CN109041727B - Tobacco field fertilizer management method - Google Patents
Tobacco field fertilizer management method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109041727B CN109041727B CN201811196828.3A CN201811196828A CN109041727B CN 109041727 B CN109041727 B CN 109041727B CN 201811196828 A CN201811196828 A CN 201811196828A CN 109041727 B CN109041727 B CN 109041727B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- year
- flue
- quicklime
- furrow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 title description 6
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001232787 Epiphragma Species 0.000 description 1
- WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Sb] Chemical compound [Mo].[Sb] WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005048 flame photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019505 tobacco product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil preparation methods combined with a fertilizing process, and particularly relates to a tobacco field fertilizer management method. The tobacco field fertilizer management method comprises the following steps: A. after the tobacco leaves are harvested, spreading quicklime at the bottom of a furrow, cutting a fresh tobacco rod into sections, then stacking the sections in the furrow in a layered mode, adding a leavening agent and the quicklime between layers, applying a base fertilizer layer by layer in the next year, and spreading the quicklime outside the fermentation pile; B. b, after the treatment of the step A, turning the soil of the tobacco ridge bodies planted in the first year inwards to form furrows at two sides, and covering the fermentation piles; C. before flue-cured tobacco is transplanted in the second year, ridge bodies are further trimmed, and then the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted; D. and (5) circulating according to steps A, B and C in sequence for the following planting years. The method solves the problems of difficult raw material collection and difficult farmyard manure distribution in farmyard manure production; the yield and the quality of the tobacco leaves are improved; the labor amount and the labor cost are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil preparation methods combined with a fertilizing process, and particularly relates to a tobacco field fertilizer management method.
Background
Flue-cured tobacco is one of the important economic crops in China, and plays an important role in national economy (the symptom mechanism and prevention and treatment measures of tobacco continuous cropping obstacle, Shipeng and the like, Anhui agricultural science, No. 39, No. 1, No. 120, No. 122 and No. 124 in 2011, 12 and 31 days in 2011). The planting area of the flue-cured tobacco in China is increased year by year along with the development of the tobacco industry, and the tobacco yield is increased year by year (the generation mechanism of the continuous cropping obstacle of the flue-cured tobacco and the research and control progress thereof, the establishment of China and the like, Anhui agricultural science, No. 40, No. 28, No. 13762, No. 13764 and No. 12, No. 31 of 2012).
However, at present, the following technical problems generally exist in the flue-cured tobacco planting process: (1) the long-term application of chemical fertilizers causes the deterioration of soil structure and quality, resulting in the reduction of the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, and therefore, farmyard manure is often applied to improve the soil. But the raw materials (plant straws and animal wastes) are dispersed, so that the collection is very difficult and the cost is high, in addition, the concentrated fermented farmyard manure is distributed to thousands of households, the cost is further increased, and in addition, the burden of applying the farmyard manure is increased due to the inconvenience of the cigarette field traffic in mountainous areas; (2) in the planting process, the residual tobacco stems after the tobacco leaves are harvested need to be cleaned out of the tobacco field in time for centralized destruction, so that the burden of tobacco growers is greatly increased, and the tobacco stems contain a large amount of nutrient components such as potassium which are beneficial to the tobacco, so that the waste of resources is caused; (3) the tobacco requires ridging and plastic film mulching cultivation, the moisture in the ridge body is not sufficient, and base fertilizers are generally applied about 1-10 days before transplanting, so that the base fertilizers in the ridge body are slowly activated, nutrients cannot be sufficiently supplied in the early stage and the middle stage of large nitrogen demand of tobacco plants, nitrogen nutrients in fertilizers are released in a large amount in the later stage, the nitrogen demand of the tobacco plants is low in the period, and even a large amount of fertilizer particles visible to naked eyes still exist in the ridge body after the tobacco leaves are harvested, so that the late maturity of the tobacco leaves is caused, the yield and the quality of the tobacco leaves are reduced, the tobacco planting benefit is greatly influenced, the development of the tobacco leaf industry is severely restricted, and meanwhile, the resource waste and the environmental pollution are also caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a tobacco field fertilizer management method, which solves the problems of collecting raw materials and distributing farmyard manure in farmyard manure production, and avoids waste of tobacco stems; the production and application cost of farmyard manure is reduced, the labor intensity of tobacco growers is reduced, and the tobacco planting income of tobacco growers is increased finally; the problems of early-stage and middle-stage insufficient fertilizer supply, late-stage slow development and late maturity caused by a large amount of fertilizer supply in the later stage in the conventional fertilization are solved, so that the fertilizer requirement of tobacco plants is matched with the fertilizer supply of soil, the yield and the quality of tobacco leaves are improved, and the tobacco planting benefit of tobacco growers is increased; the labor amount of the flue-cured tobacco transplanting busy season in the second year is reduced, the labor peak is staggered, and the labor cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the tobacco field fertilizer management method comprises the following steps:
A. after the tobacco leaves are harvested, spreading quicklime at the bottom of a furrow, cutting fresh tobacco stems into sections, then stacking the sections in the furrow in a layered mode, adding a leavening agent and the quicklime between layers, applying a base fertilizer in the next year between the layers in a layered mode, and spreading the quicklime on the outer layer of a fermentation pile;
B. b, after the treatment of the step A, turning the soil of the tobacco ridge bodies planted in the first year inwards to form furrows at two sides, and covering the fermentation piles;
C. before flue-cured tobacco is transplanted in the second year, ridge bodies are further trimmed, and then the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted;
D. and (5) circulating according to steps A, B and C in sequence for the following planting years.
In the present invention, one skilled in the art can choose to cut fresh tobacco stems into pieces either alone or with other crop stalks and then subsequently treat them.
The other crop straws refer to crop straws except tobacco stems.
In the invention, after the fresh tobacco stems are cut into sections, a person skilled in the art can select whether to add animal wastes or not, then the animal wastes are layered and stacked in the furrow, and a leavening agent and quicklime are added between layers, and then the subsequent treatment is carried out.
In the invention, if the animal excrement is selected to be added, the addition amount of the animal excrement is not more than 50% of the mass of the fresh tobacco stems (if the fresh tobacco stems are selected to be cut into sections together with other crop straws, and then the subsequent treatment is carried out, the total mass of the fresh tobacco stems and the other crop straws).
The inventor finds that the method comprises the following steps: A. after the tobacco leaves are harvested, spreading quicklime at the bottom of a furrow, cutting a fresh tobacco rod into sections, then stacking the sections in the furrow in a layered mode, adding a leavening agent and the quicklime between layers, applying a base fertilizer layer by layer in the next year, and spreading the quicklime outside the fermentation pile; B. b, after the treatment of the step A, turning the soil of the tobacco ridge bodies planted in the first year inwards to form furrows at two sides, and covering the fermentation piles; C. before flue-cured tobacco is transplanted in the second year, ridge bodies are further trimmed, and then the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted; D. in the following planting years, circulating according to steps A, B and C; the tobacco field fertilizer management method solves the problems of difficult raw material collection and farmyard manure distribution in farmyard manure production, and avoids the waste of tobacco stems; the production cost and the application cost of farmyard manure are reduced, the labor intensity of tobacco growers is reduced, and the tobacco planting income of the tobacco growers is increased finally; the problems of insufficient fertilizer supply in the early stage, slow development in the later stage, late maturity caused by large amount of fertilizer supply in the later stage and the like in the conventional fertilization are solved, so that the fertilizer requirement of tobacco plants is matched with the fertilizer supply of soil, the yield and the quality of tobacco leaves are improved, and the tobacco benefit of tobacco growers is increased; the labor amount of the flue-cured tobacco transplanting busy season in the second year is reduced, the labor peak is staggered, and the labor cost is reduced.
Further, in the step A, quicklime is scattered at the bottom of the furrow, specifically, 25-35kg of quicklime is scattered at the bottom of the furrow per mu.
Further, in the step A, the cutting into segments refers to cutting into segments with the length of 10-20 cm.
Further, in the step A, the using amount of the leavening agent is 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the fresh tobacco stems.
In the invention, if the fresh tobacco stems and other crop straws are selected to be cut into sections and then subjected to subsequent treatment, the amount of the leavening agent in the step A is 0.1-0.2% of the total mass of the fresh tobacco stems and other crop straws.
Further, in the step A, the dosage of the quicklime at the layering part is 35-45 kg/mu.
Further, in the step A, the quicklime is scattered on the outer layer of the fermentation pile, specifically, 25-35kg of quicklime is scattered on the outer layer of the fermentation pile per mu.
Further, in the step A, the height of the fermentation pile is not more than 20 cm.
Further, in the step C, further trimming the ridge body specifically means trimming the ridge body to make the height of the ridge body be 25-30 cm.
Further, the tobacco field fertilizer management method comprises the following steps:
A. after tobacco leaves are harvested, spreading 25-35kg of quicklime per mu at the bottom of a furrow, cutting a fresh tobacco rod into sections with the length of 10-20cm, then layering and stacking the sections in the furrow, adding animal manure with the mass not more than 50% of that of the fresh tobacco rod, adding a leavening agent with the mass 0.1-0.2% of that of the fresh tobacco rod and 35-45kg of quicklime per mu between layers, layering base fertilizer for the second year, spreading 25-35kg of quicklime per mu on the outer layer of a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is not more than 20 cm;
B. b, after the treatment of the step A, turning the soil of the tobacco ridge bodies planted in the first year inwards to form furrows at two sides, and covering the fermentation piles;
C. before the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted in the second year, further trimming the ridge body to enable the height of the ridge body to be 25-30cm, and then transplanting the flue-cured tobacco;
D. and (5) circulating according to steps A, B and C in sequence for the following planting years.
The inventor finds that the method comprises the following steps:
A. after tobacco leaves are harvested, spreading 25-35kg of quicklime per mu at the bottom of a furrow, cutting a fresh tobacco rod into sections with the length of 10-20cm, then layering and stacking the sections in the furrow, adding animal manure with the mass not more than 50% of that of the fresh tobacco rod, adding a leavening agent with the mass 0.1-0.2% of that of the fresh tobacco rod and 35-45kg of quicklime per mu between layers, layering base fertilizer for the second year, spreading 25-35kg of quicklime per mu on the outer layer of a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is not more than 20 cm;
B. b, after the treatment of the step A, turning the soil of the tobacco ridge bodies planted in the first year inwards to form furrows at two sides, and covering the fermentation piles;
C. before the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted in the second year, further trimming the ridge body to enable the height of the ridge body to be 25-30cm, and then transplanting the flue-cured tobacco;
D. in the following planting years, circulating according to steps A, B and C;
the method solves the problems of difficult raw material collection and farmyard manure distribution in farmyard manure production, and avoids the waste of tobacco stems; the production cost and the application cost of farmyard manure are reduced, the labor intensity of tobacco growers is reduced, and the tobacco planting income of the tobacco growers is increased finally; the method is beneficial to timely absorbing nutrients after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, realizes early growth and fast development, reduces the influence of adverse climate in the later period on normal mature harvesting of the upper tobacco leaves, and well solves the problems that the seedling recovery period of the flue-cured tobacco after cultivation is long and the upper tobacco leaves in the later period can not be normally mature in the southwest tobacco area; the phenomenon that tobacco leaves at the upper part are greedy and late-maturing due to excessive soil fertilizer supply in the later period commonly existing in the southwest tobacco area is solved, so that the yield and the output value are increased; the labor amount of the flue-cured tobacco transplanting busy season in the second year is reduced, the labor peak is staggered, and the labor cost is reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method of the invention solves the problems of difficult raw material collection and farmyard manure distribution in farmyard manure production, and avoids the waste of tobacco stems; the production cost and the application cost of farmyard manure are reduced, the labor intensity of tobacco growers is reduced, and the tobacco planting income of tobacco growers is increased.
The method is beneficial to timely absorbing nutrients after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, realizes early growth and fast growth, reduces the influence of adverse climate in the later period on normal mature harvesting of the upper tobacco leaves, and well solves the problems that the seedling recovery period of the flue-cured tobacco after cultivation is long and the upper tobacco leaves in the later period can not be normally mature in the southwest tobacco area.
The method solves the problem that the upper tobacco leaves are greedy and late-maturing due to excessive soil fertilizer supply in the later period commonly existing in the southwest tobacco field, thereby increasing the yield and the output value.
The method reduces the labor amount in the busy season of flue-cured tobacco transplanting in the second year, staggers the peak time of labor, and reduces the labor cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The examples are provided for better illustration of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the examples. Therefore, those skilled in the art should make insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the above teachings and remain within the scope of the invention.
The following rapeseed cake fertilizers come from Yu tobacco organic fertilizer Co.Ltd in Chongqing, and the production lot is Yu agricultural fertilizer (2016 No. 1168);
the following compound fertilizers come from Hubei Xiangqing chemical fertilizer Limited company, and the production batch number is Ernong fertilizer (2011) standard 0710;
the following farmyard manure was obtained from Xirun cooperative, Pengshui, and contains total nutrients (N + P)2O5+K2O) content 6.5%;
the following leavening agents are from Shandong Weifang Zhengnong ferment bacteria Limited, and the production lot is microbial fertilizer (2005) Standard 0183.
Example 1
The flue-cured tobacco planting experiment is carried out in 25.10.2017 in Pengshui county in Chongqing, 4 mu of planting fields (flue-cured tobacco of 87 Yunyan tobacco varieties are planted) are selected and divided into two parts, one part is an experimental group planting field, the other part is a control group planting field, and the experimental group planting field is carried out according to the following method:
A. after tobacco leaves are harvested, spreading 30kg of quicklime per mu at the bottom of a furrow, cutting fresh tobacco stems and other crop straws into sections with the length of 10-20cm, then layering and stacking the sections in the furrow, adding animal manure with the total mass of 30% of the fresh tobacco stems and other crop straws, adding a leavening agent with the total mass of 0.15% of the fresh tobacco stems and other crop straws and 40kg of quicklime per mu at the layering part, layering and spreading 30kg of quicklime per mu on the outer layer of a fermentation pile at the bottom fertilizer application layer of the second year according to the fertilizing amount of 20 kg/mu of rapeseed cake fertilizer and 43.8 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 15 cm;
B. b, after the treatment of the step A, turning the soil of the tobacco ridge bodies planted in the first year inwards to form furrows at two sides, and covering the fermentation piles;
C. before the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted in the second year, further trimming the ridge body to enable the height of the ridge body to be 25-30cm, and then transplanting the flue-cured tobacco;
D. in the following planting years, circulating according to steps A, B and C;
the control group was planted according to the following method:
traditional smoking mode:
A. after the tobacco leaves are harvested in the first year, the tobacco stems are pulled out, the tobacco fields are cleared, and the tobacco leaves are stacked or destroyed in a centralized mode.
B. Cleaning up the sundries in the tobacco field, and ploughing in winter.
C. And (3) turning and leveling the land before flue-cured tobacco transplantation in the next year, and performing line pulling and base fertilizer application according to the line spacing, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 50kg of compound fertilizer, 20kg of organic fertilizer and 150kg of farmyard manure.
D. Ridging the strips applied with the base fertilizer, covering the ground, and transplanting according to the plant spacing.
Except the above management modes, the other management modes of the experimental group planting field and the control group planting field are the same.
Performance testing
The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizers applied to the experimental group-planted fields and the control group-planted fields in example 1 were calculated (the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each fertilizer were obtained from the outer package of the product), and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 nutrient input
As can be seen from Table 1, the application amount of the compound fertilizer in the field planted in the experimental group was reduced by 6.2 kg/mu, and no farmyard manure was applied, as compared with the field planted in the control group. It is thus demonstrated that the fertilizer costs of the process of the invention are significantly reduced compared to the conventional model.
After 10 days, 30 days, 50 days, 70 days and 90 days of flue-cured tobacco transplanting, the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil of the experimental group planting field and the control group planting field in the example 1 are respectively detected, and the results are shown in table 2;
the detection method of the content of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen comprises the following steps: and (3) determination by an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method, reference: bakedan, soil agro-chemical analysis, Beijing, China agricultural Press, 2000;
the method for detecting the content of the quick-acting phosphorus comprises the following steps: sodium bicarbonate leaching molybdenum antimony colorimetric resistance method, reference: bakedan, soil agro-chemical analysis, Beijing, China agricultural Press, 2000;
the method for detecting the content of the quick-acting potassium comprises the following steps: flame photometry determination, reference: baoshidan, soil agro-chemical analysis, Beijing, Chinese agriculture Press, 2000.
TABLE 2 soil nutrient test results (unit: mg/kg)
As can be seen from Table 2, the contents of alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil 10 days after the transplantation of the experimental group planting field are respectively increased by 101.03mg/kg, 12.13mg/kg and 85.38mg/kg, compared with the control group planting field. Therefore, the method disclosed by the invention is beneficial to timely absorbing nutrients after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, realizes early growth and fast development, reduces the influence of adverse climate in the later period on normal maturity of the upper tobacco leaves and harvesting the tobacco leaves, and well solves the problems that the seedling recovery period is long after the flue-cured tobacco is planted and the upper tobacco leaves in the later period can not be normally mature in the southwest tobacco area.
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control planting field, the contents of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium in the soil in the middle and later periods of the experimental planting field are obviously reduced, and particularly, the contents of the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium in the soil are respectively reduced by 35.82%, 19.99% and 31.47% 90 days after transplantation. Therefore, the method disclosed by the invention solves the problem of greedy and late maturity phenomenon of upper tobacco leaves caused by excessive soil supply in later period generally existing in the southwest tobacco field, so that the yield and the output value are increased.
Detecting the middle-to-upper tobacco leaf proportion, the middle tobacco leaf proportion, the lower-to-lower tobacco leaf proportion, the per mu yield and the per mu yield of the flue-cured tobacco leaves harvested in the experimental group planting field and the control group planting field in the example 1, wherein the average value of the two-mu planting fields of the two groups is used as the final result, and the result is shown in table 3;
the detection method of the first-class tobacco leaf proportion, the medium-class tobacco leaf proportion and the second-class tobacco leaf proportion comprises the following steps: dividing flue-cured tobacco leaves (tobacco leaves harvested in an experimental group planting field and a control group planting field are cured in the same curing barn) into different grades according to GB 2635-1992 flue-cured tobacco), classifying the tobacco leaves of each grade into upper-grade tobacco leaves, middle-grade tobacco leaves and lower-grade tobacco leaves, respectively weighing the weight of the tobacco leaves of each grade, adding the weight of the tobacco leaves of each grade to obtain the total tobacco leaf yield (in terms of jin/mu), and respectively dividing the weight of the upper-grade tobacco leaves, the middle-grade tobacco leaves and the lower-grade tobacco leaves by the total tobacco leaf yield to obtain the upper-grade tobacco leaf proportion, the middle-grade tobacco leaf proportion and the lower-grade tobacco leaf proportion (in terms of percent);
the method for calculating the mu yield value comprises the following steps: dividing primary flue-cured tobacco leaves (tobacco leaves harvested from an experimental group planting field and a control group planting field are cured in the same curing barn) of each acre planting field of two group planting fields into different grades according to GB 2635-1992 flue-cured tobacco, and then weighing the weight of each grade of tobacco leaves respectively; multiplying the weight of each grade of tobacco leaves by the purchase price of the corresponding grade (the purchase price of the tobacco leaves is calculated according to the number of the Chinese tobacco products [ 2018 ] 20 (the Chinese tobacco general company notifies about the tobacco leaf purchase price policy in 2018)), so as to obtain the output value (in terms of yuan/mu) of each grade of tobacco leaves, and then adding the output values of each grade of tobacco leaves to obtain the mu output value.
TABLE 3 tobacco leaf grade Structure and output
As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the control group planting field, the proportion of first-class tobacco leaves in flue-cured tobacco in the experimental group planting field is improved by 6.21%, the proportion of second-class tobacco leaves is reduced by 2.32%, the yield is improved by 16.5 jin/mu, and the yield per mu is improved by 386.54 yuan/mu. Therefore, the method disclosed by the invention can improve the quality and yield of the flue-cured tobacco and increase the tobacco planting benefit of tobacco growers.
The amount of labor before flue-cured tobacco transplantation, the amount of labor after flue-cured tobacco harvest, the total amount of labor and the labor cost in the control group planting field and the experimental group planting field in example 1 were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 amount of labor and cost of labor
Remarking: the labor cost after the tobacco is harvested is 80 yuan/one, and the labor cost before the tobacco is transplanted is 120 yuan/one.
Can know from table 4, the experimental group plants the field and carries out the fermentation of farmyard manure in the furrow after flue-cured tobacco results, uses the base fertilizer simultaneously, and the equal amount of labour of mu was 3.5 before this, only need carry out simple the repairment to the ridge body before transplanting can the epiphragma, and 1 alright completion of amount of labour, total amount of labour are 4.5. The tobacco plant residues in the control group planting field are cleaned, the field needs to be turned, prepared, ridged and covered with a film before the year, and the amount of labor per mu is 4.5. As the labor amount of the method is mostly generated in the idle season, the total labor cost is only 400 yuan/mu, and is reduced by 80 yuan/mu compared with the labor cost of the traditional mode. Thus, the method provided by the invention reduces the labor amount and labor cost.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (2)
1. A tobacco field fertilizer management method for southwest tobacco areas is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
A. after the tobacco leaves are harvested, spreading 25-35kg of quicklime per mu at the bottom of a furrow, cutting fresh tobacco stems into sections with the length of 10-20cm, then layering and stacking the sections in the furrow, adding 0.1-0.2% of a leavening agent and 35-45kg of quicklime per mu of the fresh tobacco stems in quantity between layers, layering and fertilizing base fertilizers in the second year between layers, and spreading 25-35kg of quicklime per mu on the outer layer of a fermentation pile; the height of the fermentation pile is not more than 20 cm;
B. b, after the treatment of the step A, turning the soil of the tobacco ridge bodies planted in the first year inwards to form furrows at two sides, and covering the fermentation piles;
C. before the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted in the second year, further trimming the ridge body to enable the height of the ridge body to be 25-30cm, and then transplanting the flue-cured tobacco;
D. and (5) circulating according to steps A, B and C in sequence for the following planting years.
2. The tobacco field fertilizer management method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
A. after tobacco leaves are harvested, spreading 25-35kg of quicklime per mu at the bottom of a furrow, cutting a fresh tobacco rod into sections with the length of 10-20cm, then layering and stacking the sections in the furrow, adding animal manure with the mass not more than 50% of that of the fresh tobacco rod, adding a leavening agent with the mass 0.1-0.2% of that of the fresh tobacco rod and 35-45kg of quicklime per mu at layering positions, layering base fertilizers in the second year and spreading 25-35kg of quicklime per mu on the outer layer of a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is not more than 20 cm;
B. b, after the treatment of the step A, turning the soil of the tobacco ridge bodies planted in the first year inwards to form furrows at two sides, and covering the fermentation piles;
C. before the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted in the second year, further trimming the ridge body to enable the height of the ridge body to be 25-30cm, and then transplanting the flue-cured tobacco;
D. and (5) circulating according to steps A, B and C in sequence for the following planting years.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811196828.3A CN109041727B (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2018-10-15 | Tobacco field fertilizer management method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811196828.3A CN109041727B (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2018-10-15 | Tobacco field fertilizer management method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109041727A CN109041727A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
| CN109041727B true CN109041727B (en) | 2021-02-09 |
Family
ID=64764777
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811196828.3A Expired - Fee Related CN109041727B (en) | 2018-10-15 | 2018-10-15 | Tobacco field fertilizer management method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109041727B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113615525A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-09 | 四川省烟草公司攀枝花市公司 | Cultivation method for improving root development of transplanted tobacco in mountainous area |
| CN114391328B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-10-21 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for improving acid tobacco field soil by using flue-curing barn biomass fuel ash |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102273369B (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2013-12-11 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Method for no-tillage crop rotation of flue-cured tobaccos and pastures |
| CN104813769B (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-08-24 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of tobacco-growing soil ecology modification method |
| CN105638226B (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2019-04-05 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | A kind of Fertilizer Application of Tobacco method that can effectively prevent tobacco-growing soil pest and disease damage |
| CN106212000A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-14 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of Dryland Tobacco no-tillage cultivation method |
| CN107793202A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-03-13 | 黔西南州烟草公司兴义市分公司 | A kind of tobacco special organic inorganic compound fertilizer and its application process |
-
2018
- 2018-10-15 CN CN201811196828.3A patent/CN109041727B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109041727A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103518523B (en) | Orchard, hillside kind grass sheep raising circulation pattern implantation methods | |
| CN105191654A (en) | Intercropping cultivation method of corn and rice beans | |
| CN102301882B (en) | Agricultural cultivation method of paddy-straw-goose ecology | |
| CN107258300A (en) | A kind of green manure and the cultural method of konjaku interplanting | |
| CN104472058A (en) | Method for increasing alfalfa seed yield | |
| CN108551994A (en) | A kind of method that cotton field interplanting rape makees green manure | |
| CN108377872A (en) | Make the implantation methods of dandelion between a kind of potato | |
| CN110810345A (en) | Interplanting and intercropping method for vegetables and earthworms with large line spacing in east-west direction of sunlight greenhouse | |
| CN103718819B (en) | A kind of three exempt from the implantation methods following compound potato | |
| CN105724037A (en) | Planting method of soiling setaria italica forage grass | |
| CN109041727B (en) | Tobacco field fertilizer management method | |
| CN106818388A (en) | A kind of lemon orchard zoology breeding method | |
| CN109121932B (en) | Planting method for alternately interplanting stropharia rugoso-annulata and bletilla striata under tea trees | |
| Vityakon | The role of trees in countering land degradation in cultivated fields in Northeast Thailand | |
| CN106069030A (en) | The method cultivating Rhizoma Coptidis under peach tree | |
| CN104686161B (en) | A kind of method that selenium-enriched tea leaf is cultivated in farmland | |
| CN101919350A (en) | Artificial soil culturing substrate and using method | |
| CN107459393B (en) | Rice stubble flue-cured tobacco transplanting stump-stabilizing fertilizer and application method thereof | |
| CN110583353A (en) | Grape cultivation method for saline-alkali soil | |
| CN104472050A (en) | Method for improving nursery soil | |
| CN110845258A (en) | Environment-friendly bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| Singh et al. | Planting Techniques in Sugarcane Cultivation: A Review | |
| CN102792801A (en) | Method of returning straw and sod smoldered soil to field | |
| CN115843591B (en) | Cover material and method for improving soil fertility, reducing steam, saving water and preventing insects | |
| BE1028471B1 (en) | Comprehensive nutrient management technology and its application, taking into account the harmony of the four factors "soil, water, air and microorganism". |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Jiang Houlong Inventor after: Zhang Yan Inventor after: Li Najia Inventor after: Geng Lina Inventor after: Zhao Min Inventor after: Li Yong Inventor after: Zhang Chunhua Inventor after: Wang Daibin Inventor after: Yang Chao Inventor after: Wang Hongfeng Inventor after: Xu Chen Inventor after: Ma Xiao Inventor after: Generation First Strength Inventor after: Chen Yiyin Inventor before: Jiang Houlong Inventor before: Zhang Yan Inventor before: Li Najia Inventor before: Geng Lina Inventor before: Zhao Min Inventor before: Li Yong Inventor before: Wang Hongfeng Inventor before: Xu Chen Inventor before: Wang Daibin Inventor before: Zhang Chunhua Inventor before: Yang Chao Inventor before: Ma Xiao Inventor before: Generation First Strength Inventor before: Chen Yiyin |
|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20210209 |