CN113924918A - Method for cultivating upright column-shaped large cherry - Google Patents
Method for cultivating upright column-shaped large cherry Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113924918A CN113924918A CN202111368656.5A CN202111368656A CN113924918A CN 113924918 A CN113924918 A CN 113924918A CN 202111368656 A CN202111368656 A CN 202111368656A CN 113924918 A CN113924918 A CN 113924918A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- cherry
- fertilizer
- fruit
- year
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of large cherry cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating a column-shaped large cherry, which utilizes the land area and the ground space to the maximum extent, greatly improves the yield of unit land area, has the yield per mu of 5000 jin, greatly improves the benefit of unit land, utilizes the technical means of root limiting and crown controlling, fertilizer water, chemical control and the like for the cultivation of dwarf close planting facilities, ensures that the large cherry can enter a high-yield period in 4 years, leads the large cherry to appear on the market earlier, obtains higher benefit, and effectively solves the problems of damage of early frost and late frost of the large cherry, rain crack before maturity, bird damage, fruit fly and the like; the method for cultivating the large cherry in the shape of the column comprises the following steps: s1, preparation before cultivation, S2, first year cultivation management, S3, second year cultivation management, S4 and third year cultivation management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of large cherry cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating upright large cherry.
Background
China has become the first large cherry producing country in the world, the cultured large cherries are mainly sweet cherries, and the main producing areas are the areas along the Bohai Bay and the Longhai railway. At present, the cultivation area of the large cherry in China is about 350 ten thousand mu, the yield is 140 ten thousand tons, the average number of people is 2 jin, the cherry is imported about 10 thousand tons every year, and a great gap is left between 4 jin of people all over the world. The main cultivars in the 90 s mainly include red light, Meizao, Labinsi, Samituo, early big fruit, and the like. Since the introduction of large cherries into China in the 19 th century, compared with other fruit trees, the large cherries are difficult to cultivate, the large cherries are slow to develop all the time, and a theory that cherries eat trees and are difficult to plant is provided in the folk porkers.
In recent years, the greenhouse cherries are more and more emphasized by people with ultrahigh economic benefit, and become a new hot spot of modern agriculture, but the high investment required by the development of the greenhouse cherries and the high technical barrier also become main factors restricting the development of the greenhouse cherries. At present, all Chinese greenhouse cherries are in an arbor thin planting mode, and the defects are as follows:
1. the tree vigor is vigorous, the growth amount is large, and the growth amount of large cherries is the largest in temperate fruit trees. On the arbor anvil, the growth of the vigorous young large cherry trees can reach more than 3 meters in the current year. The excessive vegetative growth inhibits reproductive growth and affects flower bud differentiation, so that the large cherry saplings enter a full fruit period later, and the early benefit of the orchard is poor in many orchards even after 10 years;
2. the advantages of the top end are strong, the crown is high, the management is labor-consuming, the advantages of the top end and the dryness of the large cherry are strong, and the tree body is high. Generally, arbor trees using mahalanobis and dyers woad leaf as rootstocks are mostly in a sparse layered or spindle shape, the height of the tree is mostly 5-6 m, and the crown width is 4-6 m. The trimming, pruning, flower and fruit management, disease and pest control and cherry picking are inconvenient, the labor consumption of an orchard is large, and the overall benefit is low;
3. wind intolerance: the method is characterized in that the weather with much wind greatly affects cherries, branches, leaves and fruits are injured when the weather is light, tree bodies are injured when the weather is heavy, and the crown lodging is caused when the root system of a large cherry tree is buried shallowly and is only 20-40 cm;
4. picking, trimming, pesticide spraying and fertilizer applying costs are high, the traditional thin-crown sparse-layer-shaped and spindle-shaped crowns have large tree bodies and dense branches, and the picking efficiency is greatly influenced. Large cherry production is typically a labor-intensive industry that is primarily characterized by high labor costs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the upright column-shaped large cherry cultivation method which utilizes the soil area and the ground space to the maximum extent, greatly improves the yield of the unit soil area, can reach 5000 jin per mu, greatly improves the benefit of the unit soil, utilizes the technical means of root limit and crown control, fertilizer water control, chemical control and the like in the dwarf close-planting facility cultivation, enables the large cherry to enter the high-yield period in 4 years, enables the large cherry to appear on the market early, obtains higher benefit, and effectively solves the problems of damage of the large cherry to early frost and late frost, rain crack before maturity, bird damage, fruit fly and the like.
The invention relates to a method for cultivating a column-shaped large cherry, which comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation before cultivation
a. Selecting the rootstock:
adopting a Gessela 6, 12 or Cramersk 5 semi-arbor stock with dwarfing, early bearing, high yield and good stress resistance;
b. variety selection:
selecting high-quality top-grade large cherry varieties such as northern fruit and vegetable No. 21 (low cold requirement), northern fruit and vegetable No. 25 (self-pollination), honeydew (third-generation new variety of domestic greenhouse cherry) and the like and domestic mainstream varieties;
c. planting density:
the planting amount per mu is 900-1000 plants (the row spacing of the plants is 0.5 multiplied by 1.3 or 0.6 multiplied by 1.2);
d. planting time:
cultivating in autumn and late winter as far as possible in the south, and cultivating in a northern facility and in spring;
s2, first year cultivation management
a. Drying:
after planting the nursery stock, reserving 35-40cm for fixed drying;
b. and (3) retaining a drag branch:
after the trunk is fixed, one bud is reserved at the top end as an extension head, and the third bud and the fourth bud are reserved, so that the issued branches are relatively sparse and uniformly reserved as restraining branches, and the top end advantages of the upright column type large cherry cultivation can be conveniently controlled;
c. bud carving:
carving (shallow carving for flower or short fruit branch) 2mm deep and 1mm from a bud disc when the tip of the large cherry turns green;
s3, cultivation and management in the second year
a. Re-drying:
re-fixing the main branch extending head of the trunk fixed in the previous year at the position of 1600-1700 cm;
b. bud carving:
after stem setting, reserving a bud at the top end as an extension head, dividing the trunk growing in the last year into three parts, etching (blocking) the lower part of the trunk bud, solving the branching element (solving the medium and short fruit branches), solving the middle part of the trunk branch for the short fruit branch (not etching and not coating the branching element) along the natural growth of the trunk, and etching (cutting) the upper part of the trunk bud to solve the lotus-shaped and bouquet-shaped fruit branches;
c. pinching:
the upper part of the trunk is subjected to pinching when the young shoots are 2-3cm long, so that bouquet-shaped fruit branches are easily formed, the middle part of the trunk is subjected to pinching when the young shoots are 5-8cm long, so that short fruit branches are easily formed, and the lower part of the trunk is subjected to pinching when the young shoots are 10-15cm long, so that middle fruit branches are easily formed (the strength can be effectively controlled);
d. cutting tender tips:
after 9 months, the new tip of the large cherry is prolonged, the growth is basically in a half-stop state, the tree body is insensitive to the pruning reaction, the light green part at the top of the new tip is continuously grown, and the nutrients made by old leaves are continuously consumed, at the moment, the light green tip of the current-year branch can be cut off, and the growth of the branch, flower buds and leaf buds is promoted to be full;
e. controlling water and fertilizer:
continuing to properly control water and fertilizer until leaves fall at the bottom of 11 months in the year;
s4, third year cultivation management
a. Dormancy:
in the middle and last ten days of 11 months to 12 months, the greenhouse is dormant, the temperature of 7.2-2.4 ℃ is the optimal dormancy period of the large cherry, the large cherry is hot when the temperature is higher than 7.2 ℃, and is too cold when the temperature is lower than 2.4 ℃ (the large cherry is not dormant when the temperature is higher than 7.2 ℃ and can be dormant when the temperature is lower than 2.4 ℃, but the ground temperature is reduced to cause difficulty in raising the ground temperature in the later period, plastic paper can be used when the temperature is continuously reduced to 0 ℃ for several days, so that the ground is ensured not to be frozen), the cherry is suitable for dormancy at the moment, is not dormant, is heated too early, and easily causes irregular flowering, overlong flowering period and low fruit setting rate;
b. and (3) heating:
(1) trimming 3-5 days before the temperature rise, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is preferably maintained at-3-6 ℃, so as to ensure that the ground has no frozen layer, and facilitate the acceleration of the activity of the root system of the cherry trees and the absorption of water and fertilizer nutrients after the temperature rise;
(2) the temperature of the day is 15-17 ℃, the humidity is about 70-80%, the ground temperature is about 5-10 ℃, the cherry tree body is firstly dried, the cotton quilt is put down to be 1m higher than the ground of the front window in the half afternoon, the branches can be seen clearly in the shed, the 50 percent cyanamide is sprayed by 60 to 80 times, the times of the 50 percent cyanamide are determined completely according to flower buds on the own trees, if the flower buds are plump and can be beaten by 60 times, conversely, the flower buds are beaten by 80 times, the cyanamide is beaten carefully, which branches are not beaten completely, the flowers are opened late until the branches are wetted completely and drip water, the cotton quilt is put down after the cyanamide beating is finished, the cotton quilt is fully absorbed by the tree body, the cotton quilt is rolled up until the next day, the temperature is continuously raised to about 16-18 ℃, the cotton quilt is raised to about 17-19 ℃ in the third 3 days, by analogy (adding 1 degree every day) from 7 to 10 days to 24 to 26 degrees (the cherry trees planted in autumn walk the low temperature mode);
(3) when the temperature rises for about 7-10 days, digging garden cleaning chemicals when the flower bud tops open by one third (the pesticide digging temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃), controlling the temperature to be Kabai + Delang + hematite + mite killing (specifically, the situation of the current year is seen), paving a mulching film in the whole garden after the garden cleaning chemicals are dug, increasing the ground temperature to promote the growth of root systems, and effectively reducing the humidity to prevent flower rot;
(4) when the temperature is raised about 25 days, a flower prodrug (sealing pesticide), fungi, bacteria, insect killing, mite killing (needing to be applied), boric fertilizer (improving the fruit setting rate), pesticide application and fertilizer application schemes after harvesting are combined with a land scheme to enhance management until the flower and fruit period of the large cherry cultivated in a facility without special conditions is increased, and meanwhile, the flower and fruit application schemes are combined with pre-flower compound shear (the flower and fruit thinning are not as good as the flower and flower thinning);
c. and (3) flowering management:
when the separating temperature of inflorescences is reduced to 22-24 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 20-22 ℃ when the flowers bloom 40-50%, the temperature is reduced to 18-20 ℃ when the flowers bloom 70-80%, the temperature is reduced to 16-18 ℃ when the flowers pollinate (autumn tree planting, low temperature walking, stable weight type), the temperature is 7-9 ℃ (fruit cracking at the later stage of low temperature, high temperature, quick growth of new shoots and influence on fruit setting rate), the humidity is 50-60%, and the ground temperature is about 10-18 ℃;
d. fertilizer for cherries in greenhouse;
after the temperature is raised (the temperature is raised); humic acid or alginic acid, heating for 15 days (rooting fertilizer): humic acid or bacterial fertilizer and silicon fertilizer, and pre-flowering fertilizer: high phosphate fertilizer (high nitrogen and easy growth), calcium fertilizer and pollinating agent for 1 time: balance fertilizer (18-18-18 and the like) + silicon, pollinator 2 times later: balance fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, and pollination medicine for 3 times: high phosphate fertilizer + humic acid or bacterial fertilizer, hard nucleus period-color transition period: high potash fertilizer + humic acids or alginic acids, color transition period-later: high potassium fertilizer and fulvic acid;
the land area and the ground space are utilized to the maximum extent, the yield of the unit land area is greatly improved, the yield per mu can reach 5000 jin, the benefit of the unit land is greatly improved, the dwarfing close planting facility cultivation utilizes the technical means of root limit and crown control, fertilizer water, chemical control and the like, the large cherries can enter the high yield period in 4 years, the large cherries are brought into the market early, higher benefits are obtained, and the problems of harm of early frost and late frost of the large cherries, rain cracking before maturity, bird damage, fruit flies and the like are effectively solved.
Preferably, the vertical column type' big cherry pruning main point:
a. the major part of the retraction is the thinning, the minor part of the thinning is the thinning, the thinning and the short cutting are less, the thinning is mainly used for the top and the upper branch, and the short cutting is mainly used for the big slivers which do not grow flowers at the annual base;
b. the 'vertical column' large cherry tree requires medium trunk rigidity, the upper tip and lower full (upper small and lower large) top takes lotus-shaped and bouquet-shaped fruit as main, the middle takes short fruit branch as main, the lower takes middle fruit branch as main;
c. pruning the 'vertical column' large cherry branch group, mainly retracting, and removing strong and weak branches with heads;
d. trimming the tips of the large cherry in a vertical column shape, removing the big cherry, keeping the small cherry, inhibiting the upward promotion and the downward promotion, and leading the small cherry to be headed; the yield of the cherries is improved.
Preferably, when the terminal buds are fixed to be dry in the first year, the distance between the cut and the terminal buds is about 1cm, so that the terminal buds are prevented from being drained; the drying effect is improved.
Preferably, when the bud is carved, the used steel saw blade is used for grinding saw paths on two sides, so that the wound of the bud is convenient to heal; improve the bud carving effect.
Preferably, when the buds are carved, 2-3 buds at the top end are erased; the survival rate of the first bud is improved.
Preferably, the pinching in the second year is performed before lignification in the young shoots; improving the pinching effect.
Preferably, when the temperature rises in the third year, the trees are planted in autumn in the same year without punching cyanamide; reducing the waste of cyanamide.
Preferably, when the temperature rises in the third year, the mulching film is laid on the conveying disc, the mulching film laid on the operation channel is reduced, and holes are punched in the mulching film; reduce the waste of plastic film, improve the gas permeability of plastic film.
Preferably, when the opposite cylindrical large cherry is pruned, the upper surface of the fruit tree is opened with an umbrella, and the lower surface of the fruit tree is polished to be free from pinching and controlled to be strong; the fruit tree yield is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the land area and the overground space are utilized to the maximum extent, the yield of the unit land area is greatly improved, the yield per mu can reach 5000 jin, the benefit of the unit land is greatly improved, the dwarfing and dense planting facility cultivation utilizes the technical means of root limiting and crown controlling, fertilizer water, chemical control and the like, the large cherries can enter the high-yield period in 4 years, the large cherries can appear on the market early, higher benefit is obtained, and the problems of damage of early frost and late frost of the large cherries, cracking caused by rain before maturity, bird damage, fruit flies and the like are effectively solved.
Detailed Description
The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
The method for cultivating the large cherry in the shape of the column comprises the following steps:
s1 preparation before cultivation
a. Selecting the rootstock:
adopting a Gessela 6, 12 or Cramersk 5 semi-arbor stock with dwarfing, early bearing, high yield and good stress resistance;
b. variety selection:
selecting high-quality top-grade large cherry varieties such as northern fruit and vegetable No. 21 (low cold requirement), northern fruit and vegetable No. 25 (self-pollination), honeydew (third-generation new variety of domestic greenhouse cherry) and the like and domestic mainstream varieties;
c. planting density:
the planting amount per mu is 900-1000 plants (the row spacing of the plants is 0.5 multiplied by 1.3 or 0.6 multiplied by 1.2);
d. planting time:
cultivating in autumn and late winter as far as possible in the south, and cultivating in a northern facility and in spring;
s2, first year cultivation management
a. Drying:
after planting the nursery stock, reserving 35-40cm for fixing the stem, and keeping the distance between the cut and the terminal bud about 1cm to prevent the terminal bud from being drained;
b. and (3) retaining a drag branch:
after the trunk is fixed, one bud is reserved at the top end as an extension head, and the third bud and the fourth bud are reserved, so that the issued branches are relatively sparse and uniformly reserved as restraining branches, and the top end advantages of the upright column type large cherry cultivation can be conveniently controlled;
c. bud carving:
when the apex of the large cherry is green, carving (shallow carving for flower or short fruit branch) 2mm deep and 1mm from a bud disc, and erasing 2-3 buds at the top;
s3, cultivation and management in the second year
a. Re-drying:
re-fixing the main branch extending head of the trunk fixed in the previous year at the position of 1600-1700 cm;
b. bud carving:
after stem setting, reserving a bud at the top end as an extension head, erasing 2-3 buds at the top end, dividing a trunk growing in the last year into three parts, etching (blocking) the lower part of the trunk bud, applying the branching element (for medium and short fruit branches), etching (cutting) the middle part of the trunk bud along the natural growth for short fruit branches (without etching and applying the branching element), and etching (cutting) the upper part of the trunk bud to obtain lotus-shaped and bouquet-shaped fruit branches;
c. pinching:
the upper part of the trunk is subjected to pinching when the young shoots are 2-3cm long, bouquet-shaped fruit branches are easily formed, the middle part of the trunk is subjected to pinching when the young shoots are 5-8cm long, short fruit branches are easily formed, the lower part of the trunk is subjected to pinching when the young shoots are 10-15cm long, middle fruit branches are easily formed (the upper strength can be effectively controlled), and the pinching is performed before lignification exists in the young shoots;
d. cutting tender tips:
after 9 months, the new tip of the large cherry is prolonged, the growth is basically in a half-stop state, the tree body is insensitive to the pruning reaction, the light green part at the top of the new tip is continuously grown, and the nutrients made by old leaves are continuously consumed, at the moment, the light green tip of the current-year branch can be cut off, and the growth of the branch, flower buds and leaf buds is promoted to be full;
e. controlling water and fertilizer:
continuing to properly control water and fertilizer until leaves fall at the bottom of 11 months in the year;
s4, third year cultivation management
a. Dormancy:
in the middle and last ten days of 11 months to 12 months, the greenhouse is dormant, the temperature of 7.2-2.4 ℃ is the optimal dormancy period of the large cherry, the large cherry is hot when the temperature is higher than 7.2 ℃, and is too cold when the temperature is lower than 2.4 ℃ (the large cherry is not dormant when the temperature is higher than 7.2 ℃ and can be dormant when the temperature is lower than 2.4 ℃, but the ground temperature is reduced to cause difficulty in raising the ground temperature in the later period, plastic paper can be used when the temperature is continuously reduced to 0 ℃ for several days, so that the ground is ensured not to be frozen), the cherry is suitable for dormancy at the moment, is not dormant, is heated too early, and easily causes irregular flowering, overlong flowering period and low fruit setting rate;
b. and (3) heating:
(1) trimming 3-5 days before the temperature rise, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is preferably maintained at-3-6 ℃, so as to ensure that the ground has no frozen layer, and facilitate the acceleration of the activity of the root system of the cherry trees and the absorption of water and fertilizer nutrients after the temperature rise;
(2) the temperature of the day is 15-17 ℃, the humidity is about 70-80%, the ground temperature is about 5-10 ℃, the cherry tree body is firstly dried, the cotton quilt is put down to be 1m higher than the ground of the front window in the half afternoon, the branches can be seen clearly in the shed, the 50 percent cyanamide is sprayed by 60 to 80 times, the times of the 50 percent cyanamide are determined completely according to flower buds on the own trees, if the flower buds are plump and can be beaten by 60 times, conversely, the flower buds are beaten by 80 times, the cyanamide is beaten carefully, which branches are not beaten completely, the flowers are opened late until the branches are wetted completely and drip water, the cotton quilt is put down after the cyanamide beating is finished, the cotton quilt is fully absorbed by the tree body, the cotton quilt is rolled up until the next day, the temperature is continuously raised to about 16-18 ℃, the cotton quilt is raised to about 17-19 ℃ in the third 3 days, by analogy (adding 1 degree every day) from 7 to 10 days to 24 to 26 degrees (the cherry trees planted in autumn walk the low temperature mode);
(3) when the temperature rises for about 7-10 days, digging garden cleaning chemicals when the flower bud apexes open by one third (the pesticide digging temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃), controlling the temperature to be Kabai + Delang + hematite + mite killing (specifically, the situation of the current year is seen), paving a mulching film in the whole garden after the garden cleaning chemicals are dug, punching holes on the mulching film, increasing the ground temperature to promote the root growth, and effectively reducing the humidity to prevent the flower rot;
(4) when the temperature is raised about 25 days, a flower prodrug (sealing pesticide), fungi, bacteria, insect killing, mite killing (needing to be applied), boric fertilizer (improving the fruit setting rate), pesticide application and fertilizer application schemes after harvesting are combined with a land scheme to enhance management until the flower and fruit period of the large cherry cultivated in a facility without special conditions is increased, and meanwhile, the flower and fruit application schemes are combined with pre-flower compound shear (the flower and fruit thinning are not as good as the flower and flower thinning);
c. and (3) flowering management:
when the separating temperature of inflorescences is reduced to 22-24 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 20-22 ℃ when the flowers bloom 40-50%, the temperature is reduced to 18-20 ℃ when the flowers bloom 70-80%, the temperature is reduced to 16-18 ℃ when the flowers pollinate (autumn tree planting, low temperature walking, stable weight type), the temperature is 7-9 ℃ (fruit cracking at the later stage of low temperature, high temperature, quick growth of new shoots and influence on fruit setting rate), the humidity is 50-60%, and the ground temperature is about 10-18 ℃;
d. fertilizer for cherries in greenhouse;
after the temperature is raised (the temperature is raised); humic acid or alginic acid, heating for 15 days (rooting fertilizer): humic acid or bacterial fertilizer and silicon fertilizer, and pre-flowering fertilizer: high phosphate fertilizer (high nitrogen and easy growth), calcium fertilizer and pollinating agent for 1 time: balance fertilizer (18-18-18 and the like) + silicon, pollinator 2 times later: balance fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, and pollination medicine for 3 times: high phosphate fertilizer + humic acid or bacterial fertilizer, hard nucleus period-color transition period: high potash fertilizer + humic acids or alginic acids, color transition period-later: high potassium fertilizer and fulvic acid
The main functions realized by the invention are as follows: the large cherry greenhouse enables large cherries to grow flowers in two years after one-year tree planting, yields less (1-2 jin) in three years, yields high (3-4 jin) in four years, yields per mu of 5000 jin (5-6 jin) in 5 years, yields 2-3 times of those of the traditional greenhouse, greatly improves the yield of unit land area, greatly improves the unit land benefit, and effectively solves the problems of damage of early frost and late frost of the large cherries, rain cracks, bird damage, fruit flies and the like before maturity.
The method for cultivating the column-shaped large cherry can be implemented as long as the beneficial effects of the method can be achieved, and technicians in the field only need to operate according to the attached operating instructions without creative labor of the technicians in the field.
All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for cultivating the large cherry with the upright column is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 preparation before cultivation
a. Selecting the rootstock:
adopting a Gessela 6, 12 or Cramersk 5 semi-arbor stock with dwarfing, early bearing, high yield and good stress resistance;
b. variety selection:
selecting high-quality top-grade large cherry varieties such as northern fruit and vegetable No. 21 (low cold requirement), northern fruit and vegetable No. 25 (self-pollination), honeydew (third-generation new variety of domestic greenhouse cherry) and the like and domestic mainstream varieties;
c. planting density:
the planting amount per mu is 900-1000 plants (the row spacing of the plants is 0.5 multiplied by 1.3 or 0.6 multiplied by 1.2);
d. planting time:
cultivating in autumn and late winter as far as possible in the south, and cultivating in a northern facility and in spring;
s2, first year cultivation management
a. Drying:
after planting the nursery stock, reserving 35-40cm for fixed drying;
b. and (3) retaining a drag branch:
after the trunk is fixed, one bud is reserved at the top end as an extension head, and the third bud and the fourth bud are reserved, so that the issued branches are relatively sparse and uniformly reserved as containment branches, and the top end advantage of the upright column type large cherry cultivation is conveniently controlled;
c. bud carving:
carving (shallow carving for flower or short fruit branch) 2mm deep and 1mm from a bud disc when the tip of the large cherry turns green;
s3, cultivation and management in the second year
a. Re-drying:
re-fixing the main branch extending head of the trunk fixed in the previous year at the position of 1600-1700 cm;
b. bud carving:
after stem setting, reserving a bud at the top end as an extension head, dividing the trunk growing in the last year into three parts, etching (blocking) the lower part of the trunk bud, solving the branching element (solving the medium and short fruit branches), solving the middle part of the trunk along the natural growth of the trunk, solving the short fruit branch (not etching and not coating the branching element), and etching (cutting) the upper part of the trunk bud to solve the lotus-shaped and bouquet-shaped fruit branches;
c. pinching:
the upper part of the main trunk is subjected to pinching when the young shoots are 2-3cm long, so that bouquet-shaped fruit branches are easily formed, the middle part of the main trunk is subjected to pinching when the young shoots are 5-8cm long, so that short fruit branches are easily formed, and the lower part of the main trunk is subjected to pinching when the young shoots are 10-15cm long, so that middle fruit branches are easily formed (the upper strength can be effectively controlled);
d. cutting tender tips:
after 9 months, the new tip of the large cherry is prolonged, the growth is basically in a half-stop state, the tree body is insensitive to the pruning reaction, the light green part at the top of the new tip is continuously grown, and the nutrients made by old leaves are continuously consumed, at the moment, the light green tip of the current-year branch can be cut off, and the growth of the branch, flower buds and leaf buds is promoted to be full;
e. controlling water and fertilizer:
continuing to properly control water and fertilizer until leaves fall at the bottom of 11 months in the year;
s4, third year cultivation management
a. Dormancy:
in the middle and last ten days of 11 months to 12 months, the greenhouse is dormant, the temperature of 7.2-2.4 ℃ is the optimal dormancy period of the large cherries, the large cherries are hot when the temperature is higher than 7.2 ℃, and the large cherries are too cold when the temperature is lower than 2.4 ℃ (the large cherries are not dormant when the temperature is higher than 7.2 ℃ and lower than 2.4 ℃, but the ground temperature is reduced to cause difficulty in raising the ground temperature in the later period, and plastic paper can be put on the greenhouse when the temperature is continuously reduced to 0 ℃ for several days to ensure that the ground is not frozen), so the cherries at the proper temperature are dormant, the dormancy is insufficient, the temperature is raised too early, and the problems of irregular flowering, overlong flowering period and low fruit setting rate are easily caused;
b. and (3) heating:
(1) trimming 3-5 days before the temperature rise, wherein the temperature in the greenhouse is preferably maintained at-3-6 ℃, so as to ensure that the ground has no frozen layer, and facilitate the acceleration of the activity of the root system of the cherry trees and the absorption of water and fertilizer nutrients after the temperature rise;
(2) the temperature of the day is 15-17 ℃, the humidity is about 70-80%, the ground temperature is about 5-10 ℃, the cherry tree body is firstly dried, the cotton quilt is put down to be 1m higher than the ground of the front window in the half afternoon, the branches can be seen clearly in the shed, the 50 percent cyanamide is sprayed by 60 to 80 times, the times of the 50 percent cyanamide are determined completely according to flower buds on the own trees, if the flower buds are plump and can be beaten by 60 times, conversely, 80 times, the cyanamide is beaten carefully, which branches are not beaten completely, the flowers are opened late until the branches are wet and drip water, the cotton quilt is put down after the cyanamide beating, the cotton quilt is fully absorbed by the tree body, the cotton quilt is rolled up until the next day, the temperature is continuously raised to about 16-18 ℃, the temperature is raised to about 17-19 ℃ in the third 3 days, by analogy (adding 1 degree every day) from 7 to 10 days to 24 to 26 degrees (the cherry trees planted in autumn walk the low temperature mode);
(3) when the temperature rises for about 7-10 days, the flower bud tip is opened for one third, garden cleaning chemicals are sprayed (the pesticide spraying temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃), Kabai + Delang + hematite + mite killing are carried out (the condition of the current year is specifically seen), after the garden cleaning chemicals are sprayed, a mulching film is laid in the whole garden, the ground temperature is increased, the root growth is promoted, and the humidity is effectively reduced to prevent the flower rot;
(4) when the temperature is raised about 25 days, a flower prodrug (sealing pesticide), fungi, bacteria, insect killing, mite killing (needing to be applied), boric fertilizer (improving the fruit setting rate), pesticide application and fertilizer application schemes after harvesting are combined with a land scheme to enhance management until the flower and fruit period of the large cherry cultivated without special facilities needs no pesticide application, and the flower and fruit application schemes are combined with a pre-flower compound shear (the flower and fruit thinning is not as good as the flower and flower thinning);
c. and (3) flowering management:
when the separating temperature of inflorescences is reduced to 22-24 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 20-22 ℃ when the flowers bloom 40-50%, the temperature is reduced to 18-20 ℃ when the flowers bloom 70-80%, the temperature is reduced to 16-18 ℃ when the flowers pollinate (autumn tree planting, low temperature walking, stable weight type), the temperature is 7-9 ℃ (fruit cracking at the later stage of low temperature, high temperature, quick growth of new shoots and influence on fruit setting rate), the humidity is 50-60%, and the ground temperature is about 10-18 ℃;
d. fertilizer for cherries in greenhouse;
after the temperature is raised (the temperature is raised); humic acid or alginic acid, heating for 15 days (rooting fertilizer): humic acid or bacterial fertilizer and silicon fertilizer, and pre-flowering fertilizer: high phosphate fertilizer (high nitrogen easy to grow), calcium fertilizer and pollination medicine for 1 time: balance fertilizer (18-18-18 and the like) + silicon, pollinator 2 times later: balance fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, and pollination medicine for 3 times: high phosphate fertilizer + humic acid or bacterial fertilizer, hard nucleus period-color transition period: high potash fertilizer + humic acids or alginic acids, color transition period-later: high potassium fertilizer and fulvic acid.
2. The method for cultivating large cherry standing columns according to claim 1, wherein the main point of the stand column-shaped large cherry pruning is as follows:
a. the major part of the retraction is the thinning, the minor part of the thinning is the thinning, the thinning and the short cutting are less, the thinning is mainly used for the top and the upper branch, and the short cutting is mainly used for the big slivers which do not grow flowers at the annual base;
b. the 'vertical column' large cherry tree requires medium trunk rigidity, the upper tip and lower full (upper small and lower large) top takes lotus-shaped and bouquet-shaped fruit as main, the middle takes short fruit branch as main, the lower takes middle fruit branch as main;
c. pruning the 'vertical column' large cherry branch group, mainly retracting, and removing strong and weak branches with heads;
d. trimming the tips of the large cherry in a vertical column shape, removing the big cherry, keeping the small cherry, inhibiting the upward movement and promoting the downward movement, and leading the small cherry to be headed.
3. The method for cultivating upright large cherries according to claim 1, wherein when the cherry is dried in the first year, the distance between the cut and the terminal bud is about 1cm, so that the terminal bud is prevented from being drained.
4. The method for cultivating upright large cherries according to claim 1, wherein steel saw blades used during bud carving are used for grinding off saw paths on two sides so as to facilitate healing of bud carving wounds.
5. The method for cultivating upright large cherries according to claim 1, wherein 2-3 buds at the top end are removed during bud carving.
6. The method for cultivating large cherry standing pillar according to claim 1, wherein the pinching in the second year is performed before lignification in young sprout.
7. The method for cultivating large cherry standing pillar according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is raised in the third year, and no cyanamide is added in autumn in the year.
8. The method for cultivating large cherry standing pillar according to claim 1, wherein a mulching film is spread on the conveying plate at the third year of temperature rise to reduce the mulching film spread on the working channel, and holes are punched in the mulching film.
9. The method for cultivating large cherry standing pillar according to claim 2, wherein when the opposite pillar-shaped large cherry is trimmed, the upper side of the fruit tree is opened with umbrella, and the lower side is polished rod, which should be pinched and controlled to be strong.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111368656.5A CN113924918A (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Method for cultivating upright column-shaped large cherry |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111368656.5A CN113924918A (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Method for cultivating upright column-shaped large cherry |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113924918A true CN113924918A (en) | 2022-01-14 |
Family
ID=79286950
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111368656.5A Pending CN113924918A (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Method for cultivating upright column-shaped large cherry |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113924918A (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106258766A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-01-04 | 任学平 | The facility cultivation method of large cherry twice fruit of 1 year knot |
| CN107046900A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-08-18 | 青岛益佰农肥业有限公司 | Water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for improving fruit setting rate of large cherries and preventing gummosis |
| CN110754242A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-02-07 | 山东省果树研究所 | Sweet cherry cylindrical shaping and trimming method suitable for labor-saving operation |
-
2021
- 2021-11-18 CN CN202111368656.5A patent/CN113924918A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106258766A (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2017-01-04 | 任学平 | The facility cultivation method of large cherry twice fruit of 1 year knot |
| CN107046900A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-08-18 | 青岛益佰农肥业有限公司 | Water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for improving fruit setting rate of large cherries and preventing gummosis |
| CN110754242A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-02-07 | 山东省果树研究所 | Sweet cherry cylindrical shaping and trimming method suitable for labor-saving operation |
Non-Patent Citations (8)
| Title |
|---|
| 22237D7AB3: "关于大樱桃大棚高效益管理方案与建议", 《豆丁网，HTTPS://WWW.DOUDING.COM/P-2134113712.HTML》 * |
| 北方果蔬: "北方果蔬立柱形大樱桃春季开花状", 《腾讯视频》 * |
| 北方果蔬: "第二年的大樱桃如何刻芽", 《腾讯视频》 * |
| 季节落乱了浮华: "什么是大樱桃立柱形栽培，靠谱不？", 《知乎，HTTPS://WWW.ZHIHU.COM/QUESTION/441263601》 * |
| 杜桂英等: "山东五莲县甜樱桃大棚栽培技术要点", 《农业工程技术·综合版》 * |
| 烟台映像: "火爆的立柱形大樱桃，该咋修剪？其实非常简单", 《腾讯视频》 * |
| 郭晓成等: "《大樱桃栽培新技术》", 31 January 2005, 西北农林科技大学出版社 * |
| 隋秀奇等: "甜樱桃生长的营养需求及施肥新技术", 《河北果树》 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106234128B (en) | Method for cultivating sweet cherries in high mountain areas | |
| CN107027521B (en) | Walnut hard branch square bud grafting seedling method | |
| Hernández et al. | Cultivation systems | |
| CN107691074B (en) | Method for promoting differentiation and development of large cherry flower buds | |
| CN109729910B (en) | Method for quickly culturing horizontal long main vines of grapes in northern soil-buried culture area | |
| CN106922459A (en) | A kind of cultural method of agate red cherry | |
| CN110731221B (en) | Method for branching oranges in Wo mode | |
| CN106386349B (en) | method for promoting multiple branches of central trunk of arbor-rootstock sweet cherry | |
| CN111011019A (en) | Grape grafting and seedling method | |
| CN107371991B (en) | Green date girdling and remaining dry pruning method | |
| CN110278822B (en) | Method for cultivating peach trees in high-altitude areas | |
| CN110754242B (en) | Sweet cherry cylindrical shaping and trimming method suitable for labor-saving operation | |
| CN106954507A (en) | A kind of evening real walnut Early Paleozoic strata carves bud trimming new method | |
| CN107667815A (en) | A kind of high-yield cultivation method for honeysuckle | |
| CN106613721B (en) | Cold-shed cultivation method for seedless Victoria grapes | |
| CN112514728B (en) | Planting method for mixed seeds of Aoan mango and pineapple Sakya | |
| CN111955333B (en) | Cultivation method of large container seedlings of carya illinoensis fruiting bodies | |
| CN108718746B (en) | Tree-shaped culture method for kiwifruit canker | |
| CN112753395A (en) | High-position grafting method for mulberry | |
| CN113317099A (en) | Cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation | |
| CN113317100A (en) | Cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology | |
| CN113924918A (en) | Method for cultivating upright column-shaped large cherry | |
| CN105613059A (en) | Plum grafting method | |
| CN110896769A (en) | Kiwi fruit non-habitat planting method | |
| CN114586595B (en) | Cultivation method for rapidly increasing plant height of peony |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20220114 |