CN109496662B - Cultivation method of lonicera confusa - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of lonicera confusa planting, in particular to a lonicera confusa planting method, in the process of artificially planting lonicera confusa, the method is time-saving and labor-saving, in order to effectively remove the top advantages of the lonicera confusa and promote the germination of branches at the lower part, pruning treatment such as pinching, topping and trimming is carried out, meanwhile, 'bud sawing' treatment discovered by an inventor is combined, the germination of buds on stem nodes is promoted by a saw blade girdling mode below the bud emergence point, and flowering branches are formed, so that the yield of the lonicera confusa is effectively improved.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of lonicera confusa planting, in particular to a lonicera confusa cultivation method.
[ background of the invention ]
Lonicera hypoglauca is a common Chinese medicinal material in China, is a pioneer plant which is determined by China to be developed in western regions in 2000 and is a semievergreen vine, and is a dry bud or a flower with initial bloom of Lonicera macranthoides, Lonicera hypoglauca, Lonicera confusa or Lonicera fulvescens in Caprifoliaceae. Widely distributed in each province in the south of China. The main production area of lonicera confusa, Guangxi, is mainly planted with lonicera hypoglauca. Because of the growth characteristics of the lonicera confusa, branches are soft, the top advantages are obvious, and the lonicera confusa in Guangxi mainly adopts a cultivation mode of taking stone mountains as a support and climbing over mountains as a main mode, so that flower branches are scattered and difficult to pick and manage. The lonicera confusa is also planted on the flat ground in a frame building mode, the lonicera confusa branches are mainly concentrated at the top, no branches and leaves exist at the middle lower part, the yield is low, and the production cost is high. Under the pressure that the cultivation and production technology of the tree-shaped honeysuckle in the north is mature day by day and the price is reduced, a cultivation method suitable for high yield, simplicity and low cost of the lonicera confusa is developed in time, and the method becomes a problem to be solved urgently in developing the wide-west lonicera confusa industry at present.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a high-yield, simple and low-cost cultivation method, which can achieve the industrialization level of lonicera confusa, improve the quality and efficiency, and reduce the production cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for cultivating lonicera confusa comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture: selecting an annual robust branch for cuttage, and breeding into a robust wild honeysuckle seedling through 4 months of seedling culture;
(2) building a garden and preparing land: plowing and harrowing the land according to 0.1kg/m2-0.2kg/m2Adding quicklime into the planting plots; after uniformly mixing, ridging the field, wherein the ridge height is 40-50cm, the ridge width is 30-40cm, and the ridge distance is 40-50 cm; and then applying organic fertilizer to the ridge surface, wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 0.5kg/m2-0.8kg/m2(ii) a Uniformly mixing an organic fertilizer and soil, and then covering a weeding ecological mulching film to obtain a trimmed field;
(3) planting: planting the lonicera confusa seedlings bred in the step (1) on the field trimmed in the step (2) according to the plant-row spacing of 90-100 cm multiplied by 90-100 cm; watering enough root fixing water after transplanting, watering for three consecutive days, and checking one week after planting to find dead seedlings and timely replanting to obtain the planted seedlings;
(4) topdressing: spreading a compound fertilizer I mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer 30-40 days after the survival of the transplantation;
(5) managing after planting:
in the first year of field planting, pinching is carried out when newly germinated branches of the field-planted seedlings grow to 20cm-35cm, and the branches are promoted to germinate; lifting the weeding ecological mulching film every 2-3 months according to the proportion of 0.1kg/m2-0.2kg/m2The addition amount of the compound fertilizer II is annularly broadcast and applied;
in the second year of field planting, when the tender branches grow to 30-50 cm, pinching is carried out to promote the new branches to germinate, and topping is carried out in time to promote the middle and lower branches of the plant to germinate; performing bud sawing treatment on the lonicera confusa from 12 months to 2 months of the second year after planting; sawing the bud again at the part which does not sprout or has slow growth of the new bud after 1 week of sawing the bud, and spraying a bud promoting agent; when the new branches grow to 8-15cm, spraying a foliar fertilizer I on the lonicera confusa plant and topping;
in the third year of field planting, timely topping to promote sprouting young branches and combining with a bud sawing technology to prune withered old branches, disease and insect residual branches, weak branches, cross branches and overlapped branches; after the third year of field planting, performing topdressing for 2 times every year, wherein the first topdressing time is 3-4 months, and the second topdressing time is 8-9 months; the fertilization method adopts an annular ditch fertilization method and a strip ditch fertilization method; the fertilizing amount is 4kg-6kg per plant; applying a fertilizer as an organic fertilizer; and (3) spraying a foliar fertilizer II to the lonicera confusa in the flower bud differentiation stage of each batch of flowers.
Further, the organic fertilizer in the step (2) is the same as the organic fertilizer in the step (5), and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7-19 parts of tea bran, 13-29 parts of lonicera confusa leaves, 8-30 parts of cow dung and 15-28 parts of sheep dung; the fermentation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: the raw materials are mixed evenly according to the weight ratio, and then the mixture is prepared by film-covering natural stacking fermentation at the temperature of 30-35 ℃.
Further, the nitrogen fertilizer content of the compound fertilizer I in the step (4) is 60% -80%: the application amount of the compound fertilizer I is 0.5 kg/plant to 0.8 kg/plant.
Further, the compound fertilizer II in the step (5) is prepared from nitrogen fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the potash fertilizer consists of 2-5:1-2:1-2 by mass.
Further, the bud sawing method in the step (5) comprises the following steps: sawing a wound with saw blade 1-1.5 cm below the bud point to depth reaching xylem, wherein the length of the wound is 1/3 times of the circumference of the sawn branch.
Further, the germination promoter of the step (5) is prepared by expanding the cultured probiotics: kudzu root: pineapple: the cedar chips are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1-3:3-5:6-8: 3-5.
Further, the method for enlarging culture of the probiotics comprises the following steps: mixing brown sugar and wheat bran according to a weight ratio of 1: 8-12, adding 1mL of effective viable bacteria with the number of 2.3 multiplied by 109cfu/mL-4.5×109cfu/mL of probiotics, adding water which is equal to the mixture in volume and at the temperature of 29-32 ℃, fermenting for 24 hours at normal temperature, filtering, and taking filtrate to obtain the probiotics after enlarged culture.
Further, the preparation method of the germination promoter comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials, putting the mixture into a tank, sealing and fermenting for 85-100 days, filtering the fermented product, and taking the filtrate to obtain the germination promoter.
Further, the foliar fertilizer I in the step (5) is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-20 parts of lonicera confusa extract and 40-50 parts of water; the application amount of the foliar fertilizer I is as follows: 0.1 kg/strain to 0.3 kg/strain.
Further, the foliar fertilizer II in the step (5) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 8-12 parts of lonicera confusa root extract and 100-120 parts of water; the application amount of the foliar fertilizer II is as follows: 0.1 kg/strain to 0.3 kg/strain.
In the cultivation process of the lonicera confusa, the application also prevents and treats powdery mildew of the lonicera confusa, and the prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps:
organic fertilizer is applied to the lonicera confusa on time, so that the disease resistance is improved; the trimming is strengthened, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved; pruning diseased buds and overwintering bacteria sources as much as possible in combination with winter pruning; in early spring, when the scale is cracked and the leaves are not unfolded, the lonicera confusa is prevented and treated by spraying the stone and sulfur mixture, and the concentration of the sulfur mixture is 0.1-0.2 Baume degrees.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the process of artificially planting the lonicera confusa, the method does not need to be erected, saves time and labor, effectively removes the top advantages of the lonicera confusa and promotes the germination of branches at the lower part, and carries out pruning treatment such as pinching, topping and pruning, however, because of the growth characteristics of the lonicera confusa, branches and leaves of the lonicera confusa are mainly concentrated at the top advantages of the upper part of the plant along with the increase of planting time, the middle and lower parts are more and more empty, even no branches and leaves exist completely, old branches at the lower part can not germinate as long as the bud points exist, even if the lonicera confusa is re-sheared, repeated pinching and topping can not promote old branches at the lower part to germinate new branches and leaves, thereby seriously affecting the yield of the lonicera confusa, in order to avoid the situation that the lonicera confusa appears, the inventor also combines the 'saw bud' treatment discovered by own research, and promotes the bud point on the stem node to germinate by using a saw blade ring cutting way below the bud point, the method has the advantages that the flowering branches are formed, so that the lonicera confusa yield is effectively improved, the saw blade is adopted for girdling, the method is different from the smooth edge girdling used in the prior art, researches show that the saw blade is used for girdling, rough wounds caused to plants can effectively promote the lonicera confusa bud point to germinate, and the smooth edge can not achieve the effect of the method. However, when the bud is sawed, the length of the wound cannot exceed one third of the circumference of the sawn branch, and the long length easily causes dead branches; however, only sawing the buds, the treatment cannot effectively promote the new buds to germinate, but the growth vigor of the lonicera confusa is greatly improved by combining the self-prepared bud promoting agent; the germination promoter is prepared by fermenting the pueraria thomsonii, the pineapple, the cedar wood chips and the probiotics, and in the germination promoter, the starch of the pueraria thomsonii can be decomposed into various micromolecular substances such as amino acid and the like after the pueraria thomsonii is fermented, so that a nitrogen source and various trace elements can be provided for the bud mouth; after the pineapple is fermented, the vitamins in the pineapple are enriched, and the germination of plants can be promoted; the cedar wood chips are rich in salicylic acid after fermentation, can play a role in sterilization and disinfection, and can effectively promote plant germination; the components of the bud promoting agent are mutually synergistic, so that the bud point germination on the stem node is effectively promoted, and the effect of increasing the yield of the lonicera confusa is achieved; meanwhile, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, leaf fertilizer and the like are applied in combination, so that the disease resistance of the lonicera confusa can be further improved while the growth of the lonicera confusa is promoted.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) is merely an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless explicitly described as such.
Example 1:
the organic fertilizer and the preparation method of the embodiment are as follows:
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of tea bran, 13 parts of lonicera confusa leaves, 8 parts of cow dung and 15 parts of sheep dung; the fermentation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: the raw materials are mixed evenly according to the weight ratio, and then the mixture is prepared by film covering and natural stacking fermentation at the temperature of 30 ℃.
The preparation method of the germination promoter in this example is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of (1): 8 mixing, inoculating 1mL of effective viable bacteria with the number of 2.3 multiplied by 109cfu/mL of probiotics, then adding water which is equal to the mixture in volume and at the temperature of 29 ℃, fermenting for 24 hours at normal temperature, filtering, and taking filtrate to obtain the probiotics after expanded culture;
mixing the probiotic, the kudzu vine root, the pineapple and the cedar wood chips in a weight ratio of 1:3:6:3 after the expanded culture (wherein the kudzu vine root and the pineapple are both fresh fruits), then putting the mixture into a tank, sealing and fermenting the mixture for 85 days, then filtering the fermented product, and taking the filtrate to obtain the bud promoting agent.
The bud sawing method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
a cut is sawn by a saw blade 1cm below the bud point, the depth reaches xylem, and the length of the cut is 1/3 the circumference of the sawn branch.
The embodiment also provides a method for cultivating the lonicera confusa, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture: selecting an annual robust branch for cuttage, and breeding into a robust wild honeysuckle seedling through 4 months of seedling culture;
(2) building a garden and preparing land: plowing and harrowing the land according to 0.1kg/m2Adding quicklime into the planting plots; after uniformly mixing, ridging the field, wherein the ridge height is 40cm, the ridge width is 30cm, and the ridge distance is 40 cm; and then applying organic fertilizer to the ridge surface, wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 0.5kg/m2(ii) a Uniformly mixing an organic fertilizer and soil, and then covering a weeding ecological mulching film to obtain a trimmed field;
(3) planting: planting the lonicera confusa seedlings bred in the step (1) on the field trimmed in the step (2) according to the plant-row spacing of 90cm multiplied by 90 cm; watering enough root fixing water after transplanting, watering for three consecutive days, and checking one week after planting to find dead seedlings and timely replanting to obtain the planted seedlings;
(4) topdressing: 30 days after the survival of the transplanting, spreading a compound fertilizer I mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer according to the application amount of 0.5 kg/plant; wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer content of the compound fertilizer I is 60 percent.
(5) Managing after planting:
in the first year of field planting, pinching is carried out when newly germinated branches of the field-planted seedlings grow to 20cm, and the germination of the branches is promoted; lifting the weeding ecological mulching film every 2 months according to the proportion of 0.1kg/m2The addition amount of the compound fertilizer II is annularly broadcast and applied; wherein, the compound fertilizer II consists of nitrogen fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the potash fertilizer consists of 2:1:1 by mass;
in the second year of field planting, pinching is carried out when the tender branches grow to 30cm, the new branches are promoted to germinate, topping is carried out in time, and the middle and lower branches of the plant are promoted to germinate; performing bud sawing treatment on the lonicera confusa from 12 months to 2 months of the second year after planting; sawing the bud again at the part which does not sprout or has slow growth of the new bud after 1 week of sawing the bud, and spraying a bud promoting agent; when the new branches grow to 8cm, spraying a foliar fertilizer I on the lonicera confusa plants and topping; the foliar fertilizer I comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 parts of lonicera confusa extract and 40 parts of water; the application amount of the foliar fertilizer I is as follows: 0.1 kg/strain.
In the third year of field planting, timely topping to promote sprouting young branches and combining with a bud sawing technology to prune withered old branches, disease and insect residual branches, weak branches, cross branches and overlapped branches; after the third year of field planting, performing topdressing for 2 times every year, wherein the first topdressing time is 3-4 months, and the second topdressing time is 8-9 months; the fertilization method adopts an annular ditch fertilization method and a strip ditch fertilization method; the fertilizing amount is 4kg per plant; applying a fertilizer as an organic fertilizer; spraying a foliar fertilizer II to the lonicera confusa in the flower bud differentiation stage of each batch of flowers, wherein the foliar fertilizer II comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of monopotassium phosphate, 8 parts of lonicera confusa root extract and 100 parts of water; the application amount of the foliar fertilizer II is as follows: 0.1 kg/strain.
In the cultivation process of the lonicera confusa, the application also prevents and treats powdery mildew of the lonicera confusa, and the prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps:
organic fertilizer is applied to the lonicera confusa on time, so that the disease resistance is improved; the trimming is strengthened, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved; pruning diseased buds and overwintering bacteria sources as much as possible in combination with winter pruning; in early spring, when the scales burst and the leaves are not unfolded, the lonicera confusa is prevented and treated by spraying the stone and sulfur mixture, and the concentration of the sulfur mixture is 0.1 Baume degree.
Example 2:
the organic fertilizer and the preparation method of the embodiment are as follows:
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 19 parts of tea bran, 29 parts of lonicera confusa leaves, 30 parts of cow dung and 28 parts of sheep dung; the fermentation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: the raw materials are mixed evenly according to the weight ratio, and then the mixture is prepared by film covering and natural stacking fermentation under the condition of 35 ℃.
The preparation method of the germination promoter in this example is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of (1): 12 mixing, inoculating 1mL of effective viable bacteria with the number of 4.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL of probiotics, adding water which is equal to the volume of the mixture and has the temperature of 32 ℃, fermenting for 24 hours at normal temperature, filtering and taking filtrate to obtain the probiotics after enlarged culture;
mixing the probiotic, the kudzu vine root, the pineapple and the cedar wood chips in a weight ratio of 3:5:8:5 (wherein the kudzu vine root and the pineapple are both fresh fruits), then putting the mixture into a tank, sealing and fermenting the mixture for 100 days, then filtering the fermented product, and taking the filtrate to obtain the bud promoting agent.
The bud sawing method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
a cut is sawn by a saw blade 1.5cm below the bud point, the depth reaches xylem, and the length of the cut is 1/3 the circumference of the sawn branch.
The embodiment also provides a method for cultivating the lonicera confusa, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture: selecting an annual robust branch for cuttage, and breeding into a robust wild honeysuckle seedling through 4 months of seedling culture;
(2) building a garden and preparing land: plowing and harrowing the land according to 0.2kg/m2Adding quicklime into the planting plots; after uniformly mixing, ridging the field, wherein the ridge height is 50cm, the ridge width is 40cm, and the ridge distance is 50 cm; and then applying organic fertilizer to the ridge surface, wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 0.8kg/m2(ii) a Uniformly mixing an organic fertilizer and soil, and then covering a weeding ecological mulching film to obtain a trimmed field;
(3) planting: planting the lonicera confusa seedlings bred in the step (1) on the field trimmed in the step (2) according to the plant-row spacing of 100cm multiplied by 100 cm; watering enough root fixing water after transplanting, watering for three consecutive days, and checking one week after planting to find dead seedlings and timely replanting to obtain the planted seedlings;
(4) topdressing: after 40 days of transplanting survival, spreading a compound fertilizer I mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer according to the application amount of 0.8 kg/plant; wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer content of the compound fertilizer I is 80 percent.
(5) Managing after planting:
in the first year of field planting, pinching is carried out when newly germinated branches of the field-planted seedlings grow to 35cm, and the germination of the branches is promoted; lifting the weeding ecological mulching film every 3 months according to the proportion of 0.2kg/m2The addition amount of the compound fertilizer II is annularly broadcast and applied; wherein, the compound fertilizer II consists of nitrogen fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the potash fertilizer consists of 5:2:2 by mass;
in the second year of field planting, pinching is carried out when the tender branches grow to 50cm, the new branches are promoted to germinate, topping is carried out in time, and the middle and lower branches of the plant are promoted to germinate; performing bud sawing treatment on the lonicera confusa from 12 months to 2 months of the second year after planting; sawing the bud again at the part which does not sprout or has slow growth of the new bud after 1 week of sawing the bud, and spraying a bud promoting agent; when the new branches grow to 15cm, spraying a foliar fertilizer I on the lonicera confusa plants and topping; the foliar fertilizer I comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20 parts of lonicera confusa extract and 50 parts of water; the application amount of the foliar fertilizer I is as follows: 0.3 kg/strain.
In the third year of field planting, timely topping to promote sprouting young branches and combining with a bud sawing technology to prune withered old branches, disease and insect residual branches, weak branches, cross branches and overlapped branches; after the third year of field planting, performing topdressing for 2 times every year, wherein the first topdressing time is 3-4 months, and the second topdressing time is 8-9 months; the fertilization method adopts an annular ditch fertilization method and a strip ditch fertilization method; the fertilizing amount is 6kg per plant; applying a fertilizer as an organic fertilizer; spraying a foliar fertilizer II to the lonicera confusa in the flower bud differentiation stage of each batch of flowers, wherein the foliar fertilizer II comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 12 parts of lonicera confusa root extract and 120 parts of water; the application amount of the foliar fertilizer II is as follows: 0.3 kg/strain.
In the cultivation process of the lonicera confusa, the application also prevents and treats powdery mildew of the lonicera confusa, and the prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps:
organic fertilizer is applied to the lonicera confusa on time, so that the disease resistance is improved; the trimming is strengthened, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved; pruning diseased buds and overwintering bacteria sources as much as possible in combination with winter pruning; in early spring, when the scales burst and the leaves are not unfolded, the lonicera confusa is prevented and treated by spraying the stone and sulfur mixture, and the concentration of the sulfur mixture is 0.2 Baume degrees.
Example 3:
the organic fertilizer and the preparation method of the embodiment are as follows:
the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of tea bran, 21 parts of lonicera confusa leaves, 15 parts of cow dung and 21 parts of sheep dung; the fermentation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: the raw materials are mixed evenly according to the weight ratio, and then the mixture is prepared by film covering and natural stacking fermentation under the condition of 32 ℃.
The preparation method of the germination promoter in this example is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of (1): 10 mixing, inoculating 1mL of effective viable bacteria with the number of 3.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL probiotic, adding water with the same volume as the mixture and the temperature of 30 ℃, fermenting for 24 hours at normal temperature, filtering, and taking the filtrate to obtain the probiotic after enlarged cultureBacteria;
mixing the probiotic, the kudzu vine root, the pineapple and the cedar wood chips in a weight ratio of 2:4:7:4 after the expanded culture (wherein the kudzu vine root and the pineapple are both fresh fruits), then putting the mixture into a tank, sealing and fermenting the mixture for 90 days, then filtering the fermented product, and taking the filtrate to obtain the bud promoting agent.
The bud sawing method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
a cut is sawn by a saw blade 1.2cm below the bud point, the depth reaches xylem, and the length of the cut is 1/3 the circumference of the sawn branch.
The embodiment also provides a method for cultivating the lonicera confusa, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling culture: selecting an annual robust branch for cuttage, and breeding into a robust wild honeysuckle seedling through 4 months of seedling culture;
(2) building a garden and preparing land: plowing and harrowing the land according to 0.15kg/m2Adding quicklime into the planting plots; after uniformly mixing, ridging the field, wherein the ridge height is 45cm, the ridge width is 35cm, and the ridge distance is 45 cm; and then applying organic fertilizer to the ridge surface, wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 0.7kg/m2(ii) a Uniformly mixing an organic fertilizer and soil, and then covering a weeding ecological mulching film to obtain a trimmed field;
(3) planting: planting the lonicera confusa seedlings bred in the step (1) on the field trimmed in the step (2) according to the plant-row spacing of 95cm multiplied by 95 cm; watering enough root fixing water after transplanting, watering for three consecutive days, and checking one week after planting to find dead seedlings and timely replanting to obtain the planted seedlings;
(4) topdressing: spreading a compound fertilizer I mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer according to the application amount of 0.7 kg/plant 35 days after the survival of the transplanted seedlings; wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer content of the compound fertilizer I is 70 percent.
(5) Managing after planting:
in the first year of field planting, pinching is carried out when newly germinated branches of the field-planted seedlings grow to 30cm, and the germination of the branches is promoted; lifting the weeding ecological mulching film every 1.5 months according to the proportion of 0.15kg/m2The addition amount of the compound fertilizer II is annularly broadcast and applied; wherein, the compound fertilizer II consists of nitrogen fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the potash fertilizer consists of 4:2:1 in mass ratio;
in the second year of field planting, pinching is carried out when the tender branches grow to 40cm, the new branches are promoted to germinate, topping is carried out in time, and the middle and lower branches of the plant are promoted to germinate; performing bud sawing treatment on the lonicera confusa from 12 months to 2 months of the second year after planting; sawing the bud again at the part which does not sprout or has slow growth of the new bud after 1 week of sawing the bud, and spraying a bud promoting agent; when the new branches grow to 12cm, spraying a foliar fertilizer I on the lonicera confusa plants and topping; the foliar fertilizer I comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 15 parts of lonicera confusa extract and 45 parts of water; the application amount of the foliar fertilizer I is as follows: 0.2 kg/strain.
In the third year of field planting, timely topping to promote sprouting young branches and combining with a bud sawing technology to prune withered old branches, disease and insect residual branches, weak branches, cross branches and overlapped branches; after the third year of field planting, performing topdressing for 2 times every year, wherein the first topdressing time is 3-4 months, and the second topdressing time is 8-9 months; the fertilization method adopts an annular ditch fertilization method and a strip ditch fertilization method; the fertilizing amount is 5kg per plant; applying a fertilizer as an organic fertilizer; spraying a foliar fertilizer II to the lonicera confusa in the flower bud differentiation stage of each batch of flowers, wherein the foliar fertilizer II comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 parts of lonicera confusa root extract and 110 parts of water; the application amount of the foliar fertilizer II is as follows: 0.2 kg/strain.
In the cultivation process of the lonicera confusa, the application also prevents and treats powdery mildew of the lonicera confusa, and the prevention and treatment method comprises the following steps:
organic fertilizer is applied to the lonicera confusa on time, so that the disease resistance is improved; the trimming is strengthened, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved; pruning diseased buds and overwintering bacteria sources as much as possible in combination with winter pruning; in early spring, when the scales burst and the leaves are not unfolded, the lonicera confusa is prevented and treated by spraying the stone and sulfur mixture, and the concentration of the sulfur mixture is 0.15 Baume degrees.
In the foliar fertilizer I of embodiments 1 to 3 of the present application, the extraction method of the lonicera confuse extract is: crushing fresh lonicera confusa petals, adding 75% ethanol solution in a volume percent according to a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:4, leaching for 24 hours, filtering, performing rotary evaporation and concentration on the filtrate to obtain 1/3 of a concentrated solution as a stock solution to obtain the lonicera confusa extract, wherein the content of lonicera confusa saponin A in the extract is 201 mu g/g.
In the foliar fertilizer II of embodiments 1 to 3 of the present application, the extraction method of the lonicera confusa root extract is as follows: crushing the lonicera confusa root with the water content of 5%, adding water according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:3, decocting, leaching at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 24 hours, taking the filtrate, adding cassava starch with the volume of 1/10 into the filtrate, further decocting, and concentrating to paste to obtain the lonicera confusa root extract, wherein the content of chlorogenic acid in the extract is 102 mu g/g.
Control group 1:
the control group does not use the self-made organic fertilizer, and other embodiments are completely consistent with example 1.
Control group 2:
gibberellin is used in the control group to replace the self-made sprout-promoting agent in the application, and other embodiments are completely consistent with example 1.
Control group 3:
this control group did not use any germination promoters, and other embodiments were completely identical to example 1.
Control group 4:
the control group did not use the sawing method of the present application, and only pruning was performed, and other embodiments were completely consistent with example 1.
Control group 5:
when the control group saw buds, the wound length is 1/2 of the circumference of the saw branch, and other embodiments are completely consistent with example 1.
Control group 6:
the control group did not control powdery mildew of lonicera confusa, and other embodiments were completely the same as example 1.
Test experiments:
the experimental site: the method is carried out in an experimental base of the unit;
experiment time: 2016-2018 and 4 months
The experimental method comprises the following steps: 9 sample plots were set in the experimental base of this unit, each having an area of 500m2Planting according to the methods of examples 1-3 and control groups 1-6, collecting flos Lonicerae in 2018 and 4 months, weighing, and detecting chlorogenic acid of flos Lonicerae by high performance liquid chromatographyThe contents of acid, luteolin and lonicera macranthoides saponin B, the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
| Group of | Yield (kg/strain) | Chlorogenic acid mu g/mL | Luteolin mu g/mL | Lonicera macranthoides saponin B mu g/mL |
| Example 1 | 10.03 | 80.15 | 51.26 | 397.14 |
| Example 2 | 10.22 | 81.33 | 42.16 | 395.36 |
| Example 3 | 9.98 | 79.54 | 40.35 | 398.33 |
| Control group 1 | 7.06 | 61.02 | 42.31 | 325.14 |
| Control group 2 | 7.14 | 63.25 | 39.54 | 361.24 |
| Control group 3 | 8.12 | 59.14 | 38.15 | 346.25 |
| Control group 4 | 6.97 | 64.15 | 34.77 | 334.24 |
| Control group 5 | 4.02 | 63.54 | 37.15 | 337.45 |
| Control group 6 | 8.14 | 57.15 | 41.26 | 339.58 |
As can be seen from the above table, the yields, chlorogenic acid content, luteolin content and lonicera macranthoides saponin B content of examples 1-3 were all greater than those of control group 1-6; the planting method can effectively improve the yield of the lonicera confusa, the chlorogenic acid content, the luteoloside content and the lonicera macranthoides saponin B content in the lonicera confusa.
In conclusion, the planting method can effectively overcome the top advantages of the lonicera confusa, promote the germination of new branches at the lower part of the lonicera confusa and effectively improve the yield of the lonicera confusa.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The cultivation method of the lonicera confusa is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seedling culture: selecting an annual robust branch for cuttage, and breeding into a robust wild honeysuckle seedling through 4 months of seedling culture;
(2) building a garden and preparing land: plowing and harrowing the land according to 0.1kg/m2-0.2kg/m2Adding quicklime into the planting plots; after uniformly mixing, ridging the field, wherein the ridge height is 40-50cm, the ridge width is 30-40cm, and the ridge distance is 40-50 cm; and then applying organic fertilizer to the ridge surface, wherein the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is as follows: 0.5kg/m2-0.8kg/m2(ii) a Uniformly mixing an organic fertilizer and soil, and then covering a weeding ecological mulching film to obtain a trimmed field;
(3) planting: planting the lonicera confusa seedlings bred in the step (1) on the field trimmed in the step (2) according to the plant-row spacing of 90-100 cm multiplied by 90-100 cm; watering enough root fixing water after transplanting, watering for three consecutive days, and checking one week after planting to find dead seedlings and timely replanting to obtain the planted seedlings;
(4) topdressing: spreading a compound fertilizer I mainly containing nitrogen fertilizer 30-40 days after the survival of the transplantation;
(5) managing after planting:
in the first year of field planting, pinching is carried out when newly germinated branches of the field-planted seedlings grow to 20cm-35cm, and the branches are promoted to germinate; lifting the weeding ecological mulching film every 2-3 months according to the proportion of 0.1kg/m2-0.2kg/m2The addition amount of the compound fertilizer II is annularly broadcast and applied;
in the second year of field planting, when the tender branches grow to 30-50 cm, pinching is carried out to promote the new branches to germinate, and topping is carried out in time to promote the middle and lower branches of the plant to germinate; performing bud sawing treatment on the lonicera confusa from 12 months to 2 months of the second year after planting; sawing the bud again at the part which does not sprout or has slow growth of the new bud after 1 week of sawing the bud, and spraying a bud promoting agent; when the new branches grow to 8-15cm, spraying a foliar fertilizer I on the lonicera confusa plant and topping;
in the third year of field planting, timely topping to promote sprouting young branches and combining with a bud sawing technology to prune withered old branches, disease and insect residual branches, weak branches, cross branches and overlapped branches; after the third year of field planting, performing topdressing for 2 times every year, wherein the first topdressing time is 3-4 months, and the second topdressing time is 8-9 months; the fertilization method adopts an annular ditch fertilization method and a strip ditch fertilization method; the fertilizing amount is 4kg-6kg per plant; applying a fertilizer as an organic fertilizer; spraying foliar fertilizer II to the lonicera confusa in the flower bud differentiation stage of each batch of flowers;
the bud sawing method in the step (5) comprises the following steps: sawing a wound 1cm-1.5cm below the bud point by using a saw blade, wherein the depth reaches xylem, and the length of the wound is 1/3 of the circumference of the sawn branch;
the organic fertilizer obtained in the step (2) is the same as the organic fertilizer obtained in the step (5), and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7-19 parts of tea bran, 13-29 parts of lonicera confusa leaves, 8-30 parts of cow dung and 15-28 parts of sheep dung; the fermentation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials uniformly according to the weight ratio, and then laminating, stacking and fermenting naturally at the temperature of 30-35 ℃ to obtain the compound fertilizer;
the germination promoter in the step (5) is prepared from expanded cultured probiotics: kudzu root: pineapple: the cedar chips are prepared according to the weight ratio of 1-3:3-5:6-8: 3-5.
2. The cultivation method of lonicera confusa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer content of the compound fertilizer I in the step (4) is 60-80%: the application amount of the compound fertilizer I is 0.5 kg/plant to 0.8 kg/plant.
3. The cultivation method of lonicera confusa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer II in the step (5) is prepared from nitrogen fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the potash fertilizer consists of 2-5:1-2:1-2 by mass.
4. The cultivation method of lonicera confusa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for enlarging the culture of the probiotics comprises the following steps: mixing brown sugar and wheat bran according to a weight ratio of 1: 8-12, adding 1mL of effective viable bacteria with the number of 2.3 multiplied by 109cfu/mL-4.5×109cfu/mL of probiotics, adding water which is equal to the mixture in volume and at the temperature of 29-32 ℃, fermenting for 24 hours at normal temperature, filtering, and taking filtrate to obtain the probiotics after enlarged culture.
5. The cultivation method of lonicera confusa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bud promoting agent is prepared by the following steps: mixing the raw materials, putting the mixture into a tank, sealing and fermenting for 85-100 days, filtering the fermented product, and taking the filtrate to obtain the germination promoter.
6. The method for cultivating the lonicera confusa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer I in the step (5) consists of the following components in parts by weight: 2-8 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-20 parts of lonicera confusa extract and 40-50 parts of water; the application amount of the foliar fertilizer I is as follows: 0.1 kg/strain to 0.3 kg/strain.
7. The method for cultivating the lonicera confusa as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer II in the step (5) consists of the following components in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 8-12 parts of lonicera confusa root extract and 100-120 parts of water; the application amount of the foliar fertilizer II is as follows: 0.1 kg/strain to 0.3 kg/strain.
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