CN103875462B - Triple cross wheat breeding technical method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a triple cross wheat breeding technical method which is a cross wheat breeding technical method tightly combining a conventional cross breeding technology and a hybrid vigor breeding technology. Specifically, the technical method is organically composed of six modules, namely a genetic resource and parent garden module, a cross breed parent breeding module, a hybrid vigor testing and selecting module, a cross breed breeding module, a conventional cross breeding module and a production performance comparison test module. The relations among the modules and the relations of the working procedures in the modules are clear. The triple cross wheat breeding technical method solves the problem that due to the fact that breeding resources and information between two breeding methods cannot be effectively shared, the hybrid vigor breeding efficiency is not high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wheat breeding technical field, particularly relate to a kind of triple crossing method for breeding wheat.
Background technology
Wheat is that gross yield is maximum in the world, the cereal crops be of high nutritive value.Along with the further increase of the size of population, per capita area of cultivated farmland reduces year by year, and food problem is one of our current matter of utmost importance faced.Hybrid vigour is a kind of universal phenomenon in biosphere.At present, utilize wheat heterosis be improve wheat yield one of major measure.Wheat utilizes heterotic main path to have three: both " three line method ", " two line methods " and " chemical emasculation method ", the present invention is only for first two method.
Three line method refers to and male sterile line, maintainer and restorer is carried out three series mating, and sterile is maternal, and maintenance is male parent, alternate plantation, and lower generation that male sterile line bears seeds is still male sterile, and male sterile line continues to breed or in order to preparing hybrid kind; With sterile be maternal, recovery is male parent, alternate plantation, and award male sterile line pollen by restorer, the seed that male sterile line plant produces is crossbreed.
Two line method refers to only have photoperiod-temperature sensitive male sterility system and restorer two to be supporting.Photoperiod-temperature sensitive male sterility controls by recessive key-gene, and the expression of its fertility is subject to the impact of extraneous Thermo-Photo sensitive.In sensitive periods, when environmental temperature is at cirtical temperature range of sterility, show as completely sterile, at this moment male sterile line can be used to and the restorer production of hybrid seeds; When environmental temperature is when educating critical temperature range, male sterile line recovers again normally can educate, and self-fertility is bred.
In wheat breeding work, conventional cross-breeding and heterosis breeding are two research directions, are generally carried out respectively by Liang Ge breeding team.Because Breeding direction is different, breeding method difference, the procedure of breeding is different, selects emphasis different, so separately integrally, seldom combine.The parent of heterosis breeding is male sterile line and restorer, and the key that hybrid wheat utilizes is influential point set apolegamy, and the emphasis of selection is the first generation of hybrid (F1) combination showing strong advantage; Parent's fertility of conventional breeding is normal, evaluates the general performance that hybrid combination quality mainly sees individual plant, strain and the family many generations selected by segregative generation (F2 ~ Fn), and general tree F1 combination is selected.Heterosis breeding is less by parental identity restriction (parent must be stable sterile line and restorer) annual hybrid wheat configuration combined number, and influential point set probability of occurrence is very low.And wheat conventional cross-breeding does not limit by parent's fertility, hundreds of even thousands of hybrid combination can be configured every year, but from generation to generation not select have lost the breeding information wherein showing influential point set due to F1.
In addition, when three line method wheat breeding Parented selected mating of hybridization, need in heading artificial to male sterile line cover sheepskin paper bag afterwards, manually authorize restorer pollen again, special in the advantageous combination Yield compari@stage, each hybrid combination need the amount of kind comparatively large, a large amount of bagging in field and pollination manual operation, especially time-consuming inefficiency of taking a lot of work.Limit hybrid wheat advantageous combination mass seed production efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of triple crossing method for breeding wheat, to solve between two kinds of breeding methods, parent management and information can not be effectively shared, cause the problem that heterosis breeding efficiency is not high.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, present invention employs by the technical method of six module Organic structure, comprise: germ plasm resource and parent garden module, hybrid parents seed selection module, hybrid vigour survey modeling block, crossbreed breeding module, conventional cross-breeding module, productivity comparative test module, in the contact between module and module, the relation of working procedure is cheer and bright.
Germ plasm resource and parent garden module.Collect distinctive product based material in abundant kind material and productivity comparative test both at home and abroad in parent garden, the backbone parent that some material can be used as in conventional breeding utilizes, and enters conventional cross-breeding module.Some material can be used as the parent of heterosis breeding, enters hybrid parents seed selection module, and backcross transformation becomes male sterile line (female parent) or restorer (male parent).
Conventional cross-breeding module.Carry out hybrid vigour to conventional cross-breeding single cross F1 generation and survey product, mirror measures influential point set female parent and influential point set male parent; Influential point set female parent and male parent enter the candidate parent of hybrid parents seed selection module as heterosis breeding parent seed selection respectively.All the other are combined into conventional breeding programmes and carry out progeny selection.
Hybrid parents seed selection module.Hybrid parents seed selection has three sources: the influential point set female parent that conventional cross-breeding obtains and influential point set male parent; The outstanding strain produced in productivity comparative test; Collect from wheat breed material both domestic and external in parent garden; According to parent's feature, determine the scheme of transformation male sterile line and restorer.
Hybrid vigour surveys modeling block.From the outstanding stable male sterile line of hybrid parents seed selection and outstanding stable restorer under isolation condition between each male parent and multiple female parent row plant, form n the many female unit of a father (n=male parent number), next year carries out the qualification of hybrid combination advantage, 1 year strong advantage hybrid combination Yield compari@is carried out in the strong advantage hybrid combination identified again, and that determines upgrading is combined into productivity comparative test module; Meanwhile, parent's male sterile line of strong advantage hybrid combination and restorer enter crossbreed breeding module and carry out seminal propagation.
Crossbreed breeding module.Male sterile line breeding man breeds, and adopt bagging seed head progeny row round-robin method, every head progeny row bagging 2 fringe manually authorizes maintainer pollen point receipts separately, all the other mixed system results; Male sterile line breeder's stock is bred, male sterile line: it is capable of plantation that maintainer presses 5:1, cuts off maintainer in advance, then gather in the crops male sterile line after having pollinated; Restorer breeding man breeds, and adopt head progeny row round-robin method, every head progeny row selects 1-2 fringe to gather in the crops separately, all the other mixed system results, next year composite variety breeding restorer breeder's stock; Crossbreed breeds, male sterile line breeder's stock: it is capable of plantation that restorer breeder's stock presses 5:1, cuts off restorer in advance, then gather in the crops crossbreed after having pollinated.
Productivity comparative test module.Comprise that family compares, strain compares successively, variety protection and region variety protection.
Triple crossing method for breeding wheat as above, further, the strong advantage hybrid combination identified, then carry out 1 year strong advantage hybrid combination Yield compari@, determine that the combination of upgrading directly enters the varietal yield test in productivity comparative test.
Triple crossing method for breeding wheat as above, further, hybrid parents seed selection comprises sterile line breeding and Breeding for restoration lines; In Breeding for restoration lines process, SSR molecular marker Xgwm95 and Barc61 gene-assisted selection technology is adopted to select objective trait in generation morning.Wheat fertility restorer is controlled by two pairs of major gene resistances, is positioned respectively on 2A chromosome and 1B chromosome, and chain with SSR molecular marker Xgwm95 and Barc61 respectively.
Triple crossing method for breeding wheat as above, further, in sterile line breeding, stable sterile line bagging self-pollination ripening rate≤0.5%.In Breeding for restoration lines, stablize restorer bagging self-pollination ripening rate >=90%; Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the present invention is by germ plasm resource and parent garden; Conventional cross-breeding; Hybrid parents seed selection; Hybrid vigour surveys choosing; Crossbreed breeding and productivity comparative test six module Organic structure, in the contact between module and module, the relation of working procedure is cheer and bright.Wherein, conventional cross-breeding and heterosis breeding (hybrid vigour survey select, crossbreed breeds) are combined closely is outstanding innovative point.In existing wheat breeding work, conventional cross-breeding and heterosis breeding are two research directions, are generally carried out respectively by Liang Ge breeding team, and one, seldom has relation separately.
2, conventional cross-breeding is combined with heterosis breeding.Conventional cross-breeding is not selected single cross first filial generation (F1) usually, and reserve seed for planting after the appraise of field (F2) after entering second filial starts to select.In method of the present invention, conventional breeding single cross F1 generation is just carried out hybrid vigour and is surveyed product.The female parent of influential point set and male parent, respectively as the candidate parent of heterosis breeding parent seed selection (male sterile line and restorer), by providing the abundant information of influential point set to F1 data analysis, extend the source of influential point set.In addition, through the qualification of productivity comparative test, other outstanding offspring of conventional breeding enters again germ plasm resource and parent garden is to be utilized.
3, Molecular Marker Assisted Selection Technology seed selection restorer is adopted.Wheat fertility restorer is that two pairs of major gene resistances control, and is positioned respectively on 2A chromosome and 1B chromosome, and chain with SSR molecular marker Xgwm95 and Barc61 respectively.In the process of Breeding for restoration lines, adopt Molecular Marker Assisted Selection Technology early generation is selected objective trait, significantly shorten breeding cycle and improve breeding efficiency.Preferably, outstanding restorer also enters productivity comparative test, and outstanding especially can participate in new varieties authorization.
4, cross combination which has strong superior surveys choosing.The present invention is with the many mothers of a father (restorer and multiple male sterile line) for unit, and in production of hybrid seeds cage, the open pollination of male parent restorer, gathers in the crops to obtain seed from maternal male sterile line, is exactly crossbreed.So, field can arrange the many female unit of a multiple father.In this way, each hybrid combination can the hybrid seed of production lot, not only may be used for the strong advantage Identification of hybrid combination but also may be used for the research of Heterotic Genetic aspect, substantially increased the batch seed production efficiency of hybrid wheat advantageous combination.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of triple crossing method for breeding wheat of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but not as a limitation of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, be the triple crossing method for breeding wheat of one embodiment of the present invention.Comprise: germ plasm resource and parent garden; Conventional cross-breeding; Hybrid parents seed selection; Hybrid vigour surveys choosing; Crossbreed breeding and productivity comparative test;
(1) germ plasm resource and parent garden: parent garden comprises collects from abundant wheat breed material both domestic and external; Germ plasm resource and parent garden provide raw material for conventional cross-breeding and hybrid parents seed selection;
(2) conventional cross-breeding: conventional cross-breeding single cross F1 generation enters productivity comparative test and carries out hybrid vigour survey product, select influential point set female parent and influential point set male parent, influential point set female parent and influential point set male parent enter the candidate parent of hybrid parents seed selection as heterosis breeding parent seed selection respectively;
(3) hybrid parents seed selection: the parent of hybrid parents seed selection has three sources: the influential point set female parent that conventional cross-breeding obtains and influential point set male parent; The outstanding strain produced in productivity comparative test; Collect from wheat breed material both domestic and external in parent garden; Hybrid parents seed selection comprises sterile line breeding and Breeding for restoration lines; In Breeding for restoration lines process, SSR molecular marker Xgwm95 and Barc61 gene-assisted selection technology is adopted to select objective trait in generation morning.Wheat fertility restorer is controlled by two pairs of major gene resistances, is positioned respectively on 2A chromosome and 1B chromosome, and chain with SSR molecular marker Xgwm95 and Barc61 respectively.
(4) hybrid vigour surveys choosing: from the outstanding stable male sterile line of hybrid parents seed selection and outstanding stable restorer under isolation condition between each male parent and multiple female parent row plant, form the many female unit of a multiple father, 1 year strong advantage hybrid combination Yield compari@is carried out in the strong advantage hybrid combination identified again, and that determines upgrading is combined into productivity comparative test; Meanwhile, parent's male sterile line of strong advantage hybrid combination and restorer start to enter crossbreed breeding and carry out seminal propagation;
(5) crossbreed breeding: male sterile line breeding man breeds, adopt bagging seed head progeny row round-robin method, every head progeny row bagging 2 fringe manually authorizes maintainer pollen point receipts separately, all the other mixed system results; Male sterile line breeder's stock is bred, male sterile line: it is capable of plantation that maintainer presses 5:1, cuts off maintainer in advance, then gather in the crops male sterile line after having pollinated; Restorer breeding man breeds, and adopt head progeny row round-robin method, every head progeny row selects 1-2 fringe to gather in the crops separately, all the other mixed system results, next year composite variety breeding restorer breeder's stock; Crossbreed breeds, male sterile line breeder's stock: it is capable of plantation that restorer breeder's stock presses 5:1, cuts off restorer in advance, then gather in the crops crossbreed after having pollinated.
(6) productivity comparative test comprise that family compares, strain compares successively, variety protection and region variety protection.
The embody rule of above-mentioned breeding method
1, conventional cross-breeding.Rule hybrid combination configuration, according to breeding objective, select from parent garden the wheat male parent in ecological far away source or geographical source far away or blood relationship source far away and wheat maternal, maternal artificial emasculation 3 ~ 5 fringe bagging, awards with paternal pollen.So, annual configurable hundreds of Single-cross Combinations, by combination results seed after ripe.
2, hybrid combination plantation, results.Eachly be combined as 5 row districts, middle 3 row plantation hybridization F1, both sides row plants male parent and female parent respectively.Row long 1.5m, line-spacing 20cm, often row 30 seed program requests.Broadcast 3 row between every 20 combinations and promote check variety.Carry out observation to the growth perfonnance that F1 combines breeding time to record.In the maturing stage, often combine F1 and receive 10 ~ 15 strains, parent and check variety respectively gather in the crops 10 strains.
3, hybrid combination advantage measures.Indoor investigation each combination F1, parent and contrast plant height and yield traits (spike number, thousand kernel weight, 10 strain grain yields), calculate and often combine output and to exceed standard (contrast) advantage, and sort from high to low, the combination of selection Heterosis over CK >=45%.
4, hybrid parents seed selection, determines the technical scheme of transformation male sterile line and restorer.The growth traits (plant height, heading stage, resistance etc.) of wheat male parent and wheat female parent in the combination of further analysing output Heterosis over CK >=45%, determines transformation to be the maternal and transformation of the influential point set wheat of male sterile line is the influential point set wheat male parent of restorer respectively.
Backcross transformation excellent sterile system (female parent) should saturatedly backcross, and bagging selfing 100% is sterile, and sterility is stablized, plant height≤85cm, and blooming stage wheat head grain husk shell opening angle is large, and it is longer that gynoecium exposes the time.Elite restorer line (male parent) transformation, limitedly based on sterile cytoplasm to backcross, binding molecule marker assisted selection, select with recurrent parent very approximate, bagging recovery rate and restoring degree > 85%, plant height is at 85 ~ 95cm, and blooming stage flower pesticide degree of exposing is high, pollen amount is large, the good selfing stability series of loose powder characteristic.
5, hybrid vigour surveys choosing.Select the excellent stable sterile line of some proterties (female parent) and restorer (male parent) to plant, the field planting mode of male parent and female parent is as follows.According to production of hybrid seeds amount needs, male parent: female parent can by row plantation between 1:1,1:2 or 1:3 capable ratio.Namely row 1 ~ 3 row male sterile line between 1 row restorer is planted.Row long 1.5 ~ 1.8m, line-spacing 20cm, often capable sowing 30.
During wheat heading stage, take male parent as unit by each male parent and and this male parent between production of hybrid seeds cage on the row female parent cover of planting, form the many female unit of a father; The quantity of the many female unit of one father is identical with male parent number used.During wheat heading stage, the many female unit of one father are covered upper production of hybrid seeds cage respectively, form the many female production of hybrid seeds unit of a multiple father.
The production of hybrid seeds cage that above-mentioned steps uses comprises: cage support, nylon cloth, slide fastener, pocket enclosing cover; Cage props up the framework being configured to wheat production of hybrid seeds cage; Nylon cloth covers on cage support; Slide fastener is arranged on cage on the front and back; Pocket enclosing cover is positioned at the top of slide fastener; Wheat plant is positioned at the inside of cage; In a kind of embodiment of the present invention, described production of hybrid seeds cage is long 4.5m, wide 1.8m, high 1.2m; Cage front and back respectively installs 2 slide fasteners, and slide fastener is U-shaped, the long 0.95m of slide fastener, U-shaped height 0.2m, and apart from ground 0.6m bottom slide fastener, apart from frame 0.2m, the spacing of two slide fasteners is 0.2m.
Male parent and maternal implantation methods are, male parent: maternal according to production of hybrid seeds amount needs, by row plantation between 1:1,1:2 or 1:3 capable ratio, the constant width of production of hybrid seeds cage is 1.8m, and the length of cage is preferably 4.5m (line number according to isolated location plantation is determined), production of hybrid seeds cage on wheat heading stage cover is convenient to.
6, male parent and maternal flowering regulation.Male sterile line heading more Zao than restorer 2 ~ 3 days or heading same period the best.Male sterile line heading more late than restorer 1 ~ 2 day, can spray gibberellin by Parent simultaneously, can promote to ear and extend the vitality of flower pesticide after male parent heading.Artificial supplementary pollination.During restorer (male parent) flowering loose powder, every day catches up with powder 2 times by the artificial bamboo pole of the handle hole of cage, continuous 5 ~ 7 days, improves the outcrossing seed-setting rate of male sterile line (female parent).
7, seed harvest.In the maturing stage, remove cage.The male sterile line (female parent) of each unit is gathered in the crops respectively, the seed that male sterile line is tied, i.e. crossbreed.It is results that restorer (male parent) can be mixed, the grain weight having expanded restorer numerous.
Above embodiment is only exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and be not used in restriction the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.Those skilled in the art can in essence of the present invention and protection domain, and make various amendment or equivalent replacement to the present invention, this amendment or equivalent replacement also should be considered as dropping in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a triple crossing method for breeding wheat, it is characterized in that, described method is by six module Organic structure, comprise: germ plasm resource and parent garden module, hybrid parents seed selection module, hybrid vigour survey modeling block, crossbreed breeding module, conventional cross-breeding module, productivity comparative test module, in the contact between module and module, the relation of working procedure is as follows;
Germ plasm resource and parent garden module; Collect distinctive product based material in abundant kind material and productivity comparative test both at home and abroad in parent garden, the backbone parent that some material can be used as in conventional breeding utilizes, and enters conventional cross-breeding module; Some material can be used as the parent of heterosis breeding, enters hybrid parents seed selection module, and backcross transformation becomes male sterile line (female parent) or restorer (male parent);
Conventional cross-breeding module; Carry out hybrid vigour to conventional cross-breeding single cross F1 generation and survey product, mirror measures influential point set female parent and influential point set male parent; Influential point set female parent and male parent enter the candidate parent of hybrid parents seed selection module as heterosis breeding parent seed selection respectively; All the other are combined into conventional breeding programmes and carry out progeny selection;
Hybrid parents seed selection module; Hybrid parents seed selection has three sources: the influential point set female parent that conventional cross-breeding obtains and influential point set male parent; The outstanding strain produced in productivity comparative test; Collect from wheat breed material both domestic and external in parent garden; According to parent's feature, determine the scheme of transformation male sterile line and restorer;
Hybrid vigour surveys modeling block; From the outstanding stable male sterile line of hybrid parents seed selection and outstanding stable restorer under isolation condition between each male parent and multiple female parent row plant, form the many female unit of a multiple father, next year carries out the qualification of hybrid combination advantage, 1 year strong advantage hybrid combination Yield compari@is carried out in the strong advantage hybrid combination identified again, and that determines upgrading is combined into productivity comparative test module; Meanwhile, parent's male sterile line of strong advantage hybrid combination and restorer enter crossbreed breeding module and carry out seminal propagation;
Crossbreed breeding module; Male sterile line breeding man breeds, and adopt bagging seed head progeny row round-robin method, every head progeny row bagging 2 fringe manually authorizes maintainer pollen point receipts separately, all the other mixed system results; Male sterile line breeder's stock is bred, male sterile line: it is capable of plantation that maintainer presses 5:1, cuts off maintainer in advance, then gather in the crops male sterile line after having pollinated; Restorer breeding man breeds, and adopt head progeny row round-robin method, every head progeny row selects 1-2 fringe to gather in the crops separately, all the other mixed system results, next year composite variety breeding restorer breeder's stock; Crossbreed breeds, male sterile line breeder's stock: it is capable of plantation that restorer breeder's stock presses 5:1, cuts off restorer in advance, then gather in the crops crossbreed after having pollinated;
Productivity comparative test module; Comprise that family compares, strain compares successively, variety protection and region variety protection.
2. triple crossing method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, carry out hybrid vigour to conventional cross-breeding single cross F1 generation to survey and produce, the candidate parent of the maternal and influential point set male parent of influential point set as heterosis breeding parent seed selection measured by mirror.
3. triple crossing method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, to sow in isolation condition from the outstanding stable male sterile line of hybrid parents seed selection and outstanding stable restorer and plant the many female unit of a multiple father, carry out strong advantage hybrid combination Yield compari@, determine that the combination of upgrading directly enters the varietal yield test in productivity comparative test.
4. triple crossing method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that, hybrid parents seed selection module comprises sterile line breeding and Breeding for restoration lines; In Breeding for restoration lines process, SSR molecular marker Restore gene assisted Selection technology is adopted to select objective trait in generation morning.
5. triple crossing method for breeding wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in sterile line breeding, and stable sterile line bagging self-pollination ripening rate≤0.5%; In Breeding for restoration lines, stablize restorer bagging self-pollination ripening rate >=90%.
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| CN104145806B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2015-11-18 | 新疆农垦科学院 | A kind of producing method for seed of triple crossing wheat, made seed and application thereof |
| CN104782476B (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-09-07 | 新疆农垦科学院 | A kind of triple crossing wheat parent original silkworm egg production method |
| CN105671041B (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-02-01 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Triple crossing wheat seed purity molecular marker and primer pair and application thereof |
| CN105993915A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-12 | 西南大学 | Isolation method for producing new wheat cross combinations for seed production in batches by virtue of rye |
| CN108541580A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-09-18 | 临沂市农业科学院 | A kind of parental apolegamy method of wheat breeding |
| CN109644865A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-19 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | A kind of hybrid wheat selection that achievable restoring gene is cumulative |
| CN111616044A (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2020-09-04 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所 | Three-line hybrid wheat breeding method |
| CN112740967A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-04 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Seed production method for three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing |
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| CN1353924A (en) * | 2001-12-25 | 2002-06-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | Production method of hybrid wheat seeds |
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| CN1806518A (en) * | 2005-01-19 | 2006-07-26 | 冯树英 | Method for cultivating novel wheat male sterile line and maintenance line |
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| CN1353924A (en) * | 2001-12-25 | 2002-06-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | Production method of hybrid wheat seeds |
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