CN1091582A - Sulphur rape three-way crossbreeding technology in the Wild cabbage type low mustard - Google Patents

Sulphur rape three-way crossbreeding technology in the Wild cabbage type low mustard Download PDF

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CN1091582A
CN1091582A CN 93101664 CN93101664A CN1091582A CN 1091582 A CN1091582 A CN 1091582A CN 93101664 CN93101664 CN 93101664 CN 93101664 A CN93101664 A CN 93101664A CN 1091582 A CN1091582 A CN 1091582A
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low
male
shan
parent
male sterile
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CN1034848C (en
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李殿荣
田建华
何振才
夏永真
张文学
高贵廉
谭小力
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Educational Center Of Agriculural-Settlement Science And Technology Shaanxi Pro
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Abstract

The method of thioglucose glucosindate rape cytoplasmic male sterilty three-way crossbreeding in a kind of Wild cabbage type low mustard acid, the two low male sterile line Shan 3A of seed selection do maternal, and two low male sterility maintainer line Shan 3B make male parent, the two low male sterile line Shan 3A of outbreeding.Make female parent with two low male sterile line Shan 3A, the low erucic acid male sterile restoring line is cultivated C 0Make paternal hybrid, (glucosinolate content<80umol/g) crossbreed " mixes oily 59 " to sulphur in the preparation low erucic acid (content of erucic acid<5%).It is many that this hybrid has a seed number per pod, characteristics such as wide adaptability, disease tolerance are good, good quality and high output, and general per hectare is produced 2250~3000 kilograms, both can be in China, the plantation of southern winter rape district, can plant in northern spring rape district again.

Description

Sulphur rape three-way crossbreeding technology in the Wild cabbage type low mustard
The invention belongs to cabbage type rape (sulphur in the low mustard) male sterility three line heterosis utilization field.
Cross-bred rape " No. two, Qin's oil " behind China's large tracts of land popularizing planting, has been obtained remarkable economic efficiency on producing, general production ratio normal rapeseed kind volume increase about 30% causes strong repercussion at home and abroad.In recent years, world many countries all attempts the heterosis, hybrid vigor utilization is combined with the high-quality breeding, makes fine quality hybridizationization, thereby improve the output of fine quality (low erucic acid, low sulfatide), but improper or do not find desirable germplasm because of breeding method, make little progress so far, also in experimental stage.In this respect, the research of China is walked in front, the world, has obtained bigger progress, and has delivered many valuable scientific papers.Selected low mustard three-way cross hybrid " assorted No. two of China " as the Fu Ting of Hua Zhong Agriculture University, it is hybrid " assorted No. one of another name for Sichuan Province " that the bioengineering dept Pan Tao of Sichuan University has selected the low mustard of male sterile dual-purpose, Mianyang, Sichuan Province aggie breeds low mustard cross-bred rape " No. one, Fu oil " etc., all successively promoted in some area demonstrations by authorization, but these kinds are owing to the reason of aspects such as the quality of kind of plasmagene and resistance, advantage is still undesirable, thereby has limited its application region.Simultaneously, for extremely, also there is not a unit to breed thia friendship rape variety in the low mustard so far.
It is maternal the objective of the invention is to cytoplasm male sterility line Shan 2A, with two low (low erucic acids, low sulfatide) rape variety is a male parent, hybridize and continuous backcross, the two low male sterile line that seed selection makes new advances, and with the hybridization with it of the recovery of low erucic acid high-sulfur glucoside system, the half-blood of sulphur in the low mustard of preparation, make new cross-bred rape in output, under the prerequisite that oil content (comparing with the high erucic acid hybrid " No. two, Qin's oil " of popularizing planting in the current production) does not reduce, content of erucic acid in the vegetable seed reaches international specified standard (erucic acid<5%), and the thioglucose salidroside content is reduced to the moderate of normal rapeseed content 120~180umol/g.
Feature of the present invention:
Mainly be reflected in seeding technique.Seeding technique is that the two low male sterile line Shan 3A of seed selection make female parent, and two low male sterility maintainer line Shan 3B make paternal hybrid, the two low male sterile line Shan of breeding 3A seed.Make female parent with two low male sterile line Shan 3A again, low erucic acid high-sulfur glucoside male sterile restoring line is cultivated C 0Make male parent, sulphur crossbreed in the low mustard of hybridization preparation " assorted oil 59 ".Study its corresponding high-yield culture technique simultaneously, improve the output of sulphur quality rape in the low mustard.
Three is the standard of kind
(1), Shan 3A
1, source: Shan 3A is be female parent with two high (high erucic acid, high-sulfur glucoside) male sterile line Shan 2A, and two low (low erucic acid, low sulfatide) male sterile line Shan 3B is a male parent, through hybridization with how for backcrossing, forms in transformation in 1991.
2, feature
Morphological feature: Wild cabbage type, half is upright, the cotyledon kidney-shaped.Seedling five leaves before the phase lobus cardiacus be purple, the true leaf handle is long, is normally not present decomposite leaf, top sliver ellipse, leaf margin wavy; Behind five leaves, shallow decomposite leaf gradually appears, the leaf dirty-green, the blade face is glossy smooth, wax powder-free, blade long and in thick, vein and cane light green, the involute little distortion of short handle leaf.Main inflorescence growth is slower, with initial bloom stage dead flower bud phenomenon, middle and later periods well-grown is arranged before just spending.Petal is narrow, look yellow, ftractures, and nectary, gynoecium are grown normal, and androecium abortion is triangular shape Shape, WUHUAFEN, female stamen relative altitude is greater than 2.Branch is even living longer, and the angle fruit is thick.Under per hectare 180,000 strain density, about plant height 150cm, effectively the branch position is 40 centimetres, 10 of once effective branches, about 150 of individual plant effective angle fruits, about 14 of every fruit grain numbers, thousand kernel weight 3.0 grams.
Biological property: weak winter habit, about 250 days breeding times, growing way is strong in the Guanzhong east, and anti-fertility is more resistant to lodging, anti-stalk break.
3, yield and quality: when breeding male sterile lines or preparing hybrid kind, general per hectare can be received 750 kilograms in seed, and the high-yield field can reach more than 1125 kilograms, content of erucic acid<1%, thioglucose salidroside content<30umol/g.
4, adapt to the area: China spring rape district and winter rape Wild cabbage type growing area all can be planted.
(2), Shan 3B
1, source: 1986, from " magnificent agricultural hybrid " that Hua Zhong Agriculture University introduces, form through the continuously-directional seed selection.
2, feature
Morphological feature: Wild cabbage type, half is upright, the cotyledon kidney-shaped.Seedling five leaves before the phase lobus cardiacus be purple, the true leaf handle is long, general decomposite leaf now, top sliver ellipse, leaf margin wavy; Behind five leaves, shallow decomposite leaf gradually occurs, the elongation stem is the drastic crack leaf, the leaf dirty-green, the blade face is glossy smooth, wax powder-free, blade long and in thick, vein and cane light green, the involute little distortion of short handle leaf.The bud yellow green, corolla is medium, and petal is big.The pattern Huang, even branch estranged, the angle fruit is straight living little sagging.Under per hectare 180,000 strain density, about plant height 150cm, effectively the branch position is 30 centimetres, 9 of once effective branches, about 230 of individual plant effective angle fruits, about 25.0 of every fruit grain numbers, thousand kernel weight 2.8~3.0 grams.
Biological property: weak winter habit, about 248 days breeding times, growing way is strong in the Guanzhong east, and lodging resistance is better, gently feels downy mildew, anti-stalk break, with male sterile line Shan 3A hybridization, energy 100% keeps the sterility of Shan 3A.
3, yield and quality: general per hectare can be received 2250 kilograms in seed, and the high-yield field per hectare can reach more than 2625 kilograms, content of erucic acid<1%, thioglucose salidroside content<30umol/g, oil content 41.8%.
4, adapt to the area: China spring rape district and winter rape Wild cabbage type growing area all can be planted.
(3), cultivate C.
1, source: nineteen eighty-three forms through continuous individual plant selection from the variety source " 8063 " that area, the Xianyang, Shanxi province institute of agricultural sciences introduces.
2, feature
Morphological feature: Wild cabbage type, half is upright, the cotyledon kidney-shaped.Seedling five leaves little purple of lobus cardiacus before the phase.The drastic crack leaf, top sliver great circle, leaf look pale green, petiole is longer, vein white, the little purple of leaf edge sawtooth shape.Bud is big, and petal is big, and pattern is little to be with orangely, and flower pesticide is full, and the loose powder amount is big.Branch is spared living and is grown, and the angle fruit is straight to be given birth to, little purple.Under per hectare 180,000 strain density, about plant height 155cm, effectively the branch position is 60 centimetres, 10 of once effective branches, about 250 of individual plant effective angle fruits, about 21.0 of every fruit grain numbers, thousand kernel weight 3.0~3.2 grams.
Biological property: inclined to one side spring habit, about 247 days breeding times, growing way is stronger in the Guanzhong east, and cold resistance is better, blooms early, and the florescence is long, gently feels stalk break.With two low male sterile line Shan 3A hybridization can 100% the sterile gene of recovery Shan 3A.
3, product and quality: general per hectare can be received 2250 kilograms in seed, and the high-yield field per hectare can reach more than 2625 kilograms, content of erucic acid<1%, oil content 38%.
4, adapt to the area: China spring rape district and winter rape Wild cabbage type growing area all can be planted.
Advantage of the present invention
The present invention has realized the heterosis, hybrid vigor utilization of sulphur cabbage type rape cytoplasmic male sterilty " three are " in the low mustard.
With Shan 3A * cultivate C 0The crossbreed of hybridization preparation " assorted oil 59 " performance has following characteristics:
(1), quality better: " assorted oil 59 " commodity vegetable seed content of erucic acid<5%, meet international canola commercial standards, its grouts thioglucose salidroside content<80umol/g, (content 120~180umol/g) kinds reduce by 40~100umol/g than high-sulfur, help doing protein feeds, be sulphur fine quality in the low mustard.
(2), output height: " assorted oil 59 ", 1991~1992 years were participated in the winter rape prerun of the Central Shanxi Plain, Shaanxi Province, average per hectare is produced 3650.05 kilograms, only comparison is according to two high cross-bred rapes " No. two, Qin's oil " underproduction 3.33%, not remarkable, and early 2~3 days ripe phase, increase production more than 25% than low mustard conventional variety of the same type " No. three, Qin's oil "; " assorted oil 59 " average per hectare product was 2277.9 kilograms under the situation of late sowing two weeks in the district's examination of Hailaer, Inner Mongol Neil LaBute woods participation spring rape in 1991, and comparison is according to 1793.1 kilograms of volume increase 27% of red low (conventional low erucic acid kind) average per hectare product; Participated in the examination of spring rape district, Hailaer, the Inner Mongol in 1992 once more, " assorted oily 59 " average per hectare is produced about 3000 kilograms, and comparison is increased production more than 30% according to kind.
(3), precocity: " assorted oil 59 " helps arranging in crop rotation and farming season precocious 3~5 days of China winter rape district plantation comparable " No. two, Qin's oil ".
(4), wide adaptability: because of " assorted oil 59 " belongs to weak winter habit, the cross rape of spring habit partially, so it both can be in the Yellow River and Huai He River, the plantation of Yangtze river basin winter rape district, also can be, northern spring rape district plantations such as Qinghai, Heilungkiang in the Inner Mongol; This hybrid is expected to become the more satisfactory high-quality hybrid rape variety of southern double rice cropping system because of its precocity.It requires not tight to soil condition, but can bring into play its hybrid vigour with medium higher fertility, and general per hectare is produced 2250~3000 kilograms, and the high-yield field per hectare can reach more than 3750 kilograms.
(5) growth is healthy and vigorous: five leaves are after the phase, and nourishing and growing promptly shows tangible hybrid vigour.One-tenth strain phase plant is tall and big, and trophosome is in great numbers, and top secondary branch is gone up very more, and the angle is big, and grain is many, about 25 at average every angle.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram for rape seed field parent system, media system, environment.1 is parent system (seed farm), and 2 are media system (peak group), and 3 are environment system (isolated area).
Fig. 2 is the esterase isozyme zymogram characteristic pattern of Shan 3A petiole;
Fig. 3 is the esterase isozyme zymogram characteristic pattern of Shan 3B petiole;
Fig. 4 is for cultivating C 0The esterase isozyme zymogram characteristic pattern of petiole;
Fig. 5 is the esterase isozyme zymogram characteristic pattern of " assorted oil 59 " petiole;
Fig. 6 is the esterase isozyme zymogram characteristic pattern of " assorted oil 59 " and parent's petiole thereof.
Propagation seed making technology main points of the present invention
The cytoplasm of two low male sterile line Shan 3A derives from Shan 2A, and cell nucleus derives from Shan 3B, and it is strong that these two parents are growing way, and the strain that productivity is good is so the Shan 3A that transformation becomes also has its parents' advantage.Because Shan 3A androecium abortion is more thorough, and gynoecium physically well develops, and accepting foreign pollen can be with normally solid, so, can ensure and breed male sterile line in the production and the preparing hybrid kind can obtain higher output.But about 750 kilograms of general per hectare seedings, the high-yield field per hectare can reach more than 1125 kilograms.
Male sterile line Shan 3A and preparing hybrid kind " the assorted oil 59 " technology of breeding is the same substantially, some difference on the isolation condition only, and the former requires distance isolation apart from bigger stricter than the latter.Three systems that will conscientiously set up and handle well the production of cross rape technically are that environment system requires isolation fool proof, and parent system requires the father, female parent must be pure excellent, and media system requires media to do the matchmaker by set spouse's bridging.Its every concrete measure mainly is:
1, safety is isolated: breed male sterile line Shan 3A and hybridization " assorted oil 59 " and both can adopt distance isolation, also can adopt the time interval.Adopt distance isolation, the distance isolation distance of breeding the two low male sterile line Shan 3A of original seed is more than 4 kilometers, and preparing hybrid kind " assorted oil 59 " distance isolation distance is more than 2 kilometers.As the time of adopting isolate, promptly in the winter rape district to breeding or seed farm is sowed in spring, make the winter rape florescence and breed field or seed farm flowering asynchronism, both differ and need reach more than January.
In its isolated area, must not plant other rape and the crop in cruciferae such as Chinese cabbage, leaf mustard of non-male parent, and around two low male sterile line Shan 3A breedings field, can plant Shan 3B, around the seed farm of preparation " assorted oil 59 ", can plant single low male sterile restoring line and cultivate C 0When adopting honeybee pollination, utilize the specification requirement of honeybee pollination, note closing case and be castrated, fix a point to lay, control the size, produce in good time, particularly in isolated area, can not place bee colony etc. in strict accordance with rape seed.
2, proper seeding: male sterile line Shan 3A and maintenance line Shan 3B, recovery system cultivate C 0Be weak winter habit or spring varieties partially, when breeding Shan 3A and preparation " assorted oil 59 " in the Yellow River and Huai He River district, date of seeding with the winter before>0 ℃ effective accumulated temperature is advisable for 880~900 ℃.
3, suitable row ratio adopts father, maternal row than 1: 2 or 1: 3.
4, rational close planting: 1: 2 row than the time, the male parent per hectare is stayed seedling 52500~63000 strains, female parent stays seedling 126000~135000 strain/hectares; Row was than 1: 3 o'clock, and the male parent per hectare is stayed seedling 36000~40500 strains, and female parent stays seedling 139500~150000/ strains.
5, spermaduct male parent: guarantee that in order to cultivate strong shape male parent female parent provides sufficient pollen and inseminates solid, to carry out pipe, final singling early partially to male parent, early plant, execute partially quick-acting fertilizer or sprinkling irrigation chemical fertilizer water, to cultivate strong shape male parent, or spray " 920 " to male parent just spending preceding 10~12 days, its concentration is that 40ppm, per hectare spray " 920 " 15~30g, to improve the paternal plant height and to postpone the male parent florescence.
6, regulate the florescence: during preparation " assorted oil 59 ", because of male parent is cultivated C 0Than maternal Shan 3A prematurity 2~3 days, pluck tongue for flower synchronization being taked bloom male parent to be pinched in preceding 3~4 days in male parent, make father, maternal flower synchronization good, to improve hybrid seed yield and quality.
7, roguing: before and after five leaf phases, survive the winter period of seedling establishment and bolting initial bloom stage are not pulled out meeting the assorted strain of parent's characteristic feature, characteristic, lopsided strain, diseased plant and weak strain, guarantee the quality of parental purity and breeding, the production of hybrid seeds.In order to prevent mechanical admixture, improve thousand kernel weight and the output of hybrid, when male parent is spent eventually, can all surgery male parent.
8, artificial supplementary pollination: breed and the production of hybrid seeds, no matter whether lay bee colony, all will do artificial supplementary pollination well, its method is initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage sunny calm or go to the sky more, can draw with rope at 2 o'clock in 10 o'clock~afternoon in the morning, the bamboo bar is dialled, or utilizing hand that father, maternal inclination are pushed, on the male parent position, maternal position is down, shake male parent gently, reach pollination.
9, meticulous results: when really there are 70~80% yellow maturity at maternal angle, gather in the crops, receive the short after-ripening of back stacking, beat in the airing process, be strictly on guard against mechanical admixture in receipts.
Crossbreed " assorted oil 59 " breed standard:
1, cultivar origin: Educational Center of Agriculural-Settlement Science and Technology, Shaanxi Pro, recover system with two low (low erucic acid, low-sulfur are for glycoside) the male sterile line Shan 3A of Wild cabbage type and low erucic acid, high-sulfur for glycoside and cultivate C 0Sulphur crossbreed in the low mustard of hybridization preparation.The hybrid name is called " assorted oil 59 ".
2, feature
Morphological feature: Wild cabbage type, half is upright, the cotyledon kidney-shaped.Seedling five leaves little purple of lobus cardiacus before the phase, the leaf look green, and petiole is longer, the shallow zigzag of leaf margin.Blade is thicker, the stem green, and petal is big, and pattern Huang, flower pesticide are full, and pollen amount is big.Branch is even gives birth to, and the secondary branch is more, goes up very, really grows up in the angle, straight giving birth to.Under per hectare 180,000 strain density, about plant height 160cm, effectively the branch position is 70 centimetres, 8.4 of once effective branches, about 280 of individual plant effective angle fruits, about 25.0 of every fruit grain numbers, thousand kernel weight 3.0 grams.
Biological property: spring habit partially, in the Guanzhong east about 250 days breeding times, mid-early maturity, anti-fertilizer, more resistant to lodging, growing way is strong, and regularity is good, more anti-stalk break, light susceptible viral disease.
3, yield and quality: 2250~3000 kilograms of general per hectare produce oil vegetable seed, the high-yield field per hectare can reach more than 3750 kilograms, content of erucic acid<1%, thioglucose salidroside content<80umol/g, oil content 41.2%.
4, adapt to the area: China spring rape district and winter rape Wild cabbage type growing area all can be planted.

Claims (9)

1, the method for thioglucose glucosindate rape cytoplasmic male sterilty three-way crossbreeding in a kind of Wild cabbage type low mustard acid, comprise measures such as safe isolation, proper seeding, rational close planting, suitable row ratio, spermaduct male parent, adjusting florescence, roguing, supplementary pollination, meticulous results, it is characterized in that:
A, maternal with two low male sterile line Shan 3A works, two low male sterility maintainer line Shan 3B make paternal hybrid, the two low male sterile line Shan 3A of breeding;
B, maternal with two low male sterile line Shan 3A works, the low erucic acid male sterile restoring line is cultivated C 0Make paternal hybrid, sulphur crossbreed in the low mustard of preparation " assorted oil 59 ".
2, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that safety isolation employing distance isolation, the distance isolation distance of breeding the two low male sterile line Shan 3A of original seed is more than 4 kilometers, preparing hybrid kind " assorted oil 59 " distance isolation distance is more than 2 kilometers, its isolated area is not planted non-male parent rape and crop in cruciferae such as Chinese cabbage, leaf mustard, and around two low male sterile line Shan 3A breedings field, can plant Shan 3B, around the seed farm of preparation " assorted oil 59 ", can plant single low male sterile restoring line and cultivate C.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that proper seeding, date of seeding with the winter before>0 ℃ effective accumulated temperature is advisable for 880~900 ℃.
4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that suitable row ratio, and father, maternal row are than adopting 1: 2 or 1: 3.
5, according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that rational close planting, 1: 2 row than the time, the male parent per hectare is stayed seedling 52500~63000 strains, female parent stays seedling 126000~135000 strain/hectares; Row was than 1: 3 o'clock, and the male parent per hectare is stayed seedling 36000~40500 strains, and female parent stays seedling 139500~150000/ strains.
6, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the spermaduct male parent, promptly male parent is wanted final singling early, early planted, executes partially quick-acting fertilizer or sprinkling irrigation chemical fertilizer water, to cultivate strong shape male parent, or spraying " 920 " to male parent just spending preceding 10~12 days, its concentration is that 40ppm, per hectare spray " 920 " 15~30g.
7, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that regulating the florescence, and taking blooms male parent to be pinched in preceding 3~4 days in male parent plucks tongue.
8, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that roguing, and before and after five leaf phases, survive the winter period of seedling establishment and bolting initial bloom stage are not pulled out meeting the assorted strain of parent's characteristic feature, characteristic, lopsided strain, diseased plant and weak strain.
9, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that artificial supplementary pollination, and initial bloom stage and full-bloom stage can carry out artificial supplementary pollination in sunny calm or broken sky at 2 o'clock in 10 o'clock~afternoon in the morning.
CN 93101664 1993-02-23 1993-02-23 Wild cabbage type low mustard, middle sulphur rape three-way crossbreeding technology Expired - Fee Related CN1034848C (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1042188C (en) * 1994-12-28 1999-02-24 华中农业大学 Hybrid seeding method of high-yield, high-quality and wild cabbage type rape
CN1054260C (en) * 1994-12-28 2000-07-12 成都市第二农业科学研究所 Method for producing seeds of three-line hybrid rape by overcoming micro pollen
CN1089211C (en) * 1998-12-29 2002-08-21 华中农业大学 Developing method of self-incompatible tine and homonuclear maintainer line of cabbage-type rape
CN1095329C (en) * 1996-01-22 2002-12-04 贵州省油料科学研究所 Method for plantation of rape seeds of two lines with recessive nuclear sterility
CN1105491C (en) * 1997-12-23 2003-04-16 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 Cabbage type rape recessive nueleus sterility triseries breeding and technology for production of seeds
CN110946072A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-03 德宏州农业技术推广中心(德宏州农业科学研究所) High oleic acid hybrid rape seed production method
CN112042489A (en) * 2020-08-07 2020-12-08 西南大学 Isolation method for quality-guaranteeing production of high-oleic-acid rape in non-natural isolation region
CN112189563A (en) * 2020-10-19 2021-01-08 西南大学 Method for accelerating transformation of cytoplasmic male sterile line of brassica napus

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1042188C (en) * 1994-12-28 1999-02-24 华中农业大学 Hybrid seeding method of high-yield, high-quality and wild cabbage type rape
CN1054260C (en) * 1994-12-28 2000-07-12 成都市第二农业科学研究所 Method for producing seeds of three-line hybrid rape by overcoming micro pollen
CN1095329C (en) * 1996-01-22 2002-12-04 贵州省油料科学研究所 Method for plantation of rape seeds of two lines with recessive nuclear sterility
CN1105491C (en) * 1997-12-23 2003-04-16 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所 Cabbage type rape recessive nueleus sterility triseries breeding and technology for production of seeds
CN1089211C (en) * 1998-12-29 2002-08-21 华中农业大学 Developing method of self-incompatible tine and homonuclear maintainer line of cabbage-type rape
CN110946072A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-03 德宏州农业技术推广中心(德宏州农业科学研究所) High oleic acid hybrid rape seed production method
CN112042489A (en) * 2020-08-07 2020-12-08 西南大学 Isolation method for quality-guaranteeing production of high-oleic-acid rape in non-natural isolation region
CN112189563A (en) * 2020-10-19 2021-01-08 西南大学 Method for accelerating transformation of cytoplasmic male sterile line of brassica napus

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