CN111328615A

CN111328615A - Method for constructing stable tree body structure of mountain peach orchard

Info

Publication number: CN111328615A
Application number: CN202010249452.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘进; 孙宇勇
Original assignee: Shandong Couton Ecological Agriculture Co ltd
Current assignee: Shandong Couton Ecological Agriculture Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-01
Filing date: 2020-04-01
Publication date: 2020-06-26

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for constructing a stable tree body structure of a mountain peach orchard, which comprises the following steps: the method has the advantages that by the method, the light-receiving area can be reasonably increased by adopting the five main branches, the light utilization rate is increased, the lower part of the tree body is good in air permeability and light transmittance, the tree shape is easy to control, the bearing branches do not move outwards, so that the fruit yield and quality are improved, and the economic benefit is increased. In addition, the method is suitable for planting peach trees in mountain environments and is suitable for production and use of cooperative society and the like.

Description

Method for constructing stable tree body structure of mountain peach orchard

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for constructing a stable tree body structure of a mountain peach orchard.

Background

The peach is one of domestic high-quality fruits, is large, sweet in taste, rich in juice, aromatic in flavor, unique in flavor, reputable at home and abroad, has a long cultivation history, is a special product and a representative fruit tree of Shandong Feicheng, is a very happy tree species, and has strong sprouting power and branching power. The secondary shoots are taken out for many times in one year, and the tree body is easy to be dense. At present, most of peach trees in China adopt a two-main-branch open heart shape and a three-main-branch open heart shape, but the two tree shapes have low early-stage yield, superficial fruiting at the later stage, too low fruiting parts, more drooping branches, leaves and fruits, large surface humidity, easy disease breeding, no contribution to inter-row mechanical operation, production cost improvement and low economic benefit. The fertile cities mostly use hills mountain land topography as the main thing, the peach tree is planted and also is mostly distributed between the mountain region, although individual tree trunk received the illumination when pruning modes such as current Y font can, but easily cause the projected area big, lead to the tree lower part to cause the canopy to move outward because of illumination is not enough, consequently, need a tree structure's that suits the peach tree planted in the mountain region construction method, including building the garden to tree body pruning all optimizes the mountain region condition, finally with the increase of production, increase economic benefits.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for constructing a stable tree structure of a mountain peach orchard, which overcomes the defects in the prior art.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

the method for constructing the stable tree body structure of the mountain peach orchard is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) building a garden: in mountainous regions with the gradient of less than or equal to 30 degrees, 5-6 m is used as a row spacing to form furrows along the mountainous regions, the width of each furrow is 3m, the height of each furrow is 40-60 cm, the gradient is greater than 30 degrees, 5-6 m is used as a row spacing, 5m row spacing is used for building a scaly platform along the mountainous regions, the platform height is 40-60 cm, and peach trees with the root diameter of more than 1cm are planted;

(2) drying: the fixed-dry height is 50-70 cm, and the secondary tips above the fixed-dry height are not wiped off;

(3) main branch cultivation: selecting 5 main branches within 70-100 cm of the ground, wherein A, B of the A, B, C, D, E main branches face the southeast and the southwest respectively, horizontal included angles between adjacent main branches are approximately 72 degrees, the included angle between A, B and the trunk is 40-50 degrees, and the included angle between C, D, E and the trunk is 25-40 degrees;

(4) cultivating lateral branches: controlling the thickness of the main branches to be 1/5-1/3 of the main trunk, cutting off the thick and overlong branch tips of the main branches when pruning is carried out in summer in the same year, reserving lateral branches within 40cm away from the tips of the main branches, spraying paclobutrazol when the length of the lateral branches is 10-15 cm, and spraying for 1-2 times in the next month;

and trimming the over-dense lateral branches according to the density degree during trimming in winter, and keeping the interval between the lateral branches to be 15-20 cm.

Preferably, in the step (2), each of the pinning branches is cultured in the southwest direction and the northeast direction of the trunk which is 50cm below the trunk, so as to control the vegetative growth of the tree body.

Preferably, the length of the main branch A, B in the step (3) is 55-95% of B, C, D.

Preferably, the angle between the lateral branch and the main branch in the step (4) is 50-60 degrees.

Preferably, the method also comprises the step of controlling the height of the crown to be 2.5-3.5 m and the diameter of the crown to be 2.5-3.5 m in the growth process of the peach tree.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: by using the method, the light-facing area can be reasonably increased by adopting the five main branches, the light utilization rate is increased, the lower part of the tree body has good air permeability and light transmittance, the tree shape is easy to control, and the bearing branches do not move outwards, so that the yield and the quality of fruits are improved, and the economic benefit is increased. In addition, the method is suitable for the mountain growing environment mainly comprising Feicheng peaches, and is suitable for production and use of cooperative society and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for constructing a stable tree body structure of a mountain peach orchard, which comprises the following steps:

(2) drying: the fixed trunk height is 50-70 cm, the auxiliary tips above the fixed trunk height are not removed, and a containment branch is cultured in the southwest direction and the northeast direction of the trunk below 50cm respectively to control the vegetative growth of the tree body;

(3) main branch cultivation: selecting 5 main branches within 70-100 cm of the ground, wherein A, B of the A, B, C, D, E main branches face the southeast and the southwest respectively, horizontal included angles between adjacent main branches are approximately 72 degrees, the included angle between A, B and the main branch is 40-50 degrees, the included angle between C, D, E and the main branch is 25-40 degrees, and the length of the main branch A, B is 55-95 percent of B, C, D;

(4) cultivating lateral branches: controlling the thickness of the main branches to be 1/5-1/3 of the main trunk, cutting off the tips of the branches which are too thick and too long on the main branches when the main branches are pruned in summer in the same year, reserving lateral branches within 40cm away from the tips of the main branches, spraying paclobutrazol when the angles of the lateral branches and the main branches where the lateral branches are located are 50-60 degrees, and spraying 1-2 times in the next month when the lengths of the lateral branches are 10-15 cm;

Finally, the height of the crown of the peach tree is controlled to be 2.5-3.5 m and the diameter of the crown is controlled to be 2.5-3.5 m in the growth process of the peach tree.

A mountain peach orchard is selected from a new town of a fat city and Shanxi Li village to be tested by the method, the slope is 26.3 degrees, 30 plants are planted in furrows according to the method, the 30 plants are used as a control group by a traditional Y-shaped method, the rest fertilizer and water management are the same, the heights of two groups of tree crowns are controlled to be about 3m, the 3 rd year of field planting is carried out, after the fruit is planted, the yield per mu of the method can reach 1.5 tons/mu through conversion, the comparison ratio is only 1.2 tons/mu, the fruit is uniformly irradiated by light by adopting the method, the SSC of the fruit reaches more than 13.6 percent, the fruit of bearing branches is uniformly and reasonably distributed, the outward migration is avoided, and the branch breaking rate is reduced by 12.8 percent, so that.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The foregoing is illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments described, and various modifications, additions, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention or exceeding the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The method for constructing the stable tree body structure of the mountain peach orchard is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) building a garden:

in mountainous regions with the gradient of less than or equal to 30 degrees, 5-6 m is used as a row spacing to form furrows along the mountainous regions, the width of each furrow is 3m, the height of each furrow is 40-60 cm, the gradient is greater than 30 degrees, 5-6 m is used as a row spacing, 5m row spacing is used for building a scaly platform along the mountainous regions, the platform height is 40-60 cm, and peach trees with the root diameter of more than 1cm are planted;

(2) drying:

the fixed-dry height is 50-70 cm, and the secondary tips above the fixed-dry height are not wiped off;

(3) main branch cultivation:

selecting 5 main branches within 70-100 cm of the ground, wherein A, B of the A, B, C, D, E main branches face the southeast and the southwest respectively, horizontal included angles between adjacent main branches are approximately 72 degrees, the included angle between A, B and the trunk is 40-50 degrees, and the included angle between C, D, E and the trunk is 25-40 degrees;

(4) cultivating lateral branches:

controlling the thickness of the main branches to be 1/5-1/3 of the main trunk, cutting off the thick and overlong branch tips of the main branches when pruning is carried out in summer in the same year, reserving lateral branches within 40cm away from the tips of the main branches, spraying paclobutrazol when the length of the lateral branches is 10-15 cm, and spraying for 1-2 times in the next month;

2. The method for constructing a stable tree structure in a mountain peach orchard as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), one drag branch is cultured in the southwest direction and the northeast direction of 50cm below the trunk of the tree to control vegetative growth of the tree.

3. The method for constructing a mountain peach orchard stable tree structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the main branch A, B in the step (3) is 55% -95% of B, C, D.

4. The preparation method of the mountain peach orchard stable tree structure construction method according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the lateral branch and the main branch in which the lateral branch is located in the step (4) is 50-60 °.

5. The preparation method of the mountain peach orchard stable tree structure construction method according to claim 1, further comprising controlling the crown height to be 2.5-3.5 m and the crown diameter to be 2.5-3.5 m in the peach tree growth process.