CN109757237A - Column fruit tree shaping clipping device and its pruning method - Google Patents
Column fruit tree shaping clipping device and its pruning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109757237A CN109757237A CN201910164618.4A CN201910164618A CN109757237A CN 109757237 A CN109757237 A CN 109757237A CN 201910164618 A CN201910164618 A CN 201910164618A CN 109757237 A CN109757237 A CN 109757237A
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Abstract
It include chassis the present invention relates to a kind of column fruit tree shaping clipping device, hoisting mechanism, rack gear, gear, driving motor, rotating platform and cutting mechanism, chassis includes bottom plate, moving wheel, first column, second column, guide chute and support base, hoisting mechanism includes first support, second support, connecting rod, guiding rail and fixed platform, drive wheel and rack engaged transmission to drive hoisting mechanism to move along a straight line along guide chute by driving motor, rotating platform is set to the middle position of fixed platform, and cutting mechanism is fixedly installed on rotating platform, it is designed by the structure to clipping device, improve the efficiency of trimming operation, the trimming demand of column fruit tree may be implemented, and mechanism is simple, it is easy to use.Simultaneously the present invention also provides a kind of column fruit tree shaping pruning method, the yield that this method is conducive to improve column fruit tree unit area is made that positive contribution for the development for promoting China's Apple Industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pruning fruit tree technical field, in particular to a kind of column fruit tree shaping clipping device and its trimming side
Method.
Background technique
The tall anvil coronule of application dredges layer shape, the dwarfing stock spindle and slender spindle like currently promoted to China's Apple Culture mostly
Development is very fast.The Apple Culture new technology that column apple has risen since being this century is further to realize intensive, scale
Change, the new ant algorithms of mechanization Efficient Cultivation.Only a small number of R&D institutions and the cultivation of new and high technology development park scale at present.Column
The unique column of shape apple is tree-like, takes the close cultivation of superelevation, general 667m2(mu) is colonized 550-750 plants, is conventional Qiao Huayuan
12-16 times, 6-8 times for downgrading garden increases substantially yield per unit area, and is conducive to power choring management operation, has
Vast potential for future development.
Summary of the invention
For above situation, the present invention provides a kind of column fruit tree shaping clipping device and its pruning method, by repairing
The structure design for cutting device, improves the efficiency of trimming operation, the trimming demand of column fruit tree may be implemented, and mechanism is simple,
It is easy to use, while according to the characteristics of column fruit tree and growth characteristics, sum up a kind of fairly perfect column fruit tree shaping
Pruning method, the yield that this method is conducive to improve column fruit tree unit area are made for the development for promoting China's Apple Industry
Positive contribution.
The present invention provides a kind of column fruit tree shaping clipping device, including chassis, hoisting mechanism, rack gear, gear, driving electricity
Machine, rotating platform and cutting mechanism, the chassis include bottom plate, moving wheel, the first column, the second column, guide chute and branch
Seat is supportted, the moving wheel is fixedly installed in the edge of the lower surface of base plate, and first column and the second column are set respectively
In the first end and second end of the plate upper surface, and the first side and second side of first column and the second column
It is equipped with the guide chute, the support base is fixed at the first end of first column；The hoisting mechanism includes the
One bracket, second support, connecting rod, guiding rail and fixed platform, the first support and second support pass through the connection
Bar is fixedly connected, and the first end of the first support and second support is equipped with the guiding rail, and the guiding rail is sliding
Dynamic to be installed in the guide chute, the fixed platform is fixed at the second end of the first support and second support；
The rack gear is set to the first side of the first support, and the gear is installed on the support base and engages with the rack gear
The first end of transmission, the drive shaft is connect by shaft coupling with the driving motor；And the rotating platform is set on described
The middle position of fixed platform, and the cutting mechanism is fixedly installed on the rotating platform.
Further, the cutting mechanism includes the first shear arm, the second shear arm, connection pin shaft, hold-down support, support
Pin shaft and driving device, first shear arm and the second shear arm are rotatablely connected by the connection pin shaft, and described first cuts
The first end of tool arm is equipped with limited post, and the first end of second shear arm is equipped with driving bearing pin, and the hold-down support passes through institute
The first end for stating support pin shaft and the driving device is rotatablely connected, and the second end of the driving device passes through the driving bearing pin
Second shear arm is driven to rotate predetermined angle around the connection pin shaft.
Preferably, the driving device using fluid pressure drive device drive, can also using electric transmission machanism transmission or
Pneumatic actuator transmission.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of column fruit tree shaping pruning method of column fruit tree shaping clipping device, packet
Include following steps:
S1, plant determine dry finishing and cut: taking corresponding method to handle according to the quality of plant after field planting, not for strong plant
Add and cut, make its terminal bud continued growth, the plant of long potential difference is cut at its sturdy section of full bud by the cutting mechanism
It cuts, enhances the growing way of elongated central branch；
S2, growth period trimming: when plant enters growth period, need to carve bud promote branch, remove enriching shoot, density squeeze branch and
The fruit-bearing shoot cluster of multipolarization is cultivated, and controls the height of plant；
S3, dormant pruning: when plant enters dormant period, the cutting mechanism is driven to prolong the center of long potential difference plant
Long shoot is cut, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster is adjusted, and balances the height between plant；And
Trim after S4, forming: the growing way of adjusted result branch group adjusts flower amount, and flower and fruit thinning is cooperated to keep load reasonable.
Further, growth period trimming the following steps are included:
S21, it carves bud rush branch: when seedling rudiment, carving a bud every 7-10cm at the scarce bud of center branch；
S22, dredge enriching shoot, go competition, strong center: the cutting mechanism cut after elongated central branch, to remove under clip
The second bud branch, third bud branch, center branch is slow puts the Secondary Branch grown on the competitive branch and elongated central branch that rear top is grown
Enriching shoot, the young sprout on the following trunk of ground 30-40cm of adjusting the distance are removed again when growing to 15-20cm or more；
S23, continuously cut the compact fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture multipolarity: branch young sprout on the branch of center it is long to 15-20cm when,
Retain 10cm and cut at its lower bud by the cutting mechanism, allows its underpart to inspire brachyplast and form bud, minority is grown
Thinner branch's young sprout, it is long to 30cm or more when take pinching control to promote strong young sprout, stay 10cm to cut again after young sprout thickening；
S24, density squeeze branch: crowded phenomenon close to the brachyplast of formation, take and meet two to go between one method to dredge；
S25, branch group are bounced back and are removed: being bounced back in time to the stronger branch group of growing way on trunk, and to excessively sturdy branch
Group will remove in time, while after branch group removes, and want timely Bao Yan to the wound of diameter 1cm or more；
High balance is set between S26, plant: its tree body height will be controlled to the stronger plant of growing way, high plant is wanted when cutting
Staying 10cm than low plant more；
S27, control tree are high: when plant elongated central branch young sprout reaches 3.5m or more, the driving motor drives the gear
It drives the hoisting mechanism that the cutting mechanism is moved at column fruit tree 3.4m, is cut in time by the cutting mechanism
Control tree is high, while staying elongated central branch young sprout, stays 10cm to cut when top grows young sprout again, and control plant height exists
3.5m；
S28, band girdle lose money instead of making money skin, girdling: when tree body height reaches 3m or more, strong to growing way prosperous and plant that the amount of spending is less
Strain, takes trunk band girdle to lose money instead of making money skin technology；And
S29, later period go tender tip, pinching control crown diameter: growth period enters July, when the cutting mechanism prolongs branch group early period
After the completion of extending shoot is cut, branch young sprout is extended to the updip that grows again with the interior tender young sprout of children newly grown of coming of age, it is long to 3-5cm when
To remove in time, to angle put down it is oblique and it is not dormant extend branch young sprout it is long to 10cm when take pinching control plant crown diameter
Expand.
Further, the dormant pruning the following steps are included:
The trimming of S31, elongated central branch: being not added the elongated central branch for growing sturdy and cut, the plant poor to growing way
It is intended to cut at the full bud of 1cm of elongated central branch top rugosity by the cutting mechanism in 3-4, it is fast in tree body height
When reaching 3m height, it can be cut at the 0.6-0.8cm of rugosity；
The adjustment of S32, fruit-bearing shoot cluster: continuously cutting the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture to growth period, to remove back branch and autumn growth
Branch, thin closeer sprig and more no flower bud branch, the no flower bud branch for the branch group apex that bounces back；And
Balance between S33, branch group and tree body: again to tree body and fruitful branch on the basis of growth period trimming tree body balance
Group is balanced, and to biggish branch group, to carry out retraction processing, and take meet two into one method between sparse branching group.
Preferably, the center-pole young sprout branch of the respective growth skew uses bamboo pole or straight rod and the bondage of its underpart center-pole
Draw just.
Preferably, the trunk band girdle loses money instead of making money skin technology, and the band girdle time is advisable in the middle ten days and the last ten days in June, away from ground on trunk
Band girdle is carried out at the 20-30cm of face and loses money instead of making money skin, and band girdle width is 1cm, and band girdle timely uses the modern designs of plastics Bao Yanzha after the completion of losing money instead of making money skin
Tightly, wrapping film is released after 20 days, to growth partially by force at spending less, band girdle to lose money instead of making money the still lower plant of percentage of fertile fruit after skin, second year
One to four road girdling is taken to control according to different growing ways.
Preferably, when the trimming to elongated central branch, clip bud will stay in orientation windward.
The features of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
1, the present invention is designed by the structure to clipping device, and the trimming demand of column fruit tree may be implemented, improve simultaneously
The efficiency of trimming operation, and mechanism is simple, it is easy to use.
2, the present invention can carry out intensive cultivating, generally be colonized 600-800 per acre according to the tree-like feature of column fruit tree
Strain, is 12-16 times of conventional Qiao Huayuan, yield per unit area is greatly improved in 6-8 times for downgrading garden, while improving cultivated
The utilization rate on ground, and be conducive to power choring management operation, there is vast potential for future development.
3, column fruit tree shaping pruning method provided by the invention, column fruit tree crown diameter is small, only stays a central backbone
Branch can continuously cut the compact fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture multipolarization on center is dry, there is shaping to be easy, pruning technique it is simple,
It is easy to the characteristics of grasping.
4, column fruit tree of the invention, center is dry crude strong, and limb increases than relationship, no longer needs to set up pylon support bondage
It is fixed, the expenses such as artificial can be greatly reduced, improve its economic benefit, for the development for promoting China's Apple Industry, make
Positive contribution.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the whole assembling schematic diagram of column fruit tree shaping clipping device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the chassis schematic diagram of column fruit tree shaping clipping device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the hoisting mechanism schematic diagram of column fruit tree shaping clipping device of the present invention；And
Fig. 4 is the cutting mechanism schematic diagram of column fruit tree shaping clipping device of the present invention.
Main appended drawing reference:
Chassis 1；Bottom plate 11；Moving wheel 12；First column 13；Second column 14；Guide chute 15；Support base 16；It is promoted
Mechanism 2；First support 21；Second support 22；Connecting rod 23；Guiding rail 24；Fixed platform 25；Rack gear 3；Gear 4；Driving electricity
Machine 5；Rotating platform 6；Cutting mechanism 7；First shear arm 71；Limited post 711；Second shear arm 72；Driving bearing pin 721；Connection
Pin shaft 73；Hold-down support 74；Support pin shaft 75；Driving device 76；Drive shaft 8.
Specific embodiment
By the technology contents of the detailed present invention, structure feature, reach purpose and efficacy, below with reference to Figure of description
It is described in detail.
The present invention provides a kind of column fruit tree shaping clipping device, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, including chassis 1, hoisting mechanism 2,
Rack gear 3, gear 4, driving motor 5, rotating platform 6 and cutting mechanism 7, chassis 1 include bottom plate 11, moving wheel 12, the first column
13, the second column 14, guide chute 15 and support base 16, moving wheel 12 are fixedly installed in the edge of 11 lower surface of bottom plate, the
One column 13 and the second column 14 are respectively arranged on the first end and second end of 11 upper surface of bottom plate, and the first column 13 and second is vertical
The first side and second side of column 14 are equipped with guide chute 15, and support base 16 is fixed at the first end of the first column 13.
As shown in figure 3, hoisting mechanism 2 includes first support 21, second support 22, connecting rod 23, guiding rail 24 and consolidates
Fixed platform 25, first support 21 and second support 22 are fixedly connected by connecting rod 23, and first support 21 and second support 22
First end be equipped with guiding rail 24, guiding rail 24 is slidably mounted in guide chute 15, and fixed platform 25 is fixed at
The second end of first support 21 and second support 22.
Specifically, rack gear 3 is set to the first side of first support 21, gear 4 is installed on support base 16 and nibbles with rack gear 3
Transmission is closed, the first end of drive shaft 8 is connect by shaft coupling with driving motor 5, for realizing the adjusting of different cutting ranges；With
And rotating platform 6 is set to the middle position of fixed platform 25, and cutting mechanism 7 is fixedly installed on rotating platform 6, may be implemented
Cutting mechanism 7 cuts the fruit tree branch of different directions.
As shown in figure 4, cutting mechanism 7 includes the first shear arm 71, the second shear arm 72, connection pin shaft 73, hold-down support
74, pin shaft 75 and driving device 76 are supported, the first shear arm 71 and the second shear arm 72 are rotatablely connected by connection pin shaft 73, the
The first end of one shear arm 71 is equipped with limited post 711, and the first end of the second shear arm 72 is equipped with driving bearing pin 721, hold-down support
74 are rotatablely connected by the first end of support pin shaft 75 and driving device 76, and the second end of driving device 76 passes through driving bearing pin
721 the second shear arms 72 of driving rotate predetermined angle around connection pin shaft 73.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of column fruit tree shaping pruning method of column fruit tree shaping clipping device, packet
Include following steps:
S1, plant determine dry finishing and cut: taking corresponding method to handle according to the quality of plant after field planting, not for strong plant
Add and cut, make its terminal bud continued growth, the plant of long potential difference is cut at its sturdy section of full bud by cutting mechanism 7,
Enhance the growing way of elongated central branch；
S2, growth period trimming: when plant enters growth period, need to carve bud promote branch, remove enriching shoot, density squeeze branch and
The fruit-bearing shoot cluster of multipolarization is cultivated, and controls the height of plant；
S3, dormant pruning: when plant enters dormant period, the elongated central of 7 pairs of cutting mechanism long potential difference plant is driven
Branch is cut, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster is adjusted, and balances the height between plant；And
Trim after S4, forming: the growing way of adjusted result branch group adjusts flower amount, and flower and fruit thinning is cooperated to keep load reasonable.
Further, growth period trimming the following steps are included:
S21, it carves bud rush branch: when seedling rudiment, a bud is carved every 7-10cm at the scarce bud of center branch, so that on the limb of center
Branch group layout is uniformly plentiful；
S22, dredge enriching shoot, go competition, strong center: cutting mechanism 7 cut after elongated central branch, to remove the under clip
Two bud branches, third bud branch, center branch, which delay, puts the Secondary Branch enriching shoot grown on the competitive branch and elongated central branch that rear top is grown,
The growing way of influence center branch is avoided, while promoting the growth of elongated central young sprout, while the following trunk of ground 30-40cm of adjusting the distance
On young sprout removed when growing to 15-20cm or more again；
S23, continuously cut the compact fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture multipolarity: branch young sprout on the branch of center it is long to 15-20cm when,
Retain 10cm and cut at its lower bud by cutting mechanism 7, allows its underpart to inspire brachyplast and form bud, this is conducive to cultivate compact
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster, grow thinner branch's young sprouts simultaneously for minority, it is long to 30cm or more when take pinching control to promote strong young sprout,
10cm is stayed to cut again after young sprout thickening, this advantageously forms bud；
S24, density squeeze branch: crowded phenomenon close to the brachyplast of formation, take and meet two to go between one method to dredge, this is conducive to branch
There is sufficient illumination space between item, removes the consumption for causing nutrient again after avoiding long greatly enhance slightly；
S25, branch group are bounced back and are removed: being bounced back in time to the stronger branch group of growing way on trunk, and to excessively sturdy branch
Group will remove in time, while after branch group removes, and want timely Bao Yan to the wound of diameter 1cm or more, this is conducive to gradually form
Growing way between compact fruit-bearing shoot cluster and balance branch group；
High balance is set between S26, plant: its tree body height will be controlled to the stronger plant of growing way, high plant is wanted when cutting
10cm being stayed than low plant, so that plant height growth reaches purpose similar in consistent and tree crown more；
S27, control tree are high: when plant elongated central branch young sprout reaches 3.5m or more, driving motor 5 drives the drive of gear 4 to mention
Rising mechanism 2 is moved to cutting mechanism 7 at column fruit tree 3.4m, it is high to cut control tree in time by cutting mechanism 7, while not
Elongated central branch young sprout is being stayed, is staying 10cm to cut when top grows young sprout again, is controlling plant height in 3.5m；
S28, band girdle lose money instead of making money skin, girdling: when tree body height reaches 3m or more, strong to growing way prosperous and plant that the amount of spending is less
Strain, take trunk band girdle to lose money instead of making money skin technology, the band girdle time is advisable in the middle ten days and the last ten days in June, on trunk away from the 20-30cm of ground into
Row band girdle loses money instead of making money skin, and band girdle width is 1cm, and band girdle, which is lost money instead of making money, to be timely used the modern designs of plastics Bao Yan after the completion of skin and tighten, and releases after 20 days
Film is wrapped up, to growth partially by force at spending less, band girdle to lose money instead of making money the still lower plant of percentage of fertile fruit after skin, second year is according to different growing ways
One to four road girdling is taken to control；And
S29, later period go tender tip, pinching control crown diameter: growth period enters July, when cutting mechanism 7 extends branch group early period
After the completion of young sprout is cut, branch young sprout is extended to the updip that grows again with the interior tender young sprout of children newly grown of coming of age, it is long to 3-5cm when want
Remove in time, to angle put down it is oblique and it is not dormant extend branch young sprout it is long to 10cm when take the expansion of pinching control plant crown diameter
Greatly, for reducing the consumption of nutrient.
Further, dormant pruning the following steps are included:
The trimming of S31, elongated central branch: being not added the elongated central branch for growing sturdy and cut, the plant poor to growing way
It is intended to cut at the full bud of 1cm of elongated central branch top rugosity by cutting mechanism 7 in 3-4, elongated central branch is repaired
When cutting, clip bud will stay in orientation windward, to keep the strong vertical growth of elongated central branch, reach 3m height fastly in tree body height
When, it can be cut at the 0.6-0.8cm of rugosity, it is made to slow down growing way, progressively reach the tree body height of 3.5m；
The adjustment of S32, fruit-bearing shoot cluster: continuously cutting the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture to growth period, to remove back branch and autumn growth
Branch, thin closeer sprig and more no flower bud branch, the no flower bud branch for the branch group apex that bounces back；And
Balance between S33, branch group and tree body: again to tree body and fruitful branch on the basis of growth period trimming tree body balance
Group is balanced, and to biggish branch group, to carry out retraction processing, and take meet two into one method between sparse branching group, retain as far as possible
Base portion sprig, Yao Yi great change small, and weak to change by force, it is uniform that this is conducive to the layout reached between branch group.
It is of the invention specific steps are as follows:
A kind of column fruit tree shaping clipping device of the invention, including chassis 1, hoisting mechanism 2, rack gear 3, gear 4, driving
Motor 5, rotating platform 6 and cutting mechanism 7 drive 3 engaged transmission of gear 4 and rack gear by driving motor 5, to drive promotion
Mechanism 2 moves along a straight line along guide chute 15, the adjusting of different cutting ranges may be implemented, while rotating platform 6 is set to fixed put down
The middle position of platform 25, and cutting mechanism 7 is fixedly installed on rotating platform 6, may be implemented by the driving rotation of rotating platform 6
Cutting mechanism cuts the fruit tree branch of different directions.
When fruit tree branch is between the first shear arm 71 and the second shear arm 72, driving device 76 passes through driving bearing pin
721 the second shear arms 72 of driving rotate predetermined angle around connection pin shaft 73, to complete to cut fruit tree branch.
It provides the present invention to a kind of column fruit tree shaping pruning method of column fruit tree shaping clipping device, is applied to Beijing
Cosmopolis Agricultural Technological Garden, altogether be colonized 100 plants, spacing in the rows 1.5m, 4 kinds be respectively as follows: 50 plants of Fu You, profit too 25 plants of No.1,
Early excellent red 15 plants, 1,161 10 plants, 5 plants of each kind are spaced apart from each other interspersed plant.
Implantation time is advisable in early April, and pre-planting preparation mainly comprises the steps that
S1, nursery stock whole classification water impregnates: first releasing the plastics at seedling grafting mouth before plant and wraps up film, by nursery stock size
Range achievees the effect that garden looks are uniform, and wipe out the residual of interface to transplant by the segmentation of nursery stock grade or branch
Column, root damaged root, be completely cured, nursery stock root water is then impregnated into diel, it is allowed to suction moisture, transplanted seedling tree is improved and survives
Rate；
S2, field planting hole or ditch are dug: is specifically chosen seeding row spacing according to the actual situation, determined and dig pit or ditching, digged pit or ditching
When most quite mellow soil respectively put on one side, conducive to mellow soil bury hole bottom, the raw-soil is in the physics and chemistry for above, changing its soil.
S3, fertilising backfill hole plant seedling: every plant of organic fertilizer 12.5kg or so, conditional to add matrix (using no soil
The cultivation residue of cultivation) every plant of 15kg or so, compound fertilizer 100g, urea 50g.Matrix and organic fertilizer are uniformly first sprinkling upon topsoil
On, soil crushing is clapped, is sufficiently mixed and mixes, hole soil is stepped in backfill when cheating half, then 100g compound fertilizer is sprinkling upon on remaining loam and is mixed
It closes, while burying hole together with the raw-soil of part, when backfill hole is to away from ground 10cm, make to stay less in loam whole filling hole
The part raw-soil is on hole side；Seedling root takes moist keeping measures when plant, puts seedling with being filled with water in polybag or bucket, by nursery stock size point
Section or branch transplant, and are digged pit according to seedling root size, and 50 grams of urea are sprinkling upon and are digged pit on mound, make to bury the enough 4-5 of root soil
Spade blending is mixed.Then steady seedling, righting seedling stem put along root system, keep seedling root original soil trace equal with pitted surface (avoiding deep cultivation), fertilizer
Soil slightly buries root, gently mentions Miao Houzai and buries soil, gently steps on hole soil, and shakeouts hole or ditch, be sink to after so that nursery stock is buried native face watering 5-10cm it
Between.It waters in time after cultivation, poured second of water again every 7-10 days.
In order to explore the relationship between column apple nursery stock quality and the tree-like culture of column shape, to 100 plants of columns of field planting
Apple carries out listed number, and comparing result is as follows:
It is shown according to data in table, center branch young sprout mean annual precipitation when field planting after seedling height and field planting in 4 years
Substantially close.Nursery stock is high, and year increment is also big；Nursery stock is small, and year increment is also small.Profit too No.1 seedling height is averaged 76.5cm, and 4
Year, tree body reached 3.5m height, and crown diameter middle and lower part has reached the requirement of column shape；Rich excellent nursery stock average height 36cm, 4 years only up to
To the 56% of 3.5m tree body height；1161 seedling heights are averaged 64.5cm, reach within 4 years the 84% of 3.5m tree body height；It is early excellent red
Seedling height is averaged 71cm, reaches within 4 years the 89% of 3.5m tree body height.So selecting high-quality strong sprout cultivation is the forming of column apple
Fastly, result morning, quick key technology.
The present invention provides a kind of column fruit tree shaping pruning method of column fruit tree shaping clipping device, including following step
It is rapid:
S1, plant determine dry finishing and cut: taking corresponding method to handle according to the quality of plant after field planting, not for strong plant
Add and cut, make its terminal bud continued growth, the plant of long potential difference is cut at its sturdy section of full bud by cutting mechanism 7,
Enhance the growing way of elongated central branch；
S2, growth period trimming: when plant enters growth period, need to carve bud promote branch, remove enriching shoot, density squeeze branch and
The fruit-bearing shoot cluster of multipolarization is cultivated, and controls the height of plant；
S3, dormant pruning: when plant enters dormant period, the elongated central of 7 pairs of cutting mechanism long potential difference plant is driven
Branch is cut, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster is adjusted, and balances the height between plant；And
Trim after S4, forming: the growing way of adjusted result branch group adjusts flower amount, and flower and fruit thinning is cooperated to keep load reasonable.
Specifically, growth period trimming the following steps are included:
S21, it carves bud rush branch: when seedling rudiment, a bud is carved every 7-10cm at the scarce bud of center branch, so that on the limb of center
Branch group layout is uniformly plentiful；
S22, dredge enriching shoot, go competition, strong center: cutting mechanism 7 cut after elongated central branch, to remove the under clip
Two bud branches, third bud branch, center branch, which delay, puts the Secondary Branch enriching shoot grown on the competitive branch and elongated central branch that rear top is grown,
The growing way of influence center branch is avoided, while promoting the growth of elongated central young sprout, while the following trunk of ground 30-40cm of adjusting the distance
On young sprout removed when growing to 15-20cm or more again；
S23, continuously cut the compact fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture multipolarity: branch young sprout on the branch of center it is long to 15-20cm when,
Retain 10cm and cut at its lower bud by cutting mechanism 7, allows its underpart to inspire brachyplast and form bud, this is conducive to cultivate compact
Fruit-bearing shoot cluster, grow thinner branch's young sprouts simultaneously for minority, it is long to 30cm or more when take pinching control to promote strong young sprout,
10cm is stayed to cut again after young sprout thickening, this advantageously forms bud；
S24, density squeeze branch: crowded phenomenon close to the brachyplast of formation, take and meet two to go between one method to dredge, this is conducive to branch
There is sufficient illumination space between item, removes the consumption for causing nutrient again after avoiding long greatly enhance slightly；
S25, branch group are bounced back and are removed: being bounced back in time to the stronger branch group of growing way on trunk, and to excessively sturdy branch
Group will remove in time, while after branch group removes, and want timely Bao Yan to the wound of diameter 1cm or more, this is conducive to gradually form
Growing way between compact fruit-bearing shoot cluster and balance branch group；
High balance is set between S26, plant: its tree body height will be controlled to the stronger plant of growing way, high plant is wanted when cutting
10cm being stayed than low plant, so that plant height growth reaches purpose similar in consistent and tree crown more；
S27, control tree are high: when plant elongated central branch young sprout reaches 3.5m or more, driving motor 5 drives the drive of gear 4 to mention
Rising mechanism 2 is moved to cutting mechanism 7 at column fruit tree 3.4m, it is high to cut control tree in time by cutting mechanism 7, while not
Elongated central branch young sprout is being stayed, is staying 10cm to cut when top grows young sprout again, is controlling plant height in 3.5m；
S28, band girdle lose money instead of making money skin, girdling: when tree body height reaches 3m or more, strong to growing way prosperous and plant that the amount of spending is less
Strain, take trunk band girdle to lose money instead of making money skin technology, the band girdle time is advisable in the middle ten days and the last ten days in June, on trunk away from the 20-30cm of ground into
Row band girdle loses money instead of making money skin, and band girdle width is 1cm, and band girdle, which is lost money instead of making money, to be timely used the modern designs of plastics Bao Yan after the completion of skin and tighten, and releases after 20 days
Film is wrapped up, to growth partially by force at spending less, band girdle to lose money instead of making money the still lower plant of percentage of fertile fruit after skin, second year is according to different growing ways
One to four road girdling is taken to control；And
S29, later period go tender tip, pinching control crown diameter: growth period enters July, when cutting mechanism 7 extends branch group early period
After the completion of young sprout is cut, branch young sprout is extended to the updip that grows again with the interior tender young sprout of children newly grown of coming of age, it is long to 3-5cm when want
Remove in time, to angle put down it is oblique and it is not dormant extend branch young sprout it is long to 10cm when take the expansion of pinching control plant crown diameter
Greatly, for reducing the consumption of nutrient.
Specifically, dormant pruning the following steps are included:
The trimming of S31, elongated central branch: being not added the elongated central branch for growing sturdy and cut, the plant poor to growing way
It is intended to cut at the full bud of 1cm of elongated central branch top rugosity by cutting mechanism 7 in 3-4, elongated central branch is repaired
When cutting, clip bud will stay in orientation windward, to keep the strong vertical growth of elongated central branch, reach 3m height fastly in tree body height
When, it can be cut at the 0.6-0.8cm of rugosity, it is made to slow down growing way, progressively reach the tree body height of 3.5m；
The adjustment of S32, fruit-bearing shoot cluster: continuously cutting the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture to growth period, to remove back branch and autumn growth
Branch, thin closeer sprig and more no flower bud branch, the no flower bud branch for the branch group apex that bounces back；And
Balance between S33, branch group and tree body: again to tree body and fruitful branch on the basis of growth period trimming tree body balance
Group is balanced, and to biggish branch group, to carry out retraction processing, and take meet two into one method between sparse branching group, retain as far as possible
Base portion sprig, Yao Yi great change small, and weak to change by force, it is uniform that this is conducive to the layout reached between branch group.
Use column fruit tree shaping pruning method provided by the invention, the situation of yielding positive results of 4 kind 2015-2017
It is as follows:
It can be seen from the table, the field planting each kind of second year, which has, yields positive results, but it is unstable to shape phase percentage of fertile fruit.
Columnar apple tree takes the close cultivation of intensive superelevation, and yield per unit area is high, it is necessary to reinforce soil, fertilizer, water integrated pipe
Reason keeps tree body robust growth, achievees the purpose that stable high yield, mainly comprise the steps that
S1, soil management: growth period adheres to diligent tillage and weeding or overlay film and sward technology, keeps loosing soil, breathes freely good
It is good, soil physical chemistry is improved, root growth is conducive to.
S2, fertilising: providing sufficient nutrient for column fruit tree, guarantees that column fruit tree grows vigorously.
S3, watering: spring arid waters more, pour within general 15 days or so it is primary permeable, especially attention Hua Qianshui, Hua Houshui,
Water, fruit expanding period watering, summer and autumn rainy season take the circumstances into consideration to water according to soil moisture content before physiological fallen fruit, and watering will be carried out in conjunction with fertilising.
The primary freeze-up water of winter biscuit fire preferably carries out before the earth is freeze-up.
Specifically, fertilising the following steps are included:
S21, growth period impose quick-acting fertilizer: imposing every 20 days or so the 4-5 month once, based on nitrogenous fertilizer (urea), cooperation is multiple
Hefei；It imposed every 25-30 days of the 6-8 month once, based on N P and K (compound fertilizer), chases after primary cooperation various trace elements July
(boron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, iron etc.)；September chases after a potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate).Fertilizing method, which is taken, digs pit or ditch, can use spade or hoe
Trunk two sides by treelet 25cm it is gradually outer move on to the 40cm set greatly, it is each to dig two deep holes of 15-20cm or ditch, respectively by east
West, north and south do not repeat fertilizer placement orderly；Dose increases 50g, at most not super 200g applies fertilizer by being colonized current year strain 50g every year
Bury hole or ditch in time afterwards.And fertilizer application frequency " enjoying special privilege " is increased to the poor plant of growth potential, enhance growth potential.Simultaneously to few
The plant of yellowtop occurs for number treelet, and growth period 4 different directions at away from trunk 30cm dig pit and impose ferrous sulfate 50-
100g buries hole watering in time after applying, general ten days or so can be green again.Applying quantity of chemical fertilizer is reduced after forming, be with organic fertilizer
It is main；
S22, foliage top dressing: preferably in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate for the urea and 0.2-0.3% for spraying 0.3-0.5% the 6-8 month as master
Want foliar fertilizer, generally spray once, need to continuously spray 3-4 times every 10-15 days alternatings, and targetedly spray boron, calcium, zinc,
The microelements such as iron；
S23, autumn basal dressing expand cave and improve the soil: annual autumn end takes the ditching Shi Yici organic fertilizer outside field planting hole or ditch, by children
The strain 10kg or so of tree increases to the 15kg or more after forming year by year, changes fertilizer placement every year, progressively reaches expansion cave-applied fertilizer and changes
The effect of soil.It shapes 4 Nian Houke and takes the method spread fertilizer over the fields and ploughed deeply, or next year ditching is applied, the method next year spread fertilizer over the fields.
The prevention and treatment of column apple pest, which is taken, relies mainly on prevention, prevents and treats combination, cures mainly and develops simultaneously with simultaneous control, with cultural control, object
Based on reason prevention and treatment, in conjunction with chemical prevention.According to pest and disease damage feature and pests occurrence rule, high-efficiency low-toxicity, less-persistent pesticide are selected, is reduced
Pollution, accomplish green develop to organic farming direction, prevention and treatment the following steps are included:
S1, spring prevention and treatment are crucial: cleaning out fallen leaves weeds in garden first, plough deeply tree disk, wipe out sick branch in conjunction with trimming
Leaf reduces pest and disease damage and conceals place.Early March before fruit tree bud must spray a 3-5 ° of Be lime sulfur, prevent and treat a variety of
Disease and red spider, scale insect etc..
S2, growth period keypoint control: control of leaf roller class, caterpillar class, heart-eating worm class etc. spray decis 1000 extraordinarily
1500 times of liquid of avermectin；Anti- eliminate aphis can spray Acetamiprid or each 1000 times of liquid of imidacloprid；The first tenday period of a month in May prevent and treat rust of apple (Gymnosporangium yamadai), spray
Apply 800 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or agricultural streptomycin wettable powder；The 6-9 month mainly prevents and treats early defoliation disease, apple
Rust sprays 600 times of 160-200 times of Bordeaux mixture of equivalent formula, 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or Mancozeb liquid；Prevent and treat red spider
Propargite etc medicine can be sprayed.Especially prevention and treatment flat headed apple borer, when endangering mid-April first with thin wire or knife dig out larva or
Dead polypide is directly disclosed, syringe injection 400 times of liquid of worm hole High effect cypermethrin also can be used to add 400 times of liquid of avermectin, then with moulding
Film wrapping closing insect population.Must be by liquid medicine mixing when spraying insecticide, uniform spraying, lopwood is shown in medicine, and being sprayed onto not Tropfen is advisable.
The present invention relates to a kind of column fruit tree shaping clipping devices, are designed by the structure to clipping device, improve and repair
The trimming demand of column fruit tree may be implemented in the efficiency for cutting operation, and mechanism is simple, easy to use.The present invention also mentions simultaneously
A kind of column fruit tree shaping pruning method is supplied, its pruning technique is simple through overtesting, by taking control to the dry branch that extends in center
Adjusting of helping the weak by force is cut, and the dry effect for extending branch and strong growing way and tree body height being kept gradually to tend to balance in center is made；Simultaneously
It takes branch young sprout continuously to cut the compact fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture multipolarity in growth period, effectively controls branch and extend growth and tree
Body is extending transversely, and takes early control is early to remove in growth period the strong branch that center is done, and reduces tree nutrient effective consumption,
And make center it is dry on not will cause scar, enhance its disease resistance, for fast culture stalwartness column shape it is tree-like lay a solid foundation, be
The development for promoting China's Apple Industry, is made that positive contribution.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the application, is not limited the scope of protection of the present invention with this, it is noted that right
For those skilled in the art, under the premise of not departing from this technology principle, can also make it is several improvement and
Retouching, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as the protection scope of the application.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of column fruit tree shaping clipping device, which is characterized in that including chassis, hoisting mechanism, rack gear, gear, driving electricity
Machine, rotating platform and cutting mechanism,
The chassis includes bottom plate, moving wheel, the first column, the second column, guide chute and support base, and the moving wheel is fixed
It is installed on the edge of the lower surface of base plate, first column and the second column are respectively arranged on the of the plate upper surface
One end and second end, and the first side and second side of first column and the second column are equipped with the guide chute,
The support base is fixed at the first end of first column；
The hoisting mechanism includes first support, second support, connecting rod, guiding rail and fixed platform, the first support
It is fixedly connected with second support by the connecting rod, and the first end of the first support and second support is equipped with described lead
Direction guiding rail, the guiding rail are slidably mounted in the guide chute, and the fixed platform is fixed at described first
The second end of frame and second support；
The rack gear be set to the first support first side, the gear be installed on the support base and with the rack gear
The first end of engaged transmission, the drive shaft is connect by shaft coupling with the driving motor；And
The rotating platform is set to the middle position of the fixed platform, and the cutting mechanism is fixedly installed in the rotary flat
On platform.
2. column fruit tree shaping clipping device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cutting mechanism includes first
Shear arm, the second shear arm, connection pin shaft, hold-down support, support pin shaft and driving device, first shear arm and second are cut
Tool arm is rotatablely connected by the connection pin shaft, and the first end of first shear arm is equipped with limited post, second shear arm
First end be equipped with driving bearing pin, the hold-down support by it is described support pin shaft and the driving device first end rotation company
It connects, the second end of the driving device drives second shear arm to rotate in advance around the connection pin shaft by the driving bearing pin
If angle.
3. column fruit tree shaping clipping device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the driving device is using hydraulic
Driving device driving, can also be using electric transmission machanism transmission or pneumatic actuator transmission.
4. a kind of column fruit tree shaping using column fruit tree shaping clipping device described in any one of claims 1 to 33 is repaired
Shear method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, plant determine dry finishing and cut: taking corresponding method to handle according to the quality of plant after field planting, strong plant is not added and is cut
It cuts, makes its terminal bud continued growth, the plant of long potential difference is cut at its sturdy section of full bud by the cutting mechanism, increase
The growing way of strong center extension branch；
S2, growth period trimming: it when plant enters growth period, needs to carve bud and promotees branch, removes the crowded branch of enriching shoot, density and culture
The fruit-bearing shoot cluster of multipolarization, and control the height of plant；
S3, dormant pruning: when plant enters dormant period, drive the cutting mechanism to the elongated central branch of long potential difference plant
It is cut, adjusts fruit-bearing shoot cluster, balance the height between plant；And
Trim after S4, forming: the growing way of adjusted result branch group adjusts flower amount, and flower and fruit thinning is cooperated to keep load reasonable.
5. column fruit tree shaping pruning method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that growth period trimming include with
Lower step:
S21, it carves bud rush branch: when seedling rudiment, carving a bud every 7-10cm at the scarce bud of center branch；
S22, dredge enriching shoot, go competition, strong center: the cutting mechanism cut after elongated central branch, to remove the under clip
Two bud branches, third bud branch, center branch, which delay, puts the Secondary Branch enriching shoot grown on the competitive branch and elongated central branch that rear top is grown,
It adjusts the distance when the young sprout on the following trunk of ground 30-40cm grows to 15-20cm or more and is removed again；
S23, continuously cut the compact fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture multipolarity: branch young sprout on the branch of center it is long to 15-20cm when, retain
10cm is cut at its lower bud by the cutting mechanism, is allowed its underpart to inspire brachyplast and is formed bud, thinner for minority growth
Branch's young sprout, it is long to 30cm or more when take pinching control to promote strong young sprout, stay 10cm to cut again after young sprout thickening；
S24, density squeeze branch: crowded phenomenon close to the brachyplast of formation, take and meet two to go between one method to dredge；
S25, branch group are bounced back and are removed: being bounced back to the stronger branch group of growing way on trunk, and be wanted in time to excessively sturdy branch group
It removes in time, while after branch group removes, timely Bao Yan is wanted to the wound of diameter 1cm or more；
High balance is set between S26, plant: its tree body height will be controlled to the stronger plant of growing way, high plant is than low when cutting
Plant stays 10cm more；
S27, control tree are high: when plant elongated central branch young sprout reaches 3.5m or more, the driving motor drives the gear to drive
The hoisting mechanism is moved to the cutting mechanism at column fruit tree 3.4m, cuts control in time by the cutting mechanism
Tree is high, while staying elongated central branch young sprout, stays 10cm to cut when top grows young sprout again, and control plant height exists
3.5m；
S28, band girdle lose money instead of making money skin, girdling: when tree body height reaches 3m or more, strong to growing way prosperous and plant that the amount of spending is less is adopted
Trunk band girdle is taken to lose money instead of making money skin technology；And
S29, later period go tender tip, pinching control crown diameter: growth period enters July, when the cutting mechanism extends newly branch group early period
After the completion of the tip is cut, branch young sprout is extended to the updip that grows again with the interior tender young sprout of children newly grown of coming of age, it is long to 3-5cm when want and
When remove, to angle put down it is oblique and it is not dormant extend branch young sprout it is long to 10cm when take the expansion of pinching control plant crown diameter
Greatly.
6. column fruit tree shaping pruning method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the dormant pruning include with
Lower step:
The trimming of S31, elongated central branch: being not added the elongated central branch for growing sturdy and cut, the plant 3-4 poor to growing way
It is inside intended to cut at the full bud of 1cm of elongated central branch top rugosity by the cutting mechanism, reach fastly in tree body height
When 3m height, it can be cut at the 0.6-0.8cm of rugosity；
The adjustment of S32, fruit-bearing shoot cluster: continuously cutting the fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture to growth period, to remove back branch and autumn growth branch,
Closeer sprig and more no flower bud branch are dredged, the no flower bud branch for the branch group apex that bounces back；And
Balance between S33, branch group and tree body: on the basis of growth period trimming tree body balance again to tree body and fruit-bearing shoot cluster into
Row balance, to biggish branch group, will carry out retraction processing, and take meet two into one method between sparse branching group.
7. column fruit tree shaping pruning method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in the respective growth skew
Core bar young sprout branch is drawn just using bamboo pole or straight rod and the bondage of its underpart center-pole.
8. column fruit tree shaping pruning method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the trunk band girdle loses money instead of making money skin
Technology, band girdle time are advisable in the middle ten days and the last ten days in June, lose money instead of making money skin, band girdle width away from progress band girdle at the 20-30cm of ground on trunk
For 1cm, band girdle, which is lost money instead of making money, to be timely used the modern designs of plastics Bao Yan after the completion of skin and tightens, and wrapping film is released after 20 days, to growing inclined Qiang Chenghua
Less, band girdle loses money instead of making money the still lower plant of percentage of fertile fruit after skin, and second year takes one to four road girdling to control according to different growing ways.
9. column fruit tree shaping pruning method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described to be trimmed to elongated central branch
When, clip bud will stay in orientation windward.
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