CN109041727A - Tobacco field fertilizer management method - Google Patents
Tobacco field fertilizer management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109041727A CN109041727A CN201811196828.3A CN201811196828A CN109041727A CN 109041727 A CN109041727 A CN 109041727A CN 201811196828 A CN201811196828 A CN 201811196828A CN 109041727 A CN109041727 A CN 109041727A
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000469816 Varus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009332 manuring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 101100136092 Drosophila melanogaster peng gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241001232787 Epiphragma Species 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004856 soil analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001611556 Pluchea odorata Species 0.000 description 1
- WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Sb] Chemical compound [Mo].[Sb] WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of method of soil preparation technical field that the invention belongs to combine with fertilising process, and in particular to tobacco field fertilizer management method.The tobacco field fertilizer management method, comprising the following steps: after A. tobacco leaf harvest, spread quick lime in furrow bottom, by fresh tobacco rod dissection, pile is then layered in furrow, leavening and quick lime is added in interlayer, by the base fertilizer layer by layer manuring interlayer of second year, and quick lime is spread in fermentation heap outer layer；B. after processing of step A, by the soil of First Year kind cigarette ridge body to two sides furrow varus, fermentation heap is covered；C. before second year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, ridge body is further modified, flue-cured tobacco is then transplanted；D. the plantation time hereafter successively recycles according to step A, B and C.This method solve the difficulties of production farmyard manure collected raw material problem and provide farmyard manure；Improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaf；Reduce the amount of labour used and recruitment cost.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method of soil preparation technical field that the invention belongs to combine with fertilising process, and in particular to tobacco field fertilizer management
Method.
Background technique
Flue-cured tobacco is important one of the industrial crops in China, occupies an important position (" Continuous Tobacco Cropping obstacle in national economy
Symptom mechanism and control measure ", when roc etc., Agriculture of Anhui science is the 1st phase of volume 39 in 2011, page 120-122 and 124, public
Open on December 2011 day 31).China's tobacco planting area develops with tobacco industry and increases year by year, and tobacco production improves year by year
(" continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco generation mechanism and its study on regulation progress ", symbol are founded the state etc., Agriculture of Anhui science, 2012 years volume 40 the
28 phases, the 13762-13764 pages, publication date on December 31st, 2012).
However, currently, generally existing following technical problem during tobacco planting: (1) chronic administration chemical fertilizer makes soil
Structure is deteriorated, quality degradation, causes the yield and quality of tobacco leaf to decline, therefore, normal applications of farmyard manure improves soil.But due to
Raw material (straw, animal wastes) are more dispersed, and collection is extremely difficult and at high cost, in addition, the agriculture that Concentrated fermentation is good
Family's fertilizer is distributed to huge numbers of families, cost is further increased, in addition, mountain area tobacco field has inconvenient traffic and also aggravated applications of farmyard manure
Burden；(2) in planting process, remaining tobacco rod cleans out tobacco field to concentrate and destroy, greatly in time after need to harvesting tobacco leaf
Tobacco grower's burden is increased, also, containing nutritional ingredients beneficial to tobacco such as a large amount of potassium in tobacco rod, to cause resource
Waste；(3) since flue-cured tobacco requires ridging plastic film mulching cultivation, ridge internal water is not enough, in addition the general 1- all before transplanting
10 days or so application base fertilizer cannot be supplied sufficiently in cigarette strain nitrogen requirement biggish early period, mid-term so that the activation of the intracorporal base fertilizer in ridge is slow
Nutrient is answered, nitrogen nutrient a large amount of releases again in later period chemical fertilizer, and this phase cigarette strain nitrogen requirement is less, What is more after tobacco leaf harvest
There are still a large amount of macroscopic fertiliser granulates in the body of ridge, remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing which results in the flue-cured tobacco later period, to reduce tobacco leaf
Yield and quality greatly affected kind of a cigarette benefit, seriously constrain the development of Tobacco Leaf Industry, while also resulting in the wasting of resources
And environmental pollution.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, this method solve production agricultures the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of tobacco field fertilizer management method
The difficulty of family's fertilizer collected raw material problem and provide farmyard manure, avoids the waste of tobacco rod；Reduce farmyard manure production and
Cost is applied, and reduces the labor intensity of tobacco grower, tobacco grower is ultimately increased and plants cigarette income；It avoids and occurs in conventional fertilizer application
Early period, mid-term fertilizer is insufficient, later period a large amount of fertilizers and caused by early period develop the slow later period it is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing the problems such as so that cigarette strain needs
Fertilizer coincide with fertilizer provision from soil, and then improves the yield and quality of tobacco leaf, increases tobacco grower and plants cigarette benefit；It is roasting to reduce second year
Cigarette transplants the amount of labour used of busy farming season, and be staggered recruitment peak, reduces recruitment cost.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
Tobacco field fertilizer management method, comprising the following steps:
A. after tobacco leaf harvest, quick lime is spread in furrow bottom, by fresh tobacco rod dissection, is then layered pile in furrow,
Leavening and quick lime is added in interlayer, the base fertilizer layering of second year is applied to interlayer, and spread quick lime in fermentation heap outer layer；
B. after processing of step A, by the soil of First Year kind cigarette ridge body to two sides furrow varus, fermentation heap is covered；
C. before second year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, ridge body is further modified, flue-cured tobacco is then transplanted；
D. the plantation time hereafter successively recycles according to step A, B and C.
In the present invention, those skilled in the art can choose the independent dissection of fresh tobacco rod, or with other crop materials
Then dissection together carries out subsequent processing again.
Other crop materials refer to the agricultural crop straw in addition to tobacco rod.
In the present invention, by after fresh tobacco rod dissection, those skilled in the art can choose whether addition animal wastes, so
For layering pile in furrow, leavening and quick lime is added in interlayer afterwards, then carries out subsequent processing again.
In the present invention, if selection addition animal wastes, the additive amount of animal wastes are no more than fresh tobacco rod quality
If (selecting the dissection together with other crop materials of fresh tobacco rod, then carrying out subsequent processing again, be herein fresh tobacco rod and other
Crop material gross mass) 50%.
Inventor has found in the course of the research, comprising the following steps: after A. tobacco leaf harvest, quick lime is spread in furrow bottom,
By fresh tobacco rod dissection, pile is then layered in furrow, leavening and quick lime is added in interlayer, and the base fertilizer of second year is layered
Apply fertilizer interlayer, and spreads quick lime in fermentation heap outer layer；B. after processing of step A, by the soil of First Year kind cigarette ridge body to two sides
Furrow varus, covers fermentation heap；C. before second year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, ridge body is further modified, flue-cured tobacco is then transplanted；D. hereafter
The time is planted, is successively recycled according to step A, B and C；Tobacco field fertilizer management method solve production farmyard manure collection
Raw material problem and the difficulty for providing farmyard manure, avoid the waste of tobacco rod；Reduce farmyard manure production cost and application at
This, and the labor intensity of tobacco grower is reduced, it ultimately increases tobacco grower and plants cigarette income；It avoids and supplies the early period occurred in conventional fertilizer application
Fertile insufficient, later period a large amount of fertilizers and caused by early period develop the slow later period it is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing the problems such as so that cigarette strain needs fertilizer to supply with soil
Fertilizer coincide, and then improves the yield and quality of tobacco leaf, increases tobacco grower and plants cigarette benefit；Reduce the second year flue-cured tobacco transplanting busy farming season
The amount of labour used in season, be staggered recruitment peak, reduces recruitment cost.
Further, in step A, be set forth in furrow bottom spreads quick lime, in particular to spreads the raw stone of 25-35kg in furrow bottom
Ash/mu.
Further, in step A, the section for referring to and being cut into that length is 10-20cm of cutting into chunks.
Further, in step A, the dosage of the leavening is the 0.1%-0.2% of fresh tobacco rod quality.
In the present invention, if then the dissection together with other crop materials of fresh tobacco rod is carried out subsequent processing by selection again,
Then in step A, the dosage of the leavening is the 0.1%-0.2% of fresh tobacco rod and other crop material gross masses.
Further, in step A, the dosage of quick lime is 35-45kg/ mus at layering.
Further, in step A, be set forth in fermentation heap outer layer spreads quick lime specifically, spreading 25-35kg life in fermentation heap outer layer
Lime/mu.
Further, in step A, the fermentation stack height is no more than 20cm.
Further, in step C, further finishing ridge body, which specifically refers to finishing ridge body, makes its height 25-30cm.
Further, the tobacco field fertilizer management method, comprising the following steps:
A. after tobacco leaf harvest, 25-35kg quick lime/mu is spread in furrow bottom, it is 10-20cm that fresh tobacco rod, which is cut into length,
Section, be then layered pile in furrow, the animal wastes for being no more than fresh tobacco rod quality 50% be added, fresh cigarette is added in interlayer
Leavening and 35-45kg quick lime/mu of the 0.1%-0.2% of bar quality, by the base fertilizer layer by layer manuring interlayer of second year, and in
Fermentation heap outer layer spreads 25-35kg quick lime/mu, and the fermentation stack height is no more than 20cm；
B. after processing of step A, by the soil of First Year kind cigarette ridge body to two sides furrow varus, fermentation heap is covered；
C. before second year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, further modifying ridge body makes its height 25-30cm, then transplants flue-cured tobacco；
D. the plantation time hereafter successively recycles according to step A, B and C.
Inventor has found in the course of the research, comprising the following steps:
A. after tobacco leaf harvest, 25-35kg quick lime/mu is spread in furrow bottom, it is 10-20cm that fresh tobacco rod, which is cut into length,
Section, be then layered pile in furrow, the animal wastes for being no more than fresh tobacco rod quality 50% be added, fresh cigarette is added in interlayer
Leavening and 35-45kg quick lime/mu of the 0.1%-0.2% of bar quality, by the base fertilizer layer by layer manuring interlayer of second year, and in
Fermentation heap outer layer spreads 25-35kg quick lime/mu, and the fermentation stack height is no more than 20cm；
B. after processing of step A, by the soil of First Year kind cigarette ridge body to two sides furrow varus, fermentation heap is covered；
C. before second year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, further modifying ridge body makes its height 25-30cm, then transplants flue-cured tobacco；
D. the plantation time hereafter successively recycles according to step A, B and C；
Method solve production farmyard manure collect raw material problem and provide farmyard manure difficulty, avoid tobacco rod
Waste；The production cost and application cost of farmyard manure are reduced, and reduces the labor intensity of tobacco grower, ultimately increases tobacco grower's kind
Cigarette income；Be conducive to absorb nutrient after flue-cured tobacco transplanting in time, realize early growth and quick tiller, reduces later period unfavourable weather to upper tobacco leaf just
The often influence of mature harvesting has well solved seedling-slowing stage length, later period upper tobacco leaf after the generally existing flue-cured tobacco in Southwest tobacco-growing areas is planted
The problem of being unable to normal mature；Solve Southwest tobacco-growing areas it is generally existing because later period fertilizer provision from soil it is excessive caused by upper tobacco leaf
Remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing phenomenon, to increase yield and the output value；The amount of labour used for reducing second year flue-cured tobacco transplanting busy farming season, be staggered use
Work peak, reduces recruitment cost.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Method of the invention solves the difficulty of production farmyard manure collected raw material problem and provide farmyard manure, avoids
The waste of tobacco rod；The production cost and application cost of farmyard manure are reduced, and reduces the labor intensity of tobacco grower, increases tobacco grower
Kind cigarette income.
Method of the invention absorbs nutrient after being conducive to flue-cured tobacco transplanting in time, realizes early growth and quick tiller, reduces later period unfavorable gas
The influence harvested to upper tobacco leaf normal mature is waited, seedling-slowing stage after the generally existing flue-cured tobacco in Southwest tobacco-growing areas is planted has been well solved
The problem of long, later period upper tobacco leaf is unable to normal mature.
Method of the invention solve Southwest tobacco-growing areas it is generally existing because later period fertilizer provision from soil it is excessive caused by upper smoke
Late-maturing phenomenon that leaf is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe, to increase yield and the output value.
Method of the invention reduces the amount of labour used of second year flue-cured tobacco transplanting busy farming season, and be staggered recruitment peak, reduces
Recruitment cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of method of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Illustrated embodiment is to preferably be illustrated to the contents of the present invention, but is not that the contents of the present invention only limit
In illustrated embodiment.So those skilled in the art carry out nonessential change to embodiment according to foregoing invention content
Into and adjustment, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Following rapeseed cake fertilizer comes from Chongqing cigarette organic fertilizer Co., Ltd, and product batch number is that (2016 is quasi- for Chongqing agricultural fertilizer
Word 1168)；
Hubei Xiang Qing chemical fertilizer Co., Ltd is come from compound fertilizer, product batch number is Hubei Province agricultural fertilizer (2011) quasi- word 0710；
Following farmyard manure is produced from Xi Run cooperative society of Peng River county, total nutrient (N+P2O5+K2O) content 6.5%；
Following leavening comes from Shandong Weifang Zhen Nong ferment bacterium Co., Ltd, and product batch number is microorganism fertilizer (2005) quasi- word
No. 0183.
Embodiment 1
Tobacco planting experiment started to carry out in Peng River county of Chongqing City on October 25th, 2017, chooses 4 mu of plantation fields and (plants
The flue-cured tobacco for planting 87 kind of cloud and mist carries out), two pieces are divided into, one piece is planted field for experimental group, and another piece is planted field for control group, real
A group plantation field is tested to carry out in accordance with the following methods:
A. after tobacco leaf harvest, 30kg quick lime/mu is spread in furrow bottom, fresh tobacco rod and other crop materials are cut into length
Degree is the section of 10-20cm, is then layered pile in the dynamic of fresh tobacco rod and other crop material gross masses 30% in furrow, is added
0.15% leavening and 40kg quick lime/mu of fresh tobacco rod and other crop material gross masses are added at layering for object excrement,
According to 20kg/ mus of rapeseed cake fertilizer, compound fertilizer 43.8kg/ mus of dose, by the base fertilizer layer by layer manuring interlayer of second year, and in hair
Ferment heap outer layer spreads 30kg quick lime/mu, and the fermentation stack height is 15cm；
B. after processing of step A, by the soil of First Year kind cigarette ridge body to two sides furrow varus, fermentation heap is covered；
C. before second year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, further modifying ridge body makes its height 25-30cm, then transplants flue-cured tobacco；
D. the plantation time hereafter successively recycles according to step A, B and C；
Control group plants field, carries out in accordance with the following methods:
Traditional kind of cigarette mode:
A. after the completion of First Year tobacco leaf harvest, tobacco rod is extracted, tobacco field is cleared out, concentrated and stack or destroy.
B. tobacco field sundries is cleared up, winter ploughing is carried out and ploughs.
C. it ploughed, leveled land before second year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, bracing wire is carried out according to line-spacing and is applied fertilizer to the subsoil, including compound fertilizer
50kg, organic fertilizer 20kg, farmyard manure 150kg.
D. ridging is taken in the item of application base fertilizer, covers ground, is transplanted by spacing in the rows.
Different outer divided by upper way to manage, it is identical with other way to manages in control group plantation field that experimental group plants field.
Performance test
It calculates experimental group plantation field and control group in embodiment 1 and plants containing for nitrogen in the applied base fertilizer in field, phosphorus and potassium element
Amount (content of every kind of Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium element by obtain on product external packaging), the results are shown in Table 1.
1 precipitation amount of table
As shown in Table 1, compared with control group plants field, compound fertilizer's amount of application in experimental group plantation field reduces 6.2kg/
Mu, and non-applications of farmyard manure.Thus it proves, compared with traditional mode, the fertilizer cost of method of the invention has obtained significant drop
It is low.
Transplant flue-cured tobacco 10 days, 30 days, 50 days, 70 days, after 90s, experimental group plantation field and control in detection embodiment 1 respectively
Group plantation field soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content, the results are shown in Table 2；
Wherein, the detection method of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content are as follows: the measurement of alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method, reference: Bao scholar's denier Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry
Beijing: Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2000；
The detection method of available phosphorus contents are as follows: sodium bicarbonate extracts molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, reference: Bao scholar's denier soil agrochemistry
Analysis Beijing: Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2000；
The detection method of quick-acting potassium content are as follows: flame spectrophotometric determination, reference: the Beijing Bao scholar denier Soil Analysis in Agricultural Chemistry:
Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2000.
2 soil nutrient test result of table (unit: mg/kg)
As shown in Table 2, compared with control group plants field, experimental group plants 10 days soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogens, quick-acting after the transplanting of field
101.03mg/kg, 12.13mg/kg and 85.38mg/kg has been respectively increased in phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content.Thus it proves, it is of the invention
Method absorbs nutrient after being conducive to flue-cured tobacco transplanting in time, realizes early growth and quick tiller, and it is normal to upper tobacco leaf to reduce later period unfavourable weather
The influence of maturation harvesting tobacco leaf has well solved seedling-slowing stage length, later period upper smoke after the generally existing flue-cured tobacco in Southwest tobacco-growing areas is planted
Leaf is unable to the problem of normal mature.
As shown in Table 2, compared with control group plants field, experimental group plant the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of Tanaka's later period soil, rapid available phosphorus and
Quick-acting potassium content is substantially reduced, and 90 days after especially transplanting, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content drop respectively
Low 35.82%, 19.99%, 31.47%.Thus prove, method of the invention solve Southwest tobacco-growing areas it is generally existing because after
Caused by phase fertilizer provision from soil is excessive the problem of upper tobacco leaf remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing phenomenon, to increase yield and the output value.
Detect embodiment 1 in experimental group plantation field and control group plantation field harvest the better-than-average tobacco leaf ratio of cured tobacco leaf,
Medium tobacco leaf ratio, inferior tobacco leaf ratio, per mu yield and per mu yield value, the other plantation Tian Jun of two groups is with its respective two mu of plantation field
Average value as final result, the results are shown in Table 3；
Wherein, the detection method of first-class tobacco leaf ratio, medium tobacco leaf ratio, inferior tobacco leaf ratio are as follows: according to " GB 2635-
1992 flue-cured tobaccos " by junior tobacco leaf (experimental group plantation field and control group plantation field harvest tobacco leaf toasted in same barn)
It is divided into different brackets, then the classification of each grade tobacco leaf is divided into first-class tobacco leaf, medium tobacco leaf and inferior tobacco leaf, then weighs respectively each
The weight of grade tobacco leaf, by each grade tobacco leaf weight be added i.e. obtain tobacco leaf total output (by pound/acre in terms of), then by first-class tobacco leaf,
The weight of medium tobacco leaf and inferior tobacco leaf respectively divided by total output, first-class tobacco leaf ratio that you can get it, medium tobacco leaf ratio and under
Equal tobacco leaves ratio (in terms of %)；
The calculation method of per mu yield value are as follows: two groups are planted to the plantation field per acre in field according to " GB 2635-1992 flue-cured tobacco "
Junior tobacco leaf (experimental group plantation field and control group plantation field harvest tobacco leaf toasted in same barn) be divided into difference
Then grade weighs the weight of each grade tobacco leaf respectively；The weight of each grade tobacco leaf multiplied by corresponding grade purchasing price (tobacco leaf
Purchasing price according to middle cigarette do (2018) No. 20 (China Tobacco Corporation about purchasing price of leaf tobacco policy in 2018 notice into
Row calculates) to get the output value (in terms of member/mu) of each grade tobacco leaf out, then the output value of each grade tobacco leaf is added up to per mu yield
Value.
3 tobacco leaf degree structure of table and Output value
As shown in Table 3, compared with control group plants field, tobacco leaves ratio is waited to improve on experimental group plantation field flue-cured tobacco
6.21%, inferior tobacco leaf reduces 2.32%, and 16.5 pounds/acre of output increased, per mu yield value improves 386.54 yuan/mu.Thus
It proves, method of the invention can be improved Flue-cured tobacco Quality and yield, increases tobacco grower and plants cigarette benefit.
It statisticallys analyze control group plantation field and experimental group in embodiment 1 and plants the amount of labour used, flue-cured tobacco harvest before the flue-cured tobacco transplanting of field
The amount of labour used, total amount of labour used and recruitment cost afterwards, as a result as known to table 4.
4 amount of labour used of table and recruitment cost
Remarks: recruitment cost is 80 yuan/after flue-cured tobacco harvest, and recruitment cost is 120 yuan/before flue-cured tobacco transplanting.
As shown in Table 4, experimental group plantation field carries out farmyard manure fermentation after flue-cured tobacco harvest in furrow, and bottom is administered simultaneously
Fertilizer, the amount of labour used per mu is 3.5 before this, only need to carry out ridge body before transplanting simple finishing can epiphragma, the amount of labour used 1 can be complete
At total amount of labour used is 4.5.And control group clears up cigarette strain residuum and plough before planting Tian Nian, transplanting time is ploughed,
Site preparation, ridging, epiphragma, the mu amount of labour used are 4.5.Since the amount of labour used of method of the invention mostly occurs in farm slack season, because
This, total recruitment cost is only 400 yuan/mu, and the recruitment cost compared with traditional mode reduces 80 yuan/mu.Thus it proves, it is of the invention
Method reduces the amount of labour used and recruitment cost.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiments being understood that.
Claims (9)
1. tobacco field fertilizer management method, which comprises the following steps:
A. after tobacco leaf harvest, quick lime is spread in furrow bottom, by fresh tobacco rod dissection, is then layered pile in furrow, interlayer
Leavening and quick lime is added, by the base fertilizer layer by layer manuring interlayer of second year, and spreads quick lime in fermentation heap outer layer；
B. after processing of step A, by the soil of First Year kind cigarette ridge body to two sides furrow varus, fermentation heap is covered；
C. before second year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, ridge body is further modified, flue-cured tobacco is then transplanted；
D. the plantation time hereafter successively recycles according to step A, B and C.
2. tobacco field fertilizer management method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step A, be set forth in furrow bottom is spread
Quick lime, in particular to 25-35kg quick lime/mu is spread in furrow bottom.
3. tobacco field fertilizer management method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in step A, described cut into chunks is
Refer to the section for being cut into that length is 10-20cm.
4. tobacco field fertilizer management method according to claim 1,2 or 3, which is characterized in that in step A, the leavening
Dosage be fresh tobacco rod quality 0.1%-0.2%.
5. tobacco field fertilizer management method according to claim 1,2,3 or 4, which is characterized in that in step A, given birth at layering
The dosage of lime is 35-45kg/ mus.
6. according to claim 1, tobacco field fertilizer management method described in 2,3,4 or 5, which is characterized in that in step A, be set forth in
Fermentation heap outer layer spreads quick lime specifically, spreading 25-35kg quick lime/mu in fermentation heap outer layer.
7. according to claim 1, tobacco field fertilizer management method described in 2,3,4,5 or 6, which is characterized in that described in step A
The stack height that ferments is no more than 20cm.
8. tobacco field fertilizer management method according to claim 1,2,3,4,5,6 or 7, which is characterized in that in step C, into
One step finishing ridge body, which specifically refers to finishing ridge body, makes its height 25-30cm.
9. according to claim 1, tobacco field fertilizer management method described in 2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
A. after tobacco leaf harvest, 25-35kg quick lime/mu is spread in furrow bottom, it is 10-20cm's that fresh tobacco rod, which is cut into length,
Then section is layered pile in the animal wastes for being no more than fresh tobacco rod quality 50% in furrow, are added, fresh cigarette is added at layering
Leavening and 35-45kg quick lime/mu of the 0.1%-0.2% of bar quality, by the base fertilizer layer by layer manuring interlayer of second year, and in hair
Ferment heap outer layer spreads 25-35kg quick lime/mu, and the fermentation stack height is no more than 20cm；
B. after processing of step A, by the soil of First Year kind cigarette ridge body to two sides furrow varus, fermentation heap is covered；
C. before second year flue-cured tobacco transplanting, further modifying ridge body makes its height 25-30cm, then transplants flue-cured tobacco；
D. the plantation time hereafter successively recycles according to step A, B and C.
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