CN109644865A - A kind of hybrid wheat selection that achievable restoring gene is cumulative - Google Patents
A kind of hybrid wheat selection that achievable restoring gene is cumulative Download PDFInfo
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- CN109644865A CN109644865A CN201910083203.4A CN201910083203A CN109644865A CN 109644865 A CN109644865 A CN 109644865A CN 201910083203 A CN201910083203 A CN 201910083203A CN 109644865 A CN109644865 A CN 109644865A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
A kind of hybrid wheat selection that achievable restoring gene is cumulative, economical character is excellent, restoring degree is higher (50% or more), and the different material in source is hybridized, convergent cross, realize that restoring gene is cumulative, is increased to 90% or more for restoring degree from narrow recovery resource；It is again female parent by Three-line Hybrid wheat, material is added up as circulation paternal hybrid and repeatedly backcrossing using excellent restoring gene, being bred as character like circulation male parent, male fertile strain is new restorer line；The advantages that new restorer line of incubation improves hybrid wheat cytoplasm, combines conventional wheat stable high yield, high-quality, more anti-and eurytopicity, further excavates and is promoted the Breeding Potential of hybrid wheat；Restorer and sterile line carry out hybrid seeding, Hybridization identification, variety comparative test, regional testing；Create the cross combination of 15% or more hybrid Heterosis over CK.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heterosis utilization technical fields in new crop varieties breeding, and in particular to one kind can be achieved extensive
The cumulative hybrid wheat selection of multiple genes.
Background technique
Both at home and abroad wheat male that the is most study of wheat heterosis use aspects and being utilized in production not
Educate be Wilson and Ross (1962) found have the cytoplasmic T-type sterile line of T timopheevi.Through decades
Research, has achieved impressive progress, but hybrid wheat also fails to push open extensively in production, wherein one of the major reasons, are T-types
The recovery resource of sterile line is few, and it is relatively difficult to cultivate the restorer that a large amount of economical characters are excellent, coordinate force is good.Currently, by small
Hybridization between Mai Yuqi close relative's kind and displacement backcrossing, at least 70 kinds of obtained various types of wheat male sterile lines with
On.In Alloplasmic male sterility type, the overwhelming majority has undesirable cell mass effect, is difficult to answer on hybrid wheat
With.The source for facing type sterile line is to combine wheat distance edge hybrid breeding, selects many common wheats and xenogenesis, belongs to and geographically
Remote edge, kind that ecotype difference is big hybridized.Occur partial sterility strain in A Peng 13/75-1297F1, shows fringe
Shape is fluffy, and anther is tall and thin and sharp, does not crack in falciform is hooked, other characters are without exception, are named as and face type sterile line.The choosing of restorer
It educates and is carried out by the methods of testcross and screening, selection cross, recurrent selection.Many index characters are integrated into a kind
In, difficulty is quite big, first is that the recovery resource of sterile line is narrow；Second is that fertility restorer genetic background is complicated.Restoring force be presented with compared with
Strong quantitative character, during Breeding for restoration lines, restoring force is not easy to stablize, and restoring force difference is very between same generation Different Individual
Greatly, from 0~100%, it is big that this requires breeding populations for luffing performance, continues long from generation to generation, the heavy workload of test cross identification restoring force,
Required time is long.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming the shortcomings of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of hybridization that achievable restoring gene is cumulative is provided
Wheat breeding method, this method can be realized that restoring gene is cumulative from narrow recovery resource, restoring degree mentioned by convergent cross
Height is directly selected to 90% or more, then by three line method wheat, the gamete of aggregate target character and restoring gene, so that simplification is extensive
Multiple genes separation recombination and systematic breeding process, shorten breeding generation, reduce the workload of test cross identification restoring force.
The method of the present invention is that economical character is excellent, restoring degree is higher (50% or more), and the different material group in source is built up
The wheat restorer for integrating character, restoring, breeding restoring force is high and stablizes, the restorer that production of hybrid seeds character is excellent, and group is allotted
It is more than 15% cross combination for production application, hybrid vigour；By the restoring gene in Three-line Hybrid wheat, shift and whole
It closes in excellent conventional wheat genetic background, orientation is bred as the hybridization with higher restoring degree with conventional wheat genetic background
Wheat restorer.
The present invention comprises the concrete steps that:
(1) economical character is excellent, restoring degree is 50% or more and the different material in source, by convergent cross, from narrow
Realize that restoring gene is cumulative, is increased to 90% or more for restoring degree in recovery resource；It adds up breeding F2 generation, uses in restorer
Xgwm95 and Barc61 gene-assisted selection technology selects objective trait；
(2) make female parent with hybrid wheat, the cumulative material of excellent restoring gene is made rotational crossing male parent, hybridized；
(3) it from filial generation selection economical character is similar to male parent, male fertile single plant makees female parent, then is returned with circulation male parent
It is secondary to arrive repeatedly；Thus to obtain economical character, similar to circulation male parent, male fertile BCnF1(is returned the multiple first generation of hybrid)
Material；
(4) character is selfed like circulation male parent, male fertile BCnF1 material, harvest selfing is various at BCnF2 group, flowering
Phase selects the exposed degree of anther high, and pollen amount is big, and the preferable strain of loose powder characteristic is listed, selects economical character in listed strain when mature
It is received like male parent, male fertile single plant list.Wheat fertility restorer is controlled by two pairs of major gene resistances, be respectively positioned in 2A chromosome and
On 1B chromosome, and it is chain with SSR molecular marker Xgwm95 and Barc61 respectively.It harvests each single-strain seed and takes 20, use
Incubator culture seed takes a leaf one heart stage seedling to extract DNA, carries out assisted Selection using SSR molecular marker, selection has small
The single plant of wheat main effect restoring gene Xgwm95 and Barc61.
(5) previous materials plantation BCnF3~BCnF6(is returned the multiple hybrid third generation to the 6th generation) strain is mature
When selection economical character similar circulation male parent, group be neat, male fertile strain, as directive breeding at outstanding recovery
System；The restorer economical character is similar to recurrent parent, and can restore the pollen fertility and Spikelet fertility of male sterile line；It is extensive
It is again to stablize restorer bagging self-pollination setting percentage >=90% in breeding.
The hybrid wheat is to face type cytoplasm or T-type cytoplasm, V-type cytoplasm, K-type cytoplasm.Widely surveying
In friendship, a collection of ideal holding system is selected, these kind full seeds, retentivity is strong, and of short stem, highly resistance three is become rusty, mildew-resistance,
Comprehensive Traits are good, become the key variety in production.
It is characteristic of the invention that being carried out with the conventional wheat kind (being) with certain restoring force, T-type R system, distant hybrid
Single cross, composite-crossing realize that restoring gene is cumulative.Hybridization female parent, Ke Yigao are made using the hybrid wheat of male sterile cytoplasm
The heredity and guidance that efficient monitor restoring gene have the selection of restoring gene individual, to determine that it is effective that selected material carries
Restoring gene.Using orientation backcrossing and selection method, it is small restoring gene efficiently and accurately to be shifted and is integrated into excellent routine
It is bred as new restorer line in wheat genetic background, and it is made substantially to retain the main merit of conventional wheat.To avoid heredity
Many and diverse program needed for engineering shifts restoring gene and expensive expense, while also can avoid traditional breeding method hybridization, self progeny point
From the diversity and uncertainty for generating genotype with recombination.It can complete in the target being pre-designed and in the time restoring gene turn
It moves on in conventional wheat kind, is bred as new restorer line.
The present invention expands hybrid wheat to Wheat Species utilization of resources range, and it is thin that incubation new restorer line improves hybrid wheat
Cytoplasm, further excavates and is promoted hybrid wheat at the advantages that combining conventional wheat stable high yield, high-quality, more anti-and eurytopicity
Breeding Potential.Its advantage is that quick, efficient, with clearly defined objective, very strong be predictably bred as new outstanding restorer, it can be utmostly
Retain the synthesis merit of recurrent parent.New restorer line can match into more excellent hybrid wheat, substantially improve
Hybrid wheat breeding level and application value.The new restorer line of cultivation hybridizes with sterile line, carries out restoring force and coordinate force identification
Select cenospecies.Hybridization identification, variety comparative test, regional testing.Create the cross combination of hybrid exceeded 15% or more.Using
The hybrid wheat that the technology is cultivated can increase production 60 kilograms or more per acre.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is hybrid wheat Breeding Process schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the miscellaneous excellent No. 1 Breeding Process figure of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the miscellaneous excellent No. 65 Breeding Process figures of the present invention；
In figure: A is to indicate sterile line；R is to indicate restorer；♀ is to indicate maternal；♂ is to indicate male parent；F1 is to indicate hybrid
A generation；Fn is to indicate the n-th generation of hybrid.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail combined with specific embodiments below, but not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1: using miscellaneous excellent No. 1 comprise the concrete steps that of the method for the present invention breeding:
(1) face remote 92605 selection cross to face remote 91507/ with two strains of certain restoring force to go out to face remote R4685.Face remote
R4685 stablizes from different hybrid wheat hybridization restoring forces 90% or more.
(2) it is female parent with K4316A, faces remote R4685 and make circulation male parent, hybridizes.
(3) be similar to male parent from hybridization F1 selection economical character, male fertile single plant make it is maternal, then with face remote R4685
It is returned three times, 3 F1 materials of similar to remote R4685 is faced thus to obtain economical character, male fertile backcrossing；
(4) character is seemingly faced to remote R4685, the selfing of male fertile BC3F1 material, harvest selfing is various at BC3F2 group, flowering
Phase selects the exposed degree of anther high, and pollen amount is big, and the preferable strain of loose powder characteristic is listed, selects agronomy in listed strain when mature
Character seemingly faces remote R4685, male fertile single plant list is received.
(5) F3 is planted by strain, and blooming stage selects the exposed degree of anther high, and pollen amount is big, and the preferable strain of loose powder characteristic is listed,
Selection economical character seemingly faces remote R4685 in listed strain when mature, male fertile single plant list is received.F4~F6 presses strain kind
It plants, blooming stage selects the exposed degree of anther high, and pollen amount is big, and the preferable strain of loose powder characteristic is listed, when mature in listed strain
Selection economical character seemingly faces remote R4685, male fertile single plant list is received.In F6 generation, is bred as economical character and seemingly faces remote R4685, carries K
The extensive R4685 of restorer K of type restoring gene.With K5003A and face extensive R4685 cross breeding miscellaneous excellent No. 1.
Miscellaneous excellent No. 1 semi-winterness, seedling growth gesture is strong, and the resistance to jelly of cold-resistant, tillering ability is stronger, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is high.Plant height 80cm or so,
Plant type is compact, and elasticity is good for stalk, more resistant to lodging.Earing, rear blade is grayish green, and wax is thicker, spindle fringe, long awns, white shell, Bai Li,
Full grains, uniform in size, commodity is good.Anaphase blade functional period is long, hot-dry wind tolerance, stripe rust resisting, leaf rust, powdery mildew,
It is yellow good to fall.General 450,000 fringe of spike number or so per acre, grain number per spike 38 or so, 48 grams of mass of 1000 kernel or so, the ripe phase is than 19 precocity 1 of tobacco grower
~2d.It is suitble to large area medium or the medium above rich water soil cultivation.By our many years production of hybrid seeds, experiment in cultivation shows:
450 kilograms~550 kilograms of per mu yield under medium fertilizer and water condition face extensive 550 kilograms of per mu yield or more under high fertilizer and water condition than male parent
25% or more R4685 volume increase, than 15% or more control tobacco grower 19 volume increase.
Miscellaneous excellent No. 1 is successively subjected to low temperature, cold spell in later spring, hot dry wind etc. no in the test of Southern Shanxi Province area of wheat multiple years
The influence of sharp weather shows preferable resistance and extensive adaptability, illustrates that miscellaneous excellent No. 1 has good Genetic characteristics
And it is disease-resistant, resistance is strong, acclimatization changing capability is strong, and Yield comparison is stablized between year, requires cultivation management extensive etc.
Advantage meets the requirement of modern agriculture " few investment, high production save fertilizer environmental protection " supply side structural reform, is one and great pushes away
The wheat hybrid of wide potentiality.
Embodiment 2: the method for the present invention breeding miscellaneous excellent No. 65 are used, is comprised the concrete steps that:
(1) facing remote 84-6218 selection cross to face remote 84-51010/ with two wheat lines of certain restoring force goes out Shanxi wheat 65.
Shanxi wheat 65 is stablized from different hybrid wheat hybridization restoring forces 90% or more.In 65 Breeding Process of restorer Shanxi wheat, use
SSR molecular marker carries out assisted Selection, shows that Shanxi wheat 65 has wheat main effect restoring gene Xgwm95 and Barc61.
(2) to face type 0162A for female parent, Jin Mai 65 makees circulation male parent, hybridizes.
(3) it from hybridization F1 selection economical character is similar to male parent, male fertile single plant makees female parent, then is returned with Shanxi wheat 65
Three times, BC3F1 material similar to Shanxi wheat 65 thus to obtain economical character, male fertile.
(4) character is selfed like Shanxi wheat 65, male fertile BC3F1 material, harvest selfing is various at BC3F2 group, raises
Florescence selects the exposed degree of anther high, and pollen amount is big, and the preferable strain of loose powder characteristic is listed, selects agriculture in listed strain when mature
Skill character is received like Shanxi wheat 65, male fertile single plant list.It harvests each single-strain seed and takes 20, using incubator culture seed,
It takes a leaf one heart stage seedling to extract DNA, assisted Selection is carried out using SSR molecular marker, selection has wheat main effect restoring gene
The single plant of Xgwm95 and Barc61.
(5) F3 selection has wheat main effect restoring gene strain, and by single-strain planting, blooming stage selects the exposed degree of anther high, flower
Powder amount is big, and the preferable strain of loose powder characteristic is listed, and selection economical character can like Shanxi wheat 65, male in listed strain when mature
The single plant list educated is received.F4~F6 is planted by strain, and blooming stage selects the exposed degree of anther high, and pollen amount is big, the preferable strain of loose powder characteristic
System is listed, and selection economical character is received like male parent, male fertile single plant list in listed strain when mature.In F7 generation, is bred as agronomy
Character faces extensive R65 like the restorer that type restoring gene is faced in Shanxi wheat 65, carrying.With facing type 4561A and to face extensive R65 cross breeding miscellaneous excellent
65。
Miscellaneous excellent 65 winter habit, anti-winter freeze, and resistance to cold spell in spring, the drought-enduring growing way of mid-term is strong, and the later period is heat-resisting to be fallen yellow good, and functional period of leaf is long,
Hot dry wind resistant to high temperatures.Seedling crawls, and well developed root system, tillering ability is strong, and the percentage of earbearing tiller is high.Plant height 75cm to 80cm or so, plant type is compact,
Elasticity is good for stalk, more resistant to lodging.Mid-term growing way is numerous by force, and development is steady to seek quickness, and pest-resistant disease resistance is good.Long awns, white shell, Bai Li, son
Grain is full, uniform in size, and commodity is good.General 400,000 to 450,000 fringe of spike number per acre, grain number per spike 38 to 45, mass of 1000 kernel 42 to 48
Gram.By our many years production of hybrid seeds, experiment in cultivation shows: in 350 kilograms to 450 kilograms of fertile nonirrigated farmland per mu yield, irrigating the fields condition in expansion
450 kilograms to 550 kilograms of lower per mu yield, per mu yield faces extensive R65 volume increase 20% than male parent up to 600 kilograms or more under high water and fertilizer condition
More than, than 15% or more control tobacco grower 19 volume increase.
Miscellaneous excellent 65 have in terms of pest-resistant disease-resistant, stable high yield, cost-saving synergistic compared with quantum jump, react insensitive to liquid manure, are
The dual-purpose hybrid wheat new varieties of floods and droughts.The cenospecies through in a few years variety comparative test and regional testing, show that adaptability is good, stable yields
High yield, anti-wheat midge, in anti-grain aphid, be suitable in Southern Shanxi Province, high liquid manure, the middle water on the ground such as Linfen, Yuncheng, Jincheng
Fertilizer, expansion are irrigated the fields, the high-incidence plot plantation of fertile nonirrigated farmland, especially suction pulp worm.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cumulative hybrid wheat selection of achievable restoring gene, it is characterized in that:
1.1 economical character is excellent, restoring degrees are 50% or more and the different material in source, by convergent cross, from narrow
Realize that restoring gene is cumulative, is increased to 90% or more for restoring degree in recovery resource；
1.2 make female parent with hybrid wheat, and the cumulative material of excellent restoring gene is made rotational crossing male parent, hybridized；
1.3 from filial generation selection economical character is similar to male parent, male fertile single plant makees female parent, then returns with circulation male parent
It hands over secondary to multiple；BCnF1 material similar to circulation male parent thus to obtain economical character, male fertile；
1.4 are selfed character like circulation male parent, male fertile BCnF1 material, and harvest selfing is various at BCnF2 group, flowering
Phase selects the exposed degree of anther high, and pollen amount is big, and the preferable strain of loose powder characteristic is listed, selects economical character in listed strain when mature
It is received like male parent, male fertile single plant list；
Previous materials plantation is returned the multiple hybrid third generation to the 6th generation BCnF3~BCnF6 strain by 1.5, is selected when mature
Select that the similar circulation male parent of economical character, group be neat, male fertile strain, as directive breeding at outstanding restorer；It should
Restorer economical character is similar to recurrent parent, and can restore the pollen fertility and Spikelet fertility of male sterile line；Restorer
In breeding, stablize restorer bagging self-pollination setting percentage >=90%.
2. the cumulative hybrid wheat selection of achievable restoring gene according to claim 1, it is characterized in that used
Hybrid wheat is to face type cytoplasm.
3. the cumulative hybrid wheat selection of achievable restoring gene according to claim 1, it is characterized in that used
Hybrid wheat is T-type cytoplasm.
4. the cumulative hybrid wheat selection of achievable restoring gene according to claim 1, it is characterized in that used
Hybrid wheat is V-type cytoplasm.
5. the cumulative hybrid wheat selection of achievable restoring gene according to claim 1, it is characterized in that used
Hybrid wheat is K-type cytoplasm.
6. the cumulative hybrid wheat selection of achievable restoring gene according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that extensive
Multiple is cumulative breeding F2 generation, is selected using Xgwm95 and Barc61 gene-assisted selection technology objective trait.
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| CN1147895A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1997-04-23 | 天津市农作物研究所 | Tech. for breeding K type hybridized wheat |
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