CN112740967A - Seed production method for three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing - Google Patents
Seed production method for three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a seed production method for three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, which comprises the following steps: 1) mixing at least two rows of the multiple rows of sterile lines into a restorer line; 2) setting precision hole sowing parameters; 3) auxiliary pollination; 4) and (5) mechanically harvesting. According to the invention, a precise hole sowing method is adopted, on the premise of mixing low-proportion restorer line seeds, the mixed restorer line seeds are precisely distributed in the seed production rows, the distance between each seed hole is consistent, so that the distance between each male parent plant and a female parent plant is closer, the spatial distribution of wheat individuals and populations is uniform, the growth and development processes are the same, the development between tillering ears and main stem ears of the male parent and the female parent is basically consistent, the female parent sterile line is in close full contact with pollen of the male parent at the flowering stage of the male parent, the outcrossing seed setting rate of the female parent is improved, the seed production purity is ensured, the high seed production yield is obtained, and the seed production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat seed production, in particular to a seed production method of three-line hybrid wheat by precision hole sowing.
Background
Wheat is widely planted as staple food in the global range, and the wheat planting area reaches about 3.6 hundred million acres every year in China. Under the condition that the global population is continuously increased, the per capita cultivated land area is gradually reduced, and the problem of grain safety is gradually highlighted. The utilization of heterosis is a phenomenon generally existing in the biological world, and the utilization of wheat heterosis is a necessary way for the current and future. The main bottleneck of the utilization of the wheat heterosis is the two aspects of strong heterosis combination matching and hybrid seed production efficiency.
At present, there are 3 methods for wheat hybrid seed production: the row-comparison method, the sowing-width-comparison method and the mixed sowing seed production method all adopt a wheat drill to sow seeds. 1. The line comparison method comprises the following steps: the male parent restorer line and the female parent sterile line are sown in different row ratios in a drill mode, for example, 3 rows of male parents and 9 or 12 rows of female parents are sown, and pollen of the restorer line is pollinated to the female parents for cross-crossing to form hybrid seeds. When the ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 6: 18, the farther the distance between the male parent plant and the female parent plant is, the smaller the pollination probability of the female parent plant is, and the outcrossing maturing rate of the female parent is gradually reduced along with the increase of the distance between the male parent line and the female parent line. Thus, the distance between the female parent and the male parent determines the number of outcrossing fruiting grains of the female parent. In order to ensure the purity of the hybrid seeds during harvesting, the female parent row and the male parent row are harvested respectively, the male parent row is harvested manually, the female parent row is harvested mechanically, and finally the harvesting efficiency is low and the harvesting cost is high. 2. A broadcasting ratio method: the method is characterized in that 2 seeders are adopted during seed production, 1 seeding width is adopted for the male parent, 2-3 seeding widths are adopted for the female parent and the male parent respectively, and when the male parent blooms and pollinates, the distance between the female parent and the male parent in the middle rows is far, and the outcrossing seed setting rate of the female parent is reduced due to the fact that the seeding width of the female parent is wide. The 2 harvesters are adopted to harvest the male parent seeds and the hybrid seeds respectively during harvesting, and in a certain seed production area, because the male parent area is large, the yield of the hybrid seeds harvested in unit area is low, and the final seed production cost is high. 3. Mixed sowing seed production method: the male parent seeds of the restorer line are mixed into the female parent seeds of the sterile line in different proportions, the proportion of the mixed male parent seeds determines the yield of the female parent, when the restorer line with higher proportion is mixed, the maturing rate of the female parent is higher, but the purity of the seeds is reduced, when the restorer line is mixed with lower proportion, the purity of the hybrid is higher, but the yield of the hybrid seeds is reduced, because the distance between the restorer line and the sterile line is in inverse proportion to the outcrossing maturing rate of the sterile line. On the other hand, the mixed sowing seed production adopts a wheat drill seeder, a sowing mechanism adopts a disc type furrow opener for slotting, a gear type seed taking device for taking seeds is adopted, the seeds are scattered into the slotting through a hose, the sowing depth is difficult to control, the sowing is uneven, the field emergence rate is low, the phenomenon of seedling shortage and line breaking occurs, the individual space distribution is uneven, the distance between a single plant of the male parent and a single plant of the female parent is uneven, and the seed production yield is low due to the seedling shortage of the male parent.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing seeds of three-line hybrid wheat by precision hole sowing, so as to solve the problems of mixed sowing seed production in the background art.
The purpose of the invention and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme. The invention provides a seed production method for three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing at least two rows of the multiple rows of sterile lines into a restorer line;
2) is provided withPlacing precision hole sowing parameters: the sowing width is 1.8 m-4.2 m, the sowing width is 4 rows 1 group, the group spacing is 18-24 cm, the wheat row spacing in the group is 12-18 cm, the hill spacing is 5.2-6.2 cm, and the land area is 666.7m2) 7.2-8.5 ten thousand holes, 1-5 seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and 1 drip irrigation tape is laid between the rows of the middle row in each group;
3) auxiliary pollination;
4) and (5) mechanically harvesting.
Further, in the seed production method of the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, in the step 1), the flowering phases of the sterile line and the restorer line meet, namely the flowering phases of the female parent (sterile line) and the male parent (restorer line) are the same, at this time, the male parent raises flowers and looses pollen, the stigma of the female parent is exposed (no pollen exists due to male sterility of the female parent), and the pollen of the male parent is just pollinated, fertilized and fruited.
Further, in the seed production method of the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, in the step 1), the sterile line and the recovery line are strong-advantage hybrid combinations with meeting florescence.
Further, in the seed production method of the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, in the step 1), the outcrossing maturing rate of the sterile line is more than 60%, and the higher the outcrossing maturing rate of the sterile line is, the higher the seed production yield and the higher the purity are.
Further, in the seed production method of the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, in the step 1), the average mixing proportion of the restorer line is 3-6% so as to ensure that the purity of the hybrid seed can be above about 96%.
Further, in the seed production method of the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, in the step 1), the average mixing proportion of the restorer line is 4-5%, and on the basis of ensuring that the purity of the hybrid seeds is more than 96%, the high seed production yield can be achieved.
Further, in the seed production method of the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, in the step 3), the supplementary pollination is artificial or unmanned aerial vehicle supplementary pollination.
Further, in the method for producing seeds of three-line hybrid wheat by precision hole sowing, in step 4), the mechanical harvesting is performed by using grain harvesting mechanical equipment.
Further, in the seed production method of the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, in the step 4), the purity of the mechanically harvested seeds is not lower than 96%.
Further, in the seed production method of the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, a seed production isolation step is further included after the step 3) and before the step 4).
Further, in the seed production method of the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, the seed production isolation and chemical control steps are sequentially included after the step 3) and before the step 4).
Further, in the seed production method of the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, the chemical control comprises the following steps: 300mg/L and 150mg/L chlormequat chloride are respectively sprayed in the wheat turning period and the wheat jointing period.
Compared with the prior art, the seed production method of the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, a precise hole sowing method is adopted, on the premise of mixing low-proportion restorer line seeds, the mixed restorer line seeds are precisely distributed in the seed production rows, the distance between each seed hole is consistent, so that the distance between each male parent plant and a female parent plant is closer, the spatial distribution of wheat individuals and populations is uniform, the growth and development processes are the same, the development between tillering ears and main stem ears of the male parent and the female parent is basically consistent, the female parent sterile line is in close full contact with pollen of the male parent at the flowering stage of the male parent, the outcrossing seed setting rate of the female parent is improved, the seed production purity is ensured, the high seed production yield is obtained, and the seed production cost is reduced.
The invention is not only used for the AL type three-line wheat hybrid seed production work, but also can be used for the seed production work of different types of hybrid wheat (such as two-line hybrid wheat).
The foregoing is a summary of the present invention, and in order to provide a clear understanding of the technical means of the present invention and to be implemented in accordance with the present specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid wheat hybrid precision hole sowing seed production method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram (a, b, c) of the hybrid wheat hybrid precision hole sowing seed production method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the wheat precision hill planter of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a multi-row drill rack of the wheat precision hill planter of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the dibbler of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the internal structure of FIG. 5 according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is one of the exploded views of FIG. 5 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a second exploded view of FIG. 5 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the present invention used in the precision seed taker of FIG. 5;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the precision seed taker of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an exploded view of FIG. 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a seeding hole-moving nozzle and a hole-inserting hole-fixing nozzle part in the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the construction of the dibbler of the present invention in cooperation with a seed box;
Detailed Description
In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following detailed description is provided with reference to the preferred embodiments for the specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects of the seed production method for the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
The following materials or reagents, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available.
The invention provides a seed production method for three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, which comprises the following steps:
1) determining seed production combination and seed mixing proportion. The parent seeds of the strong-heterosis hybrid combination of the sterile line and the restorer line meeting in the flowering phase are selected, the expected purity of the hybrid is generally not lower than 96 percent, and the hybrid proportion of the male parent and the restorer line is determined to be 5 percent according to the perennial natural outcrossing seed setting rate of the sterile line and the test (Table 1).
2) And determining a precise hole sowing and seed mixing mode. The basic seedlings per mu in the hybrid wheat seed production field are set to be 20 ten thousand, and when 5 percent of restorer lines are mixed, 19 thousand sterile lines and 1 ten thousand restorer lines should be theoretically provided. There are two basic ways for seed production by precision hole sowing and mixed sowing. Mode 1 (see fig. 1): each row was mixed with 5% restorer. 666.7m when the average line spacing is 15cm2When the conversion line length is 4444m, 1 restorer line should be theoretically present at a distance of 44 cm. Mode 2 (see fig. 2a, b, c): the restorer line is only mixed into 2 rows, and the other 2 rows are purely sterile lines. The mixed seed ratio of 2 lines mixed with the restorer line is changed to 10 percent, 1 restorer line is theoretically arranged at an interval of 22cm, the plant distance of the restorer line is shortened by 1 time compared with the method 1, the distance between the restorer line and the adjacent sterile line is 12cm, and the distance between a male parent plant and a female parent plant is closer. Therefore, the seeding method is preferably the method 2.
3) And adjusting the seeding parameters of the seeder. According to the quality requirement of the precision hill-drop seeding of wheat, all seeding parts are checked, maintained and adjusted one week in advance. The pipe-laying seeder for the precise wheat bunch planting of 24 rows (see fig. 3 and 4), wherein independent seed boxes and bunch planters are arranged in a front-back staggered suspension mode, 4 rows form one group, 6 groups are arranged, the sowing width is 3.6m, the inter-group spacing is adjusted to be 24cm, the inter-group wheat row spacing is 12cm, the hole spacing is 6.2cm, 7.2 ten thousand holes per mu are formed, 2-3 seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and 1 drip irrigation tape is laid between 2 middle rows in each group for irrigation in the growing period.
4) Artificial (or unmanned) pollination. During the period of pollen scattering of the pollen of the restoring line (male parent), a special person is in 10-12 am every day, and at 16-18 pm, the pollen is driven for 2 times by an electric blower or an unmanned aerial vehicle (the flying height is 1.5-2.5 m away from the top end of the wheat ear layer, the flying distance is 2.5-4 m, and the flying speed is 3.0-5.0 m/s), and the pollen is continuously carried out for 7 days, so that the pollination of the sterile line is facilitated, and the outcrossing maturing rate is improved.
5) And (5) mechanically harvesting. In the mature period of wheat, the seeds are harvested by a grain harvesting mechanical device such as a wheat combine harvester, wherein hybrid seeds produced by the female parent sterile line are mainly used, a small part of parent seeds produced by the male parent restorer line are used, and the purity of the obtained seeds is generally not lower than 96%.
In specific implementation, the method also comprises a seed production isolation step after the step 3) and before the step 4); or the steps of seed production isolation and chemical control are sequentially included after the step 3) and before the step 4); the chemical control comprises the following steps: 300mg/L and 150mg/L chlormequat chloride are respectively sprayed in the wheat turning period and the wheat jointing period.
As shown in fig. 3-13, the aforementioned 24-row wheat precision hill-drop pipe-laying seeder is selected from the prior art, and specifically includes a plurality of hill-drop planters 5 and a plurality of rows of drill racks, wherein the drill racks are mounted with a plurality of rotary hill-drop planters 5, the hill-drop planters 5 include a plurality of precision seed-taking devices 6, a plurality of flaky sowing movable hole mouths 12, a plurality of buried fixed hole mouths 13, a vertically arranged rotating wheel 7, two vertically arranged stationary discs 8, a vertically arranged rotating disc 9 and a horizontally arranged main fixed shaft 10, wherein: the precision seed taking device 6 comprises a horizontally arranged rotating block 601, a horizontally arranged long strip-shaped fixed base 605, a horizontally arranged long strip-shaped seed taking nest block 606 and a limiting channel; the top surface of the rotating block 601 is provided with a plurality of through grooves 602 arranged along the length direction of the rotating block 601, one side of the seed taking nest block 606 is hinged with one side of the rotating block 601 and faces the through grooves 602, the heights of the groove bottoms of the through grooves 602 from one end close to the seed taking nest block 606 to one end far away from the seed taking nest block 606 are sequentially reduced, and the bottom surface of the rotating block 601 is provided with the limiting channel for limiting seeds to move along one direction; the rotating angle of the rotating block 601 along the seed taking nest block 606 is less than 40 degrees, and a plurality of seed taking concave holes 607 arranged at intervals are arranged on one side of the seed taking nest block 606, which is back to the through groove 602; the top surface of the fixed base 605 is detachably connected with the bottom surface of the seed taking nest block 606; the two sides of the rotating wheel 7 are both provided with a fixed disk 8 which is coaxial with the rotating wheel 7, the inner wall of the rotating wheel 7 is provided with a plurality of openings 701 along the circumferential direction of the rotating wheel 7, the outer wall of the rotating wheel 7 is provided with a plurality of soil-entering hole-defining nozzles 13 which are in one-to-one correspondence with the openings 701 and are communicated with each other, the minimum length of diagonal connecting lines of the openings 701 is the same as the aperture of the seed-taking concave hole 607, and the rotating wheel 7 is internally provided with the main fixed shaft 10 and is coaxial with the main fixed shaft 10; the outer walls of the two fixed disks 8 are respectively sleeved with the rotating disks 9 in a sliding mode, the outer walls of the rotating disks 9 are respectively detachably connected with the two side walls of the rotating wheel 7, the two fixed disks 8 are both detachably connected with the main fixing shaft 10, and at least one fixed disk 8 is provided with a feeding hole 802; the plurality of the sowing movable hole nozzles 12 are fixed on the plurality of the soil-entering fixed hole nozzles 13 one by one and used for opening or closing the soil-entering fixed hole nozzles 13; the plurality of precision seed metering devices 6 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the rotating wheel 7 and are sequentially abutted against each other, and the fixed bases 605 of the plurality of precision seed metering devices 6 are all fixed on the inner wall of the rotating wheel 7; the minimum distance between two baffles 608 of each of the plurality of precision seed metering devices 6 is respectively in one-to-one correspondence with and communicated with the plurality of openings 701, and the through groove 602 of any one precision seed metering device 6 is in one-to-one correspondence with the seed metering concave hole 607 of another adjacent precision seed metering device 6; when any one of the precision seed metering devices 6 is positioned at the lowest position on the rotating wheel 7, the through grooves 602 of the precision seed metering device 6 are communicated with the seed metering concave holes 607 of the other adjacent precision seed metering device 6 one by one; when any one of the precision seed metering devices 6 is positioned between the highest position and one half of the highest position on the rotating wheel 7, the through groove 602 of the precision seed metering device 6 moves along with the rotating block 601 under the action of gravity, and the limit channel of the precision seed metering device 6 is communicated with the seed metering concave hole 607 of the other adjacent precision seed metering device 6.
Two ends of the main fixing shaft 10 penetrate through the two fixed disks 8 and are located outside the rotating wheel 7, two ends of the main fixing shaft 10 are detachably connected with the two fixed disks 8 through fixing bolts 11, and the fixing bolts 11 are located outside the rotating wheel 7.
The multirow drill barrow frame includes horizontal first crossbeam 101, a plurality of horizontal second crossbeam 102, horizontal third crossbeam 103, a plurality of horizontal longerons 105, fixation clamp 17, L type fixation strip 1701, seed box 1702 and inlet pipe 1703, wherein: the longitudinal beams 105 are arranged in parallel, the first cross beam 101, the second cross beams 102 and the third cross beam 103 are sequentially arranged between any two adjacent longitudinal beams 105 arranged at intervals, the end parts of the first ends of any two adjacent longitudinal beams 105 arranged at intervals are respectively and fixedly connected with two ends of the first cross beam 101, the second ends of any two adjacent longitudinal beams 105 arranged at intervals are respectively and fixedly connected with two ends of the third cross beam 103, and two opposite sides of any two adjacent longitudinal beams 105 arranged at intervals are respectively and fixedly connected with two ends of the second cross beams 102; at least one hill planter 5 is positioned in a frame consisting of a plurality of second cross beams 102, a plurality of third cross beams 103 and a plurality of longitudinal beams 105, and a main fixed shaft 10 positioned outside the rotating wheel 7 in any one hill planter 5 is fixedly connected with the middle part of the L-shaped fixed strip 1701; the vertical end of the L-shaped fixing strip 1701 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the seed box 1702, and the horizontal end of the L-shaped fixing strip 1701 is fixedly connected with the fixing clamp 17; the fixing clamp 17 is fixedly connected with any one of the second cross beam 102 or the third cross beam 103; the seed box 1702 is located above the rotating wheel 7, and the seed box 1702 is communicated with the feed port 1002 through an inlet pipe 1703.
The multirow drill barrow frame still includes the branch 1704 and the spring pressure adjustment pole 1705 of slope setting, wherein: the top end of the fixed frame 17 is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the supporting rod 1704, the top end of the supporting rod 1704 is detachably connected with the top end of the spring pressure adjusting rod 1705, and the bottom end of the spring pressure adjusting rod 1705 is detachably connected with the outer wall of the fixed disc 8.
Still include support 106, bearing frame 107, the vertical ridging board 3 that sets up, second connecting rod 301 and press roller 302, wherein: the bottom walls of the first ends of the longitudinal beams 105 are all fixedly provided with the brackets 106, and the bearing seats 107 are all fixedly arranged on the brackets 106; at least one of the pressing rollers 302 is arranged between any two adjacent bearing seats 107, a rotating shaft of each pressing roller 302 penetrates through the two adjacent bearing seats 107, the ridge-forming plates 3 are arranged on one side of each pressing roller 302, and the pressing rollers 302 and the ridge-forming plates 3 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner; any one side of the ridging plate 3 is fixedly connected with the first cross beam 101 through the second connecting rod 301, and any one bottom end of the ridging plate 3 is shallow into the ground.
Spacing passageway includes the balancing weight 603 of two relative settings and the baffle 608 of two vertical settings, wherein: the top surfaces of the two balancing weights 603 are fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the rotating block 601 and are respectively located at two sides of the rotating block 601, the two balancing weights 603 are respectively fixedly connected with one side of the two baffles 608, and the distance between the two balancing weights 603 is larger than the distance between any two seed taking concave holes 607; the top surfaces of the two baffles 608 are fixed on the bottom surface of the rotating block 601, the two baffles 608 are arranged at intervals, one side, far away from the balancing weight 603, of the two baffles 608 is abutted to one side of the fixed base 605, and the distance between the two baffles 608 is reduced from one side, close to the balancing weight 603, to one side, far away from the balancing weight 603.
Get kind of nest piece 606 one side with one side of turning block 601 is articulated through bolt 604, just the cover is equipped with the torsional spring on the bolt 604, the both ends of torsional spring respectively with get kind of nest piece 606 with the relative one side fixed connection of turning block 601.
At least one stationary disk 8 is further provided with an inspection opening 801 and a discharge opening 803, said inspection opening 801 being located near the highest of said stationary disk 8, said discharge opening 803 being located near the lowest of said stationary disk 8, said feed opening 802 being located between said inspection opening 801 and said discharge opening 803.
The rotating disc 9 with be equipped with the bearing between the stationary disk 8, the fixed cover of inner wall of bearing is established on the outer wall of stationary disk 8, the outer wall fixed cover of bearing is equipped with the rotating disc 9.
Still include a plurality of first connecting rod 201 and a plurality of shallow device of burying, wherein: the first connecting rods 201 are respectively arranged below the first cross beams 101; the shallow buried devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the first connecting rods 201 and are respectively fixedly connected with the first cross beam 101 through the first connecting rods 201, and the shallow buried devices are used for burying the hoses in the ground.
The shallow buried device is a mitsubishi-shaped shallow buried block 2, an acute angle of the shallow buried block 2 faces the first cross beam 101, two opposite fixing plates extend towards the direction far away from the first cross beam 101 from two sides of the shallow buried block 2, a horizontally arranged fixing column is fixedly arranged between the fixing plates, and the fixing column and one side, opposite to the shallow buried block 2, of the fixing column are arranged at intervals.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a seed production method for three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, which comprises the following steps:
a, determining seed production combination and seed mixing proportion. The three-line hybrid wheat variety Xindong No. 43 (AL18A X99 AR144-1) is bred by Xinjiang agricultural reclamation academy of sciences, and is approved and named in autonomous region (province) in 2013. The natural outcrossing rate of the sterile line AL18A measured for 3 consecutive years is 65% on average, and Table 1 shows the seed production purity and seed production yield results of the cell mixed seeding test. As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the mixed sowing seed production increases the yield compared with the row production of the control (ck), the yield increase amplitude increases with the increase of the mixed sowing ratio, but the purity of the hybrid F1 seed decreases in a gradient manner with the increase of the mixed sowing ratio. When the seed mixing ratio is 3-6%, the purity of the F1 seed can basically reach more than about 96% (rounding off), but considering the seed production yield, the seed mixing ratio is preferably 5%, and the seeding rate is 10kg/666.7m2And seed production is carried out in the field.
TABLE 1 calculation of seed purity of sterile line according to 60% natural outcrossing rate and test seed number
Note: the grain number of sterile line is sterile line harvest ear x 24 grains/ear (sterile line 60% outcrossing seed setting rate measurement), the grain number of restorer line is restorer line harvest ear x 46 grains/ear (restorer line ear grain number), the purity of F1 seed is sterile line grain number divided by total grain number x 100
b seeding mode adopts mode 2 a. 9.5kg of sterile line AL18A seeds are accurately weighed according to the seeding quantity per mu and the mixed seed proportion, and 0.5kg of restorer line 99AR144-1 seeds are weighed according to the mixed seed proportion of 5 percent of male parent. Dividing the sterile line AL18A seed into two equal parts, adding the weighed restorer line seed into one sterile line seed, mixing well, and the other part is pure sterile line seed. The seeds mixed with the restorer line are added into the middle 2 rows of seed boxes of each group, and the pure sterile line seeds are added into the 2 side rows of seed boxes.
c, adjusting the seeding parameters of the precision hill planter. A24-row (with a seeding width of 3.6m) precision hole-sowing seeder integrates 4 rows of seedbed leveling, ridging, sowing and pressing into a whole, and the total number of the rows is 6. A hill planter with the distance between every two holes of 3 seeds at 6.2cm and 7.2 ten thousand holes per mu is selected, the planting depth is 3cm, and 22 ten thousand seeds (the weight of a thousand seeds is 50g, about 10 kg) are planted per mu. 4 rows are sowed in each group of seedbeds, the distance between every two seedling rows is 12cm, the drip irrigation tape is laid between every two seedling beds, and the distance between every two seedling beds is 24 cm. The rate of emergence in the field is 90 percent, and the number of seedlings per mu is about 20 ten thousand.
d, seed production and isolation. No wheat in the range of 100 meters around the seed production field is selected as a safe isolation area to prevent biological mixing caused by exogenous wheat pollen drift.
e, chemical control. 300mg/L and 150mg/L chlormequat chloride are respectively sprayed in the wheat turning period and the wheat jointing period for chemical control, and the water and fertilizer operation management is slightly higher than that of a production field.
And f, artificial (or unmanned aerial vehicle) supplementary pollination. In the flowering period of the male parent, an electric blower or an unmanned aerial vehicle (the flying height is 2.0m away from the top end of the wheat ear layer, the flying distance is 3m, and the flying speed is 5.0m/s) is manually adopted for carrying out auxiliary pollination every 10-12 am and 16-18 pm (the natural wind power is less than 4 levels), and the pollination is continuously carried out for 7 days, so that the maturing rate of the sterile line is favorably improved. The flowering phase investigated the distribution of the restorer lines in the female parent.
And g, after the male parent seeds are mature, surveying the outcrossing seed setting rate of the sterile line before harvesting. The hybrid seeds are harvested by a wheat combine harvester in a mixed manner, and the harvested hybrid seeds are cleaned and stored.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a seed production method for three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing, which comprises the following steps:
a, determining seed production combination and seed mixing proportion. The three-line hybrid wheat strong-dominance hybrid combination (AL36A X99 AR142-1) is selected by Xinjiang agricultural reclamation academy of sciences. The parent of the strain is: sterile line AL36A, and restorer line 99AR 142-1. The sterile line AL36A measures the natural outcrossing rate to be 93% averagely and the restoring line to be 5% in the continuous 5 years, and carries out precision hole sowing seed production in the test net room.
b seeding mode adopts mode 2 b. Accurately weighing 6.65kg of sterile line AL36A seeds according to the seeding quantity per mu and the mixed seed proportion, and weighing 0.35kg of restorer line 99AR144-1 seeds according to the mixed seed proportion of 5 percent of male parent. Dividing sterile line AL36A seed into two parts, adding weighed restorer line seed into one sterile line seed, mixing well, and the other part is pure sterile line seed. The seeds mixed with the restorer line are added into each group of 2 side-row seed boxes, and the pure sterile line seeds are added into 2 middle-row seed boxes.
c, adjusting the seeding parameters of the precision hill planter. The 4 rows of the 12-row (the sowing width is 1.8m) precision hole sowing seeder used for seed production in the plot are 3 groups in total. A hill planter with the distance between every two holes of 2 seeds is selected, the distance between every two holes is 6.2cm, every mu of land is 7.2 ten thousand holes, the planting depth is 3cm, and every mu of land is planted with 14 ten thousand seeds (the weight of a thousand seeds is 50g, about 7 kg). 4 rows are sowed in each group of seedbeds, the distance between every two seedling rows is 12cm, the drip irrigation tape is laid between the middle rows, the distance between the two seedbeds is 24cm, the field emergence rate is 90%, and about 12 ten thousand seedlings per mu are basically planted.
d, seed production and isolation. And a plastic greenhouse film (commercially available, which is a greenhouse film with the width of 3m) is covered on the net room for safe isolation, so that biological mixing caused by the drift of exogenous wheat pollen is prevented.
e, artificial supplementary pollination. In the flowering period of the male parent, an electric blower is manually adopted to carry out artificial supplementary pollination every morning at 10-12 hours and afternoon at 16-18 hours (natural wind power is less than 4 level), and the pollination is continuously carried out for 7 days, so that the maturing rate of the sterile line is favorably improved. The flowering phase investigated the distribution of the restorer lines in the female parent.
f, after the male parent seeds are mature, investigating the outcrossing seed setting rate of the sterile line before harvesting. The hybrid seeds are harvested by a wheat combine harvester in a mixed manner, and the harvested hybrid seeds are cleaned and stored.
According to the invention, a precise hole sowing method is adopted, on the premise of mixing low-proportion restorer line seeds, the mixed restorer line seeds are precisely distributed in the seed production rows, the distance between each seed hole is consistent, so that the distance between each male parent plant and a female parent plant is closer, the spatial distribution of wheat individuals and populations is uniform, the growth and development processes are the same, the development between tillering ears and main stem ears of the male parent and the female parent is basically consistent, the female parent sterile line is in close full contact with pollen of the male parent at the flowering stage of the male parent, the outcrossing seed setting rate of the female parent is improved, the seed production purity is ensured, the high seed production yield is obtained, and the seed production cost is reduced.
The invention is not only used for the AL type three-line wheat hybrid seed production work, but also can be used for the seed production work of different types of hybrid wheat (such as two-line hybrid wheat).
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
The features of the invention claimed and/or described in the specification may be combined, and are not limited to the combinations set forth in the claims by the recitations therein. The technical solutions obtained by combining the technical features in the claims and/or the specification also belong to the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A seed production method of three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mixing at least two rows of the multiple rows of sterile lines into a restorer line;
2) setting precision hole sowing parameters: the sowing width is 1.8-4.2 m, the sowing speed is 4 rows, 1 group is formed, the group interval is 18-24 cm, the wheat row interval in the group is 12-18 cm, the hole distance is 5.2-6.2 cm, 7.2-8.5 ten thousand holes are formed in each mu, 1-5 seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and 1 drip irrigation tape is laid between the rows of the middle row in each group;
3) auxiliary pollination;
4) and (5) mechanically harvesting.
2. The method for producing seeds of three-line hybrid wheat by precision hole sowing according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the sterile line and the restorer line meet at the flowering phase.
3. The method for producing seeds of three-line hybrid wheat by precision hole sowing according to claim 2, wherein the sterile line and the restorer line are strong-vigor hybrid combinations meeting in flowering phase.
4. The method for producing seeds of three-line hybrid wheat by precision hole sowing according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the natural outcrossing seed setting rate of the sterile line is more than 60%.
5. The method for producing seeds of three-line hybrid wheat by precision hole sowing according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the average mixing proportion of the restorer line is 3-6%.
6. The method for producing seeds of three-line hybrid wheat by precision hole sowing according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the average mixing proportion of the restorer line is 4-5%.
7. The seed production method of the three-line hybrid wheat precision hole sowing according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the parameters of the precision hole sowing are as follows: the sowing width is 1.8-4.2 m, the sowing speed is 4 rows 1 group, the group spacing is 18-24 cm, the wheat row spacing in the group is 12-18 cm, the hole spacing is 5.2-6.2 cm, 7.2-8.5 ten thousand holes per mu, 1-5 seeds are sowed in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and 1 drip irrigation tape is laid between the rows of the middle row in each group.
8. The method for producing seeds of three-line hybrid wheat by precision hole sowing according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the supplementary pollination is artificial or unmanned aerial vehicle supplementary pollination.
9. The method for producing seeds of three-line hybrid wheat by precision hole sowing according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), the mechanical harvesting is performed by using grain harvesting machinery.
10. The method for producing seeds of three-line hybrid wheat by precision hole sowing according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the purity of the seeds obtained by mechanical harvesting is not less than 96%.
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