CN102960238A - Method for breeding new variety of sweet-straw rice for both grain and feed - Google Patents
Method for breeding new variety of sweet-straw rice for both grain and feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding a new variety of sweet-straw rice for both grain and feed. The method comprises the steps of: taking sweet sorghum as male parents and rice as female parents and carrying out intergeneric distant hybridization to obtain sweet sorghum/rice hybrid first generation seeds; screening a plant with the stalk sugar content greater than or equal to 3% and the yield per mu greater than or equal to 500kg from plants of the sweet sorghum/rice hybrid first generation seeds as the female parents, taking the sweet sorghum as the male parents and backcrossing to obtain sweet sorghum/rice backcross first generation seeds; by adopting a line breeding method, screening from the sweet sorghum/rice backcross first generation seeds and respectively planting plant lines the next year; and continuing selecting in each generation and planting plant strains and lines till a line with the stalk sugar content greater than or equal to 3% and the yield per mu greater than or equal to 500kg is selected so as to obtain the new variety of the sweet-straw rice for both the grain and the feed. According to the method, the excellent germplasms of high-yield rice and sweet straw of the sweet sorghum are utilized and the distant hybridization is adopted, so that the concentrated and coarse feed problem of plant-eating animals is solved and the environmental pollution problem caused by straw burning is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of New Crop Varieties selection.
Background technology
The present application and applicant Chen Qikang researcher graduated from Agricultural University Of Nanjing, Jiangsu Agricultural College's animal and veterinary specialty in 1975.1975-2012 has created first pasture, beach of China, riverine institute animal and veterinary subject.Be engaged in herding research 30 years to 2005, discovery scale raising cattle and sheep feed is in short supply, affects the development that scale is raised cattle and sheep.Applicant Chen Qikang beginning in 2005, gramineous crop distant hybridization research is carried out in self-raised fund (mainly being the salary of oneself), aims at implementing the coordination of farming and animal husbandry, and seed selection grain is raised the dual-purpose crop.Find in hybridization, planting experiment: 1, mutton sheep is not liked the straw of searching for food; 2, a large amount of rice straw burnings in rural area not only waste energy but also contaminated environment; 3, the sugar grass of rural area plantation is the good feed that mutton sheep searches for food.
Paddy rice is one of main cereal crops, and there is 1/2 population in the whole world approximately take rice as staple food, and China's Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area and gross yield all account for the No. 1 in the world.Variety resources of rice is rich and varied, and seed is full, and output is high, for the Crop Improvement kind provides good germ plasm resource condition.
Should study and utilize the efficient genetic resources such as full seed, good quality and high output of paddy rice.
Simultaneously should study and utilize drought resisting, the stem stalk of sugar grass to contain sugared high high efficiency gene resource.
Sorghum saccharatum also cries " two generation sugarcane ".Because its upper length of side grain, lower length of side sugarcane is so cry again " jowar sugarcane ".Sorghum saccharatum can be eaten raw, refines sugar, wine processed, also can be processed into high-quality feed.Sugar grass is grown in the arid area, has the characteristics such as drought resisting, waterlogging, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, can give birth to about 21 grams in the semiarid zone that the most of poor peoples in the whole world live.Stem stalk elasticity is strong, and is resistant to lodging.130-135 days breeding time.Juice sugar content about 20%.
Sorghum saccharatum, about 3.5 meters of plant heights, fringe grain weigh about 40 grams, and thousand kernel weight is right.Sorghum saccharatum belongs to grain stalk dual-purpose type, 10000 jin/mu of stem stalk output, grain yield 300-600 jin/mu.(there are differences between kind)
In the area that is subjected to Drought and salt stain Influence To Soil, sugar grass " camel in the crop " may become the key of sustainable agriculture development.
Containing abundant sugar in the sweet sorghum stalk, can do sugaring, wine brewing (alcohol), make the raw material of vinegar, papermaking, is again the important source material of bioenergy; The seed edible, feeding, brewage usefulness; Ensiling can be made the forage grass and feed of livestock, so be called " ternary crop " by people.
The problem that the present application and applicant Chen Qikang researcher are researching and solving always is: the excellent germplasm that utilizes rice high yield, the sweet stalk of sugar grass, distant hybridization realizes that germ plasm resource is excavated and innovation, adopt distant hybridization breeding, conventional breeding combination technology, seed selection is put out cereal and is raised the sweet stalk new rice variety of dual-purpose.Because rice straw sugar content increases, plant-eating animal can efficiently utilize stalk, not only solve the smart roughage problem of plant-eating animal, and the solution crop straw burning brings problem of environmental pollution.So the present invention has important creative scientific meaning and wide application prospect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of grain that can select the high sugar grass of stalk sugar content, hybrid rice seed to raise the sweet stalk new rice variety of dual-purpose selection.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of grain is raised the sweet stalk new rice variety of dual-purpose selection, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: successively
(1) take sugar grass (J) as male parent, paddy rice (R) is maternal, carries out inter-genera distant hybridization, gets sugar grass/paddy rice cross breeding generation seed (RJ-F1);
(2) from sugar grass/paddy rice cross breeding generation seed (RJ-F1) plant, the plant of screening stalk sugar content 〉=3%, per mu yield 〉=500kg be female parent, with sugar grass be that male parent backcrosses, obtain sugar grass/paddy rice first backcross generation kind (BRJ-F1);
(3) take line breeding method (being single plant method), the plant of screening stalk sugar content 〉=3%, per mu yield 〉=500kg is planted into respectively plant next year from sugar grass/paddy rice first backcross generation kind (BRJ-F1); In each generation, all continue to select the plant of stalk sugar content 〉=3%, per mu yield 〉=500kg later on, continue to plant into strain and plant, until when being chosen to the good consistent system of stalk sugar content 〉=3%, per mu yield 〉=500kg, just no longer select, obtain grain and raise the sweet stalk new rice variety of dual-purpose.
During step (1) hybridization, paddy rice emasculating method hot water emasculation method: at Parent while full heading time, every morning is before Rice Flowering, fill with warm water with basin, water temperature is transferred to 45 ℃, spike of rice is immersed in the warm water processed 5 minutes, water temperature is controlled at 45 ℃, to reach gametocidal effect; After warm water is processed, open successively grain husk, the flowers are in blossom excision is not opened when complete grain husk flower has been opened the flower pesticide of grain husk and has also been removed, and when removing flower pesticide, cuts off 1/3 of clever shell top, to improve stigma exposing ratio and ripening rate; Paddy rice is castrated and to cut immediately bagging isolation behind the grain husk, and then the clip sugar grass carries out artificial pollination with the colored fringe of male powder, the numbering of listing after the pollination, records combo and the time situation of hybridizing.
Step (2) is take sugar grass/paddy rice cross breeding generation seed (RJ-F1) as maternal, sugar grass is that male parent is when backcrossing, sugar grass/paddy rice cross breeding generation seed (RJ-F1) emasculating method hot water emasculation method: at Parent while full heading time, every morning is before Rice Flowering, fill with warm water with basin, water temperature is transferred to 45 ℃, spike of rice is immersed in the warm water processed 5 minutes, water temperature is controlled at 45 ℃, to reach gametocidal effect; After warm water is processed, open successively grain husk, the flowers are in blossom excision is not opened when complete grain husk flower has been opened the flower pesticide of grain husk and has also been removed, and when removing flower pesticide, cuts off 1/3 of clever shell top, to improve stigma exposing ratio and ripening rate; Paddy rice is castrated and to cut immediately bagging isolation behind the grain husk, and then the clip sugar grass carries out artificial pollination with the colored fringe of male powder, the numbering of listing after the pollination, records combo and the time situation of hybridizing.
The present invention utilizes the excellent germplasm of rice high yield, the sweet stalk of sugar grass, and distant hybridization realizes that germ plasm resource is excavated and innovation, adopts distant hybridization breeding, conventional breeding combination technology, and seed selection is put out cereal and raised the sweet stalk new rice variety of dual-purpose.Because rice straw sugar content increases, plant-eating animal can efficiently utilize stalk, not only solve the smart roughage problem of plant-eating animal, and the solution crop straw burning brings problem of environmental pollution.So the present invention has important creative scientific meaning and wide application prospect.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is that the present invention utilizes Operon A group combination of primers that sorghum saccharatum, paddy rice distant hybridization material (RLJ) and parent thereof are carried out the RAPD Molecular Identification collection of illustrative plates that primer is A7.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention utilizes Operon A group combination of primers that sorghum saccharatum, paddy rice distant hybridization material (RLJ) and parent thereof are carried out the RAPD Molecular Identification collection of illustrative plates that primer is A10.
Embodiment
A kind of grain is raised the sweet stalk new rice variety of dual-purpose selection, comprises the following steps: successively
(1) First Year, take sugar grass (J) as male parent, paddy rice (R) is maternal, carries out inter-genera distant hybridization, gets sugar grass/paddy rice cross breeding generation seed (RJ-F1);
(2) Second Year, from sugar grass/paddy rice cross breeding generation seed (RJ-F1) plant, the plant of screening stalk sugar content 〉=3%, per mu yield 〉=500kg is maternal, sugar grass is that male parent is hybridized, and obtains sugar grass/paddy rice first backcross generation kind (BRJ-F1);
(3) the 3rd years, first backcross generation kind BRJ-F1 is selected fine individual plant (plant of stalk sugar content 〉=3%, per mu yield 〉=500kg), singles singly receive, and obtain kind of a BRJ-F2, next year the kind plant.
(4) the 4th years, to selecting fine individual plant (plant of stalk sugar content 〉=3%, per mu yield 〉=500kg) in kind of the plant of BRJ-F2 kind, obtain kind of a BRJ-F3, next year, kind became strain.
(5) the 5th years, select elite plant strain and individual plant (plant of stalk sugar content 〉=3%, per mu yield 〉=500kg) to continuing in kind of the strain of BRJ-F3 kind, obtain kind of a BRJ-F4, good consistent strain upgrading enters strain next year and identifies.
(6) the 6th years, kind of BRJ-F4 is continued to select; The elite plant strain upgrading is carried out strain and is identified.Select new lines---the 10K288 of stalk sugar content 7.23%, per mu yield paddy 542 ㎏.
During step (1) hybridization, paddy rice emasculating method hot water emasculation method: at Parent while full heading time, every morning is before Rice Flowering, fill with warm water with basin, water temperature is transferred to 45 ℃, spike of rice is immersed in the warm water processed 5 minutes, water temperature is controlled at 45 ℃, to reach gametocidal effect; After warm water is processed, open successively grain husk, the flowers are in blossom excision is not opened when complete grain husk flower has been opened the flower pesticide of grain husk and has also been removed, and when removing flower pesticide, cuts off 1/3 of clever shell top, to improve stigma exposing ratio and ripening rate; Paddy rice is castrated and to cut immediately bagging isolation behind the grain husk, and then the clip sugar grass carries out artificial pollination with the colored fringe of male powder, the numbering of listing after the pollination, records combo and the time situation of hybridizing.
Step (2) is take sugar grass/paddy rice cross breeding generation seed (RJ-F1) as maternal, sugar grass is that male parent is when backcrossing, sugar grass/paddy rice cross breeding generation seed (RJ-F1) emasculating method hot water emasculation method: at Parent while full heading time, every morning is before Rice Flowering, fill with warm water with basin, water temperature is transferred to 45 ℃, spike of rice is immersed in the warm water processed 5 minutes, water temperature is controlled at 45 ℃, to reach gametocidal effect; After warm water is processed, open successively grain husk, the flowers are in blossom excision is not opened when complete grain husk flower has been opened the flower pesticide of grain husk and has also been removed, and when removing flower pesticide, cuts off 1/3 of clever shell top, to improve stigma exposing ratio and ripening rate; Paddy rice is castrated and to cut immediately bagging isolation behind the grain husk, and then the clip sugar grass carries out artificial pollination with the colored fringe of male powder, the numbering of listing after the pollination, records combo and the time situation of hybridizing.
Example evidence 1:
The first ~ five year sugar grass, paddy rice cross breeding are solid, transplanting, growing state
Table 1, the solid situation of First Year paddy rice (R) ♀ * sugar grass (J) ♂ distant hybridization
Annotate: 1, cut clever number hurdle, 2066(34-146) the every fringe scope of data representation in the bracket, other hurdle is identical, and is lower same;
2, paddy rice with " R " expression, sugar grass with " J " expression, lower with.
(paddy rice ♀ * sugar grass (J) ♂ crossbreed insemination and emergence is transplanted situation for table 2, Second Year
Table 3, the solid situation of Second Year paddy rice ♀ * sugar grass (J) ♂ distant hybridization
Table 4, the 3rd year paddy rice ♀ * sugar grass (J) ♂ crossbreed insemination and emergence are transplanted situation
Table 5, the 3rd year solid situation of paddy rice ♀ * sugar grass (J) ♂ distant hybridization
Table 6, the 4th year paddy rice ♀ * sugar grass (J) ♂ crossbreed insemination and emergence are transplanted situation
Table 7, the 4th year solid situation of paddy rice ♀ * sugar grass (J) ♂ distant hybridization
Table 8, the 5th year paddy rice ♀ * sugar grass (J) ♂ crossbreed insemination and emergence are transplanted situation
Example evidence 2: sugar grass, paddy rice distant hybridization material economic characters
Plant sweet sorghum in the 4th year, paddy rice distant hybridization material economic characters
Sugar grass, Rice Progenies plant height, stem tiller number, spike length, thousand kernel weight all are higher than parental rice
Example evidence 3: distant hybridization material stalk saccharinity determining result
The 5th year rice grass/paddy rice/sugar grass cross materials stalk saccharinity determining
Paddy rice ♀ * equal dry weight the 56.78g of sugar grass ♂ individual plant stalk is higher than paddy rice (35g) 21.78g, improves 62.23%.Stalk soluble sugar content 5.82%(4.16-6.49%), be higher than paddy rice (3.09%) 2.73%.
(paddy rice ♀ * sugar grass ♂) ♀ * equal dry weight 59.76g of sugar grass ♂ individual plant stalk is higher than paddy rice (35g) 24.76g, improves 70.74%.Stalk soluble sugar content 9.15%(7.22-13.54%), being higher than rice straw (3.09%) 6.06%, is 3 times of rice straw.Experiment shows: (paddy rice ♀ * sugar grass ♂) ♀ * sugar grass ♂ distant hybridization is successfully.Can obviously improve individual plant stalk weight, improve 70.74% than paddy rice, can obviously improve the stalk soluble sugar content, be 3 times of rice straw.(improving 2 times than paddy rice).
Planted sweet stalk rice straw sugar assay on the 5th year
Planted sweet stalk rice saccharinity determining on the 5th year
| Sequence number | Numbering | The strain number | Shine dry weight (g) | Contrast is maternal | The stalk sugar content |
| 33 | 11K4-1 | 1 | 54.5 | 7K339 | 2．80 |
| 34 | 11K61-3 | 1 | 80 | The fragrant A of drought | 5．61 |
| 35 | 11K23 | 1 | 56.5 | 10C3 | 6．47 |
| 36 | 11K95-1 | 1 | 76 | 7K339 | 6．26 |
| 37 | 11K31-1 | 1 | 53 | 7C4 | 6．49 |
| 38 | 11K93-1 | 1 | 64 | 7K339 | 6．49 |
| 39 | 10K257 | 2 | 107 | No. 4, peaceful round-grained rice | 3．34 |
| 40 | 11K161-8 | 1 | 65 | 7K339 | 0．82 |
| 41 | 11K93-2 | 1 | 68 | Upper real Jin Feng | 5．85 |
| 42 | 11K161-2 | 1 | 67 | 7K339 | 2．54 |
| 43 | 11K301 | 1 | 102 | 7C3 | 6．71 |
| 44 | 11K263-6 | 1 | 97 | 7C14 | 2．14 |
| 45 | 11K79-4 | 1 | 49 | 7K339 | 6．08 |
| 46 | 11K214-2 | 1 | 163 | 7K339 | 7．79 |
| 47 | 11K198-14 | 1 | 72 | 7K339 | 4．01 |
| 48 | 11K162-5 | 1 | 53 | 7K339 | 0．30 |
| 49 | 11K50-1 | 1 | 112 | 7K339 | 4．15 |
| 50 | 11K164-1 | 1 | 73 | 7K339 | 0．44 |
| 51 | 11K56 | 1 | 48 | 7K339 | 0．41 |
| 52 | 11K161-3 | 1 | 77 | 7K339 | 1．49 |
| 53 | South round-grained rice 43 | 2 | 70 | Contrast | 3．28 |
| 54 | The fragrant A of drought | 3 | 101 | Contrast | 5．48 |
| 55 | 7C12 | 2 | 79 | Contrast | 3．23 |
| 56 | 7C14 | 2 | 63 | Contrast | 2．80 |
| 57 | 7C4 | 2 | 93 | Contrast | 3．61 |
| 58 | 10C3 | 2 | 62 | Contrast | 3．44 |
| 59 | 7K339-2 | 2 | 45 | Contrast | 2．33 |
| 60 | 7K339 | 2 | 78 | Contrast | 2．94 |
| 61 | 11K95-5 | 1 | 93 | 7K339 | 4．66 |
[0069]?
| 62 | 11K198-16 | 1 | 37 | 7K339 | 0．02 |
| 63 | The spartina alterniflora loisel | 1 | 124 | Contrast | 0．14 |
| 64 | Value of Spartina Anglica | 1 | 162 | Contrast | 0．37 |
Example evidence 5: sorghum saccharatum, paddy rice distant hybridization material RAPD Molecular Identification
University Of Yantai's Life Science College development of plants and biology laboratory measurement result
Utilize Operon A group combination of primers that sorghum saccharatum, paddy rice distant hybridization material (RLJ) and parent thereof are carried out RAPD Molecular Identification collection of illustrative plates, see Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
Analyze through RAPD, 10K261 has and 1 of the common band of sugar grass (LJ) parent, and lacks in the parent paddy rice simultaneously; 10K256; 10K287 has the common band with sugar grass (LJ) parent, and the situation that lacks in the parent paddy rice simultaneously shows 10K256; The 10K287 distant hybrids has sugar grass (LJ) parent's genetic constitution.All the other crossbreed (10K266; 10K288; 10K412; 8K422; 8K315; 8K350) also there is in various degree variation with sugar grass (LJ) parent and parental rice.
Claims (3)
1. a grain is raised the sweet stalk new rice variety of dual-purpose selection, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: successively
(1) take sugar grass as male parent, paddy rice is maternal, carries out inter-genera distant hybridization, gets sugar grass/paddy rice cross breeding generation seed;
(2) from sugar grass/paddy rice cross breeding generation seed plant, the plant of screening stalk sugar content 〉=3%, per mu yield 〉=500kg be female parent, with sugar grass be that male parent backcrosses, obtain sugar grass/paddy rice first backcross generation kind;
(3) take the line breeding method, the plant of screening stalk sugar content 〉=3%, per mu yield 〉=500kg is planted into respectively plant next year from sugar grass/paddy rice first backcross generation kind; In each generation, all continue to select the plant of stalk sugar content 〉=3%, per mu yield 〉=500kg later on, continue to plant into strain and plant, until when being chosen to the good consistent system of stalk sugar content 〉=3%, per mu yield 〉=500kg, just no longer select, obtain grain and raise the sweet stalk new rice variety of dual-purpose.
2. grain according to claim 1 is raised the sweet stalk new rice variety of dual-purpose selection, it is characterized in that: during step (1) hybridization, paddy rice emasculating method hot water emasculation method: at Parent while full heading time, every morning is before Rice Flowering, fill with warm water with basin, water temperature is transferred to 45 ℃, spike of rice is immersed in the warm water processed 5 minutes, water temperature is controlled at 45 ℃, to reach gametocidal effect; After warm water is processed, open successively grain husk, the flowers are in blossom excision is not opened when complete grain husk flower has been opened the flower pesticide of grain husk and has also been removed, and when removing flower pesticide, cuts off 1/3 of clever shell top, to improve stigma exposing ratio and ripening rate; Paddy rice is castrated and to cut immediately bagging isolation behind the grain husk, and then the clip sugar grass carries out artificial pollination with the colored fringe of male powder, the numbering of listing after the pollination, records combo and the time situation of hybridizing.
3. grain according to claim 1 and 2 is raised the sweet stalk new rice variety of dual-purpose selection, it is characterized in that: step (2) is take sugar grass/paddy rice cross breeding generation seed (RJ-F1) as maternal, sugar grass is that male parent is when backcrossing, sugar grass/paddy rice cross breeding generation seed (RJ-F1) emasculating method hot water emasculation method: at Parent while full heading time, every morning is before Rice Flowering, fill with warm water with basin, water temperature is transferred to 45 ℃, processing 5 minutes in the spike of rice immersion warm water, water temperature is controlled at 45 ℃, to reach gametocidal effect; After warm water is processed, open successively grain husk, the flowers are in blossom excision is not opened when complete grain husk flower has been opened the flower pesticide of grain husk and has also been removed, and when removing flower pesticide, cuts off 1/3 of clever shell top, to improve stigma exposing ratio and ripening rate; Paddy rice is castrated and to cut immediately bagging isolation behind the grain husk, and then the clip sugar grass carries out artificial pollination with the colored fringe of male powder, the numbering of listing after the pollination, records combo and the time situation of hybridizing.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106035064A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-10-26 | 杨宗新 | Production method of high-quality and high-yield original ecological rice |
| CN115281071A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-11-04 | 饶水佳 | Perennial high-yield grass-raising high straw cultivation method |
| CN115669530A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-02-03 | 藜麦稻高粱(山东)种业科技有限公司 | Breeding method for rice and sorghum |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP0017130A1 (en) * | 1979-04-02 | 1980-10-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Receiver for high-frequency, electromagnetic waves with frequency adjustment |
| CN1907012A (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2007-02-07 | 廖富东 | Breed method for rice reproduction heterosis fixation |
| CN101647388A (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2010-02-17 | 陈启康 | Method for breeding tidal marsh spartina, sweet sorghum, rice hybrid feed and energy resource crop |
-
2012
- 2012-12-03 CN CN2012105089101A patent/CN102960238A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0017130A1 (en) * | 1979-04-02 | 1980-10-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Receiver for high-frequency, electromagnetic waves with frequency adjustment |
| CN1907012A (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2007-02-07 | 廖富东 | Breed method for rice reproduction heterosis fixation |
| CN101647388A (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2010-02-17 | 陈启康 | Method for breeding tidal marsh spartina, sweet sorghum, rice hybrid feed and energy resource crop |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106035064A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-10-26 | 杨宗新 | Production method of high-quality and high-yield original ecological rice |
| CN115281071A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-11-04 | 饶水佳 | Perennial high-yield grass-raising high straw cultivation method |
| CN115669530A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-02-03 | 藜麦稻高粱(山东)种业科技有限公司 | Breeding method for rice and sorghum |
| CN115669530B (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-09-22 | 藜麦稻高粱(山东)种业科技有限公司 | Rice sorghum breeding method |
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Application publication date: 20130313 |