using a principle of no drought stress, flexibly controlling watering times and keeping the soil humidity to be 28-32%; drainage is enhanced in rainy season, and waterlogging is prevented;
weeding: pulling out the weeds when the weeds are seen in the seedling stage, weeding with a special herbicide at the seedling stage and the field stage at proper time, and manually pulling out the weeds when the special herbicide is not killed;
disease and pest control: firstly, agricultural prevention and control: deeply digging a furrow to ensure smooth drainage, timely removing weeds and keeping good field ventilation; secondly, chemical prevention and treatment: adopting pesticide to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests; thirdly, insect pest control;
(6) harvesting: seed and root picking: harvesting seed hull in time when the seed hull turns yellow brown, shearing off the seeds and twigs together, and removing impurities and seed hulls after drying. And (4) when the plants grow to the 3 rd year, in 11 months, when the plants wither, selecting a sunny day to collect root systems, digging out straight roots one by one, cleaning, scraping off outer skins, and drying in the sun.
Example 3
The high-yield cultivation method of the psammosilene tunicoides comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a sunny gentle slope land with the elevation of 2100-3000 m, sunny exposure, thick soil layer and good drainage, wherein the soil is red soil or yellow sandy soil;
(2) plowing and soil preparation: deeply ploughing, wherein the depth of the ploughing is more than 30cm, and carrying out two ploughs and two rakes to meet the agricultural requirements of fine soil leveling and no stubble sundries;
(3) fertilizing and ridging: about 2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 20 kg of potash fertilizer are uniformly applied to each mu of land as base fertilizers, and no nitrogenous fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer can be applied; then ditching and ridging according to the standard of large row spacing of 120 cm, wherein the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow depth is 20cm, the ridge width is 80 cm, and the thickness of the soil on the ridge surface is kept;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: sowing the seeds from the bottom of 4 months to the beginning of 5 months every year, removing the shells of the seeds, and transplanting the seeds after centralized seedling culture. The method adopts a small shed for seedling culture, 1.5 kilograms of seeds are used per mu, 1100 plus seeds are sown per square meter, the seeds are covered with soil after being sowed, a layer of pine hair is covered, then a net is not woven, then the seeds are watered thoroughly, the seedbed is kept moist, and then mulching films are immediately covered on the seeds, so that the moisture is preserved, the emergence of seedlings is facilitated, the first weeds are removed, and the weeds can be pulled out before the psammosilene tunicoides seedlings grow out because the weeds grow out firstly. Controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to be 20-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 50% -60%; transplanting the seedlings after withering the overground part at the end of autumn, wherein the row spacing of the transplanted plants is 10cm multiplied by 20cm, and the roots must be fully stretched and cannot be bent during transplanting; after transplanting, thoroughly watering root fixing water, and covering a layer of pine needles;
(5) field management:
fertilizing: taking a base fertilizer as a main material, applying a proper amount of additional fertilizer, and applying 900 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu of additional fertilizer;
and (3) irrigation and drainage: spraying water every day after sowing to keep the soil moist; watering in the seedling stage is carried out on the principle of no drought, the watering frequency is flexibly controlled, and the soil humidity is kept between 28 and 32 percent; drainage is enhanced in rainy season, and waterlogging is prevented;
weeding: pulling out the weeds when the weeds appear in the seedling stage, weeding by using a special herbicide in the seedling stage and the field stage at proper time, and manually pulling out the weeds when the special herbicide cannot kill the weeds;
disease and pest control: firstly, agricultural prevention and control: deeply digging a furrow to ensure smooth drainage, timely removing weeds and keeping good field ventilation; secondly, chemical prevention and treatment: sterilizing the seedbed by 1000 times of the solution of the fenaminosulf 500-sodium and 1000 times of the solution for damping off, irrigating roots after seedling emergence, and directly soaking the roots for prevention and control during transplanting; the leaf spot is prevented and treated by 1000 times of liquid spray of thiophanate methyl or amobam aqueous solution; root rot is prevented by irrigating roots with diprospan or 800-; the insect pest is mainly cutworm, and is prevented by spraying pesticide such as trichlorfon on soil before sowing or transplanting, and can be prevented by mixing with poisonous soil in field period.
(6) Harvesting: seed and root harvesting. Harvesting seed hull in time when the seed hull turns yellow brown, shearing off the seeds and twigs together, and removing impurities and seed hulls after drying. And (3) when the plants grow to the 3 rd year, in 11 months, collecting root systems on sunny days when the plants wither, digging out straight roots one by one, cleaning, scraping off outer skins, and drying in the sun.
Claims (3)
1. A high-yield cultivation method of psammosilene tunicoides is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting a region with the altitude of 2100 + 3000 meters, wherein the sunny and soil layers are deep, the drainage is good, and the soil is a sunny gentle slope land of red soil or yellow sandy soil;
(2) plowing and soil preparation: firstly, deeply ploughing, wherein the depth of the ploughing is more than 30cm, and ploughing and harrowing are carried out to meet the agricultural requirements of fine soil leveling and no stubble sundries;
(3) fertilizing and ridging: uniformly applying 3000 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer 2000 and 16-20 kilograms of potassium fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu of land, but not applying nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer; then ditching and ridging according to the standard of large row spacing of 120 cm, wherein the furrow width is 30cm, the furrow depth is 20cm, the ridge width is 80 cm, and the thickness of the soil on the ridge surface is kept;
(4) sowing and seedling raising: sowing at the beginning of 4 months to 5 months every year, removing the shells of the seeds, directly sowing the seeds for seedling culture or transplanting the seeds after centralized seedling culture, sowing 1.4-1.5 kg seeds per mu, sowing 1100 plus 1300 seeds per square meter, covering soil after sowing, covering a layer of pine hair, covering a non-woven net, watering thoroughly, and keeping a seedbed moist;
if direct seeding is used for seedling raising, after seedling emergence, thinning and final singling are carried out when the height of the seedlings reaches 10cm, and 1 strong seedling is left at each point;
if the centralized seedling raising is carried out, a small shed is adopted for seedling raising, the temperature in the shed is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 50-60%; transplanting after seedling raising, wherein 3 transplanting occasions can be selected, namely transplanting in 7-8 months every year, transplanting after overground parts wither at the end of autumn, and transplanting before germination in the beginning of spring in the second year; the row spacing of the transplanted plants is 10cm multiplied by 20cm, and the roots must be fully unfolded and cannot be bent during transplanting; after transplanting, the root fixing water is thoroughly poured, and the non-woven net is covered, so that the benefit is brought to moisture preservation.
(5) Field management:
fertilizing: taking a base fertilizer as a main component, applying a proper amount of additional fertilizer, and applying 900 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu of additional fertilizer;
and (3) irrigation and drainage: spraying water every day after sowing to keep the soil moist; watering in the seedling stage is carried out on the principle of no drought, the watering frequency is flexibly controlled, and the soil humidity is kept between 28 and 32 percent; drainage is enhanced in rainy season, and waterlogging is prevented;
weeding: pulling out the weeds when the weeds are seen in the seedling stage, weeding with a special herbicide at the seedling stage and the field stage at proper time, and manually pulling out the weeds when the special herbicide is not killed;
disease and pest control: firstly, agricultural prevention and control: deeply digging a furrow to ensure smooth drainage, timely removing weeds and keeping good field ventilation; secondly, chemical prevention and treatment: and (3) adopting pesticides to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.
(6) Harvesting: the harvest of psammosilene tunicoides is seed and root:
seed collection: harvesting seed hulls in time when the seed hulls become yellow brown, shearing off the seeds and twigs, and removing impurities and seed hulls after drying;
root harvesting: collecting root systems when the Psammosilene tunicoides is planted in 2-3 years, digging out straight roots one by one on sunny days when the plants wither, cleaning, scraping off the outer skin, and drying in the sun.
2. The high-yield cultivation method of psammosilene tunicoides according to claim 1, characterized in that in the stage of sowing and seedling raising, soil is covered, pine wool is covered, water is watered, and then a non-woven net is covered.
3. The high-yield cultivation method of Psammosilene tunicoides as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said pesticide is used for controlling plant diseases and insect pests, and for damping-off, 1000 times liquid of dexon 500-sodium benzoate is used for sterilizing the seedbed, and the root is irrigated after seedling emergence, and the root is directly soaked for prevention and control during transplantation; for the leaf spot, 1000 times of solution of thiophanate methyl or amobam is used for spray prevention and control; for root rot, the root is irrigated with 1000 times of dikesong or Yunpu No. 1 800-; the pest control is to control cutworms, dipterex is sprayed on soil for prevention before sowing or transplanting, and the soil is mixed with poisonous soil for control in a field period.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103766122A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-05-07 | 丽江益草生物资源开发有限责任公司 | Psammosilene tunicoides cultivation method |
| CN104541844A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-29 | 宣威市德熙生物科技有限公司 | Open cultivation method for wild psammosilene tunicoides |
| CN107241989A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-10-13 | 寻甸江君种养殖专业合作社 | Tuniclike psammosilene root implantation methods |
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| CN104541844A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-29 | 宣威市德熙生物科技有限公司 | Open cultivation method for wild psammosilene tunicoides |
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