CN104145767A - Method for postponing dormancy period of large cherries - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for postponing the dormancy period of large cherries. By means of site selection, low-temperature control, sunlight control, ventilation time control, soil moisture control and control over transition from the temperature inside a greenhouse to the nature temperature outside the greenhouse during the initial stage of blooming, the dormancy period of the large cherries is prolonged, dormancy time of the large cherries is delayed by four to five months compared with the normal dormancy period, and the length of the dormancy time of the large berries is controlled according to the market time of the large berries, so that the large berries grow and develop according to the will of people.

Description

A kind of large cherry method of resting stage of postponing

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of large cherry method of resting stage of postponing.

Background technology

Chinese patent CN102657053A discloses a kind of northern facility microclimate cherry method for anti-season producing in 2012-09-12, comprises the following steps: (1) place: select all the year round mean temperature of air at more than 10 ℃ booths; (2) dig cave: the dark 80cm in cave, the wide 100cm of being in Chang He cave, cave, the soil of upper strata 30cm is put aside, the soil of 50cm is placed on another side below; (3) fertilising: smart farmyard manure 3m3, composite fertilizer 80kg, potash fertilizer 20kg, ferrous sulfate 10kg, boron 4kg, zinc 4kg are mixed, be divided into 120 parts, more every part is evenly admixed in the 30cm soil of upper strata, drop into below, cave, throw 10cm subsoil, the 50kg that waters, throws one deck soil again after watering again; (4) plant: select the cherry seedling of strong sprout, well developed root system to plant in the cave of having executed fertilizer, insert remaining subsoil, after transplanting, will on trunk, brush is highly the lime water of 30cm; (5) prune: after entering the winter, in cherry dormancy, within 40 days, prune once afterwards, before annual June 15, pruned once, forbid for No. 15 to prune later; (6) controlization: according to the character of kind, the length of resting stage, the time of breaking dormancy, temperature, controlization, promotes the formation of bud flower in good time; (7) pollination, bud picking and flower thinning fruit: pollination is generally with honeybee pollination or manually adhere to pollination; At flower, be about to come off while also not coming off, should start bud picking, every major branch stays 4 twigs, and after fruit maturation 20 days, two of the sturdy vegetative twigs of selecting and remain, other cuts off; Dredge and remove fruitlet and malformed fruit; (8) field management: after fruit forms, Distance-Tree 30cm place trench digging, do not hindering under the front topic of main root and root division, also can be at 20cm place ditching-fertilizing, every mu of 30kg of potash fertilizer, every mu of 80kg of composite fertilizer, every mu of 2000kg of farmyard manure, and water, little water duty to water, forbid broad irrigation, at fruit maturation, within first 20 days, stop watering.(9) bagging: after fruit forms, bagging in time.9-11 month in autumn transplants, and 2-3 month in spring transplants.

Chinese patent CN 103598052A discloses a kind of production method of postponing the cherry maturing stage, improving output in 2014-02-26, comprise following technical process: build garden: cherry is comparatively strict to requirement for environmental conditions, build the following principle of garden GPRS: (1) selects that soil layer is deep, good permeability, the strong sandy loam cultivation of water holding capacity, and garden can not be built in saline land, (2) in free of frost area,, there is being frost area optional Nan Po or flat site, selects temperature rising in spring north slope or Northwest Slope slow, circulation of air to build garden, (3) cherry is afraid of waterlogging, is afraid of drought, sets up draining water adding system while building garden, (4) cherry root system is shallow, is subject to very much wind-fall volt, and first-selection selects leeward slope to build garden, and garden is built on level land should build shelter forest in surrounding, field planting: cherry self-pollination ripening rate is high, do not configure pollinated variety, the most kind self-flowering fruiting of sweet cherry ability is low, must configure pollinated variety, pollinated variety accounts for 20%～30%, plants in mountain region, main breed and pollinated variety companion planting, between every 3～4 row main breeds of Flat Ground Orchard, plant a line pollinated variety, sweet cherry planting density is advisable with 5～7 meters of 4～6 meters of spacing in the rows, line-spacing, and cherry planting density is that 3～6 meters of 2～5 meters of spacing in the rows, line-spacing are advisable, pruning: the shaping of cherry tree should be grasped 4～5 years and complete shaping, 7～8 years indivedual adjustment are saved tree body from damage as far as possible, cause less large wound, tree-like should grasp flexibly according to weather soil condition, planting density, sweet cherry treelet is pruned should be light, and suitable many cutting backs are to increase branches and leaves amount, maximum 3 years of the cutting back time limit, take slow method of putting later, after entering the just fruit phase, cultivate each fruit-bearing shoot cluster, during the early spring, carry out fruit-tree girdling one time, clay fertilizer water management: the treelet phase need be expanded cave and be ploughed deeply, pour water and rain after intertill and loosen the soil, after field planting, at butt, earth up 30 centimetres, so that set body, property is strong admittedly, anti-morning, soil moisture conservation was good, annual pouring Hua Qianshui, fruit promoting water, adopt rear water and freeze-up water, spend front injection flow rate suitable little, Xie Huahou wants diligent to pouring water before fruit maturation, it is large that amount is wanted, in 10～30 cm layer of soil, soil relative water content can not be lower than 60%, cherry is before entering the winter, before and after florescence and application in time after gathering, between 9～October, autumn basal dressing be take fertilizer as main, 30～60 kilograms of night soils or pigsty excrement 120 kg are executed in the every strain of treelet phase, the large tree of result is executed 60～90 kilograms of night soils with every strain, flowering fruit bearing stage is used quick action fertilizer, root outer spraying 0.3% urea 1～2 time, to improve flower fruit-setting rate, after fruit harvesting, 60～70 kilograms of decomposed manures are executed in every strain, flower and fruit protecting: protect flower and adopt artificial supplementary pollination and utilize Insect Pollination pollination, to promote floral organ to build completely, bloom normal, fruit retention sprays plant hormone and foliage fertilizer, to improve the fruit-setting rate of healthy and strong fruit.

Comprise aforementioned Chinese patent CN 102657053A and CN 103598052A, the production of cherry anti-season and the method in postponement cherry maturing stage are very complicated, relate to select place, dig cave, apply fertilizer, plant, prune, the overall process such as pollination, bud picking and flower thinning fruit, field management and bagging, but do not catch the core of postponing the cherry maturing stage, therefore effect is also not obvious, the cherry of output time of guaranteeing the quality is short, yields poorly.

Summary of the invention

In order to meet the demand of market in dull season to large cherry, overcome the defect of current giant cherry cultivating technology, through the research practice that ruminates in a few years, a kind of large cherry method of resting stage of postponing wish to be proposed, by extending its dormant stage, make its time resting stage than normal delay four by five months, requirement according to large cherry Time To Market, control the length to large cherry dormancy time, thereby can grow according to people's wish, meet the demand of market in dull season to large cherry.

The present invention digging cave, apply fertilizer, plant, prune, the technique such as pollination, bud picking and flower thinning fruit, field management and bagging and prior art there is no special character.

According to embodiment, a kind of large cherry method of resting stage of postponing provided by the invention, its innovative point is, comprises the following steps:

(1) place is selected: the plastic tunnel of selecting automatic curtain;

(2) low temperature control: in booth, mean temperature of air is 0-2 ℃;

(3) control sunshine: by add a cover heat-insulation layer and shade net on the plastic film of plastic tunnel, avoid sun exposure;

(4) ventilation time is controlled: by opening the automatic curtain of plastic tunnel, mid-November to Second Year by the end of February, daytime, whole day was added a cover heat-insulation layer and shade net, ventilate 1-3 every day, at every turn 1-3 hour; At the beginning of 3 months, start, daytime, whole day was added a cover heat-insulation layer and shade net, to reduce temperature, opened heat-insulation layer and shade net night, and 12-13 hour ventilates night;

(5) soil moisture is controlled: early September, by irrigating in advance, is controlled at 35%-45% by soil moisture; Before blooming, irrigate once again;

(6) come into bloom and control temperature of shed natural temperature transition outside canopy, slowly adapt to external environment;

By the selection of aforementioned place, low temperature control, control at sunshine, ventilation time control, soil moisture control and the control temperature of shed natural temperature transition outside canopy that comes into bloom, extend the resting stage of large cherry, make its dormancy time postpone 4-5 month than the normal hibernation phase, according to large cherry Time To Market, control the length of its dormancy time, its wish according to people is grown.

According to an embodiment, in the step (4) of the method for the aforementioned postponement large cherry of the present invention resting stage, mid-November to Second Year by the end of February, daytime, whole day was added a cover heat-insulation layer and shade net, ventilate every day 2 times, each 2 hours.

With respect to prior art, the present invention postpones the cherry maturing stage by extending the resting stage of large cherry, and improve its output, adopt the plastic tunnel of protection ground automatic curtain, in artificial mode, large cherry tree is carried out to low temperature control, the control of the irradiation time length of sunlight (by adding a cover heat-insulation layer and shade net above plastic film), the control of ventilation time length, the control of soil moisture, make it extend the dormant stage, make time resting stage than normal delay four by five months, requirement according to large cherry Time To Market, control the length to large cherry dormancy time, thereby can grow according to people's wish, meet the demand of market in dull season to large cherry.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.These embodiment are interpreted as only for the present invention is described, is not used in and limits the scope of the invention.After having read the content of the present invention's record, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and these equivalences change and modification falls into the scope of the claims in the present invention equally.

Be located in area, Qinghai-Tibet Ledu, due in high altitude localities, listing fruit variety quantity is few throughout the year, especially annual 3-September, fruits lacked especially, in recent years because plant in a large number large cherry and has changed this present situation in Ledu district, June, cherry started listing, but one to by the end of June, cherry picking finishes, and market lacks again fresh fruit, for a change this present situation, inventor studies and has invented large cherry and delay planting technology, with this, delay the maturing stage of large cherry, promote finished product to delay listing, concrete steps are as follows:

(1) place is selected: the plastic tunnel of selecting automatic curtain;

(2) low temperature control: in booth, mean temperature of air is 0-2 ℃;

(3) control sunshine: by add a cover heat-insulation layer and shade net on the plastic film of plastic tunnel, avoid sun exposure;

(4) ventilation time is controlled: by opening the automatic curtain of plastic tunnel, mid-November to Second Year by the end of February, daytime, whole day was added a cover heat-insulation layer and shade net, ventilate every day 2 times, each 2 hours; At the beginning of 3 months, start, daytime, whole day was added a cover heat-insulation layer and shade net, to reduce temperature, opened heat-insulation layer and shade net night, and 12-13 hour ventilates night;

(5) soil moisture is controlled: early September, by irrigating in advance, is controlled at 35%-45% by soil moisture; Before blooming, irrigate once again;

(6) come into bloom and control temperature of shed natural temperature transition outside canopy, slowly adapt to external environment;

By the selection of aforementioned place, low temperature control, control at sunshine, ventilation time control, soil moisture control and the control temperature of shed natural temperature transition outside canopy that comes into bloom, extend the resting stage of large cherry, make its dormancy time postpone 4-5 month than the normal hibernation phase, according to large cherry Time To Market, control the length of its dormancy time, its wish according to people is grown.

It is pointed out that the present invention digging cave, apply fertilizer, plant, prune, the technique such as pollination, bud picking and flower thinning fruit, field management and bagging and prior art there is no special character.In area, Qinghai-Tibet Ledu, large cherry is normally ripe extremely by the end of June in annual mid-June, adopts the inventive method to extend after the resting stage of large cherry, large cherry annual by the end of July to ripe by the end of August, and the normal taste with large cherry, after anti-season listing, economic benefit is obvious.

Claims (2)

1. postpone the large cherry method of resting stage, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

(1) place is selected: the plastic tunnel of selecting automatic curtain;

(2) low temperature control: in booth, mean temperature of air is 0-2 ℃;

(3) control sunshine: by add a cover heat-insulation layer and shade net on the plastic film of plastic tunnel, avoid sun exposure;

(4) ventilation time is controlled: by opening the automatic curtain of plastic tunnel, mid-November to Second Year by the end of February, daytime, whole day was added a cover heat-insulation layer and shade net, ventilate 1-3 every day, at every turn 1-3 hour; At the beginning of 3 months, start, daytime, whole day was added a cover heat-insulation layer and shade net, opened heat-insulation layer and shade net night, and 12-13 hour ventilates night;

(5) soil moisture is controlled: early September, by irrigating in advance, is controlled at 35%-45% by soil moisture; Before blooming, irrigate once again;

(6) come into bloom and control temperature of shed natural temperature transition outside canopy, slowly adapt to external environment;

By the selection of aforementioned place, low temperature control, control at sunshine, ventilation time control, soil moisture control and the control temperature of shed natural temperature transition outside canopy that comes into bloom, extend the resting stage of large cherry, make its dormancy time postpone 4-5 month than the normal hibernation phase, according to large cherry Time To Market, control the length of its dormancy time, its wish according to people is grown.

2. the method for postponement large cherry according to claim 1 resting stage, is characterized in that, in step (4), mid-November to Second Year by the end of February, daytime, whole day was added a cover heat-insulation layer and shade net, ventilate every day 2 times, each 2 hours.