CN101904300B - Hybrid breeding method for pumpkin - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid breeding method for pumpkin by annual three generations, which is characterized in that: combinations are configured in a breeding field in spring of the first year, the combinations are preliminarily screened in the breeding field in autumn, and the enlargement and small-area seed production are performed on selected excellent combined parents in Hainan province in winder; the combining ability is determined in the breeding field in spring of the next year, variety comparison experiments are protectively performed in winter, and the enlargement and small-area seed production of pioneer combined parents are continued in Hainan province in winder; the variety comparison experiments are continued in spring and autumn of the third year so as to select the optimal hybrid; the female parent is an inbred line 02-8A bred by performing seven generations of homozygous inbreeding on a hybrid winter jade according to an inbred line breeding method by annual three generations; and the male parent is an early-matured inbred line with a code number of 9601-4B obtained by hybridizing stable green-peel inbred line (with the code number of SQ96) selected by early-matured inbreeding separation in Seoul in spring in 2000 with a Chinese resource Heilongjiang small white-peel inbred line (with the code number of B) and performing four generations of homozygous inbreeding according to a female parent breeding method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the crossbreeding technology field, in particular a kind of custard squash anniversary three generations's cross breeding method.
Background technology
Production is at present gone up custard squash and is all adopted first generation of hybrid seed, so the seed selection means of new varieties also mainly are to accomplish through hybrid vigour (Heterosis) breeding.Hybrid vigour is meant that the organism with different genetic constitutions hybridizes the crossbreed that is produced is superior to parents at aspects such as growth potential, resistance, adaptability and output phenomenon.Utilizing hybrid vigour on the agricultural on a large scale is after the thirties in 20th century, and hybrid maize is at first used and produces and develop rapidly.Now in the world, field crop, vegetables, fruit tree, flowers, forest, letting animals feed etc. utilize hybrid vigour more and more widely.
The characteristics of heterosis breeding are " earlier pure back are assorted "; General procedure is: confirm breeding objective, and------------parent expands numerous and the production of hybrid seeds, and---article are than zone and production test---applied for parent's combo and combining ability test in the seed selection of inbred line to collect starting material; The wherein seed selection of inbred line, parent's combo and combining ability test are its kernel programs.In order to obtain innovation resources;-as be to obtain crossbreed through hybridization earlier between existing elite hybrid or the inbred line, inbreeding of more generation isozygotys then, isozygotying from the crossbreed to the inbred line; Generally need 6-8 to select for selfing; Parent's combo and combining ability test need 1-2, and the production test that relatively reaches between the combination needs 2-3 at least, promptly begin generally to need 9-10 to the breed breeding success from collecting resource.But the heterotic utilization of breeding man's preference; Mainly be because: on the one hand F1 hybrid vigour is obvious; Breeding man has the independent intellectual property right that kind exclusively enjoys on the other hand; The breeder can control hybrid strain, scale and quantity that the control seed is produced, and this helps protecting the rights and interests of breeder and seed producers.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as existing Hainan and add generation " two generations of anniversary " selection: complete seed selection processes such as the inbred line in that breeding ground carries out new varieties spring is isozygotied, combining and configuring, variety comparative test, genetic marker, composition chemical examination.Continue that inbred line is isozygotied, parent's expansion is numerous, the screening of hybrid combination winter in Hainan.Breeding ground and Hainan add for anniversary two generations seed selection has shortened the time limit that selfing is isozygotied, and has accelerated hybrid vigour seed selection process.
Hainan adds generation and has accelerated breeding process, but some seed selection means are restricted, and such as the restriction that receives experimental facilities and scientific research personnel in Hainan, can not carry out the assay of the mensuration and the proterties of gene to resource.Hainan adds generation at present mainly be that parent's expansion is numerous, the seed selection of small size hybrid seeding and inbred line.And the combination of the 1st year spring configuration, its quality can not show before Hainan adds generation, and the therefore numerous blindness that has of expansion of the 1st year Hainan parent and crossbreed often makes good crossbreed 1 year less than than the large tracts of land seed.Having satisfied not China catches up with and surpasses developed country's kind and produces the demand that new varieties are updated that goes up
Be illustrated in figure 2 as the greenhouse and add generation " two generations of anniversary " selection: each link that carry out pumpkin variety seed selection at breeding ground spring, carry out combined sorting autumn and winter in the greenhouse.The greenhouse adds generation and can accelerate hybrid combination process relatively, and illumination is not enough but the greenhouse adds generation, and day accumulated temperature does not reach, and the ripe seed of can not gathering receives the restriction of greenhouse area simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the deficiency to prior art, and a kind of custard squash anniversary three generations's cross breeding method is provided.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of anniversary three generations hybrid breeding method for pumpkin may further comprise the steps, and adopts annual three-generation inbred line breeding method seed selection parent; After finishing, parent's seed selection begins crossbreeding; Crossbreeding 15-25 day in 1 year March in spring is sowed, July the 20-27 end of day, breeding time 120-125d; Take plastic mulching, film hyposulculus kind, ditch depth 15-18cm, line-spacing 90cm, the capable sowing of spacing in the rows 50cm width, late frost young plant is later emitted mulch film, and other management are conventional method; Crossbreeding 5-15 day in 1 year August in autumn is sowed, the 25-11 months 5 in October end of day, breeding time 80-90d; Seeding method same spring, from being seeded into early September, put up sunshade net and fly net, with cooling, insect protected, the little shed of 10 bonnets in the middle ten days, the harm of prevention early frost; Crossbreeding Hainan 10-15 in November day in 1 year winter is sowed, crossbreeding in February, second 20-27 end of day, breeding time 100-110d.
Described hybrid breeding method for pumpkin; 1 year spring carried out combining and configuring at breeding ground in crossbreeding; The Preliminary screening that crossbreeding is made up at breeding ground 1 year autumn, crossbreeding be selected in Hainan 1 year winter fine combination parent's expansion numerous with the small size production of hybrid seeds, 1 year spring carried out combining ability test at breeding ground in crossbreeding; Protect the ground variety comparative test autumn; Winter, the numerous and small size production of hybrid seeds of symptom of a trend combined parent strain expansion was continued in Hainan, and the 3rd year spring, autumn proceeded variety comparative test in crossbreeding, selects optimum crossbreed.
Described hybrid breeding method for pumpkin, hybrid combination Preliminary screening in autumn method wherein is: after first female flower is open, carry out primary election according to prematurity and female flower density, remove the combination that ripe property is later, female flower density is rare; Pollination back 7-10d carries out the second time according to melon look, curcumbitate and selects, and removes the combination that does not meet the requirement of objective trait commodity; Select for the third time according to resistance and the anti-ageing property of plant in the middle and later periods of gathering, choose and meet that growing way is prosperous, the combination of resistance; Remove the combination that does not meet objective trait through primary election, Hainan adds for the expansion of autotelic parent of carrying out and crossbreed numerous, has alleviated the workload of carrying out variety comparative test 1 year spring, and the simultaneously autotelic symptom of a trend is made up carried out detailed observation record.
Described hybrid breeding method for pumpkin, selected fine combination parent: female parent is the inbred line 02-8A that is isozygotied and select through the selfing of 7 generations according to annual three-generation inbred line breeding method by crossbreed winter jade; Male parent is to separate the stable shagreen inbred line of selecting by the precocious selfing in Seoul to hybridize with domestic resource Heilungkiang Xiao Bai skin, the precocious inbred line of isozygotying and obtaining according to 4 generations of annual three-generation inbred line breeding method selfing again.
Custard squash is shorter breeding time, and spring temperature is lower, needs 45-50d from being seeded into to bloom, and seed maturity needs 60-70d from pollinating; Autumn, early stage, temperature was high, and growth is fast, needs about 30-35d from being seeded into to bloom; When descending, the collecting time of 35-40d is arranged, can carry out preliminary character screening to temperature at the beginning of 11 months by the end of October; Hainan adds for needing 30-35d from being seeded into to bloom winter, need 60-65d from the maturation of pollinating, so the three generations's seed selection of custard squash anniversary needs time 285-320d in theory; Add the airing seed, it is fully feasible carrying out three generations's seed selection the anniversary.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 for two generation of prior art anniversary Hainan add generation selection and breeding method;
Fig. 2 for two generation of prior art anniversary the greenhouse add generation selection and breeding method;
Fig. 3 is anniversaries three generation selection and breeding method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.
To the east of No. 2 custard squash breeding of new varieties of calabash be that example is elaborated.
Breeding objective is confirmed: through introducing external elite hybrid, perhaps inbred line and local good precocious resource hybridization adopt selfing to isozygoty; Genetic development according to leaf look indication shape and melon look; Carry out gathering, recombinating of high-quality gene, orientation is gathered excellent genes, selects that both to keep the domestic variety prematurity obvious; Having simultaneously the external kind later stage does not again wane the custard squash new varieties that commodity is good, output is high.
The collection of starting material: external elite hybrid: France's winter is beautiful, Seoul is precocious, domestic precocious resource Heilungkiang Xiao Bai skin etc.
The seed selection of inbred line:
As shown in Figure 3, for the present invention adopt annual three-generation inbred line breeding method seed selection parent sketch map, specific practice does, inbred line breeding 15-25 day in 1 year March in spring is sowed, July the 20-27 end of day, breeding time 120-125d; Take plastic mulching, film hyposulculus kind, ditch depth 15-18cm, line-spacing 90cm, spacing in the rows 50cm, the capable sowing of width, late frost young plant is later emitted mulch film, and other management are conventional method.Inbred line breeding 5-15 day in 1 year August in autumn is sowed, the 25-11 months 5 in October end of day, breeding time 80-90d; Seeding method same spring, put up sunshade net and fly net from being seeded into early September, with cooling, insect protected, the little shed of 10 bonnets in the middle ten days, the harm of prevention early frost.Inbred line breeding Hainan 10-15 in November day in 1 year winter is sowed, inbred line breeding in February, second 20-27 end of day, breeding time 100-110d; Key measure is rainproof, insect protected, regularly detects insect pest situation, general every sprayed at a distance from 7 days prevent eliminating aphis, the medicament of cabbage caterpillar, liriomyza bryoniae; The plantation of employing high ridge, line-spacing 80cm, the high 25-30cm in ridge, the sowing of top, ridge, plastic mulching is in case weeds overgrow.
Parent's seed selection: No. 2 female parents of eastern calabash are beginnings in 2000, from the beautiful inbred line 02-8A that isozygotys and select through the selfing of 7 generations of crossbreed winter.Select 2-3 melon homophyletic selfing on the plant in spring in 2000, obtain F
1Seed, numbering DY00C.Plantation autumn in 2000, menu strain selfing respectively, F
2Generation isolates white skin DY00QW, casting skin DY00QD, (is standard with old melon) three types of spending skin DY00QY.After being divided into the opening of first female flower period of selecting good strains in the field for seed, carry out primary election according to prematurity and female flower density; Pollination back 10-15d carries out the second time according to the melon look and selects; Pollination back 30d selects (down together) for the third time according to resistance and the anti-ageing property of plant, chooses the strain list that meets objective trait and receives.Winter in 2000 planted in Hainan, served as that main continuation selfing is isozygotied with the white skin of dominance, planted 15 of single strain nurseries altogether, code name DY00DW-1, DY00DW-2 ... DY00DW-15 eliminates and separates serious strain system, and all the other are that the mixed (F of receipts of white skin strain is chosen in the garden
3).Continue individual plant selfing (F spring calendar year 2001
4), from F
4The generation beginning is selected according to objective trait individual plants such as melon look, blade profile, stem look, resistances, stresses commodity spring.Plantation in autumn calendar year 2001 (F
5), stress to select the strain of viral diseases, wherein strain is that the 8th individual plant offspring in 3 is isozygotied code name DY01QW-3-8 basically.Winter calendar year 2001, individual plant selfing (F was continued in Hainan
6), stress the strain of mildew-resistance, eliminate to mix after the strain do not meet objective trait and receive code name DY01DW-3-8A; Spring in 2002, the DY01DW-3-8A kind was planted back (F
7) stable, sisters hand between strain system, and the simplification code name is 02-8A, and it shows as: growth potential is prosperous; Blade is dark green, half climing habit, in ripe, 7-8 is saving and is giving birth to first female flower; The long tubular of fruit, the vertical footpath of commodity melon 25-28cm, horizontal in 8-10cm, melon look light green skin; Glossiness is good, and pulp is fine and smooth, and aging melon is white skin.
The male parent seed selection is also beginning in 2000, and male parent is separated the stable shagreen inbred line of selecting (code name SQ96) and domestic resource Heilungkiang Xiao Bai skin (code name B) hybridization by the precocious selfing in Seoul, the precocious inbred line of isozygotying and obtaining according to 4 generations of method selfing of maternal seed selection again, code name 9601-4B; Show as short non-hibernating eggs, the 6th～7 is saving and is giving birth to first female flower, and young melon skin color depth is green; The long clavate of fruit, pulp is soft fine and smooth, storage tolerance; Aging melon is a casting skin, vertical footpath 33-35cm, transverse diameter 5-6cm; Yielding ability is good, low light tolerance, and high antiviral is sick.
Parent's combo and combining ability test: crossbreeding was beginning in 2002, and combo test is carried out in crossbreeding 1 year spring (2002), and 15-25 day in March is sowed, July the 20-27 end of day, breeding time 120-125d; Take plastic mulching, film hyposulculus kind, ditch depth 15-18cm, line-spacing 90cm, the capable sowing of spacing in the rows 50cm width, late frost young plant is later emitted mulch film, and other management are conventional method; The Preliminary screening that makes up autumn, combination be divided into excellent, in, differ from three types, 5-15 day in August is sowed, the 25-11 months 5 in October end of day, breeding time 80-90d; Seeding method same spring, from being seeded into early September, put up sunshade net and fly net, with cooling, insect protected, the little shed of 10 bonnets in the middle ten days, the harm of prevention early frost; Winter in 2002 was expanded numerous and the small size production of hybrid seeds in Hainan to the parent of selected fine combination, and Hainan 10-15 in November day in winter is sowed, in February, second the 20-27 end of day; Breeding time, 100-110d also promptly carried out combining ability test in spring in 2003 in 1 year, and the comprehensive proterties of 02-8A * 9601-4B is optimum; Performance growth potential is prosperous; Disease resistance is strong, and fruit is fresh and tender neat, high and stable yield.
Variety comparative test and production test: autumn in 2003 was protected the ground variety comparative test at greenhouse by solar heat; The 3rd year also is plastic mulching in spring open country varietal yield test in 2004; Autumn in 2004 was protected the ground variety comparative test at greenhouse by solar heat; Participated in the custard squash new varieties protection ground production test of Shanxi Province seed control station tissue in 2006 and 2007 respectively; In April, 2008, five three meeting identifications of variety of crops evaluation committee were passed through through the Shanxi Province, and dish (recognizing) 2008009 is examined in the Shanxi, names eastern calabash No. 2.
Combo then autumn Preliminary screening; Can make winter Hainan add generation carry out fine combination parent's expansion numerous with the small size production of hybrid seeds; It is more purposive to make Hainan add generation, and the workload of the observation record of the variety comparative test that has reduced spring has been done sth. in advance the test of fine combination small size multiple spot.
The main disease of custard squash is virus disease and powdery mildew, autumn high temperature and drought, virus disease takes place serious, winter, Hainan was hot and humid, powdery mildew, downy mildew take place serious.It is numerous that parent's resource that the east calabash is No. 2 adds the generation expansion at Various Seasonal, diverse geographic location, increased its adaptability and disease resistance (seeing table 1), so No. 2 custard squash new varieties of eastern calabash wide adaptability, and resistance against diseases is strong.
No. 2 disease resistances of the eastern calabash of table 1 are identified
Should be understood that, concerning those of ordinary skills, can improve or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of accompanying claims of the present invention according to above-mentioned explanation.
Claims (2)
1. a hybrid breeding method for pumpkin is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps; Adopt annual three-generation inbred line breeding method seed selection parent, parent's seed selection begins crossbreeding after finishing, and crossbreeding 15-25 day in 1 year March in spring is sowed; July the 20-27 end of day, breeding time 120-125d; Take plastic mulching, film hyposulculus kind, ditch depth 15-18cm, line-spacing 90cm, the capable sowing of spacing in the rows 50cm width, late frost young plant is later emitted mulch film, and other management are conventional method; Crossbreeding 5-15 day in 1 year August in autumn is sowed, the 25-11 months 5 in October end of day, breeding time 80-90d; Seeding method same spring, from being seeded into early September, put up sunshade net and fly net, with cooling, insect protected, the little shed of 10 bonnets in the middle ten days, the harm of prevention early frost; Crossbreeding Hainan 10-15 in November day in 1 year winter is sowed, crossbreeding in February, second 20-27 end of day, breeding time 100-110d; 1 year spring carried out combining and configuring at breeding ground in crossbreeding; The Preliminary screening that crossbreeding is made up at breeding ground 1 year autumn; Crossbreeding is selected in fine combination parent's the numerous and small size production of hybrid seeds of expansion 1 year winter in Hainan; 1 year spring carried out combining ability test at breeding ground in crossbreeding, protects the ground variety comparative test autumn, and winter, the numerous and small size production of hybrid seeds of symptom of a trend combined parent strain expansion was continued in Hainan; The 3rd year spring, autumn proceeded variety comparative test in crossbreeding, selects optimum crossbreed;
Described parent's selection is: female parent: select 2-3 melon homophyletic selfing on the beautiful plant of crossbreed winter 1 year spring, obtain F
1Seed, numbering DY00C; Plantation in 1 year autumn, menu strain selfing respectively, F
2In generation, isolates white skin DY00QW, casting skin DY00QD, spends three types of skin DY00QY; After being divided into the opening of first female flower period of selecting good strains in the field for seed, carry out primary election according to prematurity and female flower density; Pollination back 10-15d carries out the second time according to the melon look and selects; Pollination back 30d selects according to resistance and the anti-ageing property of plant for the third time, down together, chooses the strain list that meets objective trait and receives; Plant in Hainan 1 year winter, serves as that master's continuation selfing is isozygotied with the white skin of dominance, plants 15 of single strain nurseries altogether, and code name DY00DW-1 to DY00DW-15 eliminates and separates serious strain system, and all the other are that the mixed receipts of white skin strain F is chosen in the garden
3Continue individual plant selfing F 1 year spring
4, from F
4The generation beginning is selected according to the objective trait individual plant that comprises melon look, blade profile, stem look, resistance, stresses commodity spring; Plant F 1 year autumn
5, stress to select the strain of viral diseases, wherein strain is that the 8th individual plant offspring in 3 is isozygotied code name DY01QW-3-8 basically; 1 year winter, individual plant selfing F was continued in Hainan
6, stress the strain of mildew-resistance, eliminate to mix after the strain do not meet objective trait and receive code name DY01DW-3-8A; It is stable that the 3rd year spring, the DY01DW-3-8A kind was planted the back, and sisters hand between strain system, and the simplification code name is 02-8A, and it shows as: growth potential is prosperous; Blade is dark green, half climing habit, in ripe, 7-8 is saving and is giving birth to first female flower; The long tubular of fruit, the vertical footpath of commodity melon 25-28cm, horizontal in 8-10cm, melon look light green skin; Glossiness is good, and pulp is fine and smooth, and aging melon is white skin; Male parent is separated the stable shagreen inbred line of selecting and is hybridized with domestic resource Heilungkiang Xiao Bai skin by the precocious selfing in Seoul, the precocious inbred line of isozygotying and obtaining according to 4 generations of method selfing of maternal seed selection again, and code name 9601-4B shows as short non-hibernating eggs; The 6th～7 is saving and is giving birth to first female flower, and young melon skin color depth is green, the long clavate of fruit, and pulp is soft fine and smooth; Storage tolerance, aging melon are casting skin, vertical footpath 33-35cm, transverse diameter 5-6cm; Yielding ability is good, low light tolerance, and high antiviral is sick.
2. hybrid breeding method for pumpkin according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Hybrid combination Preliminary screening in autumn method wherein is: after first female flower is open, carry out primary election according to prematurity and female flower density, remove the combination that ripe property is later, female flower density is rare; Pollination back 7-10d carries out the second time according to melon look, curcumbitate and selects, and removes the combination that does not meet the requirement of objective trait commodity; Select for the third time according to resistance and the anti-ageing property of plant in the middle and later periods of gathering, choose and meet that growing way is prosperous, the combination of resistance; Remove the combination that does not meet objective trait through primary election, Hainan adds for the expansion of autotelic parent of carrying out and crossbreed numerous, has alleviated the workload of carrying out variety comparative test 1 year spring, and the simultaneously autotelic symptom of a trend is made up carried out detailed observation record.
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| CN102318550B (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2014-10-29 | 奈曼旗享禾种业有限公司 | Annual three-generation inbred line breeding method of sunflower seed Xianghedabaibian |
| CN104272939B (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2016-02-17 | 中国种子集团有限公司 | A kind of custard squash kind melon one plants the breeding method received throughout the year |
| CN105191784A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-30 | 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所 | Breeding method of semi-dwarf-vine zucchini |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1025769C (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1994-08-31 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method of cross-bred seeding for summer squash |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1025769C (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1994-08-31 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Method of cross-bred seeding for summer squash |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
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| 于桂芳等.西葫芦人工杂交制种技术.《种子科技》.2001,(第5期),302. * |
| 杨海江等.西葫芦杂交制种技术.《种子科技》.2006,(第1期),59-60. * |
| 樊哲儒等.新疆春小麦育种材料冬季温室加代技术.《新疆农业科学》.2000,(第5期),230-231. * |
| 裘志新等.春小麦育种一年三代新技术的初探.《宁夏农业科技》.2003,(第1期),11-13. * |
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