CN113243244A - Cultivation method for improving setting rate of raspberries aculeatum - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving the setting rate of Rubus chingii Hu, which comprises the following steps: selecting vegetative propagation seedlings of the Rubus chingii Ching as seedling cultivation seedlings of the seed setting trees, and cultivating the seedlings in a nursery land for more than one year before planting; in a cultivation field, planting the raspberry pollination tree and the fructification tree in an interlaced mode or a staggered mode, wherein the pollination tree is a plant with the flowering period consistent with that of the fructification tree obtained through breeding; natural pollination or artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in the flowering period of the fructification trees, and the cultivation land is kept ventilated; cutting off biennial branches of the pollinated tree before the fruit turns yellow from cyan, reserving a base for new germinating branches, cutting off withered and dead fruit main branches from the base after the fruitage of the pollinated tree is ripe, turns red and is picked, and reserving 2-3 basal germinating main branches in the current year per cluster. The method provided by the invention not only realizes the great improvement of the fructification rate of the raspberry with few thorn leaves, but also ensures that the fruit development is good, and the length, width and weight average of single fruit are better than those of the raspberry with common palm leaves.

Description

Cultivation method for improving setting rate of raspberries aculeatum

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the setting rate of Rubus chingii Hu.

Background

Rubus chingii Chi is a shrub of Rubus of Rosaceae, the nearly mature dry fruit of Rubus is a common Chinese medicine, has effects of invigorating kidney, arresting spontaneous emission and reducing urination, and can be used for treating kidney deficiency enuresis, frequent micturition, sexual impotence premature ejaculation, spermatorrhea and other diseases, and is the only Rubus chingii Chi which can be used as medicine in Chinese pharmacopoeia of 194 Rubus chingii. The ripe fruit is red, sour, sweet and delicious, is rich in amino acids, vitamins and various trace elements necessary for human body, and is popular with people. The common rubus chingii fruit has complete medical and edible functions, but the whole plant is densely covered by skin thorn, which brings inconvenience to production management. However, the raspberries fraxinifolia have the advantages of fewer skin thorns and only basal part of raspberries fraxinifolia grows, but the problems of poor development, low yield and the like of pure forest planted fruits exist, so that the good variety popularization of raspberries fraxinifolia meets the bottleneck, and the cultivation method needs to be improved urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving the setting rate of Rubus chingii Hemsl, which solves the problems of poor fruit development and low setting rate of Rubus chingii Hemsl, improves the setting rate and improves the fruit development condition.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the setting rate of Rubus chingii Hemsl, the cultivation method comprising: selecting vegetative propagation seedlings of the Rubus chingii Ching as seedling cultivation seedlings of the seed setting trees, and cultivating the seedlings in a nursery land for more than one year before planting; in a cultivation field, planting the raspberry pollination tree and the fructification tree in an interlaced mode or a staggered mode, wherein the pollination tree is a plant with the flowering period consistent with that of the fructification tree obtained through breeding; natural pollination or artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in the flowering period of the fructification trees, and the cultivation land is kept ventilated; the method is characterized in that biennial branches of the pollinated tree are cut off before the fruit turns yellow from cyan, new germinating branches are reserved, withered and dead main branches are cut off from the base after the fruit of the pollinated tree is ripe, red and picked, and 2-3 basal germinating main branches in the current year are reserved.

Preferably, the flowering phase is from the initial flowering phase to the full flowering phase.

Preferably, the pollen viability index in the flowering period reaches over 75%.

Preferably, the interval between the seedlings of the fructification tree and the seedlings of the pollinated tree which are planted in an interlaced or staggered mode is 100-200 cm.

Preferably, the staggered planting comprises staggered interval 1 planting and staggered interval 2 planting.

Preferably, supplementary pollination is carried out by combining artificial supplementary pollination with the adoption of bees and harmless pollination type insects.

The cultivation method for improving the setting rate of the Rubus chingii Hemsl leaves solves the problems of poor fruit development and setting rate of the Rubus chingii Hemsl leaves, and has the following advantages:

the invention relates to a method for planting rubus chingii hance, which is characterized in that the current series problems of poor fruit development, low yield and the like are difficult to solve, the pollination rubus chingii hance pollen is subjected to artificial hybridization on the rubus chingii hance in the flowering period by changing the planting and management modes, the setting rate is greatly improved, the natural pollination setting rate is improved to more than 80% from 44.4%, the fruit quality is improved while the setting rate is improved by changing the planting mode and the pollination mode, the setting rate cannot be improved by bagging self-pollination and pure forest emasculation natural pollination, the emasculation bagging same-variety and different-plant pollination setting rate can be improved to 64.4%, but the single fruit weight is still lower than that of the common rubus chingii hance. The method for planting and pollinating the special plants at intervals in a mixed mode not only greatly improves the maturing rate to 86.3 percent, but also improves the utilization efficiency of the raspberry with few thorn type palmleaf fruits, and the fruits are good in development, and the length, the width and the weight average of the single fruits are better than those of the raspberry with common palmleaf fruits.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of alternate planting of Rubus chingii Miq and pollinator trees in an interlaced manner.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the planting of Rubus chingii Miq and pollinator in staggered interval of 1 plant.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the planting of Rubus chingii Miq and pollinator in staggered 2-plant spacing mode.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the 6 growth stages of the Rubus chingii Hayata of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows the vitality of pollen grains of Raspberry of the present invention at different growth stages.

FIG. 6 shows the fruiting status of Rubus chingii Miq of the present invention in different cultivation modes and pollination modes.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1 pollen viability assay and stigma granting assay

1. Morphological observation of growth stage

The test site is located in a rubus chingii (called junguo locally) plantation of Paliu rubi in Huaqiao county, Pujiang county, Jinhua city, Zhejiang province. The Zhejiang Jinqu thoroughfare basin has moderate fertility and relative water content of 66.53%. Subtropical monsoon climate, high temperature and raininess in summer, and mild and raininess in winter.

In late 3 months in 2019, in a bramble raspberry plantation in Pujiang county of Zhejiang province, the growth process of the flower of the bramble raspberry from the bud stage to the end flower stage is observed, and the flower is divided into 6 growth stages according to different flower forms, the expansion state of stamens, whether anthers crack and pollen spill (see figure 4). In the morning of fine weather, flowers without diseases and normally developing are picked according to the design requirements of a test scheme to collect pollen, 30 flowers are picked in each period, and the steps are repeated for three times. After being picked, the flowers are placed in an ice bag of a collection box for low-temperature storage, and are taken back to a laboratory for pollen activity determination and stigma receptivity detection of the flowers in the same period at different periods.

As shown in fig. 4, 6 growth periods of the brazilian palm leaf pot flower are respectively:

(a) in the bud stage, the bud just grows, the stamen is closed, the anther is not cracked, and the pollen is not scattered;

(b) in the bud stage, the petals begin to grow, the stamens are closed, the anthers are not cracked, and the pollen is not scattered;

(c) in the bud period, the petals continuously grow and are not unfolded, stamens are closed, anthers are not cracked, and pollen is not scattered;

(d) in the initial flowering period, the buds are expanded and are about to open, the petals are not completely unfolded, stamens are slightly expanded, anthers are partially cracked, and pollen is scattered;

(e) in full-bloom stage, the flower is just opened, the petals are completely unfolded, the stamens are unfolded, the anthers are cracked, and pollen is scattered;

(f) at the end of the flowering period, the flower is completely opened, the petals are completely unfolded, the stamens are completely unfolded, the anthers are completely cracked, and the pollen is completely scattered.

2. Pollen viability and stigma receptivity assay

(1) Determination of pollen viability

The activity of the pollen is determined by adopting a TTC staining method: placing a small amount of pollen on a glass slide, dripping 1-2 drops of TTC (2,3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) solution, uniformly stirring with tweezers, covering a cover glass, placing the glass slide into a culture dish filled with wet paper, standing in a thermostat at 35 ℃ for 20min, and performing microscopic examination. Randomly observing 5 visual fields, counting the number of the pollen in each visual field to be not less than 50, counting the number of the stained pollen and the total number of the pollen, and counting the pollen vitality. The successful dyeing means that the pollen is alive, the pollen vitality is represented by the dyeing depth, the pollen grains with stronger vitality are red, the pollen grains with weak vitality are light red, and the pollen without vitality or sterile pollen is not dyed.

Pollen viability ═ stained pollen count/total pollen count x 100%

(2) Stigma receptivity assay

The column head permissibility was determined by the benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method: the stigma of different growth periods was taken and immersed in a 5mL centrifuge tube containing a benzidine-hydrogen peroxide reaction solution. If the stigma has the permissibility, bubbles appear, and the permissibility size of the stigma can be qualitatively judged according to the amount of the bubbles.

The volume ratio of the benzidine-hydrogen peroxide reaction solution is 1% of benzidine, 3% of hydrogen peroxide and water is 4: 11: 22.

(3) Pollen viability and stigma receptivity results of Saururus sibiricus at different periods

As shown in Table 1 below, the pollen viability and stigma pollination results of the Rubus chingii Hemsl at different stages are shown in FIG. 5, the pollen viability at different growth stages is shown (a: small bud stage, b: middle bud stage, c: large bud stage, d: first blossom stage, e: full blossom stage, f: last blossom stage), and the pollen of the Rubus chingii Hemsl at different growth stages has viability and the stigma pollination results except for the small bud stage by combining FIGS. 4 and 5 and Table 1. Along with the growth and development process of flowers, the pollen activity gradually increases from 25.60% in the small bud stage to 44.53% in the large bud stage, then sharply increases to 81.82% in the initial flower stage, the pollen activity in the full-bloom stage is 77.55%, and then rapidly decreases to 19.14% in the final flower stage. The flowers of the raspberries have stigmatic competence except in the bud period; the ability of stigma to teach sex is continuously enhanced along with the growth and development of flowers, the strongest ability of stigmation is achieved in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period, and the ability of stigma to teach sex is slightly reduced in the final flowering period, but the stigmation also has strong ability of teaching.

TABLE 1 pollen viability and stigma receptivity results of Raspberry of lesser spiny type at different periods

Note a: "-" indicates that the stigma is not permissive; "+" indicates permissibility; "+ +" indicates stronger permissibility; "+ + + +" indicates the strongest writability;

b, note: the upper lower case letters indicate the significance of the difference at the 0.05 level for the different treatments.

Although most of pollen and stigma have activity in different growth stages, significant differences exist among the stages. The combination of pollen activity and stigma receptivity can be known to reach higher levels in the early flowering stage d and the full flowering stage e. Therefore, the raspberry with the palmleaf buds subjected to artificial hybridization and supplementary pollination is suitable for the raspberry with the palmleaf buds subjected to artificial hybridization and supplementary pollination in the period from the initial flowering stage to the full flowering stage.

Example 2 Studies of fructification Properties of Raspberry leaves of lesser spiny type

The test position is in a planting garden of the Sharpleaf palmleaf raspberry in Pujiang county, pure forest and mixed forest of 667 square meters are respectively selected, and the conditions of the field are completely consistent. And selecting plants with good flowering and large flower amount from the raspberries with few thorn leaves planted in a test field for testing. The tested plants have good growth situation and water and fertilizer conditions, and the site conditions are completely consistent with daily management measures.

1. Different cultivation modes and pollination modes

Taking the pure forest of the Rubus chingii Hance as a Control (CK), carrying out different pollination modes and fructification rate influence tests under different cultivation modes of pure forest and interval mixed crossing on the Rubus chingii Hance by taking naturally pollinated fruits planted in the pure forest as a Control (CK), wherein different treatment modes are shown in a table 2, except for E, 30 flowers are fertilized in each group and repeated for three times, and 20 flowers are observed in each group and repeated for three times.

TABLE 2 bearing test treatment method for cultivation method and pollination method

The whole process of pollination comprises emasculation, pollination, bagging, label hanging, bag picking and fruit picking in sequence until the fruit is mature and the statistics is carried out. And selecting healthy and plump flowers to perform related operations in the morning with fine weather according to the test scheme. Processing CK and directly hanging a label on a plant in a pure forest test field; b, treating A, selecting flowers in a bud stage, and bagging the flowers until the initial fruit stage; c, selecting flowers in the bud stage to be emasculated, and pollinating timely; b, D the pollination test needs to be carried out by selecting flowers in the early flowering phase in the afternoon before the formal pollination so as to avoid the influence of selfing on the test result caused by early dehiscence of anthers, and the stigma is prevented from being polluted by covering a sulfuric acid paper bag after emasculation, and the pollination is carried out according to the parent combination designed by different mating in the morning on the second day. E, the treatment is mixed planting of the stabbing-less type and pollination plants, and natural pollination. When in artificial pollination, pollen is directly touched or shaken off on the stigmas of the emasculated pistillaries, and the situation that the pistil stigmas are adhered with pollen grains is observed. Bagging is carried out again after pollination, and the pollination parents and the pollination time are marked. And 7 days after pollination, removing the bags after the flower columns wither and lose the re-pollination ability, carrying out normal maintenance management and regularly observing the fruit development condition.

2. Fruit harvest and fruiting statistics

After fruits ripen in 6 months, the fruit setting rate of each treatment is counted, corresponding fruit numbers are picked, the fruits are placed into a 50mL centrifuge tube to be stored at low temperature, the properties of each fruit are measured in a laboratory, the fruits treated at different temperatures are dried to constant weight after measurement, crushed, sieved by a 60-mesh sieve, and stored in a dryer for later use.

Set percentage as fruiting number (flowers)/pollination flower number (flowers) × 100%.

The fruit width, length and aspect ratio measuring method comprises the following specific steps:

fruit width (mm): measuring the widest distance of the fruit by using a vernier caliper;

fruit length (mm): measuring the distance from the top to the bottom of the fruit by using a vernier caliper;

fruit aspect ratio-fruit length/fruit width.

The data was processed using Microsoft Office Excel 2019 software, and multiple comparisons were performed using the sps 23.0 statistical software. The multiple comparison uses a Duncan multiple range test method with a single factor significance coefficient of 0.05, and all test data are analyzed on the same dimension.

3. Fructification fruit of Rubus chingii Miq different cultivation modes and pollination modes

As can be seen from Table 3, the setting rate of the pure forest CK of the Rubus chingii Chun is only 44.4% in the natural condition, and the setting rates of the self-flower bag A and the emasculation non-bag C are both 21.1% at the lowest. The method shows that the raspberries fraxinifolia have selfing fructification to a certain degree, but the bagging isolates external pollination, and the pollination success rate is reduced. Meanwhile, the maturing rate of emasculation without bagging is reduced, which indicates that the attraction of the emasculated flowers to pollinating insects is also reduced. After the artificial supplementary pollination B of the cross-plant same variety flowers is carried out, the maturing rate can be improved to 64.4 percent, which shows that under the natural condition, the incomplete pollination phenomenon exists when the raspberries frayed with palmleaf raspberry spread pollen, and the maturing rate can be improved by carrying out the artificial supplementary pollination. In a hybridization test, namely D, E treatment, in which the Rubus chingii Hance is taken as a female parent and different pollinated Rubus chingii Hance is taken as a male parent, the setting rate is as high as 83.3-86.6%, which is about one time of CK setting rate of pure forest natural pollination, which shows that the setting rate of the Rubus chingii Hance can be improved by a hybridization technology, the setting requirement can be met by a cultivation means of interval mixed planting, and meanwhile, if special pollen artificial hybridization pollination is carried out, special heterosis can be shown, and a better setting effect can be obtained.

TABLE 3 fructification rates of Raspberry with lesser thorn type in different pollination modes and cultivation modes

Note: lower case letters in the table indicate the differential significance at the 0.05 level for the different treatments.

As is clear from Table 4, the fruit weight of Rubus chingii pure forest CK is only 1.83g in natural state, and the fruit development is incomplete. The self-flower bagging (A) and the emasculation non-bagging (C) have lower setting rate than CK, the fruit development is more incomplete, and the fruit development is reduced to about 1 g; after cross-plant and same-variety flower pollination (B), the fruit development is relatively good, and the weight of a single fruit is 4.04g, which shows that the yield of the raspberry with few spine type leaves is improved by utilizing an artificial supplementary pollination means; and (4) after the raspberry with the downy thorn type palmleaf is hybridized and pollinated (female parent and downy thorn type x male common pollen) D, the weight of a single fruit reaches 6.14g, and the fruit is completely developed. After the raspberry with the palmleaf and the pollenizer is hybridized (male parent and female parent pollenizer) E, the weight of a single fruit reaches 6.31 g.

TABLE 4 fruit trait results for different pollination modes and cultivation modes

Lower case letters in the table indicate the differential significance at the 0.05 level for the different treatments.

As can be seen from tables 3 and 4 and FIG. 6, the fructification rate and the fruit quality of the raspberries with few thorns are significantly different in different cultivation modes and pollination modes. The fructification rates of the low-thorn self-flower bagging pollination A and the pure forest emasculation natural pollination C are both low and are 21.10%, and the average single fruit weight is 1.03g and 0.91g respectively; the average seed setting rate and the average fruit weight of the cross pollination D reach 83.30 percent and 6.14 g; the artificial supplementary pollination of the same variety of the different plants can improve the maturing rate and the single fruit weight to a certain degree, the average maturing rate is 64.4 percent, and the average single fruit weight is 4.04 g. The average seed setting rate of the CK in natural pollination of pure forest is only 44.4%, the average single fruit weight is 1.83g, and the characters of length, width and the like of the fruit show that the fruit is not completely developed at the moment; the average seed setting rate of the pollinated palmleaf raspberry plants and the spiny type alternate mixed planting E is up to 86.6 percent, the average single fruit weight is up to 6.31g, and the fruits are completely developed. The specific pollination plant is configured in the planting process of the Rubus chingii Hemsl, so that the maturing rate and the fruit quality can be greatly improved.

The fruit characters of three planting modes of cross pollination D of the Rubus chingii Hance, artificial auxiliary pollination B of the same variety and different plants and interval mixed planting E of pollination special plants are compared with the common planting mode, the results are shown in figure 6 and table 4, and the fruit setting rate and the fruit shape are greatly improved and improved through artificial pollination hybridization with the Rubus chingii Hance and interval mixed planting with the pollination plants, and the fruit setting rate and the fruit shape are obviously superior to those of the Rubus chingii Hance, and the single fruit weight is more than that of the fruit of the Rubus chingii Hance of the common planting type by more than 1.00 g. The artificial supplementary pollination is beneficial to improving the setting rate and fruiting state of the Rubus chingii Hance.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.

Claims (6)

1. A cultivation method for improving the fructification rate of Rubus chingii Hu is characterized by comprising the following steps:

selecting vegetative propagation seedlings of the Rubus chingii Ching as seedling cultivation seedlings of the seed setting trees, and cultivating the seedlings in a nursery land for more than one year before planting;

in a cultivation field, planting the raspberry pollination tree and the fructification tree in an interlaced mode or a staggered mode, wherein the pollination tree is a plant with the flowering period consistent with that of the fructification tree obtained through breeding;

natural pollination or artificial supplementary pollination is carried out in the flowering period of the fructification trees, and the cultivation land is kept ventilated;

the method is characterized in that biennial branches of the pollinated tree are cut off before the fruit turns yellow from cyan, new germinating branches are reserved, withered and dead main branches are cut off from the base after the fruit of the pollinated tree is ripe, red and picked, and 2-3 basal germinating main branches in the current year are reserved.

2. The cultivation method for increasing the fructification rate of Rubus chingii Hu of claim 1, wherein the flowering stage is from the initial flowering stage to the full flowering stage.

3. The cultivation method for improving the fructification rate of Rubus chingii Hu of claim 1, wherein the pollen viability index in the flowering period is above 75%.

4. The cultivation method for improving the fructification rate of the Rubus chingii Hemsl of claim 1, wherein the spacing between the seedlings of the fructification tree and the pollinated tree which are planted in an interlaced or staggered mode is 100-200 cm.

5. The cultivation method for improving the fruiting rate of Rubus chingii Hu of claim 1, wherein the staggered planting comprises staggered interval 1 planting and staggered interval 2 planting.

6. The cultivation method for improving the fructification rate of the Rubus chingii Hance et Kuntze of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the artificial supplementary pollination is carried out by adopting bees and harmless pollinating insects for supplementary pollination.

Images