CN105104168B - The close hybrid rice breeding method of parent's duration from seeding to heading - Google Patents
The close hybrid rice breeding method of parent's duration from seeding to heading Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of close hybrid rice breeding method of parent's duration from seeding to heading, belong to the seed selection field of hybrid rice.Hybrid rice breeding method of the present invention, so that duration from seeding to heading is close, genetic distance different parental rices improvement rice sterile line farther out and restorer, pass through the interval sowing under different ecological environmental condition, obtain duration from seeding to heading is close, economical character is stable sterile line and restorer, then test cross, plants test cross F1Generation, the close hybrid rice of the excellent cross combination of selection traits, as parent's breeding time.The inventive method ensures flower synchronization when male parent is sowed with the maternal same period, improves the reliability of the production of hybrid seeds；Field operation machinery is also beneficial to simultaneously, reduces the dependence to labour, it is cost-effective, improve seed production efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selection of hybrid rice, more particularly to a kind of close hybridization water of parent's duration from seeding to heading
Rice selection, belongs to the seed selection field of hybrid rice.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the staple food crop of China, wherein current hundred million mu of paddy rice Annual planting area about 4.3-4.4, hybrid rice
Annual planting area is about 2.2 hundred million mu, accounts for more than the 50% of total rice area, is that rice in China is significantly increased production and grain security work
Tremendous contribution is gone out.
Currently, the male parent (restorer) for most Hybrid Rice Combinations that China promotes and maternal (sterile line) broadcast the beginning
Go through phase (number of days eared since being seeded into) difference larger (generally male parent breeding time is long, and maternal breeding time is short).System
When planting, to make male parent and maternal flower synchronization, the F1 generation that hybridizes (i.e. commodity cenospecies), it is necessary to first sow duration from seeding to heading length
Parent's (male parent), according to male parent and maternal duration from seeding to heading number of days different, then sows the short parent of duration from seeding to heading (female parent), makes father
This is eared, blooms and pollinated in the identical time with female parent.It is asynchronous that this aspect causes Parent to be transplanted, and field operation is basic
According to resistance to artificial, the amount of labour is big, costly, it is difficult to be adapted to the present situation of current work human resources reduction of being engaged in agriculture；The opposing party
Climate difference between face, the duration from seeding to heading Chang Yinnian borders of Parent and fluctuate, the sowing even from historical experience to father and mother
Phase is adjusted, and the phenomenon of Parent flowering asynchronism is still happened occasionally, and hybrid seed yield is difficult to ensure that.
Therefore, Parent is realized while the mechanization sowed and produced is to ensure breeding of hybrid rice yield and production of hybrid seeds effect
Rate, reduction production cost and the effective way for improving hybrid rice production technology competitiveness.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of close hybrid rice breeding method of parent's duration from seeding to heading,
This method reacts close male parent by the interval sowing under different ecological environmental condition, selection duration from seeding to heading to homoclime
It is (restorer) and maternal (sterile line), through test cross combo, advantage New Hybrid Rice Combination is cultivated, to ensure male parent and the maternal same period
Flower synchronization during sowing, improves the reliability of the production of hybrid seeds, improves seed production efficiency；It is also beneficial to adapt to field operation machinery simultaneously,
The dependence to labour is reduced, it is cost-effective.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is：
The invention discloses a kind of close hybrid rice breeding method of parent's duration from seeding to heading, comprise the following steps：(1) select
The close restorer of duration from seeding to heading and sterile line are educated, then using sterile line as maternal and restorer test cross, test cross F is obtained1Generation；
(2) the excellent test cross F of selection traits1In generation, produce.
Wherein, in high temperature, plantation test cross F under the conditions of long day1Generation；It is preferred that, wherein, the high temperature, long day condition are conjunction
The 5-10 months of fertilizer.The test cross F for selecting economical character excellent1Generation, as parent's breeding time close hybrid rice.
The seed selection of step (1) described duration from seeding to heading close restorer and sterile line, including：
(1) with sterile line ' hybridize to be maternal with parental rice, obtain hybrid F1Generation；
(2) with step (1) sterile line ' it is recurrent parent and hybrid F1Generation backcrossing, obtains backcross progeny；After being returned
For selfing, BC is obtainednF2Colony；
(3) with restorer ' be maternal and parental rice ' hybridization, obtain hybrid F1' generation；
(4) with step (3) restorer ' it is recurrent parent and hybrid F1' generation backcrossing, obtain backcross progeny '；Will backcrossing
Offspring ' selfing, obtain BCnF2' colony；
(5) BC is sowed respectivelynF2Colony and BCnF2' colony, and continuous multi-generation selfing is stable to economical character, the beginning is broadcast in seed selection
Phase close restorer and sterile line are gone through, is produced；
Or,
(a) with sterile line ' hybridize to be maternal with parental rice, obtain hybrid F1Generation；
(b) by hybrid F1F is produced for selfing2Colony；
(c) with restorer ' be maternal and parental rice ' hybridization, obtain hybrid F1' generation；
(d) by hybrid F1' produce F for selfing2' colony；
(e) F is sowed respectively2Colony and F2' colony, and continuous multi-generation selfing is stable to economical character, seed selection duration from seeding to heading phase
Near restorer and sterile line, are produced.
Wherein, step (1) parental rice and step (3) described parental rice ' duration from seeding to heading it is close, and heredity away from
From farther out；Step (a) the paddy rice male parent and step (c) the paddy rice male parent ' duration from seeding to heading it is close, and genetic distance compared with
Far.Step (2) or step (4) it is described backcrossing for backcrossing 1-3 generations；The selfing is selfing 1 time.Duration from seeding to heading phase of the present invention
Closely differed≤2 days for duration from seeding to heading.
Further, step (5) is described sows BC respectivelynF2Colony and BCnF2' colony, and continuous multi-generation selfing is to agronomy
Character is stable, the close restorer of seed selection duration from seeding to heading and sterile line, comprises the following steps：
(I) in high temperature, under the conditions of long day, while sowing and transplanting BCnF2Colony and BCnF2' colony (and each 2000 plants with
On), the individual plant that beginning ear period is close and character is excellent in Liang Ge colonies is selected, candidate's single-strain seed is harvested；
(II) same year, in low temperature, under the conditions of short day, while sowing and transplant step (I) Zhong Liangge colonies harvest respectively
Seed, plant into plant, the selection individual plant that beginning ear period is close and character is excellent harvests seed；
(III) next year, in high temperature, under the conditions of long day, while the seed harvested respectively in sowing and transplant step (II),
Plant is planted into, the selection individual plant that beginning ear period is close and character is excellent harvests candidate's single-strain seed；
(IV) repeat step (II) and step (III), until the individual plant character of selection is stable, harvest seed respectively；
(V) seed for harvesting step (IV) is respectively in high temperature, low temperature, broadcast under the conditions of long day and by stages under the conditions of short day
Plant and transplant, selection close strain of beginning ear period in each identical date of seeding, respectively selected sterile line and restorer；
(VI) Fertility identification is carried out to the sterile line that step (V) is selected, produced.
Wherein, step (I) harvest candidate's single-strain seed, including：Select BCnF2Pollen sterility or without pollen in colony
Individual plant, cut stubble, and transplanting regenerates it, the seed on individual plant harvest regeneration plant；To BCnF2' individual plant that selects in colony,
Directly harvest single-strain seed；Step (III) harvest candidate's single-strain seed, including：To BCnF2The middle menu strain of colony offspring,
Select pollen sterility or without pollen individual plant, cut stubble, transplant generation ratooning rice, and harvest the seed on corresponding individual plant；To BCnF2' group
The individual plant of body offspring, directly harvests single-strain seed；It is preferred that, wherein the stubble that cuts is rice stubble height 15-20cm.Step (II) and
Step (IV) the harvest seed is directly harvest single-strain seed.
Step (e) is described to sow F respectively2Colony and F2' colony, and continuous multi-generation selfing is stable to economical character, seed selection is broadcast
Begin to go through phase close restorer and sterile line, comprise the following steps：
(I) in high temperature, under the conditions of long day, while sowing and transplanting F2Colony and F2' colony's (each more than 2000 plants), selection
The individual plant that beginning ear period is close in Liang Ge colonies and character is excellent, harvests candidate's single-strain seed；
(II) same year, in low temperature, under the conditions of short day, while two groups harvested respectively in sowing and transplant step (I)
Body seed, plants into plant, and the selection individual plant that beginning ear period is close and character is excellent harvests seed；
(III) next year, in high temperature, under the conditions of long day, while the seed harvested respectively in sowing and transplant step (II),
Plant is planted into, the selection individual plant that beginning ear period is close and character is excellent harvests candidate's single-strain seed；
(IV) repeat step (II) and step (III), until the individual plant character of selection is stable, harvest seed respectively；
(V) by the seed of harvest in step (IV) respectively high temperature, under the conditions of long day and low temperature, under the conditions of short day by stages
Sowing and transplanting, respectively selection close strain of beginning ear period in each identical date of seeding, selected sterile line and restorer；
(VI) Fertility identification is carried out to the sterile line that step (V) is selected, produced.
Wherein, step (I) harvest candidate's single-strain seed, including：Select F2Pollen sterility or without pollen in colony
Individual plant, cuts stubble, and transplanting regenerates it, the seed on individual plant harvest regeneration plant；To F2' individual plant that selects in colony, directly
Harvest single-strain seed；Step (III) harvest candidate's single-strain seed, including：To F2The middle menu strain of colony offspring, selection flower
Powder is sterile or without pollen individual plant, cuts stubble, transplants generation ratooning rice, and harvests the seed on corresponding individual plant；To F2' colony offspring
Individual plant, directly harvests single-strain seed；It is preferred that, wherein the stubble that cuts is rice stubble height 15-20cm.Step (II) and step (IV)
The harvest seed is directly harvest single-strain seed.
Beginning ear period of the present invention is close to differ≤2 days for duration from seeding to heading；The high temperature, long day condition are the 4-10 in Hefei
The moon, preferably the 5-10 months in Hefei；The low temperature, short day condition are the 11-12 months in Hainan；Step (V) described interval sowing is
Divide the sowing of 6 phases, broadcast for 1 phase within every 10 days；Specifically, the interval sowing can be that sowing time is 4/ in high temperature, under the conditions of long day
20、4/30、5/10、5/20、5/30、6/9；In low temperature, under the conditions of short day, sowing time be 11/10,11/20,11/30,12/10,
12/20、12/30；Described transplant is after planting 30 days, is transplanted simultaneously；Step (VI) Fertility identification according to《Paddy rice light, temperature
Quick male sterility line Fertility identification code NY/T1215-2006 NY/T 1215-2006》Carry out.
It is that trait segregation does not occur for selected individual plant that character of the present invention is stable.Character of the present invention it is excellent including
Yield is high, resistant to diseases and insects is strong, quality better, precocious or late-maturing etc. economical character, can specifically be determined according to breeding objective.
Hybrid rice breeding method of the present invention, the sterile line includes：Dual purpose genic male sterile line N876S (extensively accounts for 63 improvement strain
System, duration from seeding to heading 75-80 days)；The parental rice includes：(Huang Xinzhan/Fenghua occupies F5 generations to Huang Huazhan, Guangdong Agricultural section
The seed selection of rice research institute of institute), 14C195 (grind by the advanced clones of Yang No.6 rice/RH003 seed selections, Academy of Agri-Science and Technology Anhui Province paddy rice
Study carefully institute's seed selection)；The restorer includes：13np34 is (by the mutagenic obtained stable strain of Yang No.6 rice, 100 days left sides of duration from seeding to heading
It is right).
The present invention is not particularly limited to sterile line, restorer and parental rice, the excellent sterile system, extensive commonly used in production
Multiple system, and to meet duration from seeding to heading close (duration from seeding to heading is differed≤2 days), and all rice germplasms of genetic distance farther out are fitted
For the present invention.
Hybrid rice breeding method of the present invention is compared with traditional seed selection method for rice, is as a result shown, conventional hybridization
Paddy rice seed selection, because the maternal duration from seeding to heading of male parent is different, it is necessary to Parent artificial seeding and artificial transplanting, the amount of labour by stages respectively
Greatly, costly, field operation is basic to rely on artificial, and efficiency is low；And due to climate difference between year border, Parent flowering asynchronism
Risk is larger, and hybrid seed yield is difficult to ensure that.And parent's breeding time of Hybrid Rice Combinations of the present invention it is close (duration from seeding to heading difference≤
2 days), mechanical mixed seeding, it is not necessary to transplant Parent realizes the mechanization that Parent is sowed and produced simultaneously, and the amount of labour is small, takes
With low, seed production efficiency height；And Parent flower synchronization, reduce the risk of Parent flowering asynchronism, it is ensured that hybrid rice system
Plant yield.
Technical solution of the present invention compared with prior art, has the advantages that：
The present invention reacts close by the interval sowing under different ecological environmental condition, selection duration from seeding to heading to homoclime
Male parent (restorer) and maternal (sterile line), through test cross combo, cultivate advantage New Hybrid Rice Combination, it is ensured that male parent with
Flower synchronization during maternal same period sowing, improves the reliability of the production of hybrid seeds；It is also suitable for utilizing field operation machinery simultaneously, reduces to agriculture
The dependence of material labour, it is cost-effective, improve seed production efficiency.
The term definition that the present invention relates to
Unless otherwise defined, otherwise all technologies used herein and scientific terminology all have with it is of the art
Those of ordinary skill generally understands identical implication.
" duration from seeding to heading " means the number of days that since paddy rice ear being seeded into.
" sterile line " includes " CMS line " and " two-line sterile line ".CMS line means the male that will be chosen not
Educate the quality with male sterility feature and neat and consistent that individual plant is cultivated through continuous backcross again with fertile individual hybridization.
Two-line sterile line means photo-thermo-sensitive genetic male sterile line, and its Fertility al-teration has substantial connection with sunshine length and temperature height, high in long day
Under the conditions of temperature, it shows male sterility；Under short day cryogenic conditions, recover male-fertile.
" restorer " means a certain strain with that after sterile line hybridization filial generation can be made to recover male-fertile feature.
" backcrossing " means that hybrid that two parents produce is hybridized with one of parent again.It is general to hybridize in first time
There is Shi Xuan the kind of good characteristic to make maternal, and make male parent when each time is returned afterwards, and this parent cries samsara in backcrossing
Parent.
" selfing " mean combination from same individual female and male gametophyte or with the mating between identical genotype individuals or
Mating between individual from same clone.
" test cross ", on paddy rice, test cross refers to using sterile line as female parent, hybridizes from different restorers, determines the cooperation of parent
Power, the strong cross combination of selection F 1 advantage.
" genetic distance " is the index of some character complex inheritance difference sizes between measurement kind.Required by breeding objective
Character more than one, in order to more fully reflect the hereditary difference between parental breed, it is necessary to consider to multiple characters,
So as to the concept for genetic distance of extending out.By Multielement statistical analysis method calculate that multiple character gene offsets between kind constitute it is many
The geometric distance of dimension space, is just called interracial genetic distance.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the close hybrid rice seed selection flow of parent's duration from seeding to heading.
Embodiment
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific embodiments, advantages of the present invention and feature will be with description and
It is apparent.It should be understood that the embodiment is only exemplary, any limitation is not constituted to the scope of the present invention.This area
Technical staff should be understood that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention can to the details of technical solution of the present invention and
Form is modified or replaced, but these modifications or substitutions each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
The seed selection of the hybrid rice of embodiment 1
(1) duration from seeding to heading close (duration from seeding to heading is 90 days or so in Hefei), genetic distance parent Huang Huazhan farther out are chosen
(Huang Xinzhan/Fenghua occupies F5 generations, and Inst. of Rice, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences's seed selection is simultaneously externally sold), 14C195 (raise rice 6
Number/advanced clones of RH003 seed selections, Paddy Rice Inst., Anhui Agriculture Science Academy's seed selection simultaneously externally sells)；
(2) with Paddy Rice Inst., Anhui Agriculture Science Academy self-fertile dual purpose genic male sterile line N876S (Academy of Agri-Science and Technology Anhui Province
Rice research is externally sold) it is that (Guangzhan 63S is maternal to female parent, with selfing (BC after bright extensive 63 hybridization, backcrossing1F3), acquisition
Two-line sterile line, duration from seeding to heading 75-80 days) hybridization is accounted for yellow China, obtain hybrid F1(S).And by recurrent parent of N876S with it is miscellaneous
Plant F1(S) generation of continuous backcross 2, BC is produced2F1(S) seed；
(3) the mutagenic obtained material with golden shell and golden internode is passed through with Paddy Rice Inst., Anhui Agriculture Science Academy
Expect that 13np34 (Paddy Rice Inst., Anhui Agriculture Science Academy's seed selection is simultaneously externally sold) (is utilized 0.5%EMS (ethylmethane sulfonate)
Yang No.6 rice is handled, stable strain, duration from seeding to heading 100 days or so are obtained in the generation of mutagenesis 2) hybridize to be maternal with 14C195, obtain miscellaneous
Plant F1(R), and by recurrent parent of 13np34 with hybrid F1(R) continuous backcross, produces BC1F1(R) seed；
(4) BC is sowed and transplanted simultaneously to Hefei, May 52F2And BC (S)1F2(R) seed (each more than 2000 plants), August
Beginning ear period close (duration from seeding to heading is differed≤2 days) and the excellent individual plant of economical character in 10-15 days selection Liang Ge colonies, and mark
Note.To BC2F2(S) individual plant that is selected in colony carries out microscopy, selects the individual plant without pollen, cuts stubble, and be transplanted to another field every
It is regenerated from plantation, the mature seed BC on individual plant harvest regeneration plant2F3(S) generation；To BC1F2(R) list selected in colony
Strain, directly harvest single-strain seed BC when ripe1F3(R) generation.
(5) same year, Hainan, 20-25 days November sows the individual plant of step (4) Zhong Liangge colonies selection simultaneously, plants into
Plant (150-200 plants), selection beginning ear period close (duration from seeding to heading is differed≤2 days) and the excellent individual plant of economical character, sowing.
(6) next year, Hefei, May, 5-10 sowings, planted into plant (150-200 plant), selected that beginning ear period is close (to broadcast the beginning
Go through phase difference≤2 days) and the excellent individual plant of economical character.To BC2F1(S) pollen microscopic examination, nothing after the middle menu strain of offspring, beginning fringe
Pollen individual plant cuts stubble and transplants generation ratooning rice, and harvests the seed on corresponding individual plant；To BC1F1(R) after the individual plant of offspring, maturation
Directly harvest single-strain seed.
(7) repeat step (5) and step (6), until the individual plant economical character of selection is stable, collect sufficient amount of kind
Son.
(8) by the BC of harvest in step (7)2F1And BC (S)1F1(R) seed of two offsprings, respectively in Hefei and Hainan
Interval sowing.Hefei sowing time is 4/20,4/30,5/10,5/20,5/30,6/9；Hainan sowing time is 11/10,11/20,11/
30、12/10、12/20、12/30.Selection is in each date of seeding, the strain of beginning ear period all close (duration from seeding to heading is differed≤2 days)
System.
(9) reference《Paddy rice light, thcrmo-scnsitivc genie male stcrility line fertility identification code NY/T1215-2006 NY/T 1215-
2006》, Fertility identification is carried out to the sterile line of selection, standard compliant sterile line is selected；
(10) sterile line chosen using in step (9) is female parent, the restorer test cross with selection in step (8), in Hefei
(the 5-10 months) plantation observation test cross F1The economical character in generation, the excellent F of selection economical character1In generation, as parent's breeding time, are close
New hybrid rice varieties.
The seed selection of the hybrid rice of embodiment 2
(1) duration from seeding to heading close (duration from seeding to heading is 90 days or so in Hefei), genetic distance parent Huang Huazhan farther out are chosen
(Huang Xinzhan/Fenghua occupies F5 generations, Inst. of Rice, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences's seed selection), 14C195 (Yang No.6 rice/RH003 seed selections
Advanced clones, Paddy Rice Inst., Anhui Agriculture Science Academy's seed selection simultaneously externally sell)；
(2) using Paddy Rice Inst., Anhui Agriculture Science Academy self-fertile dual purpose genic male sterile line N876S to be maternal, (Guangzhan 63S is
Selfing (BC after female parent, with bright extensive 63 hybridization, backcrossing1F3), the two-line sterile line of acquisition, duration from seeding to heading 75-80 days) and Huang Huazhan
Hybridization, obtains hybrid F1(S).By hybrid F1(S) directly selfing produces F2(S) colony；
(3) the mutagenic obtained material with golden shell and golden internode is passed through with Paddy Rice Inst., Anhui Agriculture Science Academy
Expect that 13np34 (using 0.5%EMS (ethylmethane sulfonate) processing Yang No.6 rice, stable strain, duration from seeding to heading is obtained in the generation of mutagenesis 2
100 days or so) hybridize to be maternal with 14C195, obtain hybrid F1(R), by hybrid F1(R) directly selfing produces F2(R) colony；
(4) F is sowed and transplanted simultaneously to Hefei, May 52And F (S)2(R) seed (each more than 2000 plants), August 10-15 days
Beginning ear period close (duration from seeding to heading is differed≤2 days) and the excellent individual plant of economical character in Liang Ge colonies are selected, and is marked.To F2
(S) individual plant selected in colony carries out microscopy, selects the individual plant without pollen, cutting stubble, and be transplanted to another field isolation implant makes
It regenerates, the mature seed on individual plant harvest regeneration plant；To F2(R) individual plant selected in colony, directly harvests list when ripe
Strain seed.
(5) same year, Hainan, 20-25 days November sows the individual plant of step (4) Zhong Liangge colonies selection simultaneously, plants into
Plant (150-200 plants), selection beginning ear period close (duration from seeding to heading is differed≤2 days) and the excellent individual plant of economical character, sowing.
(6) next year, Hefei, May, 5-10 sowings, planted into plant (150-200 plant), selected that beginning ear period is close (to broadcast the beginning
Go through phase difference≤2 days) and the excellent individual plant of economical character.To F2(S) pollen microscopic examination, no flower after the middle menu strain of offspring, beginning fringe
Powder individual plant cuts stubble and transplants generation ratooning rice, and harvests the seed on corresponding individual plant；To F2(R) after the individual plant of offspring, maturation directly
Harvest single-strain seed.
(7) repeat step (5) and step (6), until the individual plant economical character of selection is stable, collect sufficient amount of kind
Son.
(8) by the F of harvest in step (7)2And F (S)2(R) seed of two offsprings, broadcasts by stages in Hefei and Hainan respectively
Kind.Hefei sowing time is 4/20,4/30,5/10,5/20,5/30,6/9；Hainan sowing time is 11/10,11/20,11/30,12/
10、12/20、12/30.Selection is in each date of seeding, the strain of beginning ear period all close (duration from seeding to heading is differed≤2 days).
(9) reference《Paddy rice light, thcrmo-scnsitivc genie male stcrility line fertility identification code NY/T1215-2006 NY/T 1215-
2006》, Fertility identification is carried out to the sterile line of selection, standard compliant sterile line is selected；
(10) sterile line chosen using in step (9) is female parent, the restorer test cross with selection in step (8), in Hefei
(the 5-10 months) plantation observation test cross F1The economical character in generation, the excellent F of selection economical character1In generation, as parent's breeding time, are close
New hybrid rice varieties.
The seed selection of comparative examples hybrid rice
The yellow China of hybrid rice male parent is accounted for into (duration from seeding to heading is 90 days or so in Hefei), is line with genic sterile with female parent two
N876S (extensively accounting for 63 improvement strains, duration from seeding to heading 75-80 days) alternate plantation, first sows the male parent of duration from seeding to heading length, then basis
Male parent and maternal duration from seeding to heading number of days different, then the short female parent of duration from seeding to heading is sowed, make male parent with female parent in the identical time
Ear, bloom and pollinate, harvest seed.
The seed production efficiency of experimental example 1 compares
The seed production efficiency of the Hybrid Rice Combinations of the seed selection of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and comparative examples is compared, as a result
It is shown in Table 1.
The seed production efficiency of table 1 compares
As a result show, conventional hybridization paddy rice seed selection, because the maternal duration from seeding to heading of male parent is different, it is necessary to which Parent is distinguished by stages
Artificial seeding and artificial transplanting, the amount of labour are big, costly, and field operation is basic to rely on artificial, and efficiency is low；And the Parent florescence
The risk do not met is larger, and hybrid seed yield is difficult to ensure that.
And parent's breeding time of Hybrid Rice Combinations of the present invention is close (duration from seeding to heading is differed≤2 days), mechanical mixed seeding is not required to
Parent is transplanted, Parent is realized while the mechanization sowed and produced, the amount of labour is small, expense is low, seed production efficiency is high；And
And Parent flower synchronization, reduce the risk of Parent flowering asynchronism, it is ensured that breeding of hybrid rice yield.
Claims (8)
1. the close hybrid rice breeding method of a kind of parent's duration from seeding to heading, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) the close restorer of seed selection duration from seeding to heading and sterile line, then using sterile line as maternal and restorer test cross, are surveyed
Hand over F1Generation；(2) the excellent test cross F of selection traits1In generation, produce；
The seed selection of step (1) described duration from seeding to heading close restorer and sterile line, including：
(1) with sterile line ' hybridize to be maternal with parental rice, obtain hybrid F1Generation；
(2) with step (1) sterile line ' it is recurrent parent and hybrid F1Generation backcrossing, obtains backcross progeny；By backcross progeny certainly
Hand over, obtain BCnF2Colony；
(3) with restorer ' be maternal and parental rice ' hybridization, obtain hybrid F1' generation；
(4) with step (3) restorer ' it is recurrent parent and hybrid F1' generation backcrossing, obtain backcross progeny '；By backcross progeny '
Selfing, obtains BCnF2' colony；
(5) BC is sowed respectivelynF2Colony and BCnF2' colony, and continuous multi-generation selfing is stable to character, seed selection duration from seeding to heading is close
Restorer and sterile line, produce；
Or,
(a) with sterile line ' hybridize to be maternal with parental rice, obtain hybrid F1Generation；
(b) by hybrid F1F is produced for selfing2Colony；
(c) with restorer ' be maternal and parental rice ' hybridization, obtain hybrid F1' generation；
(d) by hybrid F1' produce F for selfing2' colony；
(e) F is sowed respectively2Colony and F2' colony, and continuous multi-generation selfing is stable to character, the close recovery of seed selection duration from seeding to heading
System and sterile line, are produced；
Wherein, step (5) is described sows BC respectivelynF2Colony and BCnF2' colony, and continuous multi-generation selfing is stable to character, seed selection
The close restorer of duration from seeding to heading and sterile line, comprise the following steps：
(I) in high temperature, under the conditions of long day, while sowing and transplanting BCnF2Colony and BCnF2' colony, select the fringe that begins in Liang Ge colonies
The individual plant that phase is close and character is excellent, harvests candidate's single-strain seed；
(II) same year, in low temperature, under the conditions of short day, while sowing the seed that step (I) Zhong Liangge colonies harvest respectively, then
Gained plant is transplanted simultaneously, and the selection individual plant that beginning ear period is close and character is excellent harvests seed；
(III) next year, in high temperature, under the conditions of long day, while sowing the seed harvested respectively in step (II), then same time shift
Gained plant is planted, the selection individual plant that beginning ear period is close and character is excellent harvests candidate's single-strain seed；
(IV) repeat step (II) and step (III), until the individual plant character of selection is stable, harvest seed respectively；
(V) by step (IV) harvest seed respectively high temperature, under the conditions of long day and low temperature, under the conditions of short day interval sowing and
Transplant, selection close strain of beginning ear period in each identical date of seeding, respectively selected sterile line and restorer；
(VI) Fertility identification is carried out to the sterile line that step (V) is selected, produced；
Step (e) is described to sow F respectively2Colony and F2' colony, and continuous multi-generation selfing is stable to character, seed selection duration from seeding to heading phase
Near restorer and sterile line, comprise the following steps：
(I) in high temperature, under the conditions of long day, while sowing and transplanting F2Colony and F2' colony, select beginning ear period phase in Liang Ge colonies
The near and excellent individual plant of character, harvests candidate's single-strain seed；
(II) same year, in low temperature, under the conditions of short day, while sowing the Liang Ge colonies seed harvested respectively in step (I), then
Gained plant is transplanted simultaneously, and the selection individual plant that beginning ear period is close and character is excellent harvests seed；
(III) next year, in high temperature, under the conditions of long day, while sowing the seed harvested respectively in step (II), then same time shift
Gained plant is planted, the selection individual plant that beginning ear period is close and character is excellent harvests candidate's single-strain seed；
(IV) repeat step (II) and step (III), until the individual plant character of selection is stable, harvest seed respectively；
(V) by the seed of harvest in step (IV) respectively in high temperature, under the conditions of long day and low temperature, interval sowing under the conditions of short day
And transplanting, selection close strain of beginning ear period in each identical date of seeding, respectively selected sterile line and restorer；
(VI) Fertility identification is carried out to the sterile line that step (V) is selected, produced；
Step (1) parental rice and step (3) described parental rice ' duration from seeding to heading it is close；Step (a) the paddy rice parent
This and step (c) parental rice ' duration from seeding to heading it is close；The duration from seeding to heading is close to differ≤2 days for duration from seeding to heading；Institute
It is that, according to duration from seeding to heading meter, it≤2 days is to be determined as that beginning ear period is close that beginning ear period, which is differed, to state beginning ear period close.
2. according to the hybrid rice breeding method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (2) or step (4) backcrossing
For backcrossing 1-3 generations；The selfing is selfing 1 time.
3. according to the hybrid rice breeding method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (5), step (I) is described to be received
Candidate's single-strain seed is obtained, including：Select BCnF2Pollen sterility or the individual plant without pollen in colony, cut stubble, and transplanting regenerates it,
Seed on individual plant harvest regeneration plant；To BCnF2' individual plant that selects in colony, directly harvest single-strain seed；
Step (III) harvest candidate's single-strain seed, including：To BCnF2Colony offspring middle menu strain, selection pollen sterility or
Without pollen individual plant, cut stubble, transplant generation ratooning rice, and harvest the seed on corresponding individual plant；To BCnF2' colony offspring individual plant,
Directly harvest single-strain seed；
Step (II) or step (III) sowing is plant into plant.
4. according to the hybrid rice breeding method described in claim 3, it is characterised in that the stubble that cuts is rice stubble height 15-
20cm。
5. according to the hybrid rice breeding method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (e), step (I) is described to be received
Candidate's single-strain seed is obtained, including：Select F2Pollen sterility or the individual plant without pollen in colony, cut stubble, and transplanting regenerates it, single
Seed on strain harvest regeneration plant；To F2' individual plant that selects in colony, directly harvest single-strain seed；
Step (III) harvest candidate's single-strain seed, including：To F2The middle menu strain of colony offspring, selection pollen sterility or nothing
Pollen individual plant, cuts stubble, transplants generation ratooning rice, and harvest the seed on corresponding individual plant；To F2' colony offspring individual plant, directly
Harvest single-strain seed；
Step (II) or step (III) sowing is plant into plant.
6. according to the hybrid rice breeding method described in claim 5, it is characterised in that the stubble that cuts is rice stubble height 15-
20cm。
7. according to the hybrid rice breeding method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The high temperature, long day condition are the 4-10 months in Hefei；The low temperature, short day condition are the 11-12 months in Hainan；
Step (V) described interval sowing is a point 6 phases sowing, broadcasts for 1 phase within every 10 days；Described transplant is after planting 30 days, same to time shift
Plant.
8. according to the hybrid rice breeding method described in claim 7, it is characterised in that：The high temperature, long day condition are Hefei
The 5-10 months.
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| CN109089872A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-28 | 武汉大学 | A kind of hybrid rice seed breeding process of same period live streaming parent |
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