CN103875462A - Triple cross wheat breeding technical method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a triple cross wheat breeding technical method which is a cross wheat breeding technical method tightly combining a conventional cross breeding technology and a hybrid vigor breeding technology. Specifically, the technical method is organically composed of six modules, namely a genetic resource and parent garden module, a cross breed parent breeding module, a hybrid vigor testing and selecting module, a cross breed breeding module, a conventional cross breeding module and a production performance comparison test module. The relations among the modules and the relations of the working procedures in the modules are clear. The triple cross wheat breeding technical method solves the problem that due to the fact that breeding resources and information between two breeding methods cannot be effectively shared, the hybrid vigor breeding efficiency is not high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wheat breeding technical field, particularly relate to a kind of triple crossing wheat breeding technical method.
Background technology
Wheat is that gross yield is maximum in the world, the cereal crops that are of high nutritive value.Along with the further increase of the size of population, per capita area of cultivated farmland reduces year by year, and food problem is one of our current matter of utmost importance facing.Hybrid vigour is a kind of universal phenomenon in biosphere.At present, utilize wheat heterosis be improve wheat yield one of major measure.Wheat utilizes heterotic main path to have three: both " three line method ", " two line methods " and " chemical emasculation method ", the present invention is only for first two method.
Three line method refers to male sterile line, maintainer and restorer carried out to three series mating, and sterile is maternal, and maintenance is male parent, alternate plantation, and lower generation that male sterile line bears seeds is still male sterile, male sterile line continues to breed or in order to preparing hybrid kind; With sterile be maternal, recovery is male parent, alternate plantation is awarded male sterile line pollen by restorer, the seed of producing on male sterile line plant is crossbreed.
Two line method refers to that it is supporting only having photoperiod-temperature sensitive male sterility system and restorer two.Photoperiod-temperature sensitive male sterility is subject to recessive key-gene control, and the expression of its fertility is subject to the impact of extraneous temperature optical condition.In sensitive periods, when environmental temperature is during at cirtical temperature range of sterility, show as completely sterilely, at this moment male sterile line can be used to and the restorer production of hybrid seeds; When environmental temperature is in the time can educating critical temperature range, male sterile line recovers again normally can educate, self-fertility breeding.
In wheat breeding work, conventional cross-breeding and heterosis breeding are two research directions, are generally carried out respectively by Liang Ge breeding team.Due to breeding direction difference, breeding method difference, procedure of breeding difference, selects emphasis difference, thus one separately, seldom combination.The parent of heterosis breeding is male sterile line and restorer, and the key of hybrid wheat utilization is strong advantage combination selection, and the emphasis of selection is the first generation of hybrid (F1) combination of the strong advantage of performance; Parent's fertility of conventional breeding is normal, evaluates hybrid combination quality and mainly sees the many general performances from generation to generation of the selected individual plant of segregative generation (F2~Fn), strain and family, and general tree F1 combination is selected.Heterosis breeding is subject to the annual hybrid wheat configuration of parent's characteristic limitations (parent must be stable sterile line and restorer) combined number less, and strong advantage combination probability of occurrence is very low.And wheat conventional cross-breeding is not limited by parent's fertility, can configure every year hundreds of even thousands of hybrid combination, but because F1 has not selected to lose from generation to generation the breeding information that wherein shows strong advantage combination.
In addition, in the time of three line method wheat breeding Parented selected mating of hybridization, need to be in heading afterwards manually to male sterile line cover sheepskin paper bag, manually authorize again restorer pollen, special in advantage combination output comparison phase, each hybrid combination is need the amount of kind larger, a large amount of baggings in field and pollination manual operation, the especially time-consuming inefficiency of taking a lot of work.Limit hybrid wheat advantage combination mass seed production efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of triple crossing wheat breeding technical method, can not be effectively shared to solve parent's resource and information between two kinds of breeding methods, cause the problem that heterosis breeding efficiency is not high.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention has adopted by six organic technical methods that form of module, comprise: germ plasm resource and parent garden module, hybrid parents seed selection module, hybrid vigour are surveyed modeling piece, crossbreed breeding module, conventional cross-breeding module, productivity comparative test module, and in the contact between module and module, the relation of working procedure is cheer and bright.
Germ plasm resource and parent garden module.In parent garden, collect distinctive product based material in abundant kind material and productivity comparative test both at home and abroad, some material can be used as the backbone parent utilization in conventional breeding, enters conventional cross-breeding module.Some material can be used as the parent of heterosis breeding, enters hybrid parents seed selection module, and backcross transformation becomes male sterile line (female parent) or restorer (male parent).
Conventional cross-breeding module.Conventional cross-breeding single cross F1 generation is carried out to hybrid vigour survey and produce, mirror is measured strong advantage combination female parent and strong advantage combination male parent; Strong advantage combination female parent and male parent enter respectively the candidate parent of hybrid parents seed selection module as heterosis breeding parent seed selection.All the other are combined into conventional breeding program and carry out progeny selection.
Hybrid parents seed selection module.Hybrid parents seed selection has three sources: the strong advantage combination female parent that conventional cross-breeding obtains and strong advantage combination male parent; The outstanding strain producing in productivity comparative test; In parent garden, collect from wheat breed material both domestic and external; According to parent's feature, determine the scheme of transformation male sterile line and restorer.
Hybrid vigour is surveyed modeling piece.From the row plantation between each male parent and multiple female parent under isolation condition of the outstanding stable male sterile line of hybrid parents seed selection and outstanding stable restorer, form n the many female unit (n=male parent number) of a father, next year is carried out the qualification of hybrid combination advantage, the comparison of 1 year strong advantage hybrid combination output is carried out in the strong advantage hybrid combination identifying again, and that determines upgrading is combined into productivity comparative test module; Meanwhile, parent's male sterile line of strong advantage hybrid combination and restorer enter crossbreed breeding module and carry out seminal propagation.
Crossbreed breeding module.The breeding of male sterile line breeding man, adopts bagging seed head progeny row round-robin method, and every head progeny row bagging 2 fringes are manually authorized maintainer pollen point receipts separately, all the other mixed system results; The breeding of male sterile line breeder's stock, male sterile line: it is capable of plantation that maintainer is pressed 5:1, cuts off in advance maintainer, then gather in the crops male sterile line after having pollinated; The breeding of restorer breeding man, adopts head progeny row round-robin method, and every head progeny row selects 1-2 fringe to gather in the crops separately, all the other mixed system results, next year composite variety breeding restorer breeder's stock; Crossbreed breeding, male sterile line breeder's stock: it is capable of plantation that restorer breeder's stock is pressed 5:1, cuts off in advance restorer, then gather in the crops crossbreed after having pollinated.
Productivity comparative test module.Comprise successively family comparison, strain comparison, kind comparison and region kind comparison.
Triple crossing wheat breeding technical method as above, further, the strong advantage hybrid combination identifying, then carry out the comparison of 1 year strong advantage hybrid combination output, determine that the combination of upgrading directly enters the varietal yield test in productivity comparative test.
Triple crossing wheat breeding technical method as above, further, hybrid parents seed selection comprises sterile line breeding and restorer seed selection; In restorer Breeding Process, adopt SSR molecular labeling Xgwm95 and Barc61 gene-assisted selection technology in generation morning, objective trait to be selected.Wheat fertility restorer, by two pairs of major gene resistance controls, is positioned respectively on 2A chromosome and 1B chromosome, and chain with SSR molecular labeling Xgwm95 and Barc61 respectively.
Triple crossing wheat breeding technical method as above, further, in sterile line breeding, stable sterile line bagging self-pollination ripening rate≤0.5%.In restorer seed selection, stablize restorer bagging self-pollination ripening rate >=90%; Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the present invention is by germ plasm resource and parent garden; Conventional cross-breeding; Hybrid parents seed selection; Hybrid vigour is surveyed choosing; Crossbreed breeding and six organic formations of module of productivity comparative test, in the contact between module and module, the relation of working procedure is cheer and bright.Wherein, to combine closely be outstanding innovative point for conventional cross-breeding and heterosis breeding (hybrid vigour is surveyed choosing, crossbreed breeding).In existing wheat breeding work, conventional cross-breeding and heterosis breeding are two research directions, are generally carried out respectively by Liang Ge breeding team, and one separately, seldom has relation.
2, conventional cross-breeding is combined with heterosis breeding.Conventional cross-breeding is not selected single cross first filial generation (F1) conventionally, reserves seed for planting to enter after second filial (F2) and start to select after the appraise of field.In method of the present invention, conventional breeding single cross F1 generation is just carried out hybrid vigour and is surveyed product.The female parent of strong advantage combination and male parent as the candidate parent of heterosis breeding parent seed selection (male sterile line and restorer), by the abundant information that data analysis provides strong advantage to combine to F1, have been expanded the source of strong advantage combination respectively.In addition, through the qualification of productivity comparative test, other outstanding offspring of conventional breeding enters again germ plasm resource and parent garden waits to utilize.
3, adopt Molecular Marker Assisted Selection Technology seed selection restorer.Wheat fertility restorer is two pairs of major gene resistance controls, is positioned respectively on 2A chromosome and 1B chromosome, and chain with SSR molecular labeling Xgwm95 and Barc61 respectively.In the process of restorer seed selection, adopt Molecular Marker Assisted Selection Technology in generation morning, objective trait to be selected, significantly shorten breeding cycle and improved breeding efficiency.Preferably, outstanding restorer also enters productivity comparative test, and outstanding especially can participate in new varieties authorization.
4, cross combination which has strong superior is surveyed choosing.The present invention is taking a father many female (restorer and multiple male sterile lines) as unit, and in production of hybrid seeds cage, the open pollination of male parent restorer, gathers in the crops to obtain seed from maternal male sterile line, is exactly crossbreed.So, field can arrange the many female unit of multiple fathers.In this way, the hybrid seed that each hybrid combination can production lot, not only can, for the strong advantage Identification of hybrid combination but also can be for the research of Heterotic Genetic aspect, improve the batch seed production efficiency of hybrid wheat advantage combination greatly.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of triple crossing wheat breeding technical method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but not as a limitation of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, be the triple crossing wheat breeding technical method of one embodiment of the present invention.Comprise: germ plasm resource and parent garden; Conventional cross-breeding; Hybrid parents seed selection; Hybrid vigour is surveyed choosing; Crossbreed breeding and productivity comparative test;
(1) germ plasm resource and parent garden: parent garden comprises collects from abundant wheat breed material both domestic and external; Germ plasm resource and parent garden provide raw material for conventional cross-breeding and hybrid parents seed selection;
(2) conventional cross-breeding: conventional cross-breeding single cross F1 generation enters productivity comparative test and carries out hybrid vigour survey product, select strong advantage combination female parent and strong advantage combination male parent, strong advantage combines maternal and strong advantage combination male parent and enters respectively the candidate parent of hybrid parents seed selection as heterosis breeding parent seed selection;
(3) hybrid parents seed selection: the parent of hybrid parents seed selection has three sources: the strong advantage combination female parent that conventional cross-breeding obtains and strong advantage combination male parent; The outstanding strain producing in productivity comparative test; In parent garden, collect from wheat breed material both domestic and external; Hybrid parents seed selection comprises sterile line breeding and restorer seed selection; In restorer Breeding Process, adopt SSR molecular labeling Xgwm95 and Barc61 gene-assisted selection technology in generation morning, objective trait to be selected.Wheat fertility restorer, by two pairs of major gene resistance controls, is positioned respectively on 2A chromosome and 1B chromosome, and chain with SSR molecular labeling Xgwm95 and Barc61 respectively.
(4) hybrid vigour is surveyed choosing: from the outstanding stable male sterile line of hybrid parents seed selection and outstanding stable restorer capable plantation between each male parent and multiple female parent under isolation condition, form the many female unit of multiple fathers, the comparison of 1 year strong advantage hybrid combination output is carried out in the strong advantage hybrid combination identifying again, and that determines upgrading is combined into productivity comparative test; Meanwhile, parent's male sterile line of strong advantage hybrid combination and restorer start to enter crossbreed breeding and carry out seminal propagation;
(5) crossbreed breeding: the breeding of male sterile line breeding man, adopt bagging seed head progeny row round-robin method, every head progeny row bagging 2 fringes are manually authorized maintainer pollen point receipts separately, all the other mixed system results; The breeding of male sterile line breeder's stock, male sterile line: it is capable of plantation that maintainer is pressed 5:1, cuts off in advance maintainer, then gather in the crops male sterile line after having pollinated; The breeding of restorer breeding man, adopts head progeny row round-robin method, and every head progeny row selects 1-2 fringe to gather in the crops separately, all the other mixed system results, next year composite variety breeding restorer breeder's stock; Crossbreed breeding, male sterile line breeder's stock: it is capable of plantation that restorer breeder's stock is pressed 5:1, cuts off in advance restorer, then gather in the crops crossbreed after having pollinated.
(6) productivity comparative test comprises family comparison, strain comparison, kind comparison and region kind comparison successively.
The concrete application of above-mentioned breeding method
1, conventional cross-breeding.Rule hybrid combination configuration, according to breeding objective, selects wheat male parent and the wheat female parent in ecological source far away or geographical source far away or blood relationship source far away from parent garden, maternal artificial emasculation 3~5 fringe baggings, award with paternal pollen.So, annual configurable hundreds of Single-cross Combinations, ripe rear by combination results seed.
2, hybrid combination plantation, results.Each 5 row districts that are combined as, middle 3 row plantation hybridization F1, both sides row is planted respectively male parent and female parent.The long 1.5m of row, line-spacing 20cm, 30 seed program requests of every row.Between every 20 combinations, broadcast 3 row and promote check variety.Observe record to the growth performance of F1 combination breeding time.In the maturing stage, every combination F1 receives 10~15 strains, 10 strains of the each results of parent and check variety.
3, hybrid combination advantage is measured.The each combination of indoor investigation F1, parent and contrast plant height and yield traits (spike number, thousand kernel weight, 10 strain grain yields), calculate every combination output (contrast) advantage that exceeds standard, and sequence from high to low, the combination of advantage >=45% of selecting to exceed standard.
4, hybrid parents seed selection, determines the technical scheme of transformation male sterile line and restorer.Further the analysing output growth traits (plant height, heading stage, resistance etc.) of wheat male parent and wheat female parent in the combination of advantage >=45% that exceeds standard, determines that respectively the strong advantage combination wheat strong advantage maternal and that transformation is restorer that transformation is male sterile line combines wheat male parent.
Saturated backcrossing answered by backcross transformation excellent sterile system (female parent), and bagging selfing 100% is sterile, and sterility is stable, plant height≤85cm, and blooming stage wheat head grain husk shell opening angle is large, and it is longer that gynoecium exposes the time.Elite restorer line (male parent) transformation, taking sterile cytoplasm as limited the backcrossing in basis, binding molecule marker assisted selection, select with recurrent parent very approximate, bagging recovery rate and restoring degree > 85%, plant height is at 85~95cm, and blooming stage flower pesticide degree of exposing is high, pollen amount is large, the good selfing stability series of loose powder characteristic.
5, hybrid vigour is surveyed choosing.Select the stable sterile line that some proterties are good (female parent) and restorer (male parent) to plant, male parent and maternal field planting mode are as follows.According to production of hybrid seeds amount needs, male parent: female parent can be by row plantation between 1:1,1:2 or the capable ratio of 1:3.Plant row 1~3 row male sterile line between 1 row restorer.Long 1.5~the 1.8m of row, line-spacing 20cm, 30 of every row sowings.
When wheat heading stage, taking male parent as unit by each male parent and and this male parent between production of hybrid seeds cage on the female parent cover of row plantation, form the many female unit of a father; The quantity of the many female unit of one father is identical with male parent number used.When wheat heading stage, many one father female unit are covered respectively to upper production of hybrid seeds cage, form the many female production of hybrid seeds of multiple fathers unit.
The production of hybrid seeds cage that above-mentioned steps is used comprises: cage support, nylon cloth, slide fastener, pocket enclosing cover; Cage props up the framework that is configured to wheat production of hybrid seeds cage; Nylon cloth covers on cage support; Slide fastener is arranged on the front and back of cage; Pocket enclosing cover is positioned at the top of slide fastener; Wheat plant is positioned at the inside of cage; In a kind of embodiment of the present invention, described production of hybrid seeds cage is long 4.5m, wide 1.8m, high 1.2m; 2 slide fasteners of the each installation of cage front and back, it is U-shaped that slide fastener is, the long 0.95m of slide fastener, the high 0.2m of U font, slide fastener bottom is apart from ground 0.6m, and apart from frame 0.2m, between two slide fasteners, distance is 0.2m.
Male parent and maternal implantation methods are, male parent: maternal according to production of hybrid seeds amount needs, press row plantation between the capable ratio of 1:1,1:2 or 1:3, the constant width of production of hybrid seeds cage is 1.8m, and the length of cage is preferably 4.5m (line number according to isolated location plantation is determined), be convenient to production of hybrid seeds cage on wheat heading stage cover.
6, male parent and maternal florescence regulate.Male sterile line is eared 2~3 days or heading same period the best than restorer is Zao.Male sterile line, than the late heading of restorer 1~2 day, can spray gibberellin by Parent after male parent heading simultaneously, can promote the vitality of earing and extending flower pesticide.Artificial supplementary pollination.During restorer (male parent) flowering loose powder, catch up with powder 2 time by the artificial bamboo pole of handle hole of cage every day, and continuous 5~7 days, the outcrossing seed-setting rate of raising male sterile line (female parent).
7, seed results.In the maturing stage, remove cage.The male sterile line (female parent) of each unit is gathered in the crops respectively, the seed that male sterile line is tied, i.e. crossbreed.It is results that restorer (male parent) can be mixed, and has expanded the grain weight of restorer numerous.
Above embodiment is only exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is not used in restriction the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.Those skilled in the art can, in essence of the present invention and protection domain, make various amendments or be equal to replacement the present invention, this amendment or be equal to replacement and also should be considered as dropping in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a triple crossing wheat breeding technical method, it is characterized in that, described method forms by six modules are organic, comprise: germ plasm resource and parent garden module, hybrid parents seed selection module, hybrid vigour are surveyed modeling piece, crossbreed breeding module, conventional cross-breeding module, productivity comparative test module, and in the contact between module and module, the relation of working procedure is as follows;
Germ plasm resource and parent garden module; In parent garden, collect distinctive product based material in abundant kind material and productivity comparative test both at home and abroad, some material can be used as the backbone parent utilization in conventional breeding, enters conventional cross-breeding module; Some material can be used as the parent of heterosis breeding, enters hybrid parents seed selection module, and backcross transformation becomes male sterile line (female parent) or restorer (male parent);
Conventional cross-breeding module; Conventional cross-breeding single cross F1 generation is carried out to hybrid vigour survey and produce, mirror is measured strong advantage combination female parent and strong advantage combination male parent; Strong advantage combination female parent and male parent enter respectively the candidate parent of hybrid parents seed selection module as heterosis breeding parent seed selection; All the other are combined into conventional breeding program and carry out progeny selection;
Hybrid parents seed selection module; Hybrid parents seed selection has three sources: the strong advantage combination female parent that conventional cross-breeding obtains and strong advantage combination male parent; The outstanding strain producing in productivity comparative test; In parent garden, collect from wheat breed material both domestic and external; According to parent's feature, determine the scheme of transformation male sterile line and restorer;
Hybrid vigour is surveyed modeling piece; From the row plantation between each male parent and multiple female parent under isolation condition of the outstanding stable male sterile line of hybrid parents seed selection and outstanding stable restorer, form the many female unit of multiple fathers, next year is carried out the qualification of hybrid combination advantage, the comparison of 1 year strong advantage hybrid combination output is carried out in the strong advantage hybrid combination identifying again, and that determines upgrading is combined into productivity comparative test module; Meanwhile, parent's male sterile line of strong advantage hybrid combination and restorer enter crossbreed breeding module and carry out seminal propagation;
Crossbreed breeding module; The breeding of male sterile line breeding man, adopts bagging seed head progeny row round-robin method, and every head progeny row bagging 2 fringes are manually authorized maintainer pollen point receipts separately, all the other mixed system results; The breeding of male sterile line breeder's stock, male sterile line: it is capable of plantation that maintainer is pressed 5:1, cuts off in advance maintainer, then gather in the crops male sterile line after having pollinated; The breeding of restorer breeding man, adopts head progeny row round-robin method, and every head progeny row selects 1-2 fringe to gather in the crops separately, all the other mixed system results, next year composite variety breeding restorer breeder's stock; Crossbreed breeding, male sterile line breeder's stock: it is capable of plantation that restorer breeder's stock is pressed 5:1, cuts off in advance restorer, then gather in the crops crossbreed after having pollinated.
Productivity comparative test module.Comprise successively family comparison, strain comparison, kind comparison and region kind comparison.
2. triple crossing wheat breeding technical method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described method forms by six modules are organic, comprising: germ plasm resource and parent garden module, hybrid parents seed selection module, hybrid vigour are surveyed modeling piece, crossbreed breeding module, conventional cross-breeding module, productivity comparative test module.
3. triple crossing wheat breeding technical method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, conventional cross-breeding single cross F1 generation is carried out to hybrid vigour survey and produce, mirror is measured strong advantage combination female parent and the candidate parent of strong advantage combination male parent as heterosis breeding parent seed selection.
4. triple crossing wheat breeding technical method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, outstanding stable male sterile line and outstanding stable restorer from hybrid parents seed selection are sowed and are planted the many female unit of multiple fathers in isolation condition, carry out the comparison of strong advantage hybrid combination output, determine that the combination of upgrading directly enters the varietal yield test in productivity comparative test.
5. triple crossing wheat breeding technical method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, hybrid parents seed selection module comprises sterile line breeding and restorer seed selection; In restorer Breeding Process, adopt SSR molecular labeling to recover gene-assisted selection technology and in generation morning, objective trait is selected.
6. triple crossing wheat breeding technical method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in sterile line breeding, and stable sterile line bagging self-pollination ripening rate≤0.5%.In restorer seed selection, stablize restorer bagging self-pollination ripening rate >=90%.
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CN104145806A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-11-19 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Seed production method for three-line hybrid wheat, produced seed and application of produced seed |
CN104782476A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-07-22 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Production method for original parent seeds of three-line hybrid wheat |
CN105671041A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-15 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Triple crossing wheat seed purity molecular marker and primer pair and application thereof |
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CN104145806A (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-11-19 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Seed production method for three-line hybrid wheat, produced seed and application of produced seed |
CN104145806B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2015-11-18 | 新疆农垦科学院 | A kind of producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat, made seed and application thereof |
CN104782476A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-07-22 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Production method for original parent seeds of three-line hybrid wheat |
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CN105671041A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-15 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Triple crossing wheat seed purity molecular marker and primer pair and application thereof |
CN105671041B (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-02-01 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Triple crossing wheat seed purity molecular marker and primer pair and application thereof |
CN105993915A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-12 | 西南大学 | Isolation method for producing new wheat cross combinations for seed production in batches by virtue of rye |
CN108541580A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-18 | 临沂市农业科学院 | A kind of parental apolegamy method of wheat breeding |
CN109644865A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-19 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | A kind of hybrid wheat selection that achievable restoring gene is cumulative |
CN111616044A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-09-04 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所 | Three-line hybrid wheat breeding method |
CN112740967A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-04 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Seed production method for three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing |
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