CN107278875B

CN107278875B - Method for breeding new spring soybean variety by using soybean male nuclear sterile material

Info

Publication number: CN107278875B
Application number: CN201710541578.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵志刚; 罗瑞萍; 连金番; 姬月梅
Original assignee: CROP Research Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: CROP Research Institute of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2017-07-05
Filing date: 2017-07-05
Publication date: 2020-11-24
Anticipated expiration: 2037-07-05
Also published as: CN107278875A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding a new spring soybean variety by using a soybean male nuclear sterile material, which collects enough soybean ms1 sterile plant seeds and excellent parent materials to be mixed and planted according to the ratio of 1:5 for hybridization, and obtains sterile plant seeds. And (5) performing southern propagation on the sterile plant to obtain fertile plant seeds. After the seeds of the cultivated fertile plants are intercrossed, the seeds of the sterile plants are harvested, and excellent individual plants are selected according to the breeding target. Sterile plant seed 1/2 backcross (step 1 execution) 1/2 leaves south propagation. And (5) performing southern propagation on the sterile plant to obtain fertile plant seeds. After the seeds of the cultivated fertile plants are intercrossed, the seeds of the sterile plants are harvested, and excellent individual plants are selected according to the breeding target. Sterile plant seed 1/2 backcross (step 1 execution) 1/2 leaves south propagation. The invention omits the complicated procedures of manual emasculation and artificial pollination hybridization, and avoids a great deal of work of manual hybridization; realizing the recombination of multiple genes; the technical method is simple, and the space for selecting excellent single plants is large.

Description

Method for breeding new spring soybean variety by using soybean male nuclear sterile material

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of genes, and relates to a method for breeding a new spring soybean variety by using a soybean male nuclear sterile material.

Background

Self-pollination of soybean is favorable to maintaining excellent genotype individual and is not favorable to gene recombination. Hybridization breeding is a main method for soybean breeding. Because soybean floral organs are small and the survival rate of artificial hybridization is low, the number of configured parent hybridization combinations is limited by manpower and material resources in the breeding process, so that the sources of the parents are limited and the genetic basis is narrow.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for breeding a new spring soybean variety by utilizing a soybean male nuclear sterile material, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:

step 1: enough sterile plant seeds of soybean ms1 are collected and hybridized with excellent parent materials according to 1:5 mixed planting, and the sterile plant seeds are harvested.

Step 2: and (5) performing southern propagation on the sterile plant to obtain fertile plant seeds.

And step 3: after the seeds of the cultivated fertile plants are intercrossed, the seeds of the sterile plants are harvested, and excellent individual plants are selected according to the breeding target. Sterile plant seed 1/2 backcross (step 1 execution) 1/2 leaves south propagation.

And 4, step 4: and (5) performing southern propagation on the sterile plant to obtain fertile plant seeds.

And 5: after the seeds of the cultivated fertile plants are intercrossed, the seeds of the sterile plants are harvested, and excellent individual plants are selected according to the breeding target. Sterile plant seed 1/2 backcross (step 1 execution) 1/2 leaves south propagation.

The invention has the advantages that the complicated procedures of manual emasculation and artificial pollination hybridization are saved, and a large amount of work of combination of manual hybridization is saved; realizing the recombination of multiple genes; the technical method is simple, and the space for selecting excellent single plants is large.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.

1. Research materials

Selecting soybean male sterile material ms 1; 74 parts of parent receptor material, wherein: 15 parts of Chinese farm courtyard, 13 parts of Ningxia, 16 parts of Hebei, 8 parts of Shanxi, 12 parts of Shandong, 4 parts of Liaoning, 4 parts of Jilin, 1 part of Heilongjiang and 1 part of Gansu. The receptor material is mainly derived from research projects such as a main spring soybean variety cultivated in the area, a new excellent spring soybean variety cultivated in recent years, a national spring soybean north regional test and production demonstration born in 2016, a Ningxia spring soybean variety regional test and production demonstration, a Huang-Huai-Hai soybean adaptability evaluation test research, a Huang-Huai-Hai soybean new variety (variety) multi-point yield identification test and the like. The core receptor material mainly comprises spring soybean variety of SUN DOU No. 6, JIN DOU 19, ZHONGHUANG 30, JI DOU 17, and NINGHUANG 248 planted in Ningxia.

2. Technical method

2.1 planting technique

And (3) mixing and planting the soybean male nuclear sterile material ms1 and the parent receptor material 1:5, and harvesting sterile plant granules. And (5) performing southern propagation on the sterile plant to obtain fertile plant seeds. Constructing a germplasm gene bank basic population through multiple rounds, selecting excellent single plants or plant types according to breeding targets, and breeding a high-yield, high-quality and widely-adaptive new soybean variety (line).

The test material is planted in equal row spacing by flat seeding, the row spacing is 50cm, the plant spacing is 10-13 cm, and about 12000 square meters of seedlings are protected for 667 square meters. The sowing date, fertilizing amount and field management are the same as those of the common production field.

2.2 clustering techniques

The soybean ms1 male nuclear sterile recurrent population selective breeding is the combination of population improvement technology and selection technology, and hybrid population, recombinant population and stable population should be established generally.

The first step is to collect enough sterile plant seeds of soybean ms1 and excellent parent material, the second step is to realize hybridization with parent receptor material, and the third step is to harvest hybrid seeds (sterile plant seeds).

Recombination population the population seeded by the hybrid seeds is a recombination population, genes in the hybrid population are recombined and separated through planting, bad genes are eliminated through round selection, and the population is improved through more than 2 rounds of selection generally.

And (4) stabilizing the population, namely selecting excellent single plants from the improved population for plant row planting to ensure that excellent characters are stabilized and expressed, and identifying the excellent strains from the excellent strains to enter a yield test. Planting (plant rows → plant lines → yield identification → variety comparison test).

2.3 backcrossing technique:

and (3) collecting hybrid grains (sterile plant grains) from the recombinant population and the stable population, returning the hybrid grains to the hybrid population, and continuously hybridizing with a receptor material.

2.4 selection techniques

Through hybridization, selection, hybridization, re-selection and re-hybridization, the frequency of the desired excellent genes is increased. The main technology comprises three aspects: the method comprises the steps of firstly, generating offspring from an original population, secondly, measuring the offspring and selecting the optimal genotype or individual from the offspring, and thirdly, selecting excellent offspring, mutually crossing and recombining to form a next round of selection population.

The frequency of genes with favorable target traits in the population is continuously increased by continuous selection, hybridization and recombination. In the population improvement process, on one hand, new germplasm can be continuously input into the population; on the other hand, in any round of population, the required excellent individuals (single plants) can be selected, and the conventional breeding program is combined to breed excellent new varieties or germplasm resources.

The soybean ms1 recurrent population selective breeding is different from the conventional crossbreeding, and is characterized in that the breeding of new germplasm and new strain is carried out on the premise of optimizing soybean ms1 recurrent population. The genetic basis of the sterile plant and the excellent germplasm hybrid rich population, the genetic recombination and the separation in the population and the continuous elimination of inferior genes through recurrent selection lead the population to be continuously optimized and promoted. On the premise of population optimization, excellent single plant selection and plant row planting are carried out, so that excellent properties of the soybean are stabilized, and an excellent new soybean variety (line) is cultured. And (3) carrying out genetic variation analysis on the plant height, the bottom pod height, the branch number, the effective branch and the single-plant pod number of the selected early maturity (LDZ), middle maturity (LD) and late maturity (LDW)3 sub-populations. Each trait has large genetic variation. The agronomic characters of the late-maturing sub-population are obviously higher than the variation coefficient of the characters of the early-maturing sub-population on the plant height, the bottom pod height, the main stem node number, the branch number and the effective branch number of a single plant pod number. Of course, in addition to the construction of the subpopulation according to the maturation period, a soy high-protein and high-fat subpopulation may be further constructed. The national scholars have many discussions on this aspect.

The late-maturing subgroup in Ningxia spring soybean is constructed by the germplasm gene bank basic group, and the yield identification test result of the soybean new variety (line) selectively bred by the recurrent group in 2015 shows that: the new lines which increase the yield by more than 5 percent compared with ck are 12LD-42, 09LD-1, 11LD-48, 09LD-24 and 12 LD-90. Planting 100 square meters of hybrid groups in 2016, harvesting 2200g of sterile plants, 1000g of simplified generations in the south of the sea, planting 600 square meters of recombinant groups, planting 281 parts of excellent single plants in stable groups, 67 parts of plant lines, 13 parts of new yield identification lines, 206.01-351.80 kg of yield identification reference line 666.7 square meters, increasing the yield of 4 lines by 3-16% compared with ck, and increasing the yield of new lines by 13LD-231, 13LD-222, 11LD-61 and 13LD-219 compared with the reference lines. The method comprises the steps of planting a hybrid group 600 square meter in 2017, recombining a group 2000 square meter, planting a stable group 255 parts of excellent single plants, 53 parts of plant lines and 14 parts of new yield identification strains, and performing yield comparison tests on 10 new strains which are bred in a recurrent manner in recent years and have stable yield characters and strong stress resistance.

Researchers at grain and oil research institute of agricultural academy of Hebei province utilize soybean ms1 male sterility recurrent technology to breed LD42 and LD60 high-yield strains, 01s56 (protein 48%), 01s1 (protein 46%) high-protein strains and 04gy130 (fat 21.8%), 04gy177 (fat 22.17%); by recurrent colony selection, the first new high-oil soybean variety Jidou 19 in China is successfully cultivated, the protein content is 40.13 percent, and the fat content is 21.68 percent; the Jidou 20 which is a high-protein soybean variety is cultivated, the protein content is 45.99 percent, the fat content is 16.4 percent respectively, and the Jidou soybean variety passes the examination and determination of Hebei province.

The invention continuously increases the frequency of the genes with favorable target traits in the population by continuous selection, hybridization and recombination. In the population improvement process, on one hand, new germplasm can be continuously input into the population; on the other hand, in any round of population, the required excellent individual (single plant) can be selected, and a new variety (line) or variety (line) resource of the excellent soybean can be cultivated by combining a conventional breeding program. The technical method mainly utilizes the openness of male nuclear sterile genes of soybean ms1 to construct a Ningxia spring soybean germplasm gene bank basic population by a recurrent selection breeding technology, selects a breeding date of 135-140 d according to the breeding target of Ningxia spring soybean, has the plant height of about 100cm, is upright, lodging-resistant, disease-resistant, strong in adaptability, good in appearance commodity of grains, excellent in quality, prominent in yield and character, and has a target yield of more than 250kg/666.7 square meters, namely a new middle-late spring soybean variety (line) or a new line type or a new high-protein and high-oil special variety (line).

The invention also has the advantages that the method for improving the population and breeding the high-yield and high-quality new variety by utilizing the soybean ms1 male sterile material recurrent selective breeding technology is an effective method, and compared with the conventional crossbreeding, the recurrent population selective breeding technology has the following advantages: the method comprises the steps of obtaining a plurality of parent combination types; fully utilizing soybean ms1 male nuclear sterile genes to change closed hybridization into open hybridization; the complicated procedures of manual emasculation and artificial pollination hybridization are omitted, and a large amount of work of combination of manual hybridization is omitted; fourthly, a separate group with wide genetic basis can be obtained in the current year; multi-gene recombination is realized; sixthly, the technical method is simple, and the space for selecting an excellent single plant is large.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding a new spring soybean variety by utilizing a soybean male nuclear sterile material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1: collecting enough sterile plant seeds of soybean ms1 and excellent parent materials, and performing hybrid planting according to the ratio of 1:5 to obtain sterile plant seeds;

step 2: sterile plant seeds are subjected to southern propagation to obtain fertile plant seeds;

and step 3: after planting fertile plant seeds for intercrossing, harvesting sterile plant seeds, selecting excellent single plants according to breeding targets, backcrossing the sterile plant seeds 1/2, and leaving 1/2 of sterile plant seeds for southern propagation;

and 4, step 4: sterile plant seeds are subjected to southern propagation to obtain fertile plant seeds;

and 5: after planting fertile plant seeds for intercrossing, harvesting sterile plant seeds, selecting excellent single plants according to breeding targets, backcrossing the sterile plant seeds 1/2, and leaving 1/2 of sterile plant seeds for southern propagation;

the backcross in the step 3 and the step 5 refers to the hybridization of sterile plant seeds and excellent parent materials.