CN114431063A - Planting method of fructus evodiae - Google Patents
Planting method of fructus evodiae Download PDFInfo
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- CN114431063A CN114431063A CN202210231479.4A CN202210231479A CN114431063A CN 114431063 A CN114431063 A CN 114431063A CN 202210231479 A CN202210231479 A CN 202210231479A CN 114431063 A CN114431063 A CN 114431063A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural crop cultivation, in particular to a method for planting fructus evodiae. The planting method comprises the following steps: transplanting the evodia rutaecarpa seedlings into a field for field planting in the first 2 months of the year, and carrying out first rotation long-term management; carrying out first round pruning in 12 months of the third year, carrying out second round growth period management after the first round pruning, carrying out first round topdressing in 7 months of the fourth year, and carrying out first round harvesting on the evodia rutaecarpa 6-10 days after the first round topdressing; carrying out second round pruning 0-5 days after the first round harvesting, carrying out third round growth period management after the second round pruning, respectively carrying out second round topdressing for 8 months and 9 months in the current year, and carrying out second round harvesting on the fructus evodiae in 11 months in the current year; the third round of growth phase management comprises the step of applying at least two times brassinolide. The invention can realize that the evodia rutaecarpa is harvested twice a year, and the yield is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural crop cultivation, in particular to a method for planting fructus evodiae.
Background
Evodia rutaecarpa, also known as evodia rutaecarpa, zanthoxylum tea, capsicum frutescens, capsicum oleoresin, etc., is a dry near-ripe fruit of Rutaceae plant Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., Gekko Swinhonis Eupataceae (Juss.) Benth., var. officinalis (Dode) Huang or Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., var. bodinieri (Dode) Huang. Has the effects of warming the middle-jiao to dispel cold and soothing the liver to relieve pain, can be used for treating diseases such as deficiency-cold stomachache, mouth and tongue sores, hypertension, angina pectoris, rheumatic arthritis and the like, is sold at home and abroad, is a main raw material medicine of a plurality of Chinese patent medicines such as Huatuo reproduced pills, costustoot qi-regulating pills, seven-flavor stomachache capsules and the like, and has very wide clinical application.
In the commercial specification, the evodia rutaecarpa is divided into large flowers, medium flowers and small flowers, wherein the medium flower evodia rutaecarpa has the highest price and the best quality. In recent years, the price fluctuation of the fructus evodiae is very serious and is 30-500 yuan/kg, and the main problems are that the fructus evodiae is not stable enough in production, farmers plant the fructus evodiae blindly with the wind when the price is high, and a large amount of fructus evodiae is felled when the price is low, so that the economic benefit of the planting of the farmers is seriously influenced, and the healthy development of the fructus evodiae industry is restricted.
Generally, the fructus evodiae blooms and fruits after planting for 2-3 years, and enters a stable yield and high yield period in the 4 th year. The method has the advantages that the method is used for harvesting once every year, the yield in the high-yield period is only 60-90 kg/mu, if the evodia rutaecarpa is harvested twice a year, the yield is greatly improved, the planting enthusiasm and the planting economic benefit of farmers are improved, the commodity price stability of the evodia rutaecarpa is facilitated, and the healthy development of the evodia rutaecarpa industry is promoted. However, how to promote the secondary fructification of the fructus evodiae so as to improve the yield of the medicinal materials is an important technical problem in the field of fructus evodiae planting.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides a planting method of fructus evodiae, and solves the problem of how to make fructus evodiae fruit twice.
The planting method of the fructus evodiae comprises the following steps:
transplanting the evodia rutaecarpa seedlings into a field for field planting in the first 2 months of the year, and carrying out first rotation long-term management;
carrying out first round pruning in 12 months in the third year, carrying out second round growth period management after the first round pruning, carrying out first round additional fertilization in 7 months in the fourth year, and carrying out first round harvesting on the evodia rutaecarpa 6-10 days after the first round additional fertilization;
carrying out second round pruning 0-5 days after the first round harvesting, carrying out third round growth period management after the second round pruning, respectively carrying out second round topdressing for 8 months and 9 months in the current year, and carrying out second round harvesting on the fructus evodiae in 11 months in the current year;
the third round of growth phase management comprises the step of applying at least two times brassinolide.
Optionally, the time of the first round of pruning is 12 middle and last months of the third year.
Further optionally, the time of the first round of pruning is 12 months and 15 days to 12 months and 25 days in the third year.
Optionally, the brassinolide is applied once in 8 th month of the fourth year and once in 9 th month of the fourth year.
Further optionally, the brassinolide is applied for 20 days at 8 months to 24 days at 8 months in the fourth year, and for 1 day at 9 months to 5 days at 9 months in the fourth year.
Optionally, the third round of growth phase management comprises the step of co-applying brassinolide in admixture with a pesticide.
Optionally, the pesticide is prochloraz.
Further optionally, the third round of growing period management comprises the steps of:
diluting 0.04% by mass of brassinolide by 8000-12000 times; diluting prochloraz with the mass fraction of 45% by 1000-1500 times, mixing the brassinolide diluent and the prochloraz diluent, and applying together.
Optionally, the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the fertilizer for the first round of additional fertilization is (30-32): (9-10): (10-12), wherein the application amount of the fertilizer is 0.1 kg/plant to 0.2 kg/plant.
In one embodiment, the fertilizer for the first round of top dressing is a high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer which can be applied in a drip irrigation mode, and is beneficial to promoting the emergence of new shoots of trees and the growth of leaves.
Optionally, the time of the first round of topdressing is 7 th Laue of the fourth year.
Further optionally, the time of the first round of topdressing is 7 months, 4 days to 7 months, 10 days in the fourth year.
Optionally, the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the fertilizer for the second round of additional fertilization is (10-14): (5-9): (30-40), wherein the application amount of the fertilizer is 0.1 kg/plant to 0.2 kg/plant.
In one embodiment, the fertilizer for the second round of topdressing is a high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, which is beneficial to promoting flower bud differentiation and fruit aging.
Optionally, the time for the first round of top dressing is 8 last ten months, and the time for the first round of top dressing is 9 last ten months.
Further optionally, the time for one second round of topdressing is 8 months, 26 days to 8 months, 30 days, and the time for one second round of topdressing is 9 months, 26 days to 9 months, 30 days.
Optionally, the time of the second round of harvesting is 11 months 15 days to 11 months 25 days in the fourth year.
Optionally, the first round of trimming and the second round of trimming are respectively independent: the method for the first round of trimming and the second round of trimming are respectively independent as follows: mainly combing branches and cutting off branches which are not used, cutting off branches which are not used from a base part, keeping 1-2 pairs of buds for the branches which are used, cutting off old branches at the position of 3-5cm above the buds, ensuring that the heights of the cut branches are consistent and the distance is 20-30cm, and then checking and wiping off the buds which are not used every 10-15 days.
Optionally, the branches not to be retained include, but are not limited to, bare-grown branches, dense branches, weak branches, diseased branches, overlapping branches, and the like.
The distance between the pruned branches is 20-30cm, so that the pruned branches can transmit light and are not mutually shielded.
Optionally, the first, second and third rotation growth period management independently comprise watering and weeding steps, respectively.
Optionally, the second cycle growth period management further comprises the steps of:
in 4 months in the fourth year, applying a high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is (10-14): 5-9): 30-40)), and applying the fertilizer in an amount of 0.1-0.2 kg per plant;
in 4 months in the fourth year, 40% by mass of the azole ether-tebuconazole is diluted 2500-3500 times, 45% by mass of the prochloraz is diluted 1000-1500 times, and the prochloraz is sprayed for 1-2 times at intervals of about 10 days.
Optionally, the first rotation growth period management further comprises the following steps:
pruning the young trees, wherein the pruning method comprises the following steps: and (4) pruning in the next year, setting the height of the trunk to be 60-80 cm, pruning the top of the trunk to slightly promote the branches, selecting and reserving 3-4 strong lateral branches, reserving the lateral branches with the length of 30-40 cm, and cultivating the lateral branches into main branches. And (4) pruning in the third year, reserving 3-4 auxiliary main branches for each main branch, wherein the length of each main branch is 30-50 cm, and cultivating the auxiliary main branches.
Respectively applying balanced macroelement water-soluble fertilizers (the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is (10-30): (10-30)) in 3 months in the first year, the second year and the third year, wherein the application amount is 0.1-0.2 kg/plant; in 5 months in the first year, the second year and the third year, respectively applying high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is (10-14): 5-9): 30-40)), and the application amount is 0.1-0.2 kg per plant; and in 12 months in the first year, the second year and the third year, applying 3-5 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per plant.
In the first year, the second year and the third year for 5 months, the azole ether-tebuconazole with the mass fraction of 40% is diluted by 2500-3500 times, the prochloraz with the mass fraction of 45% is diluted by 1000-1500 times, and the spraying is carried out for 1-2 times respectively at intervals of about 10 days.
Optionally, the transplanting of the evodia rutaecarpa seedlings into the field for field planting in the first 2 months comprises the following steps:
land preparation: soil preparation is carried out 9 months before the first year, the bottom soil and the surface soil are separately stacked, the soil is backfilled after the bottom soil is fully cured, the surface soil is filled firstly, the bottom soil is filled later, and the backfilling is carried out simultaneously by combining base fertilizer application. Applying 4-6 kg of decomposed farmyard manure in each hole, uniformly mixing with the crushed soil, filling a layer of soil and placing a layer of fertilizer.
Planting: transplanting and field planting seedlings with the height of about 50cm in 2 months in the first year, wherein the field planting density is as follows: 4m multiplied by 3m, planting one strain in each hole, and keeping the soil moist after planting.
Compared with the traditional scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
generally, the fructus evodiae blooms and fruits after planting for 2-3 years, the fructus evodiae enters a stable-yield and high-yield period in 4 th year, from 4 th year, the fructus evodiae is trimmed from 1 last ten days of the year to 2 last ten days of the year, daily watering, fertilizing, weeding, deinsectization and other management are carried out midway, the fruits are ripe in the middle and last ten days of the 8 th month of the year, harvesting is carried out once, and the high-yield period yield is only 60-90 kg/mu. In the planting method, the first round of fruit ripening time of the fructus evodiae is advanced, namely the fruit is ripe in 7 middle ten months, and the fruit is harvested once compared with the traditional method by advancing the first round of fruit pruning of the fructus evodiae, namely pruning in 12 months. And then pruning is carried out, the growth time of the secondary fruit of the evodia rutaecarpa is kept enough, normal daily watering, fertilization, weeding, deinsectization and other management are carried out, brassinolide is additionally applied as a growth regulator, the flower bud differentiation of the evodia rutaecarpa is promoted, the secondary fruit is promoted to be aged, the two harvests of the evodia rutaecarpa in one year can be realized, and the yield is greatly improved. The invention provides a method for secondary fructification of fructus evodiae for the first time, effectively increases the yield of fructus evodiae medicinal materials, improves the planting enthusiasm and planting economic benefit of farmers, is beneficial to the stability of the commodity price of the fructus evodiae, and promotes the healthy development of the fructus evodiae industry.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Term(s) for
Unless otherwise stated or contradicted, terms or phrases used herein have the following meanings:
in the present invention, the technical features described in the open type include a closed technical solution composed of the listed features, and also include an open technical solution including the listed features.
In the present invention, the numerical range is defined to include both end points of the numerical range unless otherwise specified.
In the present invention, the percentage content refers to both mass percentage for solid-liquid mixing and solid-solid phase mixing and volume percentage for liquid-liquid phase mixing, unless otherwise specified.
In the present invention, the percentage concentrations are referred to as final concentrations unless otherwise specified. The final concentration refers to the ratio of the added component in the system after the component is added.
1. Materials and methods
1.1 test materials
The tested evodia rutaecarpa variety is evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth, and the growth period of the plants is more than 3 years (including 3 years). The specification of the medicinal material is that of the Chinese traditional flower. The fertilizer is a balanced type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 20: 20: 20), a high-nitrogen type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 30: 10: 10) and a high-potassium type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 14: 6: 30), the manufacturers are Shandong Shenglin agriculture Limited, the manufacturers of 0.04% of brassinolide (water aqua) are Zhejiang Lai probiotic technology Limited, the manufacturers of 45% of prochloraz (water aqua) are Jiangsu Jianpai agriculture Limited, and the manufacturers of 40% of oxazolyl ether-tebuconazole (suspending agent) are Ruidefeng biological technology Limited in Dongguan.
1.2 conditions of the test
The test is carried out in a standardized planting base of the evodia rutaecarpa in the plateau of Lechang, Guangdong province, wherein the ground is a hilly land with the altitude of 300m, the altitude of 25 degrees, 15 '35' E and the altitude of 113 degrees, 05 '25' N, and belongs to the climate of mid-subtropical monsoon.
1.3 test design and methods
Comparative example
The comparison example provides a method for planting fructus evodiae, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: soil preparation is carried out in 2017, 9 and 21 days, bottom soil and surface soil are stacked separately, soil is backfilled after the bottom soil is fully cured, the surface soil is filled firstly, the bottom soil is filled later, and the backfilling is carried out simultaneously by combining base fertilizer application. Applying 5kg of decomposed farmyard manure in each hole, uniformly mixing the hole with the crushed soil, filling a layer of soil and placing a layer of fertilizer.
(2) Planting: transplanting and field planting are carried out on the seedlings with the height of about 50cm in 2018, 2 months and 14 days, and the field planting density is as follows: 4m multiplied by 3m, planting one strain in each hole, and keeping the soil moist after planting.
(3) First-round growth-period management:
pruning the young trees: pruning is carried out in 2019, 1 month and 10 days, the height of a trunk is determined to be 70cm, the top of the trunk is pruned to slightly promote the branches, 4 strong lateral branches are selected and reserved, the length of each lateral branch is 35cm, and the lateral branches are cultivated into main branches. Pruning is carried out in 5 days 1 month in 2020, each main branch is provided with 3 auxiliary main branches with the length of 40cm, and the auxiliary main branches are cultivated.
Fertilizing, irrigating, weeding and deinsectizing: 2018. 0.1 kg/plant of balanced type macroelement water soluble fertilizer is applied in 3 months in 2019 and 2020 respectively, 0.1 kg/plant of high-potassium type macroelement water soluble fertilizer is applied in 5 months in 2018, 2019 and 2020 respectively, and 4 kg/plant of decomposed farmyard manure is applied in 12 months in 2018, 2019 and 2020 respectively. Irrigation is determined according to soil moisture content, and watering is carried out when drought exists; weeding in the field when the weeds grow and spread, and intertilling and weeding when the weeds are still in the early growth stage and do not blossom and bear fruits; deinsectization: 2018. in 5 months of 2019 and 2020, the azole ether-tebuconazole with the mass fraction of 40% is diluted 3000 times, the prochloraz with the mass fraction of 45% is diluted 1200 times, and the prochloraz is sprayed for 1 time respectively at intervals of about 10 days.
(4) First round pruning: pruning in 2021 year, 1 month and 20 days; the pruning method comprises the following steps: combing branches and cutting branches are used as main parts, and unnecessary long branches, excessive dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches, overlapped branches and the like are cut from the base parts. And reserving 1-2 pairs of buds on the reserved branches, and shearing old branches from the positions 3-5cm above the buds to ensure that the pruned branches have consistent height and spacing of 20-30cm so as to be transparent and not mutually shielded. After every 10-15 days, the shoots not left are checked for smear.
(5) Second round of growth-term management
Irrigation, fertilization, weeding and deinsectization: irrigation is determined according to soil moisture content, and watering is carried out when drought exists; weeding in the field when the weeds grow and spread, and intertilling and weeding when the weeds are still in the early growth stage and do not blossom and bear fruits; applying the fertilizer to 2021 year, 5 month and 20 days, applying a high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, wherein the application amount is 0.2kg per plant, deinsectizing is respectively sprayed for 1 time on 5 month and 8 days in 2021 year and on 5 month and 18 days in 2021 year, the pesticide is diluted 3000 times (5 months and 8 days in 2021 year) by the pyrazofen-tebuconazole with the mass fraction of 40% twice, the application amount is 100 g/mu, and the application amount is 500 mL/mu by diluting 1200 times (5 months and 18 days in 2021 year) by the prochloraz with the mass fraction of 45%.
(6) The fruits ripen in 2021 year, 8 months and 10 days, collected 1 time, dried in the sun, and the fruit stalks and impurities are removed, and the calculated yield is shown in table 1.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a planting method of fructus evodiae, which comprises the following steps:
(1) same as in steps (1) to (3) of the control group.
(2) First round pruning: a first round of pruning is performed 12, 15 days in 2020; the pruning method comprises the following steps: combing branches and short branches are taken as main parts, and unnecessary long branches, excessive dense branches, thin and weak branches, insect-disease branches, overlapped branches and the like are cut from the base part. And reserving 1-2 pairs of buds on the reserved branches, and shearing old branches from the positions 3-5cm above the buds to ensure that the pruned branches have consistent height and spacing of 20-30cm so as to be transparent and not mutually shielded. After every 10-15 days, the shoots not left are checked for smear.
(3) Second round of growth period management
Irrigation, weeding, fertilization and deinsectization: irrigation is determined according to soil moisture content, and watering is carried out when drought occurs; weeding in the field when the weeds grow and spread, and intertilling and weeding when the weeds are still in the early growth stage and do not blossom and bear fruits; applying the fertilizer to 18 months in 2021, applying a high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, wherein the application amount is 0.2kg per plant, deinsectizing is respectively sprayed for 1 time on 10 days in 4 months in 2021 and 20 days in 4 months in 2021, the pesticide is diluted 3000 times (10 days in 4 months in 2021) by the carfentrazone-tebuconazole with the mass fraction of 40 percent twice, the application amount is 100 g/mu, and prochloraz with the mass fraction of 45 percent is diluted 1200 times (20 days in 4 months in 2021) by the carfentrazone-ethyl with the mass fraction of 500 mL/mu.
(4) First round of topdressing: applying 0.1kg of high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer per plant in 7, 4 and 2021 in a drip irrigation manner.
(5) First round harvesting and second round trimming: the harvest was carried out 1 time 6 days after the first round of topdressing (7 months and 10 days 2021), and the calculated yield is shown in table 1. Meanwhile, carrying out a second round of pruning on the same day, wherein the pruning method comprises the following steps: combing branches and cutting branches are used as main parts, and unnecessary long branches, excessive dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches, overlapped branches and the like are cut from the base parts. And reserving 1-2 pairs of buds on the reserved branches, and shearing old branches from the positions 3-5cm above the buds to ensure that the pruned branches have consistent height and spacing of 20-30cm so as to be transparent and not mutually shielded. After every 10-15 days, the shoots not left are checked for smear.
(6) Third round of growing period management
Irrigation and weeding: irrigation is determined according to soil moisture content, and watering is carried out when drought exists; weeding is carried out in the field when the weeds are spread and are still in the early growth stage and do not blossom or bear fruits.
Fertilizing and deinsectizing: the mixed pesticide fertilizer of fertilizer and pesticide is used for fertilizing and deinsectization, 2 mL/plant of 0.04% brassinolide and 16 mL/plant of prochloraz are respectively sprayed for 1 time in 8-20 days in 2021 year and 9-1 days in 2021 year respectively, so that the flower bud differentiation is promoted and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented; the two times of fertilizers are respectively 8000 times (8 months and 20 days in 2021) and 12000 times (9 months and 1 day in 2021) of brassinolide with the mass fraction of 0.04%; the pesticide is diluted 1000 times (8 months and 20 days in 2021) and 1500 times (9 months and 1 day in 2021) by 45 percent of prochloraz at two times respectively.
(7) And (3) second round of topdressing: respectively applying high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time at 26 days 8 and 26 days 9 and 26 days 2021 to promote flower bud differentiation and fruit aging, wherein the application amount is 0.1kg per plant.
(8) And (4) harvesting in the second round: collected 1 time in 2021 year, 11 months and 15 days, dried in the sun, and the fruit stalks and impurities are removed, and the calculated yield is shown in table 1.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a planting method of fructus evodiae, which comprises the following steps:
(1) same as in steps (1) to (3) of the control group.
(2) First round pruning: a first round of pruning is performed at 20 days 12/2020; the pruning method comprises the following steps: combing branches and cutting branches are used as main parts, and unnecessary long branches, excessive dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches, overlapped branches and the like are cut from the base parts. And reserving 1-2 pairs of buds on the reserved branches, and shearing old branches from the positions 3-5cm above the buds to ensure that the pruned branches have consistent height and spacing of 20-30cm so as to be transparent and not mutually shielded. After every 10-15 days, the shoots not left are checked for smear.
(3) Second round of growth period management
Irrigation, weeding, fertilization and deinsectization: irrigation is determined according to soil moisture content, and watering is carried out when drought exists; weeding in the field when the weeds grow and spread, and intertilling and weeding when the weeds are still in the early growth stage and do not blossom and bear fruits; applying the fertilizer to 2021, 4 and 21 days, applying a high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, wherein the application amount is 0.2 kg/plant, deinsectizing is respectively sprayed for 1 time on 12 days at 4 and 4 months at 2021 and 23 days at 4 and 4 months at 2021, the pesticide is diluted 3000 times (12 days at 4 and 12 months at 2021) by the pyrazofen-tebuconazole with the mass fraction of 40 percent twice, the application amount is 100 g/mu, and the application amount is 500 mL/mu by diluting 1200 times (23 days at 4 and 23 months at 2021) by the prochloraz with the mass fraction of 45 percent.
(4) First round of topdressing: applying a high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode in 7 months and 7 days in 2021, wherein the application amount is 0.15kg per plant.
(5) First round harvesting and second round trimming: 1 harvest 8 days after the first round of topdressing (7 months and 15 days in 2021) and the calculated yield is shown in table 1. Meanwhile, carrying out a second round of pruning on the same day, wherein the pruning method comprises the following steps: combing branches and cutting branches are used as main parts, and unnecessary long branches, excessive dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches, overlapped branches and the like are cut from the base parts. And reserving 1-2 pairs of buds on the reserved branches, and shearing old branches from the positions 3-5cm above the buds to ensure that the pruned branches have consistent height and spacing of 20-30cm so as to be transparent and not mutually shielded. After every 10-15 days, the shoots not left are checked for smear.
(6) Third round of growing period management
Irrigation and weeding: irrigation is determined according to soil moisture content, and watering is carried out when drought exists; weeding is carried out in the field when the weeds are spread and are still in the early growth stage and do not blossom or bear fruits.
Fertilizing and deinsectizing: the mixed pesticide fertilizer of fertilizer and pesticide is used for fertilizing and deinsectization, 2 mL/plant of 0.04% brassinolide and 16 mL/plant of prochloraz are respectively sprayed for 1 time in 22 days at 8 months in 2021 and 3 days at 9 months in 2021, so that the flower bud differentiation is promoted and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented; the two times of fertilizers are respectively 8000 times (8 months and 22 days in 2021) and 12000 times (9 months and 3 days in 2021) of brassinolide with the mass fraction of 0.04%; the pesticide is diluted 1000 times (8 months and 22 days in 2021) and 1500 times (9 months and 3 days in 2021) by 45 percent of prochloraz at two times respectively.
(7) And (3) second round of topdressing: respectively applying high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time in 28 days 8 and 28 days 9 and 28 days 2021, respectively, and respectively promoting flower bud differentiation and fruit aging, wherein the application amount is 0.15kg per plant.
(8) And (4) harvesting in the second round: collected 1 time in 20 days 11 months in 2021 year, dried in the sun, and the fruit stalks and impurities are removed, and the calculated yield is shown in table 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a planting method of fructus evodiae, which comprises the following steps:
(1) same as in steps (1) - (3) of the control group.
(2) First round pruning: a first round of pruning is performed in 2020, 12 and 25 months; the pruning method comprises the following steps: combing branches and short branches are taken as main parts, and unnecessary long branches, excessive dense branches, thin and weak branches, insect-disease branches, overlapped branches and the like are cut from the base part. And reserving 1-2 pairs of buds on the reserved branches, and shearing old branches from the positions 3-5cm above the buds to ensure that the pruned branches have consistent height and spacing of 20-30cm so as to be transparent and not mutually shielded. After every 10-15 days, the shoots not left are checked for smear.
(3) Second round of growth period management
Irrigation, weeding, fertilization and deinsectization: irrigation is determined according to soil moisture content, and watering is carried out when drought exists; weeding in the field when the weeds grow and spread, and intertilling and weeding when the weeds are still in the early growth stage and do not blossom and bear fruits; applying the fertilizer to 2021, 4 and 25 days, applying a high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, wherein the application amount is 0.2kg per plant, deinsectizing is respectively sprayed for 1 time on each of 2021, 4 and 15 days and 2021, 4 and 26 days, the pesticide is diluted 3000 times (2021, 4 and 15 days) by using carfentrazone-tebuconazole with the mass fraction of 40 percent twice, the application amount is 100 g/mu, and the application amount is 500 mL/mu by using prochloraz with the mass fraction of 45 percent (2021, 4, 26 days).
(4) First round of topdressing: applying a high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode in 7, 10 and 2021, wherein the application amount is 0.2kg per plant.
(5) First round harvesting and second round trimming: 1 harvest 10 days after the first round of top dressing (20/7/2021), and the calculated yield is shown in table 1. Meanwhile, carrying out a second round of pruning on the same day, wherein the pruning method comprises the following steps: combing branches and cutting branches are used as main parts, and unnecessary long branches, excessive dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches, overlapped branches and the like are cut from the base parts. And reserving 1-2 pairs of buds on the reserved branches, and shearing old branches from the positions 3-5cm above the buds to ensure that the pruned branches have consistent height and spacing of 20-30cm so as to be transparent and not mutually shielded. After every 10-15 days, the shoots not left are checked for smear.
(6) Third round of growing period management
Irrigation and weeding: irrigation is determined according to soil moisture content, and watering is carried out when drought exists; weeding is carried out in the field when the weeds are spread and are still in the early growth stage and do not blossom or bear fruits.
Fertilizing and deinsectizing: the mixed pesticide fertilizer of fertilizer and pesticide is used for fertilizing and deinsectization, 2 mL/plant of 0.04% brassinolide and 16 mL/plant of prochloraz are respectively sprayed for 1 time at 24 days at 8 months and 5 days at 9 months at 2021 year, so that the flower bud differentiation is promoted and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented; the fertilizer is diluted 8000 times (24 months at 8 months in 2021) and 12000 times (5 days at 9 months in 2021) respectively by 0.04 percent of brassinolide twice; the pesticide is diluted 1000 times (8 months and 24 days in 2021) and 1500 times (9 months and 5 days in 2021) by 45 percent of prochloraz at two times respectively.
(7) And (3) second round of topdressing: respectively applying high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time in 8 months and 30 days in 2021 and 9 months and 30 days in 2021, respectively, and respectively promoting flower bud differentiation and fruit aging, wherein the application amount is 0.2kg per plant.
(8) And (4) harvesting in the second round: collected 1 time in 2021 year, 11 months and 25 days, dried in the sun, and the fruit stalks and impurities are removed, and the calculated yield is shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a planting method of fructus evodiae, which comprises the following steps:
(1) same as in steps (1) to (3) of the control group.
(2) First round pruning: performing a first round of pruning in 20 days 1 month in 2020; the pruning method comprises the following steps: combing branches and cutting branches are used as main parts, and unnecessary long branches, excessive dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches, overlapped branches and the like are cut from the base parts. And reserving 1-2 pairs of buds on the reserved branches, and shearing old branches from the positions 3-5cm above the buds to ensure that the pruned branches have consistent height and spacing of 20-30cm so as to be transparent and not mutually shielded. After every 10-15 days, the shoots not left are checked for smear.
(3) Second round of growth period management
Irrigation, weeding, fertilization and deinsectization: irrigation is determined according to soil moisture content, and watering is carried out when drought exists; weeding in the field when the weeds grow and spread, and intertilling and weeding when the weeds are still in the early growth stage and do not blossom and bear fruits; fertilizing for 20 days at 2021 year 5 month, applying high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer (mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 14: 6: 30) by drip irrigation, applying 0.2kg per plant, respectively spraying 1 time on 9 days at 2021 year 5 month and 20 days at 2021 year 5 month, wherein the pesticide is diluted 3000 times (9 days at 2021 year 5 month) by 40% of carfentrazone-tebuconazole twice, applying 100 g/mu, diluting 1200 times (20 days at 2021 year 5 month) by 45% of prochloraz, and applying 500 mL/mu.
(4) First round of topdressing: applying a high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode at 8, 7 and 2021, wherein the application amount is 0.15kg per plant.
(5) First round harvesting and second round trimming: 1 harvest 8 days after the first round of topdressing (8 months and 15 days in 2021) and the calculated yield is shown in table 1. Meanwhile, carrying out second round of trimming on the same day, wherein the trimming method comprises the following steps: combing branches and cutting branches are used as main parts, and unnecessary long branches, excessive dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches, overlapped branches and the like are cut from the base parts. And reserving 1-2 pairs of buds on the reserved branches, and shearing old branches from the positions 3-5cm above the buds to ensure that the pruned branches have consistent height and spacing of 20-30cm so as to be transparent and not mutually shielded. After every 10-15 days, the shoots not left are checked for smear.
(6) Third round of growing period management
Irrigation and weeding: irrigation is determined according to soil moisture content, and watering is carried out when drought exists; weeding is carried out in the field when the weeds are spread and are still in the early growth stage and do not blossom or bear fruits.
Fertilizing and deinsectizing: the mixed pesticide fertilizer of fertilizer and pesticide is used for fertilizing and deinsectization, 2 mL/plant of 0.04% brassinolide and 16 mL/plant of prochloraz are respectively sprayed for 1 time in 22 days at 9 months in 2021 and 3 days at 10 months in 2021, so that the flower bud differentiation is promoted and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented; the two times of fertilizers are respectively 8000 times (9 months and 22 days in 2021) and 12000 times (10 months and 3 days in 2021) of brassinolide with the mass fraction of 0.04%; the pesticide is diluted 1000 times (9 months and 22 days in 2021) and 1500 times (10 months and 3 days in 2021) by 45 percent of prochloraz at two times respectively.
(7) And (3) second round of topdressing: respectively applying high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time in 28 days in 9 months and 28 days in 10 months and 28 days in 2021 years, respectively, and respectively promoting flower bud differentiation and fruit aging, wherein the application amount is 0.15kg per plant.
(7) And (4) harvesting in the second round: collected 1 time in 2021 year, 12 months and 10 days, dried in the sun, and the fruit stalks and impurities are removed, and the calculated yield is shown in table 1.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a planting method of fructus evodiae, which comprises the following steps:
(1) same as in steps (1) to (3) of the control group.
(2) First round pruning: a first round of pruning is performed at 20 days 12/2020; the pruning method comprises the following steps: combing branches and cutting branches are used as main parts, and unnecessary long branches, excessive dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches, overlapped branches and the like are cut from the base parts. And reserving 1-2 pairs of buds on the reserved branches, and shearing old branches from the positions 3-5cm above the buds to ensure that the pruned branches have consistent height and spacing of 20-30cm so as to be transparent and not mutually shielded. After every 10-15 days, the shoots not left are checked for smear.
(3) Second round of growth period management
Irrigation, weeding, fertilization and deinsectization: irrigation is determined according to soil moisture content, and watering is carried out when drought exists; weeding in the field when the weeds grow and spread, and intertilling and weeding when the weeds are still in the early growth stage and do not blossom and bear fruits; applying the fertilizer to 2021 year, 4 month and 20 days, applying a high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation mode, wherein the application amount is 0.2 kg/plant, deinsectizing is respectively sprayed for 1 time on the 4 month and 10 days in 2021 year and 4 month and 22 days in 2021 year, the pesticide is diluted 3000 times (10 days in 2021 year, 4 month and 10 days in 2021 year) by the pyrazofen-tebuconazole with the mass fraction of 40 percent twice, the application amount is 100 g/mu, the application amount is diluted 1200 times (22 days in 2021 year, 4 month and 22 days in 2021 year) by the prochloraz with the mass fraction of 45 percent, and the application amount is 500 mL/mu.
(4) First round of topdressing: applying a high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer in a drip irrigation mode in 7 months and 7 days in 2021, wherein the application amount is 0.15kg per plant.
(5) First round harvesting and second round trimming: 1 harvest 8 days after the first round of topdressing (7 months and 15 days in 2021) and the calculated yield is shown in table 1. Meanwhile, carrying out a second round of pruning on the same day, wherein the pruning method comprises the following steps: combing branches and cutting branches are used as main parts, and unnecessary long branches, excessive dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches, overlapped branches and the like are cut from the base parts. And reserving 1-2 pairs of buds on the reserved branches, and shearing old branches from the positions 3-5cm above the buds to ensure that the pruned branches have consistent height and spacing of 20-30cm so as to be transparent and not mutually shielded. After every 10-15 days, the shoots not left are checked for smear.
(6) Third round of growing period management
Irrigation and weeding: irrigation is determined according to soil moisture content, and watering is carried out when drought exists; weeding is carried out in the field when the weeds are spread and are still in the early growth stage and do not blossom or bear fruits.
Deinsectization: spraying pesticide for 1 time respectively at 22 days 8 and 3 days 9 and 3 days 2021 to prevent diseases and insect pests; the pesticide is diluted 1000 times (8 months and 22 days in 2021) and 1500 times (9 months and 3 days in 2021) by 45 percent of prochloraz at two times respectively.
(7) And (3) second round of topdressing: respectively applying high-potassium macroelement water-soluble fertilizer for 1 time in 28 days 8 and 28 days 9 and 28 days 2021, respectively, and respectively promoting flower bud differentiation and fruit aging, wherein the application amount is 0.15kg per plant.
(8) And (4) harvesting in the second round: collected 1 time in 2021 year, 12 months and 10 days, dried in the sun, and the fruit stalks and impurities are removed, and the calculated yield is shown in table 1.
Summarizing or calculating the total yield of the primary or secondary harvest of the control example, the embodiment and the comparative example, and carrying out quality detection by referring to a pharmacopeia method, wherein the quality detection standard is as follows: the total content of evodiamine and rutaecarpine in different test groups of evodia rutaecarpa medicinal materials is more than 0.15 percent, the content of limonin is more than 0.20 percent, and the content of leachates is more than 30.0 percent, thus meeting the requirements of pharmacopoeia. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, by adopting the planting method of the fructus evodiae, compared with the traditional method of a control group, the yield can be at least improved by 57.7%, the quality of the medicinal materials meets the requirements of pharmacopoeia, and the economic benefit is improved particularly obviously. Moreover, the time of the second round of harvesting can be reserved by advancing the time of the first round of trimming in advance, the yield of the first round of harvesting and the yield of the second round of harvesting can be better, and after the first round of harvesting, the amount of brassinolide used as a growth regulator is increased, so that the yield of the second round of harvesting can be improved.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The planting method of the fructus evodiae is characterized by comprising the following steps:
transplanting the evodia rutaecarpa seedlings into a field for field planting in the first 2 months of the year, and carrying out first rotation long-term management;
carrying out first round pruning in 12 months of the third year, carrying out second round growth period management after the first round pruning, carrying out first round topdressing in 7 months of the fourth year, and carrying out first round harvesting on the evodia rutaecarpa 6-10 days after the first round topdressing;
carrying out second round pruning 0-5 days after the first round harvesting, carrying out third round growth period management after the second round pruning, respectively carrying out second round topdressing for 8 months and 9 months in the current year, and carrying out second round harvesting on the fructus evodiae in 11 months in the current year;
the third round of growth phase management comprises the step of applying at least two times brassinolide.
2. The planting method of evodia rutaecarpa according to claim 1, wherein the time for the first round of pruning is 12 months and 15 days to 12 months and 25 days in the third year.
3. The planting method of evodia rutaecarpa according to claim 1, wherein the brassinolide is applied once for 20 days at 8 months to 24 days at 8 months in the fourth year, and is applied once for 1 day at 9 months to 5 days at 9 months in the fourth year.
4. The planting method of evodia rutaecarpa according to claim 1, wherein the third round of growth phase management comprises the following steps:
diluting 0.04% by mass of brassinolide by 8000-12000 times; diluting prochloraz with the mass fraction of 45% by 1000-1500 times, mixing the brassinolide diluent and the prochloraz diluent, and applying together.
5. The planting method of the evodia rutaecarpa according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fertilizer for the first round of additional fertilization comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a mass ratio of (30-32): (9-10): (10-12), wherein the application amount of the fertilizer is 0.1 kg/plant to 0.2 kg/plant.
6. The planting method of fructus evodiae as claimed in claim 5, wherein the time for the first round of additional fertilization is from 7 months 4 days to 7 months 10 days in the fourth year.
7. The planting method of the fructus evodiae as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer for the second round of additional fertilization is (10-14): (5-9): (30-40), wherein the application amount of the fertilizer is 0.1 kg/plant to 0.2 kg/plant.
8. The planting method of fructus evodiae as claimed in claim 7, wherein the time for one second round of topdressing is 8 months, 26 days to 8 months, 30 days, and the time for one second round of topdressing is 9 months, 26 days to 9 months, 30 days.
9. The planting method of fructus evodiae according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the time for the second round of harvesting is 11 months 15 days to 11 months 25 days in the fourth year.
10. The planting method of evodia rutaecarpa according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first round of pruning and the second round of pruning are respectively independent as follows: combing branches and cutting short branches as main parts, cutting branches which are not used for remaining from a base part, keeping 1-2 pairs of buds for the branches which are used for remaining, cutting off old branches at the position of 3-5cm above the buds to ensure that the heights of the cut branches are consistent, the distance is 20-30cm, and then checking and wiping off the buds which are not used for remaining every 10-15 days; and/or
The first rotation growth period management, the second rotation growth period management and the third rotation growth period management respectively and independently comprise watering and weeding steps.
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