CN103650804A

CN103650804A - Artificial cultivation method for dogwoods

Info

Publication number: CN103650804A
Application number: CN201210314150.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 成元
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-08-28
Filing date: 2012-08-28
Publication date: 2014-03-26

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation technologies, in particular to an artificial cultivation method for dogwoods. The method is characterized in that through control over the steps of processing propagation seeds, culturing propagation substrates and managing grown seedling cultivation, efficient artificial cultivation for the dogwoods is achieved. The artificial cultivation method has the advantages that seed processing is adopted for the propagation method for the dogwoods, easy to operate and convenient to operate; the cultured substrates are natural and environmentally friendly, and are organic substrates and high in survival rate of grown seedlings; according to the field management, scientific management is performed according to the growth characteristics of the dogwoods, so that planting benefits are improved.

Description

The artificial cultivation method of dogwood

Technical field

The present invention relates to Chinese herbal medicine cultivation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of artificial cultivation method of dogwood.

Background technology

Dogwood, has another name called cornus officinalis sieb et zucc, medicine jujube, real jujube, fructus corni, meat jujube etc., is the conventional rare traditional Chinese medicine of China, and applicating history is long.It is gentle with its benefit power, establishing-Yang and do not help fire, enriching yin and oiliness diaphragm, convergence and do not stay the evil special efficacy that waits by successive dynasties use that medical science is liked.Zhang Zhongjing be take dogwood and has been formulated " chinkuei shin chewan pills " as monarch.According to chemical analysis, dogwood contains the active ingredients such as cornin, tartaric acid, gallic acid, malic acid, resin, tannin and multivitamin that physiologically active is stronger, having and strengthen immunity, anti-inflammatory, the pharmacological action such as antibacterial, is the medicine simply of commonly using in tcm clinical practice.

The phytomorph of dogwood is machaka or arbor; Branch pitchy.Single leaf is to life, avette to oval, rare ovum shape lanceolar, long 5～12 centimetres, top is point gradually, base portion wedge shape is dredged life above and is pasted hair, below hair closeer, 6～8 pairs of lateral veins, arteries and veins armpit tool yellowish-brown beard.The first leaf of umbel is bloomed, and armpit is raw, 4 pieces of small-sized bracts of lower tool, bract oval, brown; Brightly yellowish look; Calyx 4 splits, the wide triangle of sliver; Petal 4, avette; Floral disc ring-type, meat; Ovary is the next.Drupe is oval, red, glossy when ripe, exocarp keratin, and mesocarp meat, flesh fruit core skin is hard wooden.Grow and require as soil property is fertile, soil layer is deep, well-drained loam and sandy soil.Dogwood can safe overwintering in Beijing area, Cheng Shu in Jinzhong City, area, south, Shanxi also can safe overwintering.To 8～17.5 ℃ of requirement for environmental conditions (1) benign climate year-round average temperatures, the strong cold resistance of tool, can resistance to of short duration-18 ℃ of low temperature, and annual rainfall is the area of 600～1500 millimeters.(2) landform is distributed in Schattenseite more, the mountain valley of half Schattenseite and tailo, bottom, mountain.Low mountain cultivation with 250～800 meters of height above sea level is more.

< < Compendium of Materia Medica > > carries: " dogwood, cures mainly perverse trend fever and chills under the heart, in temperature, by cold warm numbness, goes three worms, and clothes are made light of one's life by commiting suicide for a long time; There are reinforcing yin essence benefit essence, five viscera settling, logical nine orifices, stop the merit of dribbling urination; Take for a long time improving eyesight, brute force all the year round ".Along with economic development, people more and more pay attention to the maintenance of health, the application of Chinese herbal medicine, promoted greatly the development of the plantation of Chinese herbal medicine, particularity due to dogwood planting technology, dogwood plantation does not also form scale, causes the in short supply of market Fructus Corni, becomes the development of restriction Chinese patent drug.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to adopt the specially treated to dogwood seed, according to the biological nature of dogwood, carry out soilless substrate plantation, improve the fertility of dogwood.

To achieve these goals, the concrete technical scheme that the present invention adopts is as follows:

One, the processing of breeding seed

Seed is positioned in 1%～2% alkali lye, and hand rubbing 3～5 minutes, then adds 80～90 ℃ of hot water and stirs, until water logging there is not seed.Park 20～30 minutes, then rub with the hands 3～5 minutes, rear with cold water bubble 24 hours, then seed is pulled out and shone 8 hours, 3 days so repeatedly, treated that 90% kind of shell shake opens, with wet, huskyly by 4: 1, mixes rear sand Tibetan with seed, begin sowing in good time.

Two, the cultivation of breeding matrix

The cultivation of dogwood breeding and seedling matrix is to collect the discarded object of trees, piles the outdoor placement of mound shape, after 2-3 becomes thoroughly decomposed naturally, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element, after mixing, add a certain amount of insecticide matrix.Described trees discarded object is fallen leaves and/or the deadwood of Chinese fir, pine tree or cypress, kilogram number of the nitrogen adding in fibrous material per ton, phosphorus, potassium element is 7.5～10: 12～15: 15～18, and the insecticide content adding in soilless substrate per ton is 50～150 grams.

Three, the management of growing nursery and culture

1, grow seedlings: in annual spring, the seed of handling well is sown in the seedling-cultivating tray that matrix is housed uniformly, covers thin soil, compacting is watered.After emerging, when growing to 3～4 true leaves, seedling carries out thinning and hardening.While growing to 60～80 centimetres high, terminal bud is cut off, impel collateral generation.

2, transplant: 40～60 centimetres of Second Year heights of seedling in spring can be transplanted, per hectare 450～750 strains of planting are advisable, and the plot per hectare of intercropping and interplanting thing is planted to 300 strains left and right.During field planting, press distance between rows and hills 2m * 2m.Open cave plantation.Timely maintenance management after planting.

3, field management: after field planting, annual intertill and clean tillage is 4～5 times; 5, enrich superphosphate June, promote flower bud differentiation, improve percentage of fertile fruit.Earth up summer 1 time, with lodging-prevention.Treelet, to be shaped as master, is trimmed to auxiliary.Dogwood is long, middle fruit spur all be take top bud result as main, the unsuitable cutting back of all kinds of fruit branches.Bearing tree was pruned in spring, two seasons of autumn, and the contradiction between growth regulation and result, upgrades fruit bearing shoot group, retained growth branch, carried out cutting back, promoted branch.

4, extermination of disease and insect pest disease has grey felt fungus, is infected their early stage spray bordeaux mixture protection in 1: 1: 100 by scale insect.Anthracnose, in the early June morbidity fruit of causing harm, the method for preventing and treating is referring to grey felt fungus.Powdery mildew, the plant of causing harm, their early stage sprays 1000 times of liquid of 50% topsin.Insect pest has the moth fruit moth fruit of causing harm, the adult eclosion Sheng phase spray 2.5% bromine cyanogen chrysanthemum selection of land whole select draining good, fertile loose sandy loam or loam ground.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is the seed treatment that the propagation method of dogwood adopts, simple, easy to operate; The environmental protection of culture matrix nature, is organic substrate, and survival rate of seedling is high; Field management, according to the growth characteristics of dogwood, carries out scientific management, improves planting benefit.

Embodiment

The present invention, in conjunction with the concrete implantation methods of planting base, is described further.

Embodiment mono-:

(1), the processing of breeding seed is positioned over seed in 1%～2% alkali lye, hand rubbing 3～5 minutes, then adds 80～90 ℃ of hot water and stirs, until water logging there is not seed.Park 20～30 minutes, then rub with the hands 3～5 minutes, rear with cold water bubble 24 hours, then seed is pulled out and shone 8 hours, 3 days so repeatedly, treated that 90% kind of shell shake opens, with wet, huskyly by 4: 1, mixes rear sand Tibetan with seed, begin sowing in good time.

(2), the cultivation of cultivation dogwood breeding and seedling matrix of breeding matrix is to collect the discarded object of trees, piles the outdoor placement of mound shape, after 2-3 becomes thoroughly decomposed naturally, adds nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element, after mixing, add a certain amount of insecticide matrix.Described trees discarded object is fallen leaves and/or the deadwood of Chinese fir, pine tree or cypress, kilogram number of the nitrogen adding in fibrous material per ton, phosphorus, potassium element is 7.5～10: 12～15: 15～18, and the insecticide content adding in soilless substrate per ton is 50～150 grams.

(3), the management (1) of growing nursery and culture, grow seedlings: in annual spring, the seed of handling well is sown in the seedling-cultivating tray that matrix is housed uniformly, covers thin soil, compacting is watered.After emerging, when growing to 3～4 true leaves, seedling carries out thinning and hardening.While growing to 60～80 centimetres high, terminal bud is cut off, impel collateral generation.(2), transplant: 40～60 centimetres of Second Year heights of seedling in spring can be transplanted, and per hectare 450～750 strains of planting are advisable, and the plot per hectare of intercropping and interplanting thing is planted to 300 strains left and right.During field planting, press distance between rows and hills 2m * 2m.Open cave plantation.Timely maintenance management after planting.(3), field management: after field planting, annual intertill and clean tillage is 4～5 times; 5, enrich superphosphate June, promote flower bud differentiation, improve percentage of fertile fruit.Earth up summer 1 time, with lodging-prevention.Treelet, to be shaped as master, is trimmed to auxiliary.Dogwood is long, middle fruit spur all be take top bud result as main, the unsuitable cutting back of all kinds of fruit branches.Bearing tree was pruned in spring, two seasons of autumn, and the contradiction between growth regulation and result, upgrades fruit bearing shoot group, retained growth branch, carried out cutting back, promoted branch.(4), extermination of disease and insect pest disease has grey felt fungus, infected their early stage spray bordeaux mixture protection in 1: 1: 100 by scale insect.Anthracnose, in the early June morbidity fruit of causing harm, the method for preventing and treating is referring to grey felt fungus.Powdery mildew, the plant of causing harm, their early stage sprays 1000 times of liquid of 50% topsin.Insect pest has the moth fruit moth fruit of causing harm, the adult eclosion Sheng phase spray 2.5% bromine cyanogen chrysanthemum selection of land whole select draining good, fertile loose sandy loam or loam ground.

According to the experiment of planting base, survival rate of seedling of the present invention brings up to 96.7%, and seedling growth rate improves 23%, fruiting rate 1 year ahead of time, and 2 years ahead of time high yield period, planting benefit improves 26.7%.

Claims

1. the artificial cultivation method of dogwood, is characterized in that the method includes the steps of:

(1), the processing of breeding seed is that seed is positioned in 1%～2% alkali lye, hand rubbing 3～5 minutes, then adds 80～90 ℃ of hot water and stirs, until water logging there is not seed, park 20～30 minutes, rub with the hands again 3～5 minutes, rear with cold water bubble 24 hours, then seed is pulled out and shone 8 hours, 3 days so repeatedly, treated that 90% kind of shell shake opens, with wet, huskyly by 4: 1, has mixed rear sand Tibetan with seed, begun sowing in good time;

(2), the cultivation of breeding matrix is that the cultivation of dogwood breeding and seedling matrix is to collect the discarded object of trees, pile the outdoor placement of mound shape, after 2-3 becomes thoroughly decomposed naturally, add nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element, after mixing, add a certain amount of insecticide matrix, described trees discarded object is fallen leaves and/or the deadwood of Chinese fir, pine tree or cypress, kilogram number of the nitrogen adding in fibrous material per ton, phosphorus, potassium element is 7.5～10: 12～15: 15～18, and the insecticide content adding in soilless substrate per ton is 50～150 grams;

(3), the management of growing nursery and culture

1. grow seedlings: in annual spring, the seed of handling well is sown in the seedling-cultivating tray that matrix is housed uniformly, covers thin soil, compacting is watered.After emerging, when growing to 3～4 true leaves, seedling carries out thinning and hardening; While growing to 60～80 centimetres high, terminal bud is cut off, impel collateral generation; 2. transplant: 40～60 centimetres of Second Year heights of seedling in spring can be transplanted, per hectare 450～750 strains of planting are advisable, and the plot per hectare of intercropping and interplanting thing is planted to 300 strains left and right; During field planting, press distance between rows and hills 2m * 2m; Open cave plantation.Timely maintenance management after planting; 3. field management: after field planting, annual intertill and clean tillage is 4～5 times; 5, enrich superphosphate June, promote flower bud differentiation, improve percentage of fertile fruit; Earth up summer 1 time, with lodging-prevention; Treelet, to be shaped as master, is trimmed to auxiliary; Dogwood is long, middle fruit spur all be take top bud result as main, the unsuitable cutting back of all kinds of fruit branches.Bearing tree was pruned in spring, two seasons of autumn, and the contradiction between growth regulation and result, upgrades fruit bearing shoot group, retained growth branch, carried out cutting back, promoted branch; 4. the extermination of disease and insect pest requires to prevent there is no specific (special) requirements according to plant pest.

2. the artificial cultivation method of dogwood as claimed in claim 1, kilogram number of the nitrogen adding in the fibrous material per ton described in it, phosphorus, potassium element is 8.0～10: 10～12: 12～15, and the insecticide content adding in soilless substrate per ton is 50～120 grams.