JP2011142903A - Method for raising seedlings of peony - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for efficient cultivation of peonies, particularly Yamato peony, related to a method for raising seedlings of peonies such as Yamato peony, a variety excellent for pharmaceutical use but unable to propagate by seed because of male sterility. <P>SOLUTION: The method includes: propagating by separation of the rhizome of Yamato peony so that each separated rhizome weighs 15 g or more and has two or more shoots after treating the rhizome at 4±2°C for four weeks or more; then, raising seedlings in greenhouse for four to five months at 15-30°C; and furthermore transplanting and cultivating the raised seedlings in the field. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an efficient method for raising seedlings of peony. More specifically, the present invention relates to an efficient method for raising peonies of peony characterized by breaking dormancy of peonies of rhododendrons, then dividing the rhizomes, and budding and maturing them in forcing culture such as house cultivation. Further, the present invention relates to an efficient method for cultivating peonies, wherein the obtained seedlings are planted and cultivated in a field.

  Peonies were once regarded as “flowers” in China, as their flowers are so beautiful that they were nominated in China just like the buttons they belong to. It is said that he did not grow up in Japan and came as a medicine in the Nara period. Peonies include Japanese-style strains that have been cultivated since the Edo period, Western-style strains that were created in the 18th century from Siberia and China to Europe and the United States, and Dutch glazes that were cultivated originally in Europe. In recent years, hybrid lines obtained between hybrids are also increasing. Japanese medicinal varieties are used for medicinal purposes. Like buttons, when cultivated for medicinal purposes, flower buds are picked so that root growth is improved. The glaze as a herbal medicine described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia is the root of peonies (Paeonia lactiflora Pallas), prepared by drying the roots from which fine roots and cork layers have been cut, and 2% or more of paeoniflorin with respect to the dry product of the converted herbal It is specified that it is included (Non-Patent Document 1).

  Yamato peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pallas var. Trichocarpa Bunge) has been cultivated and grown in Nara for a long time. In addition, the petal has 5 to 20 heavy petals, and the stamens are changed into narrow florets, so there are no stamens, that is, male sterility in which no wings are formed. In this way, since Yamato peonies do not form seeds or buds, they can only be cultivated by rhizome straining, are difficult to grow in large quantities, and are cultivated by only a few serious farmers. Is in the situation. Therefore, the development of an efficient propagation and cultivation method for peony, especially Yamato peony has been desired.

  On the other hand, in peony for gardening to appreciate flowers, breeding is done by mating with seeds, but breeding is done exclusively by breeding, and if the root has thick roots and grows well, breeding by breeding It is said to be advantageous.

  The annual growth cycle of peony is from the dormant period from September to February, and the sprouting period is from March to April, and the mature period is from May to August. It is said that it takes about 4 years in open field cultivation by dividing the rhizome and planting seedlings in the field. In this way, efficiently growing excellent seedlings with many hair roots in peony, which is about half of the year in the dormant period, leads to an efficient cultivation method of herbal medicine and peony for gardening, The problem of breaking dormancy was one of the problems to be solved for that purpose.

  On the other hand, regarding the dormancy breaking (awakening) technique of plants, many methods such as a low-temperature treatment method and a dormancy breaking agent method (for example, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3) have been reported, but effective dormancy of peony rhizomes is reported. There were no reports on breakthrough conditions, and there was no report on effective peonies rhizome straining and seedling raising methods after straining.

JP 2005-176728 A and Table 2 on page 2 JP-A-7-126108 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-155395

15th revision Japanese Pharmacopoeia, pages 3589 to 3591, etc.

  As described above, Yamato peonies, which are excellent varieties as raw materials for herbal medicines, have grown by rhizome strains because they are male sterile and cannot seed, and in the case of peony for gardening, they are grown exclusively by straining rhizomes. However, peonies have a long dormancy period and have not been studied for efficient rhizome straining. The present invention provides a method for raising peony seedlings, comprising using the remaining rhizomes for harvesting peony herb raw materials, breaking dormancy, dividing the rhizomes, and sprouting and maturing in subsequent house cultivation (forced cultivation). The purpose is to provide. Furthermore, the obtained seedlings can provide an efficient method for cultivating peony, especially high-quality Yamato peonies as herbal medicines by planting and cultivating them in the field. The purpose is to provide seedlings and potted peonies.

  As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventor has found that the conditions for efficient dormancy breaking of peony rhizomes, the bud formation and rooting rate that follow in the rhizome strain, the bud formation and The present inventors have found a suitable condition for maturation, established a more efficient method for raising peony seedlings, and completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention includes the following inventions.
(1) A method for raising peony seedlings, comprising the steps of breaking down the dormancy of rhododendron by low-temperature treatment, breaking the dormancy, stocking the rhizome, and growing the seedling by cultivating the house Method;
(2) The seedling raising method according to (1), wherein the peonies are Paeonia lactiflora Pallas;
(3) The method for raising seedlings according to (1) or (2), wherein the peonies are Yamato peonies (Paeonia lactiflora Pallas var. Trichocarpa Bunge);
(4) The seedling method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the low-temperature treatment is performed at 2 to 6 ° C for 4 weeks or more;
(5) The seedling raising method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the rhizome raw weight obtained by dividing the rhizome is 15 g or more and has two or more growth points;
(6) The seedling raising method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the house cultivation step is 30 ° C. or lower;
(7) The method for raising seedlings according to (6), wherein the house cultivation includes hydroponics soil cultivation;
(8) The method for raising seedlings according to (6), wherein the house cultivation includes hydroponics solid medium cultivation cultivation;
(9) The seedling method according to (8), wherein the solid medium used in the solid medium cultivation is a coconut block;
(10) After treating the rhizomes of Yamato peonies for 4 weeks or more at 4 ° C. ± 2 ° C. and breaking the dormancy, the rhizomes were divided so that the rhizome raw weight was 15 g or more and the growth point was 2 or more. A method for raising Yamato peony seedlings, which is grown in a house at 15 to 30 ° C. for a month to grow seedlings;
Etc.

  According to the present invention, a peony with a long dormancy period can be broken early, and a peony seedling can be grown and matured during the winter dormancy period, so that a seedling having a larger hair root than that in open field cultivation can be grown. Furthermore, by planting the obtained seedlings in the field, it is possible to obtain Yamato glaze, which is a raw material for herbs, more efficiently than conventional methods for peony, especially male peony that cannot be seeded due to male sterility. Since an efficient seedling growing method is established and flowering control is possible, garden peonies seedlings, potted peonies and the like can be provided. Further, in addition to the supply of peony seedlings as described above, the roots of the seedlings obtained by the present invention can be stocked and used as rhizomes for subsequent breeding.

The relationship between the low-temperature treatment period and the germination rate of peonies rhizomes is shown. The difference in the growth of the rhizomes that have been subjected to low-temperature treatment and broke dormancy by open field cultivation and house cultivation is shown. The rooting rate after 3 months of cultivation at 4 ° C., 20 ° C. and outside temperature in the fresh weight category of peony roots is shown. After the stock split, when cultivated in a house (15-30 ° C, irradiated for 12 hours a day) for 5 months in nutrient solution solid medium cultivation (coco block, rock wool) and nutrient solution cultivation (culture soil) The difference of growth of is shown. After the stock split, in the house (irradiated at 15-30 ° C., 12 hours a day), it was cultivated for 1 to 20 weeks in nutrient solution solid medium cultivation (coco block, rock wool) and nutrient solution cultivation (culture soil). The difference in growth (raw weight) is shown.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Peonies in this specification include various horticultural varieties such as peonies (Paeonia lactiflora Pallas), which is a basic plant of herbal medicine glazes in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. Yamato peony is the scientific name of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas var. A trichocarpa bunge with 5 to 20 petals of petals, and stamens are transformed into narrow florets, so there are no stamens, that is, male sterility in which no cocoons are formed, and seeds cannot be produced. have.

  The peony rhizome used in the method for raising seedlings of the present invention is a rhizome that is normally discarded after collecting peony roots used as a raw material for herbal medicines. Peony roots are collected around September every year, and the rhizomes for straining will be available after mid-September. On the other hand, peony rhizome for gardening is also usually stocked from mid-September to early October.

  The low temperature treatment for breaking dormancy of peonies rhizomes is refrigeration at 2-6 ° C. Usually, it is carried out in a refrigerator and a refrigerator compartment, but it is preferable to perform low-temperature treatment for at least 4 weeks or more, usually 4 to 7 weeks, because the germination rate is good.

  Next, separate the rhizomes. In conventional straining, the remaining peonies rhizomes from which the herbicidal roots have been collected are cultivated by dividing them into two or three equal parts, but in the present invention, it is possible to use rhizomes that have been divided into three or more times the conventional number. However, a rhizome having at least two growth points and a raw weight of 15 g or more is preferable because the germination rate and the rooting rate are increased. Further, a raw weight of 20 g or more is more preferable. Normally, dormancy breaking is followed by stock splitting, but dormancy breaking may be done after stock splitting.

  Subsequently, the peony rhizomes that broke through dormancy and have been stocked are transferred to the sprouting and maturation process by forcing culture, but as a forcing cultivation method suitable for that, house cultivation is preferable. House cultivation is preferably performed under a temperature condition of 30 ° C. or less, preferably 10 to 30 ° C., particularly 15 to 30 ° C. Moreover, as house cultivation at the budding period, hydroponics and hydroponics are preferable in addition to outdoor cultivation. Hydroponics includes hydroponics, spray cultivation, and solid medium cultivation, but the sprouting period is within one month from the start of house cultivation. Medium culture cultivation is preferred.

  Hydroponic cultivation is irrigated simultaneous fertilization cultivation. Since soil is used for the culture medium, the buffering function of the soil is utilized, and liquid fertilizer in which fertilizer is dissolved in water is used. By applying this, irrigation and fertilization are simultaneously performed. Salt accumulation can be suppressed and water and fertilizer can be used efficiently. There are two main irrigation methods. There are a method of dripping liquid manure from the ground part by instillation and a method of filling a pipe in the ground and giving liquid fertilizer therefrom, but in the present invention, the method of dripping is preferred.

  Hydroponics is classified into hydroponics, spray cultivation, solid medium cultivation, and the like. Hydroponic cultivation includes submerged hydroponic cultivation in which the culture solution is stored separately, and NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) that allows the culture solution to flow at a shallow water depth. Although it is a method of spraying the culture solution which became the state, in this invention, solid culture medium cultivation is the most preferable.

  Examples of solid media used for solid culture cultivation include natural sand, rubble, and pumice sand for inorganic materials, and rock wool, vermiculite, perlite, ceramic, rice husk charcoal for processed products (high-temperature firing, etc.). It is done. In the organic system, natural peat moss, coconut palm block, bark culture medium, rice husk, neat and sotan, etc., there are synthetic granular phenol resins. For rooting and maturation, an organic medium such as coconut block is particularly preferable as the solid medium.

The culture solution used for culture cultivation or hydroponics soil cultivation includes a large amount of elements (NO ₃ -N, NH ₄ -N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and a small amount of elements (Fe, Mn, B, Cu, Zn, Mo) is a nutrient solution in which the plant is absorbed at an optimum concentration. For example, Otsuka liquid fertilizer with electric conductivity (EC) adjusted to 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 is used. It is done.

  Light adjustment in house cultivation is performed. Examples of supplementary light sources used for light adjustment include a fluorescent lamp, a mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, and a high-pressure sodium lamp. In particular, a ceramic metal halide lamp with high efficiency and high color rendering is preferable, and the light irradiation time is about 10 to 13 hours.

  From the above-mentioned dormancy breaking to house cultivation (forced cultivation), the remaining peony rhizomes collected as raw materials for herbal medicines from September to September are as follows. After low-temperature treatment for about one month a month and breaking dormancy, the plant is stocked to a fresh weight of 15 g or more from October to November, followed by house cultivation from November to December to around April of the following year. House cultivation is an open field cultivation, a hydroponic cultivation, a hydroponic cultivation, sprouting, rooting, and maturing from the rhizomes that broke through dormancy, and the resulting seedlings are grown in the field from April to May the following year. Planted and cultivated in Furthermore, the obtained seedling can be shipped as a potted plant for viewing flowers as it is, or can be used as a raw material for stock separation. By adopting the above-mentioned seedling raising method and cultivation method, the period in which the herb medicine can be collected from the rhizome strain is shortened to 2-3 years, for example, which conventionally required 4-5 years. By adopting the seedling raising method and the cultivation method as described above, it is possible to harvest Yamato glaze as a crude drug 5 to 10 times more efficiently than conventional peony cultivation.

  Furthermore, cultivated peony rhizomes can be cultivated in the house from the break of dormancy (forced cultivation), regardless of the normal flowering season (mid-May to early June), that is, regardless of the season. It is possible to control flowering.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples. The present invention is not limited in any way by the following examples, and it goes without saying that the present invention can be implemented with ordinary changes in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

Example 1 (Erotic rate of peonies rhizome by low temperature treatment)
Fig. 1 shows the germination rate (= number of sprouting / number of growth points) after 3 weeks of cultivation at 18 ° C after low-temperature treatment at 4 ° C ± 2 ° C for 0-7 weeks. It was. As a result, it was found that the preferable low-temperature treatment period for breaking dormancy was 4 weeks or more.

Example 2 (Difference in growth of low-temperature treated seedlings by outdoor cultivation and house cultivation)
As described in Example 1, Yamato peonies rhizomes were treated at low temperature and broke out of dormancy, and then cultivated for 7 months, divided into normal open field cultivation and house cultivation. As a result, in the case of outdoor cultivation, there was almost no change in the plant weight. On the other hand, the plant weight in house cultivation was 1.5 times (FIG. 2). As described above, it was found that the seedling raising method for cultivating the house after breaking the dormancy is far superior to the outdoor cultivation.

Example 3 (Difference in growth of divided peony roots)
As described in Example 1, peony rhizomes were treated at 4 ° C. ± 2 ° C. for 1 month to break dormancy, and then the peony roots were divided into various sizes, and 20 ° C. for 16 hours under light conditions for 3 months. Cultivation was carried out and the rooting rates were compared. The results are shown in Table 1. As a result, it was found that, when the rhizome was finely divided, the germination rate was good, but the rooting rate decreased.

Example 4 (Rooting rate in fresh weight category of peony root)
As described in Example 1, after treatment of peony rhizomes at 4 ° C. ± 2 ° C. for 1 month to break dormancy, peony roots were less than 0-5 g, less than 5 g-10 g, less than 10 g-15 g, less than 15 g-20 g. The plants were divided into sections of 20 g or more and cultivated for 3 months at 4 ° C. (refrigerated room), 20 ° C. (culture room) and external temperature (outdoor), respectively, and the rooting rate of each was examined. The result is shown in FIG. As a result, it has been found that the rooting rate is reduced unless the rhizome raw weight when dividing the rhizome is 15 g or more. Further, it was found that at least 2 growth points were contained in 15 g or more of rhizome. In addition, it became clear that dividing into stock weight 15g-20g can be divided into 3 times or more than the conventional method.

Example 5 (Comparison in forcing cultivation)
As described in Example 1, after treating peony rhizomes of 20 g to less than 30 g at 4 ° C. ± 2 ° C. for 1 month to break dormancy, nutrient solution solid culture cultivation (coconut block, rock wool) and nutrient solution soil cultivation Cultivation was carried out for 5 months in the house (15-30 ° C., irradiation for 12 hours per day) in cultivation (cultured soil) (FIG. 4). The result of measuring the fresh weight of peonies by each cultivation is shown in FIG. As a result, it became clear that the fresh weight of peony was 2.3 times for rock wool, 1.6 times for culture soil and 3.5 times for coconut block in 5 months of cultivation. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, in the case of nutrient solution solid culture cultivation using a coconut palm, it has been found that it has many capillary roots and is excellent as a seedling. Therefore, it became clear that nutrient solution solid culture cultivation using a coconut block is most suitable for the growth of peonies.

Example 6 (Flowering control of peony for gardening)
The rhizome of horticultural Japanese glaze (variety name: spring makeup) that broke through dormancy was cultivated in nutrient solution solid medium culture using coconut block in the house from the end of January (temperature: 15-30 ° C, 12 hours a day) As a result of cultivation in (irradiation), it flowered in about 2 months. As a result, it was found that the garden peonies that broke through dormancy by low-temperature treatment can be controlled for flowering by adjusting the cultivation environment.

The present invention relates to a method for raising peony seedlings. Specifically, Yamato peonies (Paeonia lactiflora Pallas var. Trichocarpa Bunge) breaks the dormancy, then splits the rhizomes, and then germinates in house cultivation and then roots, and then matures. It is related to a safe seedling raising method, and it is possible to grow peony seedlings early in the dormant season in winter by combining low-temperature treatment and house cultivation, and harvesting herbal glazes at 5 to 10 times the efficiency Can do.

Claims (10)

  A method for raising peonies of peony, comprising a step of low-temperature treatment of peonies rhizomes to break dormancy, a step of dividing rhizomes, and a step of growing seedlings by house cultivation.   The seedling-raising method according to claim 1, wherein the peonies are Paeonia lactiflora Pallas.   The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the peonies are Yamato peonies (Paeonia lactiflora Pallas var. Trichocarpa Bunge).   The seedling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the low-temperature treatment is performed at 2 to 6 ° C for 4 weeks or more.   The seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rhizome raw weight obtained by dividing the rhizome is 15 g or more and has two or more growth points.   The seedling raising method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the house cultivation step is 30 ° C or lower.   The seedling raising method according to claim 6, wherein the house cultivation is hydroponics cultivation.   The method for raising seedlings according to claim 6, wherein the house cultivation includes hydroponics solid medium cultivation.   The seedling raising method according to claim 8, wherein the solid medium used for the solid culture cultivation is a coconut block.   After treating rhizomes of Yamato peonies for 4 weeks or more at 4 ° C. ± 2 ° C. and breaking dormancy, the rhizomes were separated so that the rhizome raw weight was 15 g or more and the growth point was 2 or more. A method for raising Yamato peony seedlings, which is grown in a house at 15 to 30 ° C. to grow seedlings.