CN1907012A

CN1907012A - Breed method for rice reproduction heterosis fixation

Info

Publication number: CN1907012A
Application number: CNA2006101124350A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 廖富东
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-08-17
Filing date: 2006-08-17
Publication date: 2007-02-07
Anticipated expiration: 2026-08-17
Also published as: CN100397977C; WO2008025185A2

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method of fixed hybrid predominance of rice generation, which comprises the following steps: adopting fixed super 18 as mother and wild rice as father to hybridize; planting the hybrid generation; emasculating artificially; pollinating through wild rice artificially to backcross; selecting single-plant as seed to grow next year; gathering equivalent pollen of wild rice and Chinese sorghum to cross; selecting single-plant as seed to grow next year; gathering equivalent pollen of wild rice, Chinese sorghum and corn to cross; selecting single-plant as seed to grow next year; obtaining stable super-productive rice product.

Description

A kind of breeding method of paddy rice tree reproduction hybrid vigor fixing

Technical field

The invention belongs to the rice heterosis utilization field, specifically the present invention is a kind of paddy rice tree reproduction hybrid vigor fixing breeding method.

Background technology

Paddy rice is one of cereal of China's cultivated area maximum, also is one of topmost grain.Along with the increase of China's size of population, the minimizing of arable area, the plantation of common rice can not be satisfied the needs of China's grain-production far away, becomes the only way that increases grain yield so increase the yield per unit area.Cultivating the bigger new varieties of yield potential then is an economic and effective technological approach of increasing the yield per unit area.

Since the establishment of the nation, China's rice breeding has experienced twice important breakthrough.The one, the breakthrough of breeding of short stem at the end of the fifties to the beginning of the sixties makes rice yield improve 20～30%.The 2nd, the seventies, the seed selection of hybrid rice was successful, made rice yield improve 20% again.Hybrid rice has broken through certainly flower and has awarded the difficulty of disguising as the thing heterosis utilization, has promoted hybrid vigour and has studied widely and utilize.The advantage of hybrid rice shows that mainly well developed root system, plant strain growth are vigorous, big panicle many grains per panicle, and have adaptability more widely, these all are the reason place of hybrid rice high yield undoubtedly.No matter entered since the eighties, be the conventional rice or the output of hybrid rice, the situation of pacing up and down all occurred.Japan proposed the super high-yielding rice breeding first in 1981, the International Rice Research Institute formally carried out the super high-yielding rice breeding research in 1989, China has started " Chinese super hybridization rice breeding " plan in 1996, adopting ideotype to mould Xian combines with the utilization of round-grained rice inter-subspecific heterosis, take into account the technology path that improves quality and resistance, cooperation tackling key problem through national vast researcher, realized the first phase target that average 667 square metres of output reach 700 kilograms in 2000, and carried and realized the second phase target that average 667 square metres of output reach 800 kilograms the previous year in 2004 in the Hunan.And proposed China's super hybridization rice and will realize that 667 square metres of output of 2010 annuals reach 900 kilograms third phase target.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of approach, the breeding method of seed selection super high-yielding paddy rice tree reproduction hybrid vigor fixing by utilizing favourable proterties relevant and heterosis utilization to combine with yielding ability.

A kind of paddy rice tree of the present invention reproduction hybrid vigor fixing breeding method, comprise the steps: to do maternal with solid excellent No. 18, hybridize as male parent with wild mountain flower rice, the plantation filial generation, artificial emasculation, pollen artificial pollination with wild mountain flower rice is backcrossed, select the individual plant of one 2 fringe, mix and have kind in one's care, after the next year plantation, artificial emasculation, gathering the wild mountain flower rice of equivalent and the pollen artificial pollination of two kinds of sorghum variety broom Chinese sorghum hybridizes, select plant tall and big, a 3-4 fringe, the individual plant that fringe is big mixes and has kind in one's care, after the next year plantation, artificial emasculation, gather the wild mountain flower rice of equivalent, after the pollen artificial pollination of 108 3 kinds of sorghum variety broom Chinese sorghum and corn variety agricultural university is hybridized, backcross, select plant tall and big, one 5 fringe, the individual plant that fringe is big, mix and have kind in one's care, the plantation backcross progeny, and add the individual plant that the generation selection meets objective trait, obtain the stable super high-yielding rice varieties of economical character.

The wherein said number of times of backcrossing is 1 time or 2 times.

Wherein said hybridization and the time of backcrossing are 9:00-10:30 in the morning.

Wherein said hybridization and the temperature of backcrossing are 31-36 ℃ when doing the early rice plantation.

Wherein said hybridization and the temperature of backcrossing are 27-33 ℃ when doing the late rice plantation.

Hybridize at every turn and when backcrossing, all will overlap paper bag, prevent solar radiation, open paper bag evening and ventilate, standby plantation of future generation is dried in harvesting keeping in 30 days.

Ideotype is the best assembly of paddy rice various favourable proterties relevant with yielding ability under specific ecological condition.Heterosis utilization then is the combination that obtains the best by the complementation of the favourable proterties of parents.Therefore, ideotype combines with use of advantage, can bring out the best in each other.In fact, Chinese super hybridization rice is studied China's Ideal Rice Plant Type breeding just and the further deep result who develops of heterosis utilization.Therefore, carrying out heterosis utilization research on the basis of ideotype breeding achievement, is one of effective way of super hybridization rice breeding.The present invention is exactly by the approach that utilizes favourable proterties relevant with yielding ability and heterosis utilization to combine, and selects No. one, the rice varieties Association of South-east Asian Nations (code name 0636) of yield per unit area superelevation.This kind growth is fast, and tillering ability is strong, can tiller in tiller (tillering in the air), and promptly fringe more than can be called the paddy rice tree.Every joint tiller spacing is 10-12 centimetre, the long 1.5-1.8 rice of branch's tiller, and mother culm height 1.8-2.0 rice, several 18 of every strain The mean tillering, every tiller 5 fringes, the effective fringe of strain reaches 90 fringes.33 centimetres of average spike lengths, the general 332-340 grain of every fringe, an in fact present total fringe of stalk is 1700, and about thousand kernel weight 28 grams, per 667 square metres of output are generally more than 1100 kilograms, and the high-yield field piece can reach 1300 kilograms.The seed selection success of this hybrid rice makes rice yield improve 37.5% again.This kind can be grown under different places and weather, can be in the nonirrigated farmland, and also can be at paddy planting; Can do early rice, semilate rice or the plantation of 1 year three season of late rice, its output height, and how anti-.

Gu excellent No. 18 is apomixis late hybrid rice new varieties of being cultivated in calendar year 2001 by Chen Jiansan researcher of crops research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Hubei Province Wuxue City improved crop variety research institute, on the 12nd page of " seed is logical " total the 20th phase of publishing in 2006 its feature and cultivation main points are disclosed.Characteristics such as that this kind has is of fine quality, precocious, high yield, disease and insect resistance can be reserved seed rice for one's own use year after year.This kind has the high tillering ability and the high percentage of earbearing tiller.The general two late land for growing field crops individual plant transplanting of doing, the effective fringe of strain reaches the 15-20 fringe, can reach 30 fringes at most.The general 250-350 grain of every fringe, ripening rate is more than 90%.About thousand kernel weight 27 grams, per 667 square metres of output are generally more than 500 kilograms, and the high-yield field piece can reach 700 kilograms.The elongated Huang of its grain is bright, and grain of rice full impregnated is bright, no white belly core white, excellent in appearance.Rice is soft not sticking, good palatability.This kind is done plantation in two evenings, the 115-118 days time of infertility in the Yangtze river basin.Can do season late rice plantation in the Yellow River and Huai He River basin.Through introducing a fine variety for many years, the high against-plant hopper of this kind, snout moth's larva, be difficult for susceptible seedling stage, and the middle and later periods is gently felt rice blast and banded sclerotial blight.

Wild mountain flower rice is that the breeding people found on Shan Mei Qu Shan limit, Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province highway side in January, 1998.Its feature is similar to the wild flax awns, all can grow throughout the year, and plant height reaches 3 meters, and blade reaches 2 meters, 4 centimetres of blade diameters, and 3 centimetres of stem stalk diameters, stiff in straw, the four seasons grow the tiny grain ear of silk, the white grain of black shell, disease and insect resistance, resistant to lodging.

The broom Chinese sorghum is the sorghum variety that Chinese sorghum research institute of Shanxi Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences breeds.This kind is extensively promoted, and " seed is logical " total the 20th phase of having published in 2006 the 11st page of last disclosing.This kind is many because of branch, and branch stalk toughness is good, is the desirable raw material of making broom.Its fringe is big, grain yield is high, general about 400 kilograms of per 667 square metres of output, and the Chinese sorghum flour after the seed processing is red, and glutinous property is fabulous, and distillation yield is higher than paddy.This kind can be reserved kind of a plantation for one's own use.

Agricultural university 108 is bred in 1991 by China Agricultural University, and 1997 by Beijing, the authorization of Hebei province's variety certification committee.The selection of agricultural university 108 has been applied for the patent of invention of denomination of invention for " a kind of selection of corn hybrid seed " on April 2nd, 1997, and in Granted publication on August 29 calendar year 2001, notification number CN1070020C.This kind is sowed in spring about 120 days breeding times in the Beijing area.260 centimetres of plant heights, the fringe position is high 110 centimetres, 20 centimetres of spike lengths, thick 4.9 centimetres of fringe, 16-18 is capable for fringe grain line number, several 40 of row grain, thousand kernel weight 300 grams, grain type half horse tooth, quality semihard.Ye Kuanzhi, look dense, and the fringe position is open and flat with lower blade, and the fringe position is with the blade upper punch.Well developed root system, the stem stalk is tough and tensile, has stronger resistant to lodging, drought-enduring, waterlogging, impoverishment tolerant ability.Multiple diseases such as large and small leaf spot, smut, brown spot, bacterial wilt are all had stronger resistance, the seedling maturation of living, it is good to protect green property.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:

The growth of super high-yielding rice varieties that breeding method of the present invention selected is fast, and tillering ability is strong, can in tiller, tiller (tillering in the air), i.e. and fringe more than, the output height, and how anti-, can be called the paddy rice tree.The seed selection success of this hybrid rice makes China's rice yield improve 37.5% again.This kind can be grown under different places and weather, can also can grow at paddy planting in the nonirrigated farmland.

Description of drawings

The family tree of Fig. 1 paddy rice tree reproduction hybrid vigor fixing breeding process

Embodiment

Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.

Embodiment 1

1998 maternal with solid excellent No. 18 (code name 98-9718) work, hybridizes as male parent with the wild mountain flower rice of sowing after wrong 6 months phases (code name 98-01), and the time of hybridization is 9:00 in the morning, and the temperature of hybridization is 36 ℃, obtains 30 hybrid seeds.Plantation 30 strains in 1999 behind the artificial emasculation, are backcrossed with the pollen artificial pollination of wild mountain flower rice (code name 98-01), and the time of backcrossing is 10:30 in the morning, and the temperature of hybridization is 31 ℃, selects the individual plant of one 2 fringe, mixes and has kind in one's care.Plantation 3000 strains in 2000, behind the artificial emasculation, gathering the wild mountain flower rice (code name 98-01) of equivalent and the pollen artificial pollination of sorghum variety broom Chinese sorghum hybridizes, the time of hybridization is 10:00 in the morning, the temperature of hybridization is 30 ℃, select that plant is tall and big, 3-4 fringe, individual plant that fringe is big, mix and have kind in one's care.20 strain systems of calendar year 2001 plantation, each strain system kind of 300 strain, behind the artificial emasculation, the pollen artificial pollination of gathering wild mountain flower rice (code name 98-01), sorghum variety broom Chinese sorghum and the corn variety agricultural university 108 of equivalent is hybridized, the time of hybridization is 10:30 in the morning, the temperature of hybridization is 33 ℃, selects that plant is tall and big, 3-4 fringe, individual plant that fringe is big, mixes and has kind in one's care.2002, plantation son that reserve seed for planting last year in 2003, continue with wild mountain flower rice (code name 98-01), sorghum variety broom Chinese sorghum and corn variety agricultural university 108 as the male parent secondary of backcrossing, the time that secondary is backcrossed all is 9:00 in the morning, the temperature of hybridization is 27 ℃, select that plant is tall and big, 5 fringe, individual plant that fringe is big, mix and have kind in one's care.Assorted 60 strains of in July, 2003 plantation system, 2004-2006 adds 4 generations of generation, investigates 60 strains every year respectively, to observe the stability of other economical character, finally selects No. one, good super high-yielding rice varieties Association of South-east Asian Nations of comprehensive agronomy proterties (code name 0636).

Claims

1, a kind of paddy rice tree reproduction hybrid vigor fixing breeding method, it is characterized in that: do maternal with solid excellent No. 18, hybridize as male parent with wild mountain flower rice, the plantation filial generation, artificial emasculation, pollen artificial pollination with wild mountain flower rice is backcrossed, select the individual plant of one 2 fringe, mix and have kind in one's care, after the next year plantation, artificial emasculation, gathering the wild mountain flower rice of equivalent and the pollen artificial pollination of two kinds of sorghum variety broom Chinese sorghum hybridizes, select plant tall and big, a 3-4 fringe, the individual plant that fringe is big mixes and has kind in one's care, after the next year plantation, artificial emasculation, gather the wild mountain flower rice of equivalent, after the pollen artificial pollination of 108 3 kinds of sorghum variety broom Chinese sorghum and corn variety agricultural university is hybridized, backcross, select plant tall and big, one 5 fringe, the individual plant that fringe is big, mix and have kind in one's care, the plantation backcross progeny, and add the individual plant that the generation selection meets objective trait, obtain the stable super high-yielding rice varieties of economical character.

2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the described number of times of backcrossing is 1 time or 2 times.

3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described hybridization and the time of backcrossing are 9:00-10:30 in the morning.

4, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described hybridization and the temperature of backcrossing are 31-36 ℃ when doing the early rice plantation.

5, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described hybridization and the temperature of backcrossing are 27-33 ℃ when doing the late rice plantation.