CN1813523A - Wheat interspecific distant hybrid, secondary backcross and selfing breeding method - Google Patents
Wheat interspecific distant hybrid, secondary backcross and selfing breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1813523A CN1813523A CN 200610012425 CN200610012425A CN1813523A CN 1813523 A CN1813523 A CN 1813523A CN 200610012425 CN200610012425 CN 200610012425 CN 200610012425 A CN200610012425 A CN 200610012425A CN 1813523 A CN1813523 A CN 1813523A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a wheat breeding method, including interspecific distant hybridization, secondary back cross and self-cross. Said method includes the following several procedures: a), parents selection; b), distant hybridization; c), hybridization combination and fertility identification; d), backcross; and e) self-cross. Besides, said invention provides the concrete steps and requirements of the above-mentioned every procedure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to that a grow wheat interspecific hybridization, secondary are backcrossed, the breeding method of selfing, create the high thousand kernel weight germplasm of wheat, belong to the Crop Genetic Breeding research field.
Background technology
Wheat intraspecific hybridization (or claiming intervarietal cross) acquiring a great achievement aspect the excavation yield potentiality, has greatly promoted the progress of agricultural production.But because the utilization of wheat cultivation kind genetic resources day has hastened towards saturation in recent years, and many improving the breed have same or analogous parental source, and the narrow of genetic background causes present wheat yield level to be in the state of pacing up and down always.Further improve the wheat yield potentiality, must seek new way and formulate and utilize new material, new germ plasm, utilize chromosome engineering, gene engineering to import the external source beneficial gene, become the research field that becomes increasingly active with abundant variation.
Wheat yield is made of mu spike number, grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight three factors, and thousand kernel weight is the most potential yield factors.The method of the present raising thousand grain weight of wheat of using always mainly contains intervarietal cross and carries out conventional breeding and heterosis, hybrid vigor utilization (comprising chemical emasculation, male sterile) etc.According to Cai Xu (1988), the intervarietal cross crossbreed thousand kernel weight advantage of exceeding standard is 14.4%, but intervarietal cross thousand kernel weight advantage, be accompanied by offspring's selfing purifying and proterties and separate, advantage reduces, and grain heavily descends, go up the kind that large tracts of land is promoted so produce, about the general 40g of thousand kernel weight.And chemical emasculation, male sterile etc. utilize hybrid vigour to improve thousand kernel weight, and hybrid vigour only shows F
1The present age, can not utilize year after year, as being applied to, this advantage produces, need the production of hybrid seeds every year, cause production cost too high.This shows that methods such as above-mentioned intervarietal cross, chemical emasculation, male sterile mainly are to utilize F
1Hybrid vigour improves thousand grain weight of wheat.97119858 patents " crop nutrient for increasing ears and grains " disclose a kind of Chinese herbal medicine nutrient solution plant growth regulator, and also have (Yu Songlie etc., 1988) on wheat spraying liquid fertilizer as the method for " potassium dihydrogen phosphate ", can improve thousand kernel weight 1-2g, but these two kinds of methods are just from physiology adjusted wheat growth, its effect only shows then, and will increase production costs such as medicament purchase, field spray operation.
Also useful in addition common wheat and durum wheat carry out the report (Zhong Guanchang etc., 2002) of distant hybridization, but the parent that they are selected is hybridized back F
1Self-fertility, ripening rate 42-48%, and when seed selection, utilize common wheat and durum wheat only once to hybridize common wheat * durum wheat, that is to say it is to utilize " F
1The distant hybrid advantage " directly carry out breed breeding, so the thousand kernel weight of the wheat germplasm of seed selection fails to break through 45g.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to avoid above-mentioned defective, a grow wheat interspecific hybridization, secondary are backcrossed, the breeding method of selfing and provide, and promptly utilize " non-F
1The distant hybrid advantage " create the method for the high thousand kernel weight germplasm of wheat.By selecting big hexaploid common wheat (chromosome set AABBDD) and the tetraploid durum wheat (chromosome set AABB) of genetic background difference to carry out interspecific hybridization for the parent, import exogenous genetic material and create variation, obtain sterility cross-bred kind; Utilize common wheat to carry out the hybridization second time as the male parent of backcrossing, promptly (common wheat * durum wheat) * common wheat recovers the filial generation fertility; Carry out directive breeding by inbreeding of more generation, make this proterties at offspring's genetic stability.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that this grow wheat interspecific hybridization, secondary are backcrossed, the breeding method of selfing, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, parent select: selecting big hexaploid common wheat and the tetraploid durum wheat of genetic background difference is the parent;
B, distant hybridization: with the hexaploid common wheat of selecting in a step is female parent, is male parent preparing hybrid combination F with the tetraploid durum wheat
1
C, hybrid combination fertility identify: with the adjacent plantation of order by male parent, female parent, crossbreed of the seed of the hybrid combination that obtains among the step b, eliminate and can educate hybrid combination, keep sterile F
1Combination;
D, backcross: to Preliminary Identification among the step c is sterile F
1Tassel is put in order fringe, cuts grain husk 1/3 back bagging, maternal get pollen after blooming and pollinates as backcrossing male parent with former, and the acquisition seed of backcrossing only keeps self-fruitful rate and be the seed of backcrossing of 0 combination;
E, selfing: the seed of backcrossing that the plantation steps d keeps carries out selfing, eliminate sterile strain and partly educate strain, select the individual plant of fertility full recovery, selected thousand kernel weight and the high individual plant of grain plumpness, in 4-6 generation, selected in selfing so continuously, finally obtains the new wheat germplasm of high thousand kernel weight.
Described wheat interspecific hybridization, secondary are backcrossed, the breeding method of selfing, after the described parent's selection criteria of step a is biparent cross, and interspecific hybrid F
1Colony's sterile plant rate, individual plant sterile degree all show 100%, and the bagging selfing is shaky.
Described wheat interspecific hybridization, secondary are backcrossed, the breeding method of selfing, before and after the described distant hybridization of step b maternal fringe being carried out bagging isolates, carry out artificial emasculation on the 2nd day in female parent heading back, castrate the back bagging and isolate, prevent other external non-paternal pollen pollinations; The female parent back 8-9 point in the 2nd day morning of blooming, afternoon, 15-16 point was pollinated, continuous triplicate/sky, after the pollination still bagging isolate, in pollination back 15 days, pluck hybridization fringe sack, assurance is hybridized seed and is well grown.
Described wheat interspecific hybridization, secondary are backcrossed, the breeding method of selfing, the described hybrid combination fertility of step c identifies it is the order adjacent plantation of the seed of the hybrid combination that will obtain among the step b by male parent, female parent, crossbreed, spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 20cm, the heading back isolates the timely bagging of the crossbreed individual plant of each combination, but every strain keeps not bagging of 2 tassels, tentatively judge this combination offspring's fertility according to the biology morphological feature characteristic of bagging tassel not, eliminate and to educate hybrid combination, keep sterile F
1Combination.
Described wheat interspecific hybridization, secondary are backcrossed, the breeding method of selfing, described the backcrossing of steps d is that 2-3 tassel bagging of every strain reservation do not pollinated for results back inspection self-fruitful rate, isolate in the timely bagging of the tassel of pollination, prevent the pollination of other external sources non-recurrent parent pollen, the acquisition seed of backcrossing only keeps self-fruitful rate and is the seed of backcrossing of 0 combination.
Described wheat interspecific hybridization, secondary are backcrossed, the breeding method of selfing, and it is that common wheat kind " stone 4185 " and the durum wheat kind " interior township 4184 " of selecting genetic background to differ greatly is the parent that step a parent selects.
Described wheat interspecific hybridization, secondary are backcrossed, the breeding method of selfing, step b hybridization is to be female parent with common wheat kind " stone 4185 ", durum wheat kind " interior township 4184 " is a male parent, the preparing hybrid combination, carried out 230 Xiao Hua of artificial emasculation on the 2nd day in female parent heading back, castrate the back bagging and isolate; The female parent back 8-9 point in the 2nd day morning of blooming, afternoon, 15-16 point was pollinated, continuous triplicate/sky, after the pollination still bagging isolate, in pollination back 15 days, pluck hybridization fringe sack, guarantee to hybridize seed and well grow, acquisition interspecific cross F
0Seed.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: utilize " non-F
1The distant hybrid advantage " create the high thousand kernel weight germplasm of wheat, genetic stability is strong, does not need the production of hybrid seeds every year, and production cost is lower.Utilize this method to obtain the thousand grain weight of wheat germplasm and all be higher than 45g.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention
Embodiment
A, parent select: common wheat (T.aestivum) kind " stone 4185 " (chromosome set AABBDD) and durum wheat (T.durum) kind " interior township 4184 " (chromosome set AABB) of selecting genetic background to differ greatly are the parent;
B, hybridization: with common wheat (T.aestivum) kind " stone 4185 " is female parent, and durum wheat (T.durum) kind " interior township 4184 " is a male parent, the preparing hybrid combination.Carried out 230 Xiao Hua of artificial emasculation on the 2nd day in female parent heading back, castrate the back bagging and isolate; The female parent back 8-9 point in the 2nd day morning of blooming, afternoon, 15-16 point was pollinated, continuous triplicate (my god).Still bagging isolation after the pollination.In pollination back 15 days, pluck hybridization fringe sack, guarantee that the hybridization seed well grows, obtain interspecific cross F
056 in seed;
C, fertility identify: the seed of the hybrid combination that obtains among the step b is carried out the thin planting program request, and spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 20cm, and by the adjacent plantation of order of male parent, female parent, crossbreed.The F that distant hybridization obtains
0The most of seed lack of filling power of seed, the embryo agalasisa is arranged, do not have germinating capacity, 56 seeds have only 11 grain germinations, grow up to seedling.F
1Plant strain growth is in great numbers, plant is tall and big, shows typical species hybrid advantage.Plant height, strain spike number, spike length, spikelet number and awn length super maternal (exceeding standard) advantage is respectively 15.9%, 28.8%, 12.73%, 2.96% and 18.64%.Fertility shows sterile strain characteristic feature, isolates selfing through bagging, does not have any seed of acquisition, F
1Sterile plant rate and sterile degree are 100%;
D, backcross: the carefully and neatly done fringe of people is carried out in sterile strain, cut 96 Xiao Hua of grain husk, backcross with " stone 4185 ", get pollen after blooming and pollinate, pollination back in time bagging isolates, the acquisition (BC that backcrosses
1) 82 in seed, the ripening rate of backcrossing is 85.42%;
E, BC
1F
1Seed selection: the seed progeny that backcrosses in the plantation steps d still shows tangible hybrid vigour, and proterties is seriously separated, and variation type is abundant.The affine ultralow close phenomenon of 40-120cm superelevation appears in plant height, and fringe portion proterties spike length, spikelet number, awn length are all greater than high parent's value.82 strain BC wherein
1F
1In, isolate 6 strains and only partly educate strain, 6 strain monoploid in that basal spikelet is self-fruitful.According to economical character and field general performance, the field is selected in 60 strains, carries out individual plant results, threshing;
F, BC
1F
2Seed selection:, be that unit carries out the thin planting program request with the individual plant with 60 selected among step e individual plants.Each strain system plantation 4 row, line-spacing 20cm, long 4 meters of row, spacing in the rows 10cm, every row 40 strains, 9600 strains are planted in each strain system plantation 160 strain altogether.According to economical character and fertility performance, the field is selected in 7892 strains.The seed lack of filling power is eliminated in conjunction with indoor species test in the results back, the not full individual plant that is in the milk, and selected 6465 strains continue seed selection for succeeding year;
J, BC
1F
3Seed selection: with individual plant selected among the step f is that strain system is planted into by unit with the individual plant.In conjunction with the economical character general performance, be that breeding goal carries out directive breeding with thousand kernel weight.About 1034400 strains are planted in each strain system plantation 160 strain altogether.The field is selected in 2356 strains, through indoor species test, and these selected from generation to generation 308 strains;
H, BC
1F
4Seed selection:, be that strain system is planted into by unit with the individual plant with individual plant selected among the step j.Field selected 154 strains system is that unit mixes results with strain, and through indoor species test, the strain that the thousand kernel weight of selecting and remain is higher than 45g is 77 parts, and the thousand kernel weight distribution is 45.1-62.0g.Wherein, thousand kernel weight 45.1-50962 part, thousand kernel weight 50.1-55g13 part, thousand kernel weight 55.1-6292 part.Above-mentioned new germ plasm thousand kernel weight super maternal (contrast) 4.9-21.8g, the amplitude of exceeding standard is 12.19-54.23%.
Listed examples of the present invention is intended to further to illustrate that interspecific hybridization, secondary are backcrossed, the breeding method of selfing, and scope of the present invention is not constituted any restriction, all can realize purpose of the present invention with the embodiment of the invention with via the described method of claims 1-7 of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1, a grow wheat interspecific hybridization, secondary backcross, the breeding method of selfing, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, parent select: selecting big hexaploid common wheat and the tetraploid durum wheat of genetic background difference is the parent;
B, distant hybridization: with the hexaploid common wheat of selecting in a step is female parent, is male parent preparing hybrid combination F with the tetraploid durum wheat
1
C, hybrid combination fertility are identified: smooth out with the fingers the order adjacent plantation of the seed of the hybrid combination that obtains among the step b by male parent, female parent, crossbreed, eliminate and can educate hybrid combination, keep sterile F
1Combination;
D, backcross: to Preliminary Identification among the step c is sterile F
1Tassel is put in order fringe, cuts grain husk 1/3 back bagging, maternal get pollen after blooming and pollinates as backcrossing male parent with former, and the acquisition seed of backcrossing only keeps self-fruitful rate and be the seed of backcrossing of 0 combination;
E, selfing: the seed of backcrossing that the plantation steps d keeps carries out selfing, eliminate sterile strain and partly educate strain, select the multiple individual plant of the whole Yan of fertility, selected thousand kernel weight and the high individual plant of grain plumpness, in 4-6 generation, selected in selfing so continuously, finally obtains the new wheat germplasm of high thousand kernel weight.
2, according to the interspecific hybridization of wheat described in the claim 1, secondary backcross, the breeding method of selfing, it is characterized in that: after the described parent's selection criteria of step a is biparent cross, interspecific hybrid F
1Colony's sterile plant rate, individual plant sterile degree all show 100%, and the bagging selfing is shaky.
3, according to the interspecific hybridization of wheat described in the claim 1, secondary backcross, the breeding method of selfing, it is characterized in that: before and after the described distant hybridization of step b maternal fringe is carried out bagging and isolate, carried out artificial emasculation on the 2nd day in female parent heading back, castrate the back bagging and isolate, prevent other external non-paternal pollen pollinations; The female parent back 8-9 point in the 2nd day morning of blooming, afternoon, 15-16 point was pollinated, continuous triplicate/sky, after the pollination still bagging isolate, in pollination back 15 days, pluck hybridization fringe sack, assurance is hybridized seed and is well grown.
4, according to the interspecific hybridization of wheat described in the claim 1, secondary backcross, the breeding method of selfing, it is characterized in that: the described hybrid combination fertility of step c identifies it is to smooth out with the fingers the order adjacent plantation of the seed of the hybrid combination that obtains among the step b by male parent, female parent, crossbreed, spacing in the rows 10cm, line-spacing 20cm, the heading back isolates the timely bagging of the crossbreed individual plant of each combination, but every strain keeps not bagging of 2 tassels, tentatively judge this combination offspring's fertility according to the biology morphological feature characteristic of bagging tassel not, eliminate and to educate hybrid combination, keep sterile F
1Combination.
5, according to the interspecific hybridization of wheat described in the claim 1, secondary backcross, the breeding method of selfing, it is characterized in that: described the backcrossing of steps d is that 2-3 tassel bagging of every strain reservation do not pollinated, check self-fruitful rate for the results back, isolate for the timely bagging of the tassel of pollination, prevent the pollination of other external sources non-recurrent parent pollen, the acquisition seed of backcrossing only keeps self-fruitful rate and is the seed of backcrossing of 0 combination.
6, according to the interspecific hybridization of wheat described in the claim 1, secondary backcross, the breeding method of selfing, it is characterized in that it is that common wheat kind " stone 4185 " and the durum wheat kind " interior township 4184 " of selecting genetic background to differ greatly is the parent that step a parent selects.
7, according to wheat interspecific hybridization described in claim 1 or 6, secondary backcross, the breeding method of selfing is characterized in that step b hybridization is is female parent with common wheat kind " stone 4185 ", durum wheat kind " interior township 4184 " is a male parent, the preparing hybrid combination, carried out 230 Xiao Hua of artificial emasculation on the 2nd day in female parent heading back, castrate the back bagging and isolate; The female parent back 8-9 point in the 2nd day morning of blooming, afternoon, 15-16 point was pollinated, continuous triplicate/sky, after the pollination still bagging isolate, in pollination back 15 days, pluck hybridization fringe sack, guarantee to hybridize seed and well grow, acquisition interspecific cross F
0Seed.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102228000A (en) * | 2011-05-09 | 2011-11-02 | 西南大学 | Method for cultivating corn cytoplasm sterile line through distant hybirdization |
| CN103766213A (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2014-05-07 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Method for selecting strong-heterosis hybrid wheat combination |
| WO2016155544A1 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-10-06 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Three-line hybrid wheat parent original stock seed production method |
| CN106416710A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-02-22 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Method for increasing distant hybridization setting rate of Elytrigia elongata and Triticum aestivum |
| CN107041292A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-08-15 | 东北师范大学 | The method for cultivating the new hexaploid wheat of homoeologous chromosomes restructuring |
| CN107047288A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-18 | 漯河市农业科学院 | A kind of common wheat and Streptomyces coeruleorcbidus hybrid selection method |
| CN112616655A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-09 | 陕西省杂交油菜研究中心 | Method for creating new triticale germplasm resource based on distant hybridization technology |
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2006
- 2006-02-24 CN CN 200610012425 patent/CN1813523A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102228000A (en) * | 2011-05-09 | 2011-11-02 | 西南大学 | Method for cultivating corn cytoplasm sterile line through distant hybirdization |
| CN103766213A (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2014-05-07 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Method for selecting strong-heterosis hybrid wheat combination |
| CN103766213B (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-01-28 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Method for selecting strong-heterosis hybrid wheat combination |
| WO2016155544A1 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-10-06 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Three-line hybrid wheat parent original stock seed production method |
| CN107041292A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2017-08-15 | 东北师范大学 | The method for cultivating the new hexaploid wheat of homoeologous chromosomes restructuring |
| CN106416710A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-02-22 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Method for increasing distant hybridization setting rate of Elytrigia elongata and Triticum aestivum |
| CN107047288A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-18 | 漯河市农业科学院 | A kind of common wheat and Streptomyces coeruleorcbidus hybrid selection method |
| CN112616655A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-04-09 | 陕西省杂交油菜研究中心 | Method for creating new triticale germplasm resource based on distant hybridization technology |
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